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Shi X, Hu X, Jiang N, Mao J. Regenerative endodontic therapy: From laboratory bench to clinical practice. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00267-4. [PMID: 38969092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining the vitality and functionality of dental pulp is paramount for tooth integrity, longevity, and homeostasis. Aiming to treat irreversible pulpitis and necrosis, there has been a paradigm shift from conventional root canal treatment towards regenerative endodontic therapy. AIM OF REVIEW This extensive and multipart review presents crucial laboratory and practical issues related to pulp-dentin complex regeneration aimed towards advancing clinical translation of regenerative endodontic therapy and enhancing human life quality. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW In this multipart review paper, we first present a panorama of emerging potential tissue engineering strategies for pulp-dentin complex regeneration from cell transplantation and cell homing perspectives, emphasizing the critical regenerative components of stem cells, biomaterials, and conducive microenvironments. Then, this review provides details about current clinically practiced pulp regenerative/reparative approaches, including direct pulp capping and root revascularization, with a specific focus on the remaining hurdles and bright prospects in developing such therapies. Next, special attention was devoted to discussing the innovative biomimetic perspectives opened in establishing functional tissues by employing exosomes and cell aggregates, which will benefit the clinical translation of dental pulp engineering protocols. Finally, we summarize careful consideration that should be given to basic research and clinical applications of regenerative endodontics. In particular, this review article highlights significant challenges associated with residual infection and inflammation and identifies future insightful directions in creating antibacterial and immunomodulatory microenvironments so that clinicians and researchers can comprehensively understand crucial clinical aspects of regenerative endodontic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaohan Hu
- Outpatient Department Office, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Nan Jiang
- Central Laboratory, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jing Mao
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China.
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2
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Flechas Becerra C, Barrios Silva LV, Ahmed E, Bear JC, Feng Z, Chau DY, Parker SG, Halligan S, Lythgoe MF, Stuckey DJ, Patrick PS. X-Ray Visible Protein Scaffolds by Bulk Iodination. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306246. [PMID: 38145968 PMCID: PMC10933627 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Protein-based biomaterial use is expanding within medicine, together with the demand to visualize their placement and behavior in vivo. However, current medical imaging techniques struggle to differentiate between protein-based implants and surrounding tissue. Here a fast, simple, and translational solution for tracking transplanted protein-based scaffolds is presented using X-ray CT-facilitating long-term, non-invasive, and high-resolution imaging. X-ray visible scaffolds are engineered by selectively iodinating tyrosine residues under mild conditions using readily available reagents. To illustrate translatability, a clinically approved hernia repair mesh (based on decellularized porcine dermis) is labeled, preserving morphological and mechanical properties. In a mouse model of mesh implantation, implants retain marked X-ray contrast up to 3 months, together with an unchanged degradation rate and inflammatory response. The technique's compatibility is demonstrated with a range of therapeutically relevant protein formats including bovine, porcine, and jellyfish collagen, as well as silk sutures, enabling a wide range of surgical and regenerative medicine uses. This solution tackles the challenge of visualizing implanted protein-based biomaterials, which conventional imaging methods fail to differentiate from endogenous tissue. This will address previously unanswered questions regarding the accuracy of implantation, degradation rate, migration, and structural integrity, thereby accelerating optimization and safe translation of therapeutic biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Flechas Becerra
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College LondonPaul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Lady V. Barrios Silva
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue EngineeringEastman Dental InstituteUniversity College LondonRoyal Free HospitalRowland Hill StreetLondonNW3 2PFUK
| | - Ebtehal Ahmed
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College LondonPaul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Joseph C. Bear
- School of Life SciencePharmacy & ChemistryKingston UniversityPenrhyn RoadKingston upon ThamesKT1 2EEUK
| | - Zhiping Feng
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College LondonPaul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - David Y.S. Chau
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue EngineeringEastman Dental InstituteUniversity College LondonRoyal Free HospitalRowland Hill StreetLondonNW3 2PFUK
| | - Samuel G. Parker
- Centre for Medical Imaging, Division of MedicineUniversity College London UCLCharles Bell House, 43–45 Foley StreetLondonW1W 7TSUK
| | - Steve Halligan
- Centre for Medical Imaging, Division of MedicineUniversity College London UCLCharles Bell House, 43–45 Foley StreetLondonW1W 7TSUK
| | - Mark F. Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College LondonPaul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Daniel J. Stuckey
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College LondonPaul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - P. Stephen Patrick
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College LondonPaul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
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Luo X, Niu J, Su G, Zhou L, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang Q, Sun N. Research progress of biomimetic materials in oral medicine. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:72. [PMID: 37996886 PMCID: PMC10668381 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic materials are able to mimic the structure and functional properties of native tissues especially natural oral tissues. They have attracted growing attention for their potential to achieve configurable and functional reconstruction in oral medicine. Though tremendous progress has been made regarding biomimetic materials, significant challenges still remain in terms of controversy on the mechanism of tooth tissue regeneration, lack of options for manufacturing such materials and insufficiency of in vivo experimental tests in related fields. In this review, the biomimetic materials used in oral medicine are summarized systematically, including tooth defect, tooth loss, periodontal diseases and maxillofacial bone defect. Various theoretical foundations of biomimetic materials research are reviewed, introducing the current and pertinent results. The benefits and limitations of these materials are summed up at the same time. Finally, challenges and potential of this field are discussed. This review provides the framework and support for further research in addition to giving a generally novel and fundamental basis for the utilization of biomimetic materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Luo
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Jiayue Niu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Guanyu Su
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Linxi Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Xue Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ningning Sun
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Wang H, Wang X, Huang L, Wang C, Yu F, Ye L. Overburdened ferroptotic stress impairs tooth morphogenesis. eLife 2023; 12:RP88745. [PMID: 37991825 PMCID: PMC10665014 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of regulated cell death in organ development, particularly the impact of non-apoptotic cell death, remains largely uncharted. Ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic cell death pathway known for its iron dependence and lethal lipid peroxidation, is currently being rigorously investigated for its pathological functions. The balance between ferroptotic stress (iron and iron-dependent lipid peroxidation) and ferroptosis supervising pathways (anti-lipid peroxidation systems) serves as the key mechanism regulating the activation of ferroptosis. Compared with other forms of regulated necrotic cell death, ferroptosis is critically related to the metabolism of lipid and iron which are also important in organ development. In our study, we examined the role of ferroptosis in organogenesis using an ex vivo tooth germ culture model, investigating the presence and impact of ferroptotic stress on tooth germ development. Our findings revealed that ferroptotic stress increased during tooth development, while the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), a crucial anti-lipid peroxidation enzyme, also escalated in dental epithelium/mesenchyme cells. The inhibition of ferroptosis was found to partially rescue erastin-impaired tooth morphogenesis. Our results suggest that while ferroptotic stress is present during tooth organogenesis, its effects are efficaciously controlled by the subsequent upregulation of Gpx4. Notably, an overabundance of ferroptotic stress, as induced by erastin, suppresses tooth morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Liuyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chenglin Wang
- Department of Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Fanyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Liang Z, Chen D, Jiang Y, Su Z, Pi Y, Luo T, Jiang Q, Yang L, Guo L. Multifunctional Lithium-Doped Mesoporous Nanoparticles for Effective Dentin Regeneration in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5309-5325. [PMID: 37746049 PMCID: PMC10516199 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s424930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Effective infection control without irritating the pulp tissue is the key to successful vital pulp therapy. Developing a novel antibacterial biomaterial that promotes dentin regeneration for pulp capping is thus a promising strategy for enhancing vital pulp therapy. Methods Lithium-doped mesoporous nanoparticles (Li-MNPs) were synthesized using an alkali-catalyzed sol-gel method. The particle size, elemental distribution, surface morphology, pore structure, and ion release from Li-MNPs were measured. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) were used to evaluate the biological effects of Li-MNPs. In addition, a dental pulp exposure mouse model was used to evaluate the regenerative effects of Li-MNPs. Results Li-MNPs had a larger surface area (221.18 m2/g), a larger pore volume (0.25 cm3/g), and a smaller particle size (520.92 ± 35.21 nm) than MNPs. The in vitro investigation demonstrated that Li-MNPs greatly enhanced the biomineralization and odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Li-MNPs showed a strong antibacterial effect on S. mutans. As expected, Li-MNPs significantly promoted dentin regeneration in situ and in vivo. Conclusion Li-MNPs promoted dentin regeneration and inhibited S. mutans growth, implying a possible application as a pulp capping agent in vital pulp therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitian Liang
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ding Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Jiang
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhikang Su
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixing Pi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianzhou Jiang
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lvhua Guo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, People’s Republic of China
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Franca CM, Athirasala A, Subbiah R, Tahayeri A, Selvakumar P, Mansoorifar A, Horsophonphong S, Sercia A, Nih L, Bertassoni LE. High-Throughput Bioprinting of Geometrically-Controlled Pre-Vascularized Injectable Microgels for Accelerated Tissue Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202840. [PMID: 37219011 PMCID: PMC10526736 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Successful integration of cell-laden tissue constructs with host vasculature depends on the presence of functional capillaries to provide oxygen and nutrients to the embedded cells. However, diffusion limitations of cell-laden biomaterials challenge regeneration of large tissue defects that require bulk-delivery of hydrogels and cells. Herein, a strategy to bioprint geometrically controlled, endothelial and stem-cell laden microgels in high-throughput is introduced, allowing these cells to form mature and functional pericyte-supported vascular capillaries in vitro, and then injecting these pre-vascularized constructs minimally invasively in-vivo. It is demonstrated that this approach offers both desired scalability for translational applications as well as unprecedented levels of control over multiple microgel parameters to design spatially-tailored microenvironments for better scaffold functionality and vasculature formation. As a proof-of-concept, the regenerative capacity of the bioprinted pre-vascularized microgels is compared with that of cell-laden monolithic hydrogels of the same cellular and matrix composition in hard-to-heal defects in vivo. The results demonstrate that the bioprinted microgels have faster and higher connective tissue formation, more vessels per area, and widespread presence of functional chimeric (human and murine) vascular capillaries across regenerated sites. The proposed strategy, therefore, addresses a significant issue in regenerative medicine, demonstrating a superior potential to facilitate translational regenerative efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane M Franca
- Knight Cancer Precision Biofabrication Hub, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Division of Biomaterial and Biosciences, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Avathamsa Athirasala
- Knight Cancer Precision Biofabrication Hub, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Division of Biomaterial and Biosciences, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Ramesh Subbiah
- Division of Biomaterial and Biosciences, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Anthony Tahayeri
- Knight Cancer Precision Biofabrication Hub, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Division of Biomaterial and Biosciences, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Prakash Selvakumar
- Division of Biomaterial and Biosciences, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Amin Mansoorifar
- Division of Biomaterial and Biosciences, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Sivaporn Horsophonphong
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 73170, Thailand
| | - Ashley Sercia
- Division of Biomaterial and Biosciences, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Lina Nih
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Luiz E Bertassoni
- Knight Cancer Precision Biofabrication Hub, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Division of Biomaterial and Biosciences, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
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Luo N, Deng YW, Wen J, Xu XC, Jiang RX, Zhan JY, Zhang Y, Lu BQ, Chen F, Chen X. Wnt3a-Loaded Hydroxyapatite Nanowire@Mesoporous Silica Core-Shell Nanocomposite Promotes the Regeneration of Dentin-Pulp Complex via Angiogenesis, Oxidative Stress Resistance, and Odontogenic Induction of Stem Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300229. [PMID: 37186211 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Pulp exposure often leads to pulp necrosis, root fractures, and ultimate tooth loss. The repair of the exposure site with pulp capping treatment is of great significance to preserving pulp vitality, but its efficacy is impaired by the low bioactivity of capping materials and cell injuries from the local accumulation of oxidative stress. This study develops a Wnt3a-loaded hydroxyapatite nanowire@mesoporous silica (Wnt3a-HANW@MpSi) core-shell nanocomposite for pulp capping treatments. The ultralong and highly flexible hydroxyapatite nanowires provide the framework for the composites, and the mesoporous silica shell endows the composite with the capacity of efficiently loading/releasing Wnt3a and Si ions. Under in vitro investigation, Wnt3a-HANW@MpSi not only promotes the oxidative stress resistance of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), enhances their migration and odontogenic differentiation, but also exhibits superior properties of angiogenesis in vitro. Revealed by the transcriptome analysis, the underlying mechanisms of odontogenic enhancement by Wnt3a-HANW@MpSi are closely related to multiple biological processes and signaling pathways toward pulp/dentin regeneration. Furthermore, an animal model of subcutaneous transplantation demonstrates the significant reinforcement of the formation of dentin-pulp complex-like tissues and blood vessels by Wnt3a-HANW@MpSi in vivo. These results indicate the promising potential of Wnt3a-HANW@MpSi in treatments of dental pulp exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Luo
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Wei Deng
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Jin Wen
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Chen Xu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Xue Jiang
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Yu Zhan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Qiang Lu
- Center for Orthopaedic Science and Translational Medicine, Department of Orthopedic, Spinal Pain Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Center for Orthopaedic Science and Translational Medicine, Department of Orthopedic, Spinal Pain Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
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8
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Sui BD, Zheng CX, Zhao WM, Xuan K, Li B, Jin Y. Mesenchymal condensation in tooth development and regeneration: a focus on translational aspects of organogenesis. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1899-1964. [PMID: 36656056 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The teeth are vertebrate-specific, highly specialized organs performing fundamental functions of mastication and speech, the maintenance of which is crucial for orofacial homeostasis and is further linked to systemic health and human psychosocial well-being. However, with limited ability for self-repair, the teeth can often be impaired by traumatic, inflammatory, and progressive insults, leading to high prevalence of tooth loss and defects worldwide. Regenerative medicine holds the promise to achieve physiological restoration of lost or damaged organs, and in particular an evolving framework of developmental engineering has pioneered functional tooth regeneration by harnessing the odontogenic program. As a key event of tooth morphogenesis, mesenchymal condensation dictates dental tissue formation and patterning through cellular self-organization and signaling interaction with the epithelium, which provides a representative to decipher organogenetic mechanisms and can be leveraged for regenerative purposes. In this review, we summarize how mesenchymal condensation spatiotemporally assembles from dental stem cells (DSCs) and sequentially mediates tooth development. We highlight condensation-mimetic engineering efforts and mechanisms based on ex vivo aggregation of DSCs, which have achieved functionally robust and physiologically relevant tooth regeneration after implantation in animals and in humans. The discussion of this aspect will add to the knowledge of development-inspired tissue engineering strategies and will offer benefits to propel clinical organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Dong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen-Xi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wan-Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Yang Q, Zou Y, Wei X, Ye P, Wu Y, Ai H, Zhang Z, Tan J, Zhou J, Yang Y, Dai Q, Dou C, Luo F. PTP1B knockdown alleviates BMSCs senescence via activating AMPK-mediated mitophagy and promotes osteogenesis in senile osteoporosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023:166795. [PMID: 37385514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is the basis of senile osteoporosis (SOP). Targeting BMSCs senescence is of paramount importance for developing anti-osteoporotic strategy. In this study, we found that protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), an enzyme responsible for tyrosine dephosphorylation, was significantly upregulated in BMSCs and femurs with advancing chronological age. Therefore, the potential role of PTP1B in BMSCs senescence and senile osteoporosis was studied. Firstly, significantly upregulated PTP1B expression along with impaired osteogenic differentiation capacity was observed in D-galactose (D-gal)-induced BMSCs and naturally-aged BMSCs. Furthermore, PTP1B silencing could effectively alleviate senescence, improve mitochondrial dysfunction, and restore osteogenic differentiation in aged BMSCs, which was attributable to enhanced mitophagy mediated by PKM2/AMPK pathway. In addition, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an autophagy inhibitor, significantly reversed the protective effects from PTP1B knockdown. In SOP animal model, transplantation of LVsh-PTP1B-transfected D-gal-induced BMSCs harvested double protective effects, including increased bone formation and reduced osteoclastogenesis. Similarly, HCQ treatment remarkably suppressed osteogenesis of LVsh-PTP1B-transfected D-gal-induced BMSCs in vivo. Taken together, our data demonstrated that PTP1B silencing protects against BMSCs senescence and mitigates SOP via activating AMPK-mediated mitophagy. Targeting PTP1B may represent a promising interventional strategy to attenuate SOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- QianKun Yang
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - YuChi Zou
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - XiaoYu Wei
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Peng Ye
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - YuTong Wu
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - HongBo Ai
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Orthopedics Department, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command PLA, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan Province, China
| | - JiuLin Tan
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jiangling Zhou
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - YuSheng Yang
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - QiJie Dai
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ce Dou
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fei Luo
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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10
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Wang Z, Chen C, Zhang J, He J, Zhang L, Wu J, Tian Z. Epithelium-derived SCUBE3 promotes polarized odontoblastic differentiation of dental mesenchymal stem cells and pulp regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:130. [PMID: 37189178 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signal peptide-CUB-EGF domain-containing protein 3 (SCUBE3), a secreted multifunctional glycoprotein whose transcript expression is restricted to the tooth germ epithelium during the development of embryonic mouse teeth, has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in the regulation of tooth development. Based on this, we hypothesized that epithelium-derived SCUBE3 contributes to bio-function in dental mesenchymal cells (Mes) via epithelium-mesenchyme interactions. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining and a co-culture system were used to reveal the temporospatial expression of the SCUBE3 protein during mouse tooth germ development. In addition, human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were used as a Mes model to study the proliferation, migration, odontoblastic differentiation capacity, and mechanism of rhSCUBE3. Novel pulp-dentin-like organoid models were constructed to further confirm the odontoblast induction function of SCUBE3. Finally, semi-orthotopic animal experiments were performed to explore the clinical application of rhSCUBE3. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance and t-tests. RESULTS The epithelium-derived SCUBE3 translocated to the mesenchyme via a paracrine pathway during mouse embryonic development, and the differentiating odontoblasts in postnatal tooth germ subsequently secreted the SCUBE3 protein via an autocrine mechanism. In hDPSCs, exogenous SCUBE3 promoted cell proliferation and migration via TGF-β signalling and accelerated odontoblastic differentiation via BMP2 signalling. In the semi-orthotopic animal experiments, we found that SCUBE3 pre-treatment-induced polarized odontoblast-like cells attached to the dental walls and had better angiogenesis performance. CONCLUSION SCUBE3 protein expression is transferred from the epithelium to mesenchyme during embryonic development. The function of epithelium-derived SCUBE3 in Mes, including proliferation, migration, and polarized odontoblastic differentiation, and their mechanisms are elaborated for the first time. These findings shed light on exogenous SCUBE3 application in clinic dental pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Road North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, No. 143 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research of Higher Education Institution of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Chuying Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Road North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Road North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangdie He
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Road North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Road North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jiayuan Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, No. 143 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563000, China.
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research of Higher Education Institution of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China.
| | - Zhihui Tian
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Road North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China.
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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11
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XU YIFAN, CHENG DONGMEI, HU LEI, DONG XIN, LV LIYING, ZHANG CHEN, ZHOU JIAN. Single-cell sequencing analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of promotion of SCAP proliferation upon AZD2858 treatment. BIOCELL 2023. [DOI: 10.32604/biocell.2023.026122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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12
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METTL3-Mediated lncSNHG7 m 6A Modification in the Osteogenic/Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Stem Cells. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010113. [PMID: 36614914 PMCID: PMC9821659 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) play an important role in endodontic regeneration. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common RNA modification, and noncoding RNAs have also been demonstrated to have regulatory roles in the expression of m6A regulatory proteins. However, the study on m6A modification in hDPSCs has not yet been conducted. Methods: Single base site PCR (MazF) was used to detect the m6A modification site of lncSNHG7 before and after mineralization of hDPSCs to screen the target m6A modification protein, and bioinformatics analysis was used to analyze the related pathways rich in lncSNHG7. After knockdown and overexpression of lncSNHG7 and METTL3, the osteogenic/odontogenic ability was detected. After METTL3 knockdown, the m6A modification level and its expression of lncSNHG7 were detected by MazF, and their binding was confirmed. Finally, the effects of lncSNHG7 and METTL3 on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway were detected. Results: MazF experiments revealed that lncSNHG7 had a m6A modification before and after mineralization of hDPSCs, and the occurrence site was 2081. METTL3 was most significantly upregulated after mineralization of hDPSCs. Knockdown/ overexpression of lncSNHG7 and METTL3 inhibited/promoted the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. The m6A modification and expression of lncSNHG7 were both regulated by METTL3. Subsequently, lncSNHG7 and METTL3 were found to regulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Conclusion: These results revealed that METTL3 can activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by regulating the m6A modification and expression of lncSNHG7 in hDPSCs to enhance the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Our study provides new insight into stem cell-based tissue engineering.
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Liang C, Liang Q, Xu X, Liu X, Gao X, Li M, Yang J, Xing X, Huang H, Tang Q, Liao L, Tian W. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 mediates stem cells migration and angiogenesis: therapeutic potential for endogenous pulp regeneration. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:38. [PMID: 35858911 PMCID: PMC9300630 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulp loss is accompanied by the functional impairment of defense, sensory, and nutrition supply. The approach based on endogenous stem cells is a potential strategy for pulp regeneration. However, endogenous stem cell sources, exogenous regenerative signals, and neovascularization are major difficulties for pulp regeneration based on endogenous stem cells. Therefore, the purpose of our research is to seek an effective cytokines delivery strategy and bioactive materials to reestablish an ideal regenerative microenvironment for pulp regeneration. In in vitro study, we investigated the effects of Wnt3a, transforming growth factor-beta 1, and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) on human dental pulp stem cells (h-DPSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 2D and 3D culture systems based on collagen gel, matrigel, and gelatin methacryloyl were fabricated to evaluate the morphology and viability of h-DPSCs. In in vivo study, an ectopic nude mouse model and an in situ beagle dog model were established to investigate the possibility of pulp regeneration by implanting collagen gel loading BMP7. We concluded that BMP7 promoted the migration and odontogenic differentiation of h-DPSCs and vessel formation. Collagen gel maintained the cell adhesion, cell spreading, and cell viability of h-DPSCs in 2D or 3D culture. The transplantation of collagen gel loading BMP7 induced vascularized pulp-like tissue regeneration in vivo. The injectable approach based on collagen gel loading BMP7 might exert promising therapeutic application in endogenous pulp regeneration. BMP7 as a regenerative signaling molecule mediates stem cell migration and odontoblastic differentiation (a) and as a pro-angiogenic factor promotes revascularization of endothelial cells (b). Collagen gel supports cell adhesion, spreading, and viability (c). ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingqing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Maojiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaotao Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haisen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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14
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Zou J, Mao J, Shi X. Influencing factors of pulp-dentin complex regeneration and related biological strategies. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022; 51:350-361. [PMID: 36207838 PMCID: PMC9511472 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic therapy (RET) utilizing tissue engineering approach can promote the regeneration of pulp-dentin complex to restore pulp vascularization, neuralization, immune function and tubular dentin, therefore the regenerated pulp-dentin complex will have normal function. Multiple factors may significantly affect the efficacy of RET, including stem cells, biosignaling molecules and biomaterial scaffolds. Stem cells derived from dental tissues (such as dental pulp stem cells) exhibit certain advantages in RET. Combined application of multiple signaling molecules and activation of signal transduction pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin and BMP/Smad play pivotal roles in enhancing the potential of stem cell migration, proliferation, odontoblastic differentiation, and nerve and blood vessel regeneration. Biomaterials suitable for RET include naturally-derived materials and artificially synthetic materials. Artificially synthetic materials should imitate natural tissues for biomimetic modification in order to realize the temporal and spatial regulation of pulp-dentin complex regeneration. The realization of pulp-dentin complex regeneration depends on two strategies: stem cell transplantation and stem cell homing. Stem cell homing strategy does not require the isolation and culture of stem cells in vitro, so is better for clinical application. However, in order to achieve the true regeneration of pulp-dentin complex, problems related to improving the success rate of stem cell homing and promoting their proliferation and differentiation need to be solved. This article reviews the influencing factors of pulp-dentin complex regeneration and related biological strategies, and discusses the future research direction of RET, to provide reference for clinical translation and application of RET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielin Zou
- 1. Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- 2. School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- 3. Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jing Mao
- 1. Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- 2. School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- 3. Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xin Shi
- 1. Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- 2. School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- 3. Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
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15
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Yuan Y, Zhang X, Zhan Y, Tang S, Deng P, Wang Z, Li J. Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells are verified to be potential seed candidates for bio-root regeneration in three-dimensional culture. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:234. [PMID: 35659736 PMCID: PMC9166419 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02907-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bio-root regeneration is a promising treatment for tooth loss. It has been reported that dental-derived stem cells are effective seed cells for bio-root construction, but further applications are limited by their few sources. Human adipose tissues have a wide range of sources and numerous studies have confirmed the ability of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) in regenerative medicine. In the current study, the odontogenic capacities of ASCs were compared with dental-derived stem cells including dental follicle cells (DFCs), and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs). METHODS The biological characteristics of ASCs, DFCs, and SHEDs were explored in vitro. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures were compared in vitro. Odontogenic characteristics of porcine-treated dentin matrix (pTDM) induced cells under a 3D microenvironment in vitro were compared. The complexes (cell/pTDM) were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice to verify regenerative potential. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to explore molecular mechanisms of different seed cells in bio-root regeneration. RESULTS 3D culture was more efficient in constructing bio-root complexes. ASCs exhibited good biological characteristics similar to dental-derived stem cells in vitro. Besides, pTDM induced ASCs presented odontogenic ability similar to dental-derived stem cells. Furthermore, 3D cultured ASCs/pTDM complex promoted regeneration of dentin-like, pulp-like, and periodontal fiber-like tissues in vivo. Analysis indicated that PI3K-Akt, VEGF signaling pathways may play key roles in the process of inducing ASCs odontogenic differentiation by pTDM. CONCLUSIONS ASCs are potential seed cells for pTDM-induced bio-root regeneration, providing a basis for further research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yuan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Zhan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Tang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingmeng Deng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxiang Wang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Kwack KH, Lee HW. Clinical Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Pulp Regeneration: Current Endodontic Progress and Future Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:857066. [PMID: 35478967 PMCID: PMC9035692 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.857066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a common disease that not only destroys the rigid structure of the teeth but also causes pulp necrosis in severe cases. Once pulp necrosis has occurred, the most common treatment is to remove the damaged pulp tissue, leading to a loss of tooth vitality and increased tooth fragility. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) isolated from pulp tissue exhibit mesenchymal stem cell-like characteristics and are considered ideal candidates for regenerating damaged dental pulp tissue owing to their multipotency, high proliferation rate, and viability after cryopreservation. Importantly, DPSCs do not elicit an allogeneic immune response because they are non-immunogenic and exhibit potent immunosuppressive properties. Here, we provide an up-to-date review of the clinical applicability and potential of DPSCs, as well as emerging trends in the regeneration of damaged pulp tissue. In addition, we suggest the possibility of using DPSCs as a resource for allogeneic transplantation and provide a perspective for their clinical application in pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hwan Kwack
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Woo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Graduate School, Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hyeon-Woo Lee,
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17
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Lu J, Liu Z, Wang K, Gu M, Peng X, Zhang Y, Chen X, Chen Y, Zhang L. Odontogenesis by Endocytosis of Peptide Embedding Bioactive Glass Composite. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1055-1063. [PMID: 35394372 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221085186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited therapeutic options are available for treating deep caries. Those materials with potential of a dual effect to remineralize hard tissue and regenerate defective dentin tissues could be used as a new strategy for deep caries treatment. However, the application of the single component remains a challenge mainly because they lack calcium and phosphorus, are easily degraded, and are difficult to retain in the intricate body fluid environment. Considering the abundant source of calcium and phosphorus as well as the delivery performance of mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG), an amelogenin-derived peptide (QP5), which has a significant role in hard tissue remineralization, was loaded to fabricate a novel composite. After the synthesis of highly ordered MBG using a sol-gel method, the QP5 peptide was loaded increasingly by its extensive porous structure and enhanced electrostatic absorption. When used in an acidic environment, the MBG/QP5 composite presented pH-responsiveness, releasing therapeutic ions and functional peptides in a sequential cascade, and eventually adjusted the pH to a neutral state. The composite was internalized by dental pulp cells through a clathrin-mediated pathway and influenced by cell membrane lipid raft regulation. It could be also transported through the macro-pinocytotic pathway. Compared to the single treatment of peptide QP5 in 48 h, the composite facilitated a higher level of retention of the intracellular peptides. The composite further promoted migration and odontogenesis of dental pulp cells, including the improved activity of alkaline phosphatase, increased formation of mineralized nodules, and upregulated expression of mineralization-related genes compared to using MBG or QP5 alone. The composite further induced the dentin-like layer in a rat pulp capping model. The results suggested that this intelligent material with pH-responsiveness provides a promising alternative treatment method for biomimetic restoration of deep caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Z Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - K Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - M Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Wang D, Lyu Y, Yang Y, Zhang S, Chen G, Pan J, Tian W. Schwann cell-derived EVs facilitate dental pulp regeneration through endogenous stem cell recruitment via SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:610-624. [PMID: 34852303 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The dental pulp is critical for physiological vitality of the tooth, and dental pulp regeneration has great potential for rebuilding live pulp tissue after pulp disease. Schwann cells (SCs) play a critical role in the support, maintenance, and regeneration of nerve fibers in dental pulp. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which possess cell homing and tissue repair potential, derived from SCs (SC-EVs), can regulate dental mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) proliferation, multipotency, and self-renewal. However, the role of SC-EVs in dental pulp tissue regeneration remains unclear. To address this question, we treated dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) with SC-EVs, and the results showed an obvious increase in the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of both cell types. SC-EVs also promoted neurite outgrowth and neuron migration of rat dorsal root ganglia, as well as vessel formation in vitro. In an in vivo model of subcutaneous, SC-EVs enhanced the recruitment of endogenous vascular endothelioid-like cells and MSCs, and promoted the formation of a pulpo-dentinal complex-like structure. Finally, mass spectrometry analyses and western blot revealed that stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1, also known as CXCL12) plays a dominant role in SC-EVs. Together, these data suggest that SC-EVs successfully recruit endogenous stem cells to promote dental pulp regeneration. Our results provide a cell-free strategy for pulp regeneration that avoids the risks associated with stem cell transplantation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Dental pulp is vulnerable to infections resulting from dental care, trauma, and multiple restorations, with such infections resulting in pulpitis and pulp necrosis. The current endodontic treatment of irreversible pulp disease cannot restore the function of dental pulp and tissue engineering strategies using cell-based approaches are limited by several disadvantages, including immune rejection and limited cell sources. In this study, we found that schwann cells-derived EVs facilitated dental pulp regeneration through endogenous stem cells recruitment via SDF-1/CXCR4 axis without exogenous cell transplantation. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to describe a cell-free strategy to promote dental pulp regeneration.
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Biomolecule-Mediated Therapeutics of the Dentin–Pulp Complex: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020285. [PMID: 35204786 PMCID: PMC8961586 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the application of potential therapeutic signaling molecules on complete dentin-pulp complex and pulp tissue regeneration in orthotopic and ectopic animal studies. A search strategy was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement in the MEDLINE/PubMed database. Animal studies evaluating the application of signaling molecules to pulpectomized teeth for pulp tissue or dentin-pulp complex regeneration were included. From 2530 identified records, 18 fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were subjected to detailed qualitative analysis. Among the applied molecules, basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, bone morphogenetic factor-7, nerve growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor were the most frequently studied. The clinical, radiographical and histological outcome measures included healing of periapical lesions, root development, and apical closure, cellular recolonization of the pulp space, ingrowth of pulp-like connective tissue (vascularization and innervation), mineralized dentin-like tissue formation along the internal dentin walls, and odontoblast-like cells in contact with the internal dentin walls. The results indicate that signaling molecules play an important role in dentin/pulp regeneration. However, further studies are needed to determine a more specific subset combination of molecules to achieve greater efficiency towards the desired tissue engineering applications.
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Zhou J, Su Y, Wang SL. Progress and perspectives on cell-free regenerative endodontic therapy. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2022; 40:1-6. [PMID: 38596986 PMCID: PMC8905271 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Although teeth with pulpitis/apical periodontitis are saved after successful endodontic therapy, they are devitalized and susceptible to reinfections and fractures. The development of biology-based approaches for dental pulp regeneration or repair is possible today because of recent advances in tissue engineering and biomaterials. Cell-free regenerative endodontic therapy offers a promising strategy for the treatment of necrotic immature permanent teeth in children and adolescents. However, studies are underway to determine whether this procedure can be applied to mature teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Dept. of VIP Dental Service, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yingying Su
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Dept. of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Song-Ling Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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21
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Wang S, Niu Y, Jia P, Liao Z, Guo W, Chaves RC, Tran-Ba KH, He L, Bai H, Sia S, Kaufman LJ, Wang X, Zhou Y, Dong Y, Mao JJ. Alkaline activation of endogenous latent TGFβ1 by an injectable hydrogel directs cell homing for in situ complex tissue regeneration. Bioact Mater 2021; 15:316-329. [PMID: 35356816 PMCID: PMC8935088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilization of the body's regenerative potential for tissue repair is known as in situ tissue regeneration. However, the use of exogenous growth factors requires delicate control of the dose and delivery strategies and may be accompanied by safety, efficacy and cost concerns. In this study, we developed, for the first time, a biomaterial-based strategy to activate endogenous transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) under alkaline conditions for effective in situ tissue regeneration. We demonstrated that alkaline-activated TGFβ1 from blood serum, bone marrow fluids and soaking solutions of meniscus and tooth dentin was capable of increasing cell recruitment and early differentiation, implying its broad practicability. Furthermore, we engineered an injectable hydrogel (MS-Gel) consisting of gelatin microspheres for loading strong alkaline substances and a modified gelatin matrix for hydrogel click crosslinking. In vitro models showed that alkaline MS-Gel controllably and sustainably activated endogenous TGFβ1 from tooth dentin for robust bone marrow stem cell migration. More importantly, infusion of in vivo porcine prepared root canals with alkaline MS-Gel promoted significant pulp-dentin regeneration with neurovascular stroma and mineralized tissue by endogenous proliferative cells. Therefore, this work offers a new bench-to-beside translation strategy using biomaterial-activated endogenous biomolecules to achieve in situ tissue regeneration without the need for cell or protein delivery. Nonphysiological pH activates latent TGFβ1 in various tissue sources. Alkaline activation of endogenous TGFβ1 directs cell homing. Biomaterial-activated endogenous TGFβ1 induces regeneration of complex tissues.
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22
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Guo H, Li B, Wu M, Zhao W, He X, Sui B, Dong Z, Wang L, Shi S, Huang X, Liu X, Li Z, Guo X, Xuan K, Jin Y. Odontogenesis-related developmental microenvironment facilitates deciduous dental pulp stem cell aggregates to revitalize an avulsed tooth. Biomaterials 2021; 279:121223. [PMID: 34736149 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Harnessing developmental processes for tissue engineering represents a promising yet challenging approach to regenerative medicine. Tooth avulsion is among the most serious traumatic dental injuries, whereas functional tooth regeneration remains uncertain. Here, we established a strategy using decellularized tooth matrix (DTM) combined with human dental pulp stem cell (hDPSC) aggregates to simulate an odontogenesis-related developmental microenvironment. The bioengineered teeth reconstructed by this strategy regenerated three-dimensional pulp and periodontal tissues equipped with vasculature and innervation in a preclinical pig model after implantation into the alveolar bone. These results prompted us to enroll 15 patients with avulsed teeth after traumatic dental injuries in a pilot clinical trial. At 12 months after implantation, bioengineered teeth led to the regeneration of functional teeth, which supported continued root development, in humans. Mechanistically, exosomes derived from hDPSC aggregates mediated the tooth regeneration process by upregulating the odontogenic and angiogenic ability of hDPSCs. Our findings suggest that odontogenic microenvironment engineering by DTM and stem cell aggregates initiates functional tooth regeneration and serves as an effective treatment for tooth avulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Meiling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Wanmin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xiaoning He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Bingdong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Zhiwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Songtao Shi
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Zihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xiaohe Guo
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Kun Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
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23
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Zhou T, Rong M, Wang Z, Chu H, Chen C, Zhang J, Tian Z. Conditioned medium derived from 3D tooth germs: A novel cocktail for stem cell priming and early in vivo pulp regeneration. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13129. [PMID: 34585454 PMCID: PMC8560607 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Conditioned medium (CM) from 2D cell culture can mitigate the weakened regenerative capacity of the implanted stem cells. However, the capacity of 3D CM to prime dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) for pulp regeneration and its protein profile are still elusive. We aim to investigate the protein profile of CM derived from 3D tooth germs, and to unveil its potential for DPSCs-based pulp regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prepared CM of 3D ex vivo cultured tooth germ organs (3D TGO-CM) and CM of 2D cultured tooth germ cells (2D TGC-CM) and applied them to prime DPSCs. Influences on cell behaviours and protein profiles of CMs were compared. In vivo pulp regeneration of CMs-primed DPSCs was explored using a tooth root fragment model on nude mice. RESULTS TGO-CM enhanced DPSCs proliferation, migration, in vitro mineralization, odontogenic differentiation, and angiogenesis performances. The TGO-CM group generated superior pulp structures, more odontogenic cells attachment, and enhanced vasculature at 4 weeks post-surgery, compared with the TGC-CM group. Secretome analysis revealed that TGO-CM contained more odontogenic and angiogenic growth factors and fewer pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mechanisms leading to the differential CM profiles may be attributed to the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS The unique secretome profile of 3D TGO-CM made it a successful priming cocktail to enhance DPSCs-based early pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Zhou
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingdeng Rong
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijie Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxing Chu
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuying Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Tian
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Siddiqui Z, Sarkar B, Kim KK, Kumar A, Paul R, Mahajan A, Grasman JM, Yang J, Kumar VA. Self-assembling Peptide Hydrogels Facilitate Vascularization in Two-Component Scaffolds. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2021; 422:130145. [PMID: 34054331 PMCID: PMC8158327 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.130145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the major constraints against using polymeric scaffolds as tissue-regenerative matrices is a lack of adequate implant vascularization. Self-assembling peptide hydrogels can sequester small molecules and biological macromolecules, and they can support infiltrating cells in vivo. Here we demonstrate the ability of self-assembling peptide hydrogels to facilitate angiogenic sprouting into polymeric scaffolds after subcutaneous implantation. We constructed two-component scaffolds that incorporated microporous polymeric scaffolds and viscoelastic nanoporous peptide hydrogels. Nanofibrous hydrogels modified the biocompatibility and vascular integration of polymeric scaffolds with microscopic pores (pore diameters: 100-250 μm). In spite of similar amphiphilic sequences, charges, secondary structures, and supramolecular nanostructures, two soft hydrogels studied herein had different abilities to aid implant vascularization, but had similar levels of cellular infiltration. The functional difference of the peptide hydrogels was predicted by the difference in the bioactive moieties inserted into the primary sequences of the peptide monomers. Our study highlights the utility of soft supramolecular hydrogels to facilitate host-implant integration and control implant vascularization in biodegradable polyester scaffolds in vivo. Our study provides useful tools in designing multi-component regenerative scaffolds that recapitulate vascularized architectures of native tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Siddiqui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Biplab Sarkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ka Kyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Arjun Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Reshma Paul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Aryan Mahajan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Grasman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huck Institutes of The Life Sciences, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Vivek A. Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
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25
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Functional Dental Pulp Regeneration: Basic Research and Clinical Translation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168991. [PMID: 34445703 PMCID: PMC8396610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulpal and periapical diseases account for a large proportion of dental visits, the current treatments for which are root canal therapy (RCT) and pulp revascularisation. Despite the clinical signs of full recovery and histological reconstruction, true regeneration of pulp tissues is still far from being achieved. The goal of regenerative endodontics is to promote normal pulp function recovery in inflamed or necrotic teeth that would result in true regeneration of the pulpodentinal complex. Recently, rapid progress has been made related to tissue engineering-mediated pulp regeneration, which combines stem cells, biomaterials, and growth factors. Since the successful isolation and characterisation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and other applicable dental mesenchymal stem cells, basic research and preclinical exploration of stem cell-mediated functional pulp regeneration via cell transplantation and cell homing have received considerably more attention. Some of this effort has translated into clinical therapeutic applications, bringing a ground-breaking revolution and a new perspective to the endodontic field. In this article, we retrospectively examined the current treatment status and clinical goals of pulpal and periapical diseases and scrutinized biological studies of functional pulp regeneration with a focus on DPSCs, biomaterials, and growth factors. Then, we reviewed preclinical experiments based on various animal models and research strategies. Finally, we summarised the current challenges encountered in preclinical or clinical regenerative applications and suggested promising solutions to address these challenges to guide tissue engineering-mediated clinical translation in the future.
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26
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Xenoextracellular matrix-rosiglitazone complex-mediated immune evasion promotes xenogenic bioengineered root regeneration by altering M1/M2 macrophage polarization. Biomaterials 2021; 276:121066. [PMID: 34392099 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Xenogenic extracellular matrix (xECM)-based organ transplantation will be a promising approach to address the problem of donor shortage for allotransplantation, which has achieved great success in organ regeneration. However, current approaches to utilize xECM-based organ have limited capacity to yield the host a biofriendly microenvironment for long-term immunity homeostasis, compromising the application of these xenografts for repairing and replacing damaged tissues. As the key innate immune cells, macrophages directly determine the prognosis of xenografts in long term. However, it has not been fully elucidated that how to modulate their biological behavior for microenvironment homeostasis in tissue reconstruction. In this study, we report a robust strategy to impart an immunosuppressive surface to naturally sponge-like porous xECM scaffolds by loading rosiglitazone (RSG) to activate peroxisome proliferators receptors-γ (PPAR-γ). The resultant xECM-RSG complex, enabling RSG to be delivered sequentially and continuously to cells without obvious systemic side effects, is recognized as "self" to escape immune monitoring in local immunoregulation by downregulating the expression of proinflammatory NOS2+ M1 macrophages and oxygen species (ROS) through suppressing NF-κB expression, greatly facilitating the regeneration of enthesis anchoring between the transplanted xenograft and host in both heterotopic and orthotopic models. The newly formed bio-root is morphologically and biomechanically equivalent to native tooth root with a significant expression of odontogenic differentiation-related critical proteins. Therefore, the PPAR-γ-NF-κB axis activated by the xECM-RSG complex enables the xenografts to converse towards M2 macrophages with a modest immunosuppressive capacity for facilitating in xECM-based tissue or organ regeneration.
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Li H, Ma B, Yang H, Qiao J, Tian W, Yu R. Xenogeneic dentin matrix as a scaffold for biomineralization and induced odontogenesis. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 33902010 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abfbbe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Commonly recognized mechanisms of the xenogeneic-extracellular matrix-based regenerative medicine include timely degradation, release of bioactive molecules, induced differentiation of stem cells, and well-controlled inflammation. This process is most feasible for stromal tissue reconstruction, yet unsuitable for non-degradable scaffold and prefabricated-shaped tissue regeneration, like odontogenesis. Treated dentin matrix (TDM) has been identified as a bioactive scaffold for dentin regeneration. This study explored xenogeneic porcine TDM (pTDM) for induced odontogenesis. The biological characteristics of pTDM were compared with human TDM (hTDM). To investigate its bioinductive capacities on allogeneic dental follicle cells (DFCs) in the inflammation microenvironment, pTDM populated with human DFCs were co-cultured with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs), and pTDM populated with rat DFCs were transplanted into rat subcutaneous model. The results showed pTDM possessed similar mineral phases and bioactive molecules with hTDM. hDFCs, under the induction of pTDM and hTDM, expressed similar col-I, osteopontin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (all expressed by odontoblasts). Whereas, the expression of col-I, dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) were down-regulated when cocultured with hPBMCs. The xenogeneic implants inevitably initiated Th1 inflammation (up-regulated CD8, TNF-α, IL-1β, etc)in vivo. However, the biomineralization of pre-dentin and cementum were still processed, and collagen fibrils, odontoblast-like cells, fibroblasts contributed to odontogenesis. Although partially absorbed at 3 weeks, the implants were positively expressed odontogenesis-related-proteins like col-I and DMP-1. Taken together, xenogeneic TDM conserved ultrastructure and molecules for introducing allogeneic DFCs to odontogenic differentiation, and promoting odontogenesis and biomineralizationin vivo. Yet effective immunomodulation methods warrant further explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hefeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Qiao
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Riyue Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Siddiqui Z, Sarkar B, Kim KK, Kadincesme N, Paul R, Kumar A, Kobayashi Y, Roy A, Choudhury M, Yang J, Shimizu E, Kumar VA. Angiogenic hydrogels for dental pulp revascularization. Acta Biomater 2021. [PMID: 33689817 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.1003.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical for tissue healing and regeneration. Promoting angiogenesis in materials implanted within dental pulp after pulpectomy is a major clinical challenge in endodontics. We demonstrate the ability of acellular self-assembling peptide hydrogels to create extracellular matrix mimetic architectures that guide in vivo development of neovasculature and tissue deposition. The hydrogels possess facile injectability, as well as sequence-level functionalizability. We explore the therapeutic utility of an angiogenic hydrogel to regenerate vascularized pulp-like soft tissue in a large animal (canine) orthotopic model. The regenerated soft tissue recapitulates key features of native pulp, such as blood vessels, neural filaments, and an odontoblast-like layer next to dentinal tubules. Our study establishes angiogenic peptide hydrogels as potent scaffolds for promoting soft tissue regeneration in vivo. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A major challenge to endodontic tissue engineering is the lack of in situ angiogenesis within intracanal implants, especially after complete removal of the dental pulp. The lack of a robust vasculature in implants limit integration of matrices with the host tissue and regeneration of soft tissue. We demonstrate the development of an acellular material that promotes tissue revascularization in vivo without added growth factors, in a preclinical canine model of pulp-like soft-tissue regeneration. Such acellular biomaterials would facilitate pulp revascularization approaches in large animal models, and translation into human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Siddiqui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Biplab Sarkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ka-Kyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Nurten Kadincesme
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Reshma Paul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Arjun Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yoshifumi Kobayashi
- Department of Oral Biology, Department of Endodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Abhishek Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Marwa Choudhury
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huck Institutes of The Life Sciences, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Emi Shimizu
- Department of Oral Biology, Department of Endodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Vivek A Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Oral Biology, Department of Endodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA.
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29
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Siddiqui Z, Sarkar B, Kim KK, Kadincesme N, Paul R, Kumar A, Kobayashi Y, Roy A, Choudhury M, Yang J, Shimizu E, Kumar VA. Angiogenic hydrogels for dental pulp revascularization. Acta Biomater 2021; 126:109-118. [PMID: 33689817 PMCID: PMC8096688 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical for tissue healing and regeneration. Promoting angiogenesis in materials implanted within dental pulp after pulpectomy is a major clinical challenge in endodontics. We demonstrate the ability of acellular self-assembling peptide hydrogels to create extracellular matrix mimetic architectures that guide in vivo development of neovasculature and tissue deposition. The hydrogels possess facile injectability, as well as sequence-level functionalizability. We explore the therapeutic utility of an angiogenic hydrogel to regenerate vascularized pulp-like soft tissue in a large animal (canine) orthotopic model. The regenerated soft tissue recapitulates key features of native pulp, such as blood vessels, neural filaments, and an odontoblast-like layer next to dentinal tubules. Our study establishes angiogenic peptide hydrogels as potent scaffolds for promoting soft tissue regeneration in vivo. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A major challenge to endodontic tissue engineering is the lack of in situ angiogenesis within intracanal implants, especially after complete removal of the dental pulp. The lack of a robust vasculature in implants limit integration of matrices with the host tissue and regeneration of soft tissue. We demonstrate the development of an acellular material that promotes tissue revascularization in vivo without added growth factors, in a preclinical canine model of pulp-like soft-tissue regeneration. Such acellular biomaterials would facilitate pulp revascularization approaches in large animal models, and translation into human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Siddiqui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Biplab Sarkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ka-Kyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Nurten Kadincesme
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Reshma Paul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Arjun Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yoshifumi Kobayashi
- Department of Oral Biology, Department of Endodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Abhishek Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Marwa Choudhury
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huck Institutes of The Life Sciences, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Emi Shimizu
- Department of Oral Biology, Department of Endodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Vivek A Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Oral Biology, Department of Endodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA.
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30
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Huang X, Li Z, Liu A, Liu X, Guo H, Wu M, Yang X, Han B, Xuan K. Microenvironment Influences Odontogenic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mediated Dental Pulp Regeneration. Front Physiol 2021; 12:656588. [PMID: 33967826 PMCID: PMC8100342 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.656588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp as a source of nutrition for the whole tooth is vulnerable to trauma and bacterial invasion, which causes irreversible pulpitis and pulp necrosis. Dental pulp regeneration is a valuable method of restoring the viability of the dental pulp and even the whole tooth. Odontogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) residing in the dental pulp environment have been widely used in dental pulp regeneration because of their immense potential to regenerate pulp-like tissue. Furthermore, the regenerative abilities of odontogenic MSCs are easily affected by the microenvironment in which they reside. The natural environment of the dental pulp has been proven to be capable of regulating odontogenic MSC homeostasis, proliferation, and differentiation. Therefore, various approaches have been applied to mimic the natural dental pulp environment to optimize the efficacy of pulp regeneration. In addition, odontogenic MSC aggregates/spheroids similar to the natural dental pulp environment have been shown to regenerate well-organized dental pulp both in preclinical and clinical trials. In this review, we summarize recent progress in odontogenic MSC-mediated pulp regeneration and focus on the effect of the microenvironment surrounding odontogenic MSCs in the achievement of dental pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Anqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meiling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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A Cell-Based Approach to Dental Pulp Regeneration Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Scoping Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094357. [PMID: 33921924 PMCID: PMC8122243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent explosion of investigations on dental pulp regeneration using various tissue engineering strategies, the translation of the findings from such studies into therapeutic applications has not been properly achieved. The purpose of this scoping review was to systematically review the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for dental pulp regeneration. A literature search was conducted using five electronic databases from their inception to January 2021 and supplemented by hand searches. A total of 17 studies, including two clinical trials and 15 animal studies using orthotopic pulp regeneration models, were included for the review. The risk of bias for the individual studies was assessed. This scoping review demonstrated that the regeneration of vascularized pulp-like tissue was achieved using the stem cell transplantation strategy in animal models. Autologous cell transplantation in two clinical studies also successfully regenerated vascularized vital tissue. Dental pulp stem cell subpopulations, such as mobilized dental pulp stem cells, injectable scaffolds such as atelocollagen, and a granulocyte-colony forming factor, were the most commonly used for pulp regeneration. The overall risk of bias was unclear for animal studies and was moderate or judged to raise some concerns for clinical studies. More high-quality clinical studies are needed to further determine the safety and efficacy of the stem cell transplantation strategy for dental pulp regeneration.
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32
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Stem Cell-based Dental Pulp Regeneration: Insights From Signaling Pathways. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1251-1263. [PMID: 33459973 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Deep caries, trauma, and severe periodontitis result in pulpitis, pulp necrosis, and eventually pulp loss. However, no clinical therapy can regenerate lost pulp. A novel pulp regeneration strategy for clinical application is urgently needed. Signaling transduction plays an essential role in regulating the regenerative potentials of dental stem cells. Cytokines or growth factors, such as stromal cell-derived factor (SDF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), WNT, can promote the migration, proliferation, odontogenic differentiation, pro-angiogenesis, and pro-neurogenesis potentials of dental stem cells respectively. Using the methods of signaling modulation including growth factors delivery, genetic modification, and physical stimulation has been applied in multiple preclinical studies of pulp regeneration based on cell transplantation or cell homing. Transplanting dental stem cells and growth factors encapsulated into scaffold regenerated vascularized pulp-like tissue in the root canal. Also, injecting a flowable scaffold only with chemokines recruited endogenous stem/progenitor cells for pulp regeneration. Notably, dental pulp regeneration has gradually developed into the clinical phase. These findings enlightened us on a novel strategy for structural and functional pulp regeneration through elaborate modulation of signaling transduction spatially and temporally via clinically applicable growth factors delivery. But challenges, such as the adverse effects of unphysiological signaling activation, the controlled drug release system, and the safety of gene modulation, are necessary to be tested in future works for promoting the clinical translation of pulp regeneration.
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33
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Dai X, Lian X, Wang G, Shang J, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Lei H, Yan Y, Wang Y, Zou H. Mapping the amelogenin protein expression during porcine molar crown development. Ann Anat 2021; 234:151665. [PMID: 33400984 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amelogenin (AMEL) plays critical roles during enamel and dentin matrix deposition and mineralization. Most studies focused on the expression patterns of AMEL through the bud, cap, and bell stages. The spatial-temporal expression of AMEL protein during different mineralization stages, especially from presence of crypts to crown completed stages, remains unknown. Thus, the distribution pattern of AMEL in tooth crown formation from Nolla Stage 1 to 6 was investigated. METHODS Porcine mandibular molar tooth germs from Nolla Stage 1 to 6 were obtained. The dynamic morphologic changes of tooth germs were examined by X-ray and surgical operating microscope. The AMEL protein expression was evaluated immunohistochemically, then analyzed semi-quantitatively, and further visualized via heat map. RESULTS Tooth germs continuously increased in size from Nolla Stage 1 to 6. AMEL expression in the newly formed enamel kept negative, but presented intensively positive in the previously formed enamel from Stage 1 to 3. The adjacent enamel-dentin junction (EDJ) was strongly positive during the whole process. In predentin, AMEL was weakly seen at Stage 1 and then dramatically up-regulated from Stage 2 to Stage 3, then down-regulated but was still apparently seen in the whole process. AMEL expression in dentin was decreased during dentin matrix secretion and mineralization. CONCLUSIONS This study identified the dynamic distribution of AMEL during porcine tooth crown formation. Semi-quantitative analysis and heat map emerged as reliable indicators in demonstrating AMEL distribution pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Xiaoli Lian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Guanhua Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Jianwei Shang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China; Department of Oral Pathology, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Qingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Han Lei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Huiru Zou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China.
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Exploiting teeth as a model to study basic features of signaling pathways. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:2729-2742. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20200514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Teeth constitute a classical model for the study of signaling pathways and their roles in mediating interactions between cells and tissues in organ development, homeostasis and regeneration. Rodent teeth are mostly used as experimental models. Rodent molars have proved fundamental in the study of epithelial–mesenchymal interactions and embryonic organ morphogenesis, as well as to faithfully model human diseases affecting dental tissues. The continuously growing rodent incisor is an excellent tool for the investigation of the mechanisms regulating stem cells dynamics in homeostasis and regeneration. In this review, we discuss the use of teeth as a model to investigate signaling pathways, providing an overview of the many unique experimental approaches offered by this organ. We discuss how complex networks of signaling pathways modulate the various aspects of tooth biology, and the models used to obtain this knowledge. Finally, we introduce new experimental approaches that allow the study of more complex interactions, such as the crosstalk between dental tissues, innervation and vascularization.
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35
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Fischer NG, Münchow EA, Tamerler C, Bottino MC, Aparicio C. Harnessing biomolecules for bioinspired dental biomaterials. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:8713-8747. [PMID: 32747882 PMCID: PMC7544669 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01456g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dental clinicians have relied for centuries on traditional dental materials (polymers, ceramics, metals, and composites) to restore oral health and function to patients. Clinical outcomes for many crucial dental therapies remain poor despite many decades of intense research on these materials. Recent attention has been paid to biomolecules as a chassis for engineered preventive, restorative, and regenerative approaches in dentistry. Indeed, biomolecules represent a uniquely versatile and precise tool to enable the design and development of bioinspired multifunctional dental materials to spur advancements in dentistry. In this review, we survey the range of biomolecules that have been used across dental biomaterials. Our particular focus is on the key biological activity imparted by each biomolecule toward prevention of dental and oral diseases as well as restoration of oral health. Additional emphasis is placed on the structure-function relationships between biomolecules and their biological activity, the unique challenges of each clinical condition, limitations of conventional therapies, and the advantages of each class of biomolecule for said challenge. Biomaterials for bone regeneration are not reviewed as numerous existing reviews on the topic have been recently published. We conclude our narrative review with an outlook on the future of biomolecules in dental biomaterials and potential avenues of innovation for biomaterial-based patient oral care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Fischer
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, 16-250A Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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Li H, Sun J, Yang H, Han X, Luo X, Liao L, Yang B, Zhu T, Huo F, Guo W, Tian W. Recruited CD68 +CD206 + macrophages orchestrate graft immune tolerance to prompt xenogeneic-dentin matrix-based tooth root regeneration. Bioact Mater 2020; 6:1051-1072. [PMID: 33102946 PMCID: PMC7567936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful regenerative medicine strategies of xenogeneic extracellular matrix need a synergistic balance among inflammation, fibrosis, and remodeling process. Adaptive macrophage subsets have been identified to modulate inflammation and orchestrate the repair of neighboring parenchymal tissues. This study fabricated PPARγ-primed CD68+CD206+ M2 phenotype (M2γ), and firstly verified their anti-inflammatory and tissue-regenerating roles in xenogeneic bioengineered organ regeneration. Our results showed that Th1-type CD3+CD8+ T cell response to xenogeneic-dentin matrix-based bioengineered root complex (xeno-complex) was significantly inhibited by M2γ macrophage in vitro. PPARγ activation also timely recruited CD68+CD206+ tissue macrophage polarization to xeno-complex in vivo. These subsets alleviated proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ) at the inflammation site and decreased CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes in the periphery system. When translated to an orthotopic nonhuman primate model, PPARγ-primed M2 macrophages immunosuppressed IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MMPs to enable xeno-complex to effectively escape immune-mediated rejection and initiate graft-host synergistic integrity. These collective activities promoted the differentiation of odontoblast-like and periodontal-like cells to guide pulp-dentin and cementum-PDLs-bone regeneration and rescued partially injured odontogenesis such as DSPP and periostin expression. Finally, the regenerated root showed structure-biomechanical and functional equivalency to the native tooth. The timely conversion of M1-to-M2 macrophage mainly orchestrated odontogenesis, fibrogenesis, and osteogenesis, which represents a potential modulator for intact parenchymal-stromal tissue regeneration of targeted organs. Alternative polarized M2 macrophage could perform anti-inflammatory effects to inhibit xenogeneic host-to-graft rejection. A model of bioengineered tooth root regeneration was used to study parenchymal/hard and stromal/soft tissues regeneration. PPARγ-primed M2 macrophage orchestrated graft immune tolerance to prompt odontogenesis, fibrogenesis, and osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Stomatology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hefeng Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xue Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangyou Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - LiJun Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangjun Huo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhang M, Zhang X, Luo J, Yan R, Niibe K, Egusa H, Zhang Z, Xie M, Jiang X. Investigate the Odontogenic Differentiation and Dentin-Pulp Tissue Regeneration Potential of Neural Crest Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:475. [PMID: 32582651 PMCID: PMC7290043 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based developmental engineering has been considered as a promising strategy for tissue/organ regeneration. Tooth is formed by sequential reciprocal interactions between epithelium derived from surface ectoderm and mesenchymal cells derived from cranial neural crest. The neural crest cell is an appealing cell source for tooth development and regeneration research. In this study, we investigated the odontogenic differentiation and dentin-pulp complex regeneration potential of neural crest cells. Our results showed that neural crest cells (O9-1 mouse cranial neural crest cell line) can sequentially differentiate into dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (DMP-1)-positive odontoblasts within a developing tooth germ in vitro. Moreover, O9-1 cells and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural crest-like cells (iNCLCs) can form well-organized vascularized dentin-pulp complex when transplanted in vivo with tooth scaffold. Furthermore, both O9-1 cells and iNCLCs can be differentiated into odontoblast-like cells, positive staining with odontogenic-related markers DMP-1 and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), under odontogenic induction with the administration of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4). These results demonstrated that neural crest cells, especially the unlimited iNCLCs, are a promising cell source for tooth development and dental tissue/tooth organ regeneration studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, School of Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxin Luo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Yan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunimichi Niibe
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, School of Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xie
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Gao Y, Li Z, Hong Y, Li T, Hu X, Sun L, Chen Z, Chen Z, Luo Z, Wang X, Kong J, Li G, Wang HL, Leo HL, Yu H, Xi L, Guo Q. Decellularized liver as a translucent ex vivo model for vascular embolization evaluation. Biomaterials 2020; 240:119855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Zhang S, Yang Y, Jia S, Chen H, Duan Y, Li X, Wang S, Wang T, Lyu Y, Chen G, Tian W. Exosome-like vesicles derived from Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cells promote the regeneration of dentin-pulp tissue. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:5914-5931. [PMID: 32483427 PMCID: PMC7254987 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The formation of dentin-pulp involves complex epithelial-mesenchymal interactions between Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cells (HERS) and dental papilla cells (DPCs). Earlier studies have identified some of the regulatory molecules participating in the crosstalk between HERS and DPCs and the formation of dentin-pulp. In the present study we focused on the role of HERS-secreted exosomes in DPCs and the formation of dentin-pulp. Specifically, we hypothesized that exosome-like vesicles (ELVs) might mediate the function of HERS and trigger lineage-specific differentiation of dental mesenchymal cells. To test our hypothesis, we evaluated the potential of ELVs derived from a HERS cell line (ELVs-H1) in inducing in vitro and in vivo differentiation of DPCs. Methods: ELVs-H1 were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The proliferation, migration, and odontoblast differentiation of DPCs after treatment with ELVs-H1, was detected by CCK8, transwell, ALP, and mineralization assays, respectively. Real time PCR and western blotting were used to detect gene and protein expression. For in vivo studies, DPC cells were mixed with collagen gel combined with or without ELVs and transplanted into the renal capsule of rats or subcutaneously into nude mice. HE staining and immunostaining were used to verify the regeneration of dentin-pulp and expression of odontoblast differentiation markers. Results: ELVs-H1 promoted the migration and proliferation of DPCs and also induced odontogenic differentiation and activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. ELVs-H1 also contributed to tube formation and neural differentiation in vitro. In addition, ELVs-H1 attached to the collagen gel, and were slowly released and endocytosed by DPCs, enhancing cell survival. ELVs-H1 together with DPCs triggered regeneration of dental pulp-dentin like tissue comprised of hard (reparative dentin-like tissue) and soft (blood vessels and neurons) tissue, in an in vivo tooth root slice model. Conclusion: Our data highlighted the potential of ELVs-H1 as biomimetic tools in providing a microenvironment for specific differentiation of dental mesenchymal stem cells. From a developmental perspective, these vesicles might be considered as novel mediators facilitating the epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk. Their instructive potency might be exploited for the regeneration of dental pulp-dentin tissues.
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Shi X, Mao J, Liu Y. Pulp stem cells derived from human permanent and deciduous teeth: Biological characteristics and therapeutic applications. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:445-464. [PMID: 31943813 PMCID: PMC7103623 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pulp stem cells (PSCs) include dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) isolated from dental pulp tissues of human extracted permanent teeth and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Depending on their multipotency and sensitivity to local paracrine activity, DPSCs and SHED exert therapeutic applications at multiple levels beyond the scope of the stomatognathic system. This review is specifically concentrated on PSC-updated biological characteristics and their promising therapeutic applications in (pre)clinical practice. Biologically, distinguished from conventional mesenchymal stem cell markers in vitro, NG2, Gli1, and Celsr1 have been evidenced as PSC markers in vivo. Both perivascular cells and glial cells account for PSC origin. Therapeutically, endodontic regeneration is where PSCs hold the most promises, attributable of PSCs' robust angiogenic, neurogenic, and odontogenic capabilities. More recently, the interplay between cell homing and liberated growth factors from dentin matrix has endowed a novel approach for pulp-dentin complex regeneration. In addition, PSC transplantation for extraoral tissue repair and regeneration has achieved immense progress, following their multipotential differentiation and paracrine mechanism. Accordingly, PSC banking is undergoing extensively with the intent of advancing tissue engineering, disease remodeling, and (pre)clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jing Mao
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijingPeople's Republic of China
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Gao X, Qin W, Chen L, Fan W, Ma T, Schneider A, Yang M, Obianom ON, Chen J, Weir MD, Shu Y, Zhao L, Lin Z, Xu HHK. Effects of Targeted Delivery of Metformin and Dental Pulp Stem Cells on Osteogenesis via Demineralized Dentin Matrix under High Glucose Conditions. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:2346-2356. [PMID: 33455311 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
High glucose condition inhibited osteoblast differentiation could be a main mechanism contributing to the decreased bone repair associated with diabetes. Metformin, a widely prescribed antidiabetic drug, was shown to have osteogenic properties in our previous study. Transplanted mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may differentiate into osteoblasts and promote bone regeneration. Our study aimed to combine the benefits of metformin and MSCs transplantation on osteogenesis in high glucose conditions. We developed demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) as a carrier to target deliver metformin and dental pulp-derived MSCs (DPSCs). We collected clinically discarded teeth, isolated DPSCs from the dental pulp, and prepared the DDM from the dentin. The DDM was observed by scanning electron microscopy and was found to have well-distributed tubes. Then, metformin was loaded into the DDM to form the DDM-Met complex (DDM-Met); DDM-Met released metformin at a favorable concentration. The DPSCs seeded with the DDM-Met in a high glucose medium showed satisfactory attachment and viability together with increased mineralization and upregulated osteogenesis-related genes, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and osteopontin (OPN). A possible mechanism of the enhanced osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs was explored, and the adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway was found to play a role in the enhancement of osteogenesis. DDM-Met appeared to be a successful metformin and DPSC carrier that allowed for the local delivery of metformin and DPSCs in high glucose conditions. DDM-Met-DPSC construct has promising prospects to promote osteogenesis and enhance the much-needed diabetic bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianling Gao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, P. R. China.,Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Wei Qin
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, P. R. China.,Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Lingling Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, P. R. China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, P. R. China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Abraham Schneider
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Mengyao Yang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, P. R. China
| | - Obinna N Obianom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Jiayao Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, P. R. China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zhengmei Lin
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, P. R. China
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States.,Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Millar
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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43
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Chen Y, Lee K, Kawazoe N, Yang Y, Chen G. PLGA–collagen–ECM hybrid scaffolds functionalized with biomimetic extracellular matrices secreted by mesenchymal stem cells during stepwise osteogenesis-co-adipogenesis. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:7195-7206. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01959f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Development of an in vitro 3D model that reflects the dynamic remodeling of ECMs during simultaneous osteogenesis and adipogenesis of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Chen
- Research Center of Functional Materials
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Tsukuba
- Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Kyubae Lee
- Research Center of Functional Materials
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Tsukuba
- Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Naoki Kawazoe
- Research Center of Functional Materials
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Yingnan Yang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Guoping Chen
- Research Center of Functional Materials
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Tsukuba
- Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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