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Zhang C, Yu J, Cui Y, Lv Y, Zhang Y, Gao T, He Y, Chen X, Li T, Lin T, Mi Q, Yu Y, Liu W. An electron-blocking interface for garnet-based quasi-solid-state lithium-metal batteries to improve lifespan. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5325. [PMID: 38909045 PMCID: PMC11193789 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Garnet oxide is one of the most promising solid electrolytes for solid-state lithium metal batteries. However, the traditional interface modification layers cannot completely block electron migrating from the current collector to the interior of the solid-state electrolyte, which promotes the penetration of lithium dendrites. In this work, a highly electron-blocking interlayer composed of potassium fluoride (KF) is deposited on garnet oxide Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO). After reacting with melted lithium metal, KF in-situ transforms to KF/LiF interlayer, which can block the electron leakage and inhibit lithium dendrite growth. The Li symmetric cells using the interlayer show a long cycle life of ~3000 hours at 0.2 mA cm-2 and over 350 hours at 0.5 mA cm-2 respectively. Moreover, an ionic liquid of LiTFSI in C4mim-TFSI is screened to wet the LLZTO|LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM) positive electrode interfaces. The Li|KF-LLZTO | NCM cells present a specific capacity of 109.3 mAh g-1, long lifespan of 3500 cycles and capacity retention of 72.5% at 25 °C and 2 C (380 mA g-1) with an average coulombic efficiency of 99.99%. This work provides a simple and integrated strategy on high-performance quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiameng Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yinjie Lv
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Gao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxi He
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study (ZIAS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianquan Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study (ZIAS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Qixi Mi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Lv R, Luo C, Liu B, Hu K, Wang K, Zheng L, Guo Y, Du J, Li L, Wu F, Chen R. Unveiling Confinement Engineering for Achieving High-Performance Rechargeable Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400508. [PMID: 38452342 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The confinement effect, restricting materials within nano/sub-nano spaces, has emerged as an innovative approach for fundamental research in diverse application fields, including chemical engineering, membrane separation, and catalysis. This confinement principle recently presents fresh perspectives on addressing critical challenges in rechargeable batteries. Within spatial confinement, novel microstructures and physiochemical properties have been raised to promote the battery performance. Nevertheless, few clear definitions and specific reviews are available to offer a comprehensive understanding and guide for utilizing the confinement effect in batteries. This review aims to fill this gap by primarily summarizing the categorization of confinement effects across various scales and dimensions within battery systems. Subsequently, the strategic design of confinement environments is proposed to address existing challenges in rechargeable batteries. These solutions involve the manipulation of the physicochemical properties of electrolytes, the regulation of electrochemical activity, and stability of electrodes, and insights into ion transfer mechanisms. Furthermore, specific perspectives are provided to deepen the foundational understanding of the confinement effect for achieving high-performance rechargeable batteries. Overall, this review emphasizes the transformative potential of confinement effects in tailoring the microstructure and physiochemical properties of electrode materials, highlighting their crucial role in designing novel energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chong Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
| | - Bingran Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Kaikai Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Longhong Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yafei Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiahao Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
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3
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Zhai W, Zhang Y, Shi H, Hu X, Hao R, Liu W, Yu Y. Quantifying the Growth Kinetics of Lithium Metal Reduced from Solid Ionic Conductors. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14095-14104. [PMID: 38718380 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Investigating the growth kinetics of Li metal in solid-state batteries is crucial to both a fundamental understanding and practical application. Here, by directly observing the formation of Li metal from Ta-doped Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) in a transmission electron microscope, the growth kinetics is analyzed quantitatively. The growth kinetics of Li deposits shows a cubic-curve characteristic for LLZTO with Li-source-free. Instead, a linear growth process is observed with Li-source supplied. The impact of the illuminating electron dose rate on the growth kinetics is clarified, indicating that even low dose rates (1-3 e-/Å2/s) could affect Li growth, highlighting the significance of controlling dose rates. Furthermore, a new pathway for the formation of Li metal from Li-containing materials utilizing the field-emission effect is reported. This work has implications on the failure mechanism in solid batteries by using limited Li anodes and opens pathways for regulating Li growth in LLZTO at various scenarios, which can also extend to other ionic conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhai
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hongsheng Shi
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiangchen Hu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ruixin Hao
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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4
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Zhai L, Wang J, Zhang X, Zhou X, Jiang F, Li L, Sun J. Interface engineering of Li 6.75La 3Zr 1.75Ta 0.25O 12via in situ built LiI/ZnLi x mixed buffer layer for solid-state lithium metal batteries. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7144-7149. [PMID: 38756800 PMCID: PMC11095377 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00786g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Garnet-type solid-state Li metal batteries (SSLMBs) are viewed as hopeful next-generation batteries due to their high energy density and safety. However, the major obstacle to the development of garnet-type SSLMBs is the lithiophobicity of Li6.75La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12 (LLZTO), resulting in a large interfacial impedance. Herein, a LiI/ZnLix mixed ion/electron conductive buffer layer is constructed at the interface by an in situ reaction of molten Li metal with ZnI2 film. This mixed buffer layer ensures close contact between the Li metal and garnet, significantly reducing interfacial impedance. As a result, the Li symmetrical cell with the LiI/ZnLix buffer layer shows an interface impedance of 10.3 Ω cm2, much lower than that of the cell with bare LLZTO (1173.4 Ω cm2). The critical current density (CCD) is up to 2.3 mA cm-2, and the symmetric cells present a long cycle life of 2000 h at 0.1 mA cm-2 and 800 h at 1.0 mA cm-2. In addition, the full cells assembled with the LiFePO4 cathode show a capacity of 143.9 mA h g-1 after 200 cycles at 0.5C with a low-capacity decay of 0.021% per cycle. This work reveals a simple, feasible, and practical interface modification strategy for solid-state Li metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhai
- School of Environment and Material Engineering, Yantai University Yantai 264005 Shandong China
| | - Jinhuan Wang
- School of Environment and Material Engineering, Yantai University Yantai 264005 Shandong China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- School of Environment and Material Engineering, Yantai University Yantai 264005 Shandong China
| | - Xunzhu Zhou
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Fuyi Jiang
- School of Environment and Material Engineering, Yantai University Yantai 264005 Shandong China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Jianchao Sun
- School of Environment and Material Engineering, Yantai University Yantai 264005 Shandong China
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5
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Luo J, Huang Z, Wang L, Gu Z, Zhao R. In-Situ Formed Electron Inhibitor Enabling Dendrite-free Garnet Electrolytes: A Case Study of Fumed Silica. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304252. [PMID: 38369896 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Ta-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZTO) solid-state electrolytes (SEs) show great promise for solid-state batteries due to its high conductivity and safety. However, one of the challenges it faces is lithium dendrite propagation upon long-term cycling. To address this issue, we propose the incorporation of fumed silica (FS) at the grain boundaries of LLZTO to modify the properties of the garnet pellet, which effectively inhibits the dendrite growth. The introduction of FS has demonstrated several beneficial effects. Firstly, it reduces the migration barrier of lithium ions, which helps prevent dendrite formation and propagation. Additionally, FS reduces the electronic conductivity of the SEs pellet, suppressing the dendrite formation. Moreover, the formed lithium silicates from FS might also be acted as electron inhibitor, thus inhibiting the lithium dendrite growth upon cycling. By investigating the use of FS as a modifier in LLZTO-based electrolytes, our study contributes to advancing dendrite-free solid-state electrolytes and thus the development of high-performance all-solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchuan Luo
- School of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 350108, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhixian Huang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liuyang Wang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhigang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ruirui Zhao
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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6
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Zhou X, Liu J, Ouyang Z, Liu F, Zhang Z, Lai Y, Li J, Jiang L. In-Situ Construction of Electronically Insulating and Air-Stable Ionic Conductor Layer on Electrolyte Surface and Grain Boundary to Enable High-Performance Garnet-Type Solid-State Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402086. [PMID: 38607305 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Lithophobic Li2CO3/LiOH contaminants and high-resistance lithium-deficient phases produced from the exposure of garnet electrolyte to air leads to a decrease in electrolyte ion transfer ability. Additionally, garnet electrolyte grain boundaries (GBs) with narrow bandgap and high electron conductivity are potential channels for current leakage, which accelerate Li dendrites generation, ultimately leading to short-circuiting of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). Herein, a stably lithiophilic Li2ZO3 is in situ constructed at garnet electrolyte surface and GBs by interfacial modification with ZrO2 and Li2CO3 (Z+C) co-sintering to eliminate the detrimental contaminants and lithium-deficient phases. The Li2ZO3 formed on the modified electrolyte (LLZTO-(Z+C)) surface effectively improves the interfacial compatibility and air stability of the electrolyte. Li2ZO3 formed at GBs broadens the energy bandgaps of LLZTO-(Z+C) and significantly inhibits lithium dendrite generation. More Li+ transport paths found in LLZTO-Z+C by first-principles calculations increase Li+ conductivity from 1.04×10-4 to 7.45×10-4 S cm-1. Eventually, the Li|LLZTO-(Z+C)|Li symmetric cell maintains stable cycling for over 2000 h at 0.8 mA cm-2. The capacity retention of LiFePO4|LLZTO-(Z+C)|Li battery retains 70.5% after 5800 ultralong cycles at 4 C. This work provides a potential solution to simultaneously enhance the air stability and modulate chemical characteristics of the garnet electrolyte surface and GBs for ASSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhou
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, National Energy Metal Resources and New Materials Key Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jin Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, National Energy Metal Resources and New Materials Key Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zejian Ouyang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, National Energy Metal Resources and New Materials Key Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Fangyang Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, National Energy Metal Resources and New Materials Key Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zongliang Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, National Energy Metal Resources and New Materials Key Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yanqing Lai
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, National Energy Metal Resources and New Materials Key Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, National Energy Metal Resources and New Materials Key Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Liangxing Jiang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, National Energy Metal Resources and New Materials Key Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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7
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Zhu Y, Kennedy ER, Yasar B, Paik H, Zhang Y, Hood ZD, Scott M, Rupp JLM. Uncovering the Network Modifier for Highly Disordered Amorphous Li-Garnet Glass-Ceramics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2302438. [PMID: 38289273 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Highly disordered amorphous Li7La3Zr2O12 (aLLZO) is a promising class of electrolyte separators and protective layers for hybrid or all-solid-state batteries due to its grain-boundary-free nature and wide electrochemical stability window. Unlike low-entropy ionic glasses such as LixPOyNz (LiPON), these medium-entropy non-Zachariasen aLLZO phases offer a higher number of stable structure arrangements over a wide range of tunable synthesis temperatures, providing the potential to tune the LBU-Li+ transport relation. It is revealed that lanthanum is the active "network modifier" for this new class of highly disordered Li+ conductors, whereas zirconium and lithium serve as "network formers". Specifically, within the solubility limit of La in aLLZO, increasing the La concentration can result in longer bond distances between the first nearest neighbors of Zr─O and La─O within the same local building unit (LBU) and the second nearest neighbors of Zr─La across two adjacent network-former and network-modifier LBUs, suggesting a more disordered medium- and long-range order structure in LLZO. These findings open new avenues for future designs of amorphous Li+ electrolytes and the selection of network-modifier dopants. Moreover, the wide yet relatively low synthesis temperatures of these glass-ceramics make them attractive candidates for low-cost and more sustainable hybrid- or all-solid-state batteries for energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntong Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ellis R Kennedy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Bengisu Yasar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Haemin Paik
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yaqian Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Zachary D Hood
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Applied Materials Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Mary Scott
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jennifer L M Rupp
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- TUMint. Energy Research GmbH, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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8
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Feng W, Zhao Y, Xia Y. Solid Interfaces for the Garnet Electrolytes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306111. [PMID: 38216304 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) have attracted extensive interests due to the advantages in developing secondary batteries with high energy density and outstanding safety. Possessing high ionic conductivity and the lowest reduction potential among the state-of-the-art SSEs, the garnet type SSE is one of the most promising candidates to achieve high performance solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs). However, the elastic modulus of the garnet electrolyte leads to deteriorated interfacial contacts, and the increasing in electronic conduction at either anode/garnet interface or grain boundary results in Li dendrite growth. Here, recent developments of the solid interfaces for the garnet electrolytes, including the strategies of Li dendrite suppression and interfacial chemical/electrochemical/mechanical stabilizations are presented. A new viewpoint of the double edges of interfacial lithiophobicity is proposed, and the rational design of the interphases, as well as effective stacking methods of the garnet-based SSLBs are summarized. Moreover, practical roles of the garnet electrolyte in SSLB industry are also discussed. This work delivers insights into the solid interfaces for the garnet electrolytes, which provides not only the promotion of the garnet-based SSLBs, but also a comprehensive understanding of the interfacial stabilization for the whole SSE family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuliang Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- College of Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- College of Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yongyao Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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9
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Lu W, Jiang H, Wei Z, Chen N, Wang Y, Zhang D, Du F. Concentration-Driven Interfacial Amorphization toward Highly Stable and High-Rate Zn Metal Batteries. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2337-2344. [PMID: 38341874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The interfacial structure holds great promise in suppressing dendrite growth and parasitic reactions of zinc metal in aqueous media. Current advancements prioritize novel component fabrication, yet the local crystal structure significantly impacts the interfacial properties. In addition, there is still a critical need for scalable synthesis methods for expediting the commercialization of aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs). Herein, we propose a scalable concentration-controlled method for realizing crystalline to amorphous transformation of the Zn metal interface with exceptional scalability (>1 m2) and processing consistency (>30 trials). Theoretical and experimental analyses highlight the advantages of amorphous ZnO, which exhibits moderate adsorption energy, strong desolvation ability, and hydrophilicity. Employing the amorphous ZnO-coated zinc metal anode (AZO-Zn) significantly enhances the cycling performance, impressively maintaining 1000 cycles at 100 mA cm-2. The prototype AZO-Zn||MnO2@CNT pouch cell demonstrates a capacity of 15.7 mAh and maintains 91% of its highest capacity over 100 cycles, presenting promising avenues for the future commercialization of AZMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Heng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhixuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Nan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Fei Du
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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10
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Cao T, Xu R, Cheng X, Wang M, Sun T, Lu J, Liu X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Chemomechanical Origins of the Dynamic Evolution of Isolated Li Filaments in Inorganic Solid-State Electrolytes. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1843-1850. [PMID: 38316029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The penetrating growth of Li into the inorganic solid-state electrolyte (SSE) is one key factor limiting its practical application. Research to understand the underlying mechanism of Li penetration has been ongoing for years and is continuing. Here, we report an in situ scanning electron microscopy methodology to investigate the dynamic behaviors of isolated Li filaments in the garnet SSE under practical cycling conditions. We find that the filaments tend to grow in the SSE, while surprisingly, those filaments can self-dissolve with a decrease in the current density without a reversal of the current direction. We further build a coupled electro-chemo-mechanical model to assess the interplay between electrochemistry and mechanics during the dynamic evolution of filaments. We reveal that filament growth is strongly regulated by the competition between the electrochemical driving force and mechanical resistive force. The numerical results provide rational guidance for the design of solid-state batteries with excellent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Cao
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Rong Xu
- State Key Lab for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiaopeng Cheng
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Junxia Lu
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xianqiang Liu
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yuefei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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11
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Wei Y, Li Z, Chen Z, Gao P, Ma Q, Gao M, Yan C, Chen J, Wu Z, Jiang Y, Yu X, Zhang X, Liu Y, Yang Y, Gao M, Sun W, Pan H. Polymeric Electronic Shielding Layer Enabling Superior Dendrite Suppression for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38334290 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
LiBH4 is one of the most promising candidates for use in all-solid-state lithium batteries. However, the main challenges of LiBH4 are the poor Li-ion conductivity at room temperature, excessive dendrite formation, and the narrow voltage window, which hamper practical application. Herein, we fabricate a flexible polymeric electronic shielding layer on the particle surfaces of LiBH4. The electronic conductivity of the primary LiBH4 is reduced by 2 orders of magnitude, to 1.15 × 10-9 S cm-1 at 25 °C, due to the high electron affinity of the electronic shielding layer; this localizes the electrons around the BH4- anions, which eliminates electronic leakage from the anionic framework and leads to a 68-fold higher critical electrical bias for dendrite growth on the particle surfaces. Contrary to the previously reported work, the shielding layer also ensures fast Li-ion conduction due to the fast-rotational dynamics of the BH4- species and the high Li-ion (carrier) concentration on the particle surfaces. In addition, the flexibility of the layer guarantees its structural integrity during Li plating and stripping. Therefore, our LiBH4-based solid-state electrolyte exhibits a high critical current density (11.43 mA cm-2) and long cycling stability of 5000 h (5.70 mA cm-2) at 25 °C. More importantly, the electrolyte had a wide operational temperature window (-30-150 °C). We believe that our findings provide a perspective with which to avoid dendrite formation in hydride solid-state electrolytes and provide high-performance all-solid-state lithium batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Wei
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhenglong Li
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zichong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Panyu Gao
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qihang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Mingxi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chenhui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yinzhu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xuebin Yu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yaxiong Yang
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Mingxia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wenping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hongge Pan
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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12
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Guo J, Chan CK. Lithium Dendrite Propagation in Ta-Doped Li 7La 3Zr 2O 12 (LLZTO): Comparison of Reactively Sintered Pyrochlore-to-Garnet vs LLZTO by Solid-State Reaction and Conventional Sintering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:4519-4529. [PMID: 38233079 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Ta-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZTO) garnet is a promising Li-ion-conducting ceramic electrolyte for solid-state batteries. However, it is still challenging to use LLZTO in Li metal batteries operating at high current densities because of the tendency for Li metal to nucleate and propagate along the grain boundaries. In this study, we carry out a detailed investigation to elucidate the effect of microstructure and grain size on the electrochemical properties and short circuit behavior in LLZTO. Pellets were prepared using reactive sintering from pyrochlore precursors (a method called pyrochlore-to-garnet, P2G) and compared with LLZTO synthesized using solid-state reaction (SSR) followed by conventional pressureless sintering. Both preparation methods were controlled to keep the phase and elemental composition, ionic and electronic conductivity, relative density, and area-specific resistance of the pellets constant. Reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm that both types of LLZTO have similar band gaps and chemical states. Microstructure analysis shows that the P2G method results in LLZTO with an average grain size of around 3 μm, which is much smaller than the grain sizes (as large as 20 μm) seen in SSR LLZTO. Galvanostatic Li stripping/plating and linear sweep voltammetry measurements show that P2G LLZTO can withstand higher critical current densities (up to 0.4 mA/cm2 in bidirectional cycling and >1 mA/cm2 for unidirectional) than those seen in SSR LLZTO. Post-mortem examination reveals much less Li deposition along the grain boundaries of P2G LLZTO, particularly in the bulk of the pellet, compared to SSR LLZTO after cycling. The improved cycling behavior in P2G LLZTO despite the higher grain boundary area could be from more homogeneous current density at the interfaces and different grain boundary properties arising from the liquid-phase, reactive sintering method. These results suggest that the effect of grain size on Li dendrite propagation in LLZO may be highly dependent on the synthesis and sintering method employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhao Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 876106, Tempe, Arizona 85827, United States
| | - Candace K Chan
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 876106, Tempe, Arizona 85827, United States
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13
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Luo L, Sun Z, You Y, Han X, Lan C, Pei S, Su P, Zhang Z, Li Y, Xu S, Guo S, Lin D, Lin G, Li C, Huang W, Wu S, Wang MS, Chen S. Solid-State Lithium Batteries with Ultrastable Cyclability: An Internal-External Modification Strategy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2917-2927. [PMID: 38221729 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
A commonly used strategy to tackle the unstable interfacial problem between Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) and lithium (Li) is to introduce an interlayer. However, this strategy has a limited effect on stabilizing LATP during long-term cycling or under high current density, which is due in part to the negative impact of its internal defects (e.g., gaps between grains (GBs)) that are usually neglected. Here, control experiments and theoretical calculations show clearly that the GBs of LATP have higher electronic conductivity, which significantly accelerates its side reactions with Li. Thus, a simple LiCl solution immersion method is demonstrated to modify the GBs and their electronic states, thereby stabilizing LATP. In addition to LiCl filling, composite solid polymer electrolyte (CSPE) interlayering is concurrently introduced at the Li/LATP interface to realize the internal-external dual modifications for LATP. As a result, electron leakage in LATP can be strictly inhibited from its interior (by LiCl) and exterior (by CSPE), and such dual modifications can well protect the Li/LATP interface from side reactions and Li dendrite penetration. Notably, thus-modified Li symmetrical cells can achieve ultrastable cycling for more than 3500 h at 0.4 mA cm-2 and 1500 h at 0.6 mA cm-2, among the best cycling performance to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linshan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Condensed Matter Physics (Department of Education of Fujian Province), College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhefei Sun
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yiwei You
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Condensed Matter Physics (Department of Education of Fujian Province), College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiang Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chaofei Lan
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Condensed Matter Physics (Department of Education of Fujian Province), College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shanpeng Pei
- Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Corp, Ltd., Jinan 250013, China
| | - Pengfei Su
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Condensed Matter Physics (Department of Education of Fujian Province), College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Condensed Matter Physics (Department of Education of Fujian Province), College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yahui Li
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Condensed Matter Physics (Department of Education of Fujian Province), College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shaowen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Condensed Matter Physics (Department of Education of Fujian Province), College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shengshi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Condensed Matter Physics (Department of Education of Fujian Province), College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Dingqu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Condensed Matter Physics (Department of Education of Fujian Province), College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Guangyang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Condensed Matter Physics (Department of Education of Fujian Province), College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Condensed Matter Physics (Department of Education of Fujian Province), College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Condensed Matter Physics (Department of Education of Fujian Province), College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shunqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Condensed Matter Physics (Department of Education of Fujian Province), College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Wang
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Songyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Condensed Matter Physics (Department of Education of Fujian Province), College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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14
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Lee K, Sakamoto J. Effect of depth of discharge (DOD) on cycling in situ formed Li anodes. Faraday Discuss 2024; 248:250-265. [PMID: 37743819 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00079f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-metal solid-state batteries (LMSSBs) have garnered immense interest due to their potential to enhance safety and energy density compared to traditional Li-ion batteries. The anode-free approach to manufacturing Li-metal anodes could provide the additional benefit of reducing cost. However, a lack of understanding of the mechano-electrochemical behavior related to the cycling of in situ formed Li anodes remains a significant challenge. To bridge this knowledge gap, this work aims to understand the cycling behavior of in situ formed Li anodes on garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) solid-electrolyte as a function of the depth of discharge (DOD). The results of this study show that cycling in situ formed Li of 3 mA h cm-2 with a DOD of 66% leads to unstable cycling, while cycling with a DOD of 33% exhibits stable cycling. Furthermore, we observed interfacial deterioration and inhomogeneity of in situ formed Li anodes during cycling with a DOD of 66%. This study provides mechanistic insight into the factors that affect stable cycling that can help guide approaches to improve the cycling behavior of in situ formed Li anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwoong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Jeff Sakamoto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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15
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Dawson JA. Going against the Grain: Atomistic Modeling of Grain Boundaries in Solid Electrolytes for Solid-State Batteries. ACS MATERIALS AU 2024; 4:1-13. [PMID: 38221922 PMCID: PMC10786132 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.3c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Atomistic modeling techniques, including density functional theory and molecular dynamics, play a critical role in the understanding, design, discovery, and optimization of bulk solid electrolyte materials for solid-state batteries. In contrast, despite the fact that the atomistic simulation of microstructural inhomogeneities, such as grain boundaries, can reveal essential information regarding the performance of solid electrolytes, such simulations have so far only been limited to a relatively small selection of materials. In this Perspective, the fundamental properties of grain boundaries in solid electrolytes that can be determined and manipulated through state-of-the-art atomistic modeling are illustrated through recent studies in the literature. The insights and examples presented here will inspire future computational studies of grain boundaries with the aim of overcoming their often detrimental impact on ion transport and dendrite growth inhibition in solid electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Dawson
- Chemistry
− School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Energy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1
7RU, United Kingdom
- The
Faraday Institution, Didcot OX11 0RA, United
Kingdom
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16
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Chen J, Feng S, Lai H, Lu Y, Liu W, Wu X, Wen Z. Interface Ionic/Electronic Redistribution Driven by Conversion-Alloy Reaction for High-Performance Solid-State Sodium Batteries. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301201. [PMID: 38169106 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
NASICON-type Na+ conductors show a great potential to realize high performance and safety for solid-state sodium metal batteries (SSSMBs) owing to their superior ionic conductivity, high chemical stability, and low cost. However, the interfacial incompatibility and sodium dendrite hazards still hinder its applications. Herein, a conversion-alloy reaction-induced interface ionic/electronic redistribution strategy, constructing a gradient sodiophilic and electron-blocking interphase consisting of sodium-tin (Na-Sn) alloy and sodium fluoride (NaF) between NASICON ceramic electrolyte and Na anode is proposed. The Nax Sny alloy-rich layer near the side of the sodium electrode acts as a superior conductor to enhance the anodic sodium-ion transport dynamics while the NaF-rich layer near the side of the ceramic electrolyte serves as an electron insulator to confine the interfacial electron turning ability, achieving uniform and dendrite-free Na deposition during the cycling. Profiting from the synergistic effect of the gradient interphase, the critical current density (CCD) of the assembled Na symmetric cell is significantly increased to 1.7 mA cm-2 and the cycling stability of that is as high as 1200 h at 0.5 mA cm-2 . Moreover, quasi-solid-state sodium batteries with both Na3 V2 (PO4 )3 and NaNi1/3 Fe1/3 Mn1/3 O2 cathode display outstanding electrochemical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sheng Feng
- The State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Hongjian Lai
- The State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Yan Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wuhan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaoyin Wen
- The State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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17
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Wan H, Xu J, Wang C. Designing electrolytes and interphases for high-energy lithium batteries. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:30-44. [PMID: 38097662 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
High-energy and stable lithium-ion batteries are desired for next-generation electric devices and vehicles. To achieve their development, the formation of stable interfaces on high-capacity anodes and high-voltage cathodes is crucial. However, such interphases in certain commercialized Li-ion batteries are not stable. Due to internal stresses during operation, cracks are formed in the interphase and electrodes; the presence of such cracks allows for the formation of Li dendrites and new interphases, resulting in a decay of the energy capacity. In this Review, we highlight electrolyte design strategies to form LiF-rich interphases in different battery systems. In aqueous electrolytes, the hydrophobic LiF can extend the electrochemical stability window of aqueous electrolytes. In organic liquid electrolytes, the highly lithiophobic LiF can suppress Li dendrite formation and growth. Electrolyte design aimed at forming LiF-rich interphases has substantially advanced high-energy aqueous and non-aqueous Li-ion batteries. The electrolyte and interphase design principles discussed here are also applicable to solid-state batteries, as a strategy to achieve long cycle life under low stack pressure, as well as to construct other metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Wan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jijian Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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18
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Gu Z, Wang K, Rao Y, Nan P, Cheng L, Ge B, Zhang W, Ma C. Atomic-Resolution Electron Microscopy Unravelling the Role of Unusual Asymmetric Twin Boundaries in the Electron-Beam-Sensitive NASICON-Type Solid Electrolyte. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11818-11826. [PMID: 38078871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
An atomic-scale understanding of the role of nonperiodic features is essential to the rational design of highly Li-ion-conductive solid electrolytes. Unfortunately, most solid electrolytes are easily damaged by the intense electron beam needed for atomic-resolution electron microscopy observation, so the reported in-depth atomic-scale studies are limited to Li0.33La0.56TiO3- and Li7La3Zr2O12-based materials. Here, we observe on an atomic scale a third type of solid electrolyte, Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP), through minimization of damage induced by specimen preparation. With this capability, LATP is found to contain large amounts of twin boundaries with an unusual asymmetric atomic configuration. On the basis of the experimentally determined structure, the theoretical calculations suggest that such asymmetric twin boundaries may considerably promote Li-ion transport. This discovery identifies a new entry point for optimizing ionic conductivity, and the method presented here will also greatly benefit the mechanistic study of solid electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqi Gu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- School of Materials & Energy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yifei Rao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Pengfei Nan
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Lixun Cheng
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Binghui Ge
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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19
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Sun T, Liang Q, Wang S, Liao J. Insight into Dendrites Issue in All Solid-State Batteries with Inorganic Electrolyte: Mechanism, Detection and Suppression Strategies. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2308297. [PMID: 38050943 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
All solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are regarded as one of the promising next-generation energy storage devices due to their expected high energy density and capacity. However, failures due to unrestricted growth of lithium dendrites (LDs) have been a critical problem. Moreover, the understanding of dendrite growth inside solid-state electrolytes is limited. Since the dendrite process is a multi-physical field coupled process, including electrical, chemical, and mechanical factors, no definitive conclusion can summarize the root cause of LDs growth in ASSBs till now. Herein, the existing works on mechanism, identification, and solution strategies of LD in ASSBs with inorganic electrolyte are reviewed in detail. The primary triggers are thought to originate mainly at the interface and within the electrolyte, involving mechanical imperfections, inhomogeneous ion transport, inhomogeneous electronic structure, and poor interfacial contact. Finally, some of the representative works and present an outlook are comprehensively summarized, providing a basis and guidance for further research to realize efficient ASSBs for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianrui Sun
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, 313001, China
| | - Qi Liang
- School of Material Science and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Sizhe Wang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, 313001, China
- School of Material Science and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jiaxuan Liao
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, 313001, China
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20
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Xu Y, Jia H, Gao P, Galvez-Aranda DE, Beltran SP, Cao X, Le PML, Liu J, Engelhard MH, Li S, Ren G, Seminario JM, Balbuena PB, Zhang JG, Xu W, Wang C. Direct in situ measurements of electrical properties of solid-electrolyte interphase on lithium metal anodes. NATURE ENERGY 2023; 8:1345-1354. [PMID: 38249622 PMCID: PMC10798234 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-023-01361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) critically governs the performance of rechargeable batteries. An ideal SEI is expected to be electrically insulative to prevent persistently parasitic reactions between the electrode and the electrolyte and ionically conductive to facilitate Faradaic reactions of the electrode. However, the true nature of the electrical properties of the SEI remains hitherto unclear due to the lack of a direct characterization method. Here we use in situ bias transmission electron microscopy to directly measure the electrical properties of SEIs formed on copper and lithium substrates. We reveal that SEIs show a voltage-dependent differential conductance. A higher rate of differential conductance induces a thicker SEI with an intricate topographic feature, leading to an inferior Coulombic efficiency and cycling stability in Li∣∣Cu and Li∣∣LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cells. Our work provides insight into the targeted design of the SEI with desired characteristics towards better battery performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaobin Xu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Yaobin Xu, Hao Jia
| | - Hao Jia
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Yaobin Xu, Hao Jia
| | - Peiyuan Gao
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Diego E. Galvez-Aranda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Saul Perez Beltran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Xia Cao
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Phung M. L. Le
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jianfang Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mark H. Engelhard
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Shuang Li
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Gang Ren
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jorge M. Seminario
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Perla B. Balbuena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ji-Guang Zhang
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Wu Xu
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Chongmin Wang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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21
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Liu Q, Chen Q, Tang Y, Cheng HM. Interfacial Modification, Electrode/Solid-Electrolyte Engineering, and Monolithic Construction of Solid-State Batteries. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-022-00167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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22
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Zhang Z, Han WQ. From Liquid to Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries: Fundamental Issues and Recent Developments. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:24. [PMID: 37985522 PMCID: PMC10661211 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The widespread adoption of lithium-ion batteries has been driven by the proliferation of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles, which have increasingly stringent energy density requirements. Lithium metal batteries (LMBs), with their ultralow reduction potential and high theoretical capacity, are widely regarded as the most promising technical pathway for achieving high energy density batteries. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of fundamental issues related to high reactivity and migrated interfaces in LMBs. Furthermore, we propose improved strategies involving interface engineering, 3D current collector design, electrolyte optimization, separator modification, application of alloyed anodes, and external field regulation to address these challenges. The utilization of solid-state electrolytes can significantly enhance the safety of LMBs and represents the only viable approach for advancing them. This review also encompasses the variation in fundamental issues and design strategies for the transition from liquid to solid electrolytes. Particularly noteworthy is that the introduction of SSEs will exacerbate differences in electrochemical and mechanical properties at the interface, leading to increased interface inhomogeneity-a critical factor contributing to failure in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. Based on recent research works, this perspective highlights the current status of research on developing high-performance LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Qiang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
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23
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He Z, Yang S, He P, Zhou H. Unraveling dendrite behavior: key to overcoming failures in lithium solid-state batteries. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:2503-2506. [PMID: 37777466 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying He
- Center of Energy Storage Materials Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Sixie Yang
- Center of Energy Storage Materials Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ping He
- Center of Energy Storage Materials Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Haoshen Zhou
- Center of Energy Storage Materials Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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24
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Zhao G, Luo C, Wu B, Zhang M, Wang H, Hua Q. Low-Temperature In Situ Lithiation Construction of a Lithiophilic Particle-Selective Interlayer for Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:50508-50521. [PMID: 37870285 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Unexpected interface resistance and lithium dendrite puncture hinder the application of garnet-type solid-state electrolytes in high-energy-density systems. Different from the previous high-temperature (>180 °C) molten lithium that promotes the alloying reaction between the coating layer and Li to enhance the interface contact, herein, we introduce liquid-metal-like SbCl3 to construct a three-dimensional Li+ directional-selection interlayer by in situ low-temperature lithiation (80 °C). An interlayer with a more negative interface energy composed of SbLi3 and LiCl exhibits a superior affinity with Li and LGLZO, which reduces the interface resistance and suppresses the growth of Li dendrites by an insulated electron. The introduction of the SbCl3 modification layer into Li/Li symmetric cells enables charge/discharge at a current density of 6.0 mA cm-2 and operation for more than 1000 h under 2.0 mA cm-2 at room temperature. The full cells with the LiFePO4 cathode exhibit a high residual capacity of 144.8 mAh g-1 at 0.5 C after 1000 cycles and excellent cycling stability with a retention ratio of 94.7% at 1 C after 600 cycles. The low-temperature lithiation method based on an energy-saving perspective should be applied to other types of solid-state electrolyte modification strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhao
- Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Changwei Luo
- Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Firmvolt Technology Ltd, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | | | - Haoqi Wang
- Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, Center of Ion Beam Technology & Energy Materials, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qingsong Hua
- Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, Center of Ion Beam Technology & Energy Materials, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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25
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Wei Y, Yang Y, Chen Z, Gao P, Ma Q, Gao M, Yan C, Wu Z, Jiang Y, Chen J, Yu X, Li Z, Zhang X, Liu Y, Gao M, Sun W, Pan H. In-Situ-Generated Electron-Blocking LiH Enabling an Unprecedented Critical Current Density of Over 15 mA cm -2 for Solid-State Hydride Electrolytes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304285. [PMID: 37487246 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
LiBH4 is a promising solid-state electrolyte (SE) due to its thermodynamic stability to Li. However, poor Li-ion conductivities at room temperature, low oxidative stabilities, and severe dendrite growth hamper its application. In this work, a partial dehydrogenation strategy is adopted to in situ generate an electronic blocking layer dispersed of LiH, addressing the above three issues simultaneously. The electrically insulated LiH reduces the electronic conductivity by two orders of magnitude, leading to a 32.0-times higher critical electrical bias for dendrite growth on the particle surfaces than that of the counterpart. Additionally, this layer not only promotes the Li-ion conductance by stimulating coordinated rotations of BH4 - and B12 H12 2- , contributing to a Li-ion conductivity of 1.38 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 25 °C, but also greatly enhances oxidation stability by localizing the electron density on BH4 - , extending its voltage window to 6.0 V. Consequently, this electrolyte exhibits an unprecedented critical current density (CCD) of 15.12 mA cm-2 at 25 °C, long-term Li plating and stripping stability for 2700 h, and a wide temperature window for dendrite inhibition from -30 to 150 °C. Its Li-LiCoO2 cell displays high reversibility within 3.0-5.0 V. It is believed that this work provides a clear direction for solid-state hydride electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yaxiong Yang
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zichong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Panyu Gao
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qihang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Mingxi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chenhui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yinzhu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xuebin Yu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhenglong Li
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Mingxia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Wenping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hongge Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China
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26
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Li W, Li M, Chien PH, Wang S, Yu C, King G, Hu Y, Xiao Q, Shakouri M, Feng R, Fu B, Abdolvand H, Fraser A, Li R, Huang Y, Liu J, Mo Y, Sham TK, Sun X. Lithium-compatible and air-stable vacancy-rich Li 9N 2Cl 3 for high-areal capacity, long-cycling all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh4626. [PMID: 37862412 PMCID: PMC10588954 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh4626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Attaining substantial areal capacity (>3 mAh/cm2) and extended cycle longevity in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries necessitates the implementation of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) capable of withstanding elevated critical current densities and capacities. In this study, we report a high-performing vacancy-rich Li9N2Cl3 SSE demonstrating excellent lithium compatibility and atmospheric stability and enabling high-areal capacity, long-lasting all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. The Li9N2Cl3 facilitates efficient lithium-ion transport due to its disordered lattice structure and presence of vacancies. Notably, it resists dendrite formation at 10 mA/cm2 and 10 mAh/cm2 due to its intrinsic lithium metal stability. Furthermore, it exhibits robust dry-air stability. Incorporating this SSE in Ni-rich LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2 cathode-based all-solid-state batteries, we achieve substantial cycling stability (90.35% capacity retention over 1500 cycles at 0.5 C) and high areal capacity (4.8 mAh/cm2 in pouch cells). These findings pave the way for lithium metal batteries to meet electric vehicle performance demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihan Li
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Soochow-Western Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Minsi Li
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Soochow-Western Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Po-Hsiu Chien
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Chuang Yu
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Graham King
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Yongfeng Hu
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Qunfeng Xiao
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Mohsen Shakouri
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Renfei Feng
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Bolin Fu
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Hamidreza Abdolvand
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Adam Fraser
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Ruying Li
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Yining Huang
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Jue Liu
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Yifei Mo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Maryland Energy Innovation, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Tsun-Kong Sham
- Department of Chemistry and Soochow-Western Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Xueliang Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
- Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315200, P.R. China
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27
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Chen Y, Ouyang B, Li X, Liu W, Yang B, Ning P, Xia Q, Zan F, Kan E, Xu J, Xia H. Gradient Nitrogen Doping in the Garnet Electrolyte for Highly Efficient Solid-State-Electrolyte/Li Interface by N 2 Plasma. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44962-44973. [PMID: 37713588 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state lithium batteries (SSBs) have been widely researched as next-generation energy storage technologies due to their high energy density and high safety. However, lithium dendrite growth through the solid electrolyte usually results from the catastrophic interface contact between the solid electrolyte and lithium metal. Herein, a gradient nitrogen-doping strategy by nitrogen plasma is introduced to modify the surface and subsurface of the garnet electrolyte, which not only etches the surface impurities (e.g., Li2CO3) but also generates an in situ formed Li3N-rich interphase between the solid electrolyte and lithium anode. As a result, the Li/LLZTON-3/Li cells show a low interfacial resistance (3.50 Ω cm2) with a critical current density of about 0.65 mA cm-2 at room temperature and 1.60 mA cm-2 at 60 °C, as well as a stable cycling life for over 1300 h at 0.4 mA cm-2 at room temperature. A hybrid solid-state full cell paired with a LiFePO4 cathode exhibits excellent cycling durability and rate performance at room temperature. These results demonstrate a rational strategy to enable lithium utilization in SSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Bo Ouyang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing, School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xianbiao Li
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Peixiang Ning
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Qiuying Xia
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Feng Zan
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Erjun Kan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing, School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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28
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Kalnaus S, Dudney NJ, Westover AS, Herbert E, Hackney S. Solid-state batteries: The critical role of mechanics. Science 2023; 381:eabg5998. [PMID: 37733866 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg5998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state batteries with lithium metal anodes have the potential for higher energy density, longer lifetime, wider operating temperature, and increased safety. Although the bulk of the research has focused on improving transport kinetics and electrochemical stability of the materials and interfaces, there are also critical challenges that require investigation of the mechanics of materials. In batteries with solid-solid interfaces, mechanical contacts, and the development of stresses during operation of the solid-state batteries, become as critical as the electrochemical stability to keep steady charge transfer at these interfaces. This review will focus on stress and strain that result from normal and extended battery cycling and the associated mechanisms for stress relief, some of which lead to failure of these batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy Kalnaus
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6164, USA
| | - Nancy J Dudney
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6124, USA
| | - Andrew S Westover
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6124, USA
| | - Erik Herbert
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6062, USA
| | - Steve Hackney
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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29
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Klimpel M, Zhang H, Kovalenko MV, Kravchyk KV. Standardizing critical current density measurements in lithium garnets. Commun Chem 2023; 6:192. [PMID: 37689811 PMCID: PMC10492854 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Klimpel
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Huanyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Kostiantyn V Kravchyk
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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30
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Kim NY, Cao S, More KL, Lupini AR, Miao J, Chi M. Hollow Ptychography: Toward Simultaneous 4D Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2208162. [PMID: 37203310 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
With the recent development of high-acquisition-speed pixelated detectors, 4D scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) is becoming routinely available in high-resolution electron microscopy. 4D-STEM acts as a "universal" method that provides local information on materials that is challenging to extract from bulk techniques. It extends conventional STEM imaging to include super-resolution techniques and to provide quantitative phase-based information, such as differential phase contrast, ptychography, or Bloch wave phase retrieval. However, an important missing factor is the chemical and bonding information provided by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). 4D-STEM and EELS cannot currently be acquired simultaneously due to the overlapping geometry of the detectors. Here, the feasibility of modifying the detector geometry to overcome this challenge for bulk specimens is demonstrated, and the use of a partial or defective detector for ptycholgaphic structural imaging is explored. Results show that structural information beyond the diffraction-limit and chemical information from the material can be extracted together, resulting in simultaneous multi-modal measurements, adding the additional dimensions of spectral information to 4D datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yeon Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shaohong Cao
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Karren L More
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Andrew R Lupini
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Jianwei Miao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Miaofang Chi
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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31
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Gadre CA, Lee T, Qi J, Ong SP, Pan X. Vibrational EELS for Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries: Mapping Li Distributions and Beyond. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:633-635. [PMID: 37613076 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya A Gadre
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tom Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ji Qi
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shyue Ping Ong
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Irvine Materials Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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32
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Seymour ID, Quérel E, Brugge RH, Pesci FM, Aguadero A. Understanding and Engineering Interfacial Adhesion in Solid-State Batteries with Metallic Anodes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202215. [PMID: 36892133 PMCID: PMC10962603 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High performance alkali metal anode solid-state batteries require solid/solid interfaces with fast ion transfer that are morphologically and chemically stable upon electrochemical cycling. Void formation at the alkali metal/solid-state electrolyte interface during alkali metal stripping is responsible for constriction resistances and hotspots that can facilitate dendrite propagation and failure. Both externally applied pressures (35-400 MPa) and temperatures above the melting point of the alkali metal have been shown to improve the interfacial contact with the solid electrolyte, preventing the formation of voids. However, the extreme pressure and temperature conditions required can be difficult to meet for commercial solid-state battery applications. In this review, we highlight the importance of interfacial adhesion or 'wetting' at alkali metal/solid electrolyte interfaces for achieving solid-state batteries that can withstand high current densities without cell failure. The intrinsically poor adhesion at metal/ceramic interfaces poses fundamental limitations on many inorganics solid-state electrolyte systems in the absence of applied pressure. Suppression of alkali metal voids can only be achieved for systems with high interfacial adhesion (i. e. 'perfect wetting') where the contact angle between the alkali metal and the solid-state electrolyte surface goes to θ=0°. We identify key strategies to improve interfacial adhesion and suppress void formation including the adoption of interlayers, alloy anodes and 3D scaffolds. Computational modeling techniques have been invaluable for understanding the structure, stability and adhesion of solid-state battery interfaces and we provide an overview of key techniques. Although focused on alkali metal solid-state batteries, the fundamental understanding of interfacial adhesion discussed in this review has broader applications across the field of chemistry and material science from corrosion to biomaterials development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieuan D. Seymour
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonExhibition RoadSW7 2AZLondonUK
| | - Edouard Quérel
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonExhibition RoadSW7 2AZLondonUK
| | - Rowena H. Brugge
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonExhibition RoadSW7 2AZLondonUK
| | - Federico M. Pesci
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonExhibition RoadSW7 2AZLondonUK
| | - Ainara Aguadero
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonExhibition RoadSW7 2AZLondonUK
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de MadridCSIC, Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
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33
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Chao HY, Venkatraman K, Moniri S, Jiang Y, Tang X, Dai S, Gao W, Miao J, Chi M. In Situ and Emerging Transmission Electron Microscopy for Catalysis Research. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37327473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Catalysts are the primary facilitator in many dynamic processes. Therefore, a thorough understanding of these processes has vast implications for a myriad of energy systems. The scanning/transmission electron microscope (S/TEM) is a powerful tool not only for atomic-scale characterization but also in situ catalytic experimentation. Techniques such as liquid and gas phase electron microscopy allow the observation of catalysts in an environment conducive to catalytic reactions. Correlated algorithms can greatly improve microscopy data processing and expand multidimensional data handling. Furthermore, new techniques including 4D-STEM, atomic electron tomography, cryogenic electron microscopy, and monochromated electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) push the boundaries of our comprehension of catalyst behavior. In this review, we discuss the existing and emergent techniques for observing catalysts using S/TEM. Challenges and opportunities highlighted aim to inspire and accelerate the use of electron microscopy to further investigate the complex interplay of catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yun Chao
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, One Bethel Valley Road, Building 4515, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6064, United States
| | - Kartik Venkatraman
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, One Bethel Valley Road, Building 4515, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6064, United States
| | - Saman Moniri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenpei Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jianwei Miao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Miaofang Chi
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, One Bethel Valley Road, Building 4515, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6064, United States
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34
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Liu Y, Xu X, Jiao X, Kapitanova OO, Song Z, Xiong S. Role of Interfacial Defects on Electro-Chemo-Mechanical Failure of Solid-State Electrolyte. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301152. [PMID: 37060331 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High-stress field generated by electroplating of lithium (Li) in pre-existing defects is the main reason for mechanical failure of solid-state electrolyte because it drives crack propagation in electrolyte, followed by Li filament growth inside and even internal short-circuit if the filament reaches another electrode. To understand the role of interfacial defects on mechanical failure of solid-state electrolyte, an electro-chemo-mechanical model is built to visualize distribution of stress, relative damage, and crack formation during electrochemical plating of Li in defects. Geometry of interfacial defect is found as dominating factor for concentration of local stress field while semi-sphere defect delivers less accumulation of damage at initial stage and the longest failure time for disintegration of electrolyte. Aspect ratio, as a key geometric parameter of defect, is investigated to reveal its impact on failure of electrolyte. Pyramidic defect with low aspect ratio of 0.2-0.5 shows branched region of damage near interface, probably causing surface pulverization of solid-state electrolyte, whereas high aspect ratio over 3.0 will trigger accumulation of damage in bulk electrolyte. The correction between interfacial defect and electro-chemo-mechanical failure of solid-state electrolyte is expected to provide insightful guidelines for interface design in high-power-density solid-state Li metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xieyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Olesya O Kapitanova
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxiao Song
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Shizhao Xiong
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE 412 96, Sweden
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35
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Xu P, Fa W, Chen S. Computational Study on Filament Growth Dynamics in Microstructure-Controlled Storage Media of Resistive Switching Memories. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37235757 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The filament growth processes, crucial to the performance of nanodevices like resistive switching memories, have been widely investigated to realize the device optimization. With the combination of kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations and the restrictive percolation model, three different growth modes in electrochemical metallization (ECM) cells were dynamically reproduced, and an important parameter, the relative nucleation distance, was theoretically defined to measure different growth modes quantitatively; hence their transition can be well described. In our KMC simulations, the inhomogeneity of storage medium is realized through introducing evolutionary void versus non-void sites within it to mimic the real nucleation during filament growth. Finally, the renormalization group method was used in the percolation model to analytically illustrate void-concentration-dependent growth mode transition, fitting KMC simulation results quite well. Our study found that the nanostructure of the medium can dominate the filament growth dynamics, as the simulation images as well as the analytical results are consistent with experiments results. Our study spotlights a vital and intrinsic factor, void concentration (relative to defects, grains, or nanopores) of a storage medium, in inducing filament growth mode transition within ECM cells. This theoretically proves a mechanism to tune performance of ECM systems that controlling microstructures of the storage media can dominate the filament growth dynamics, indicating an accessible strategy, nanostructure processing, for device optimization of ECM memristors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Wei Fa
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Kuang Yaming Honors School and Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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36
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Zhang L, Fan H, Dang Y, Zhuang Q, Arandiyan H, Wang Y, Cheng N, Sun H, Pérez Garza HH, Zheng R, Wang Z, S Mofarah S, Koshy P, Bhargava SK, Cui Y, Shao Z, Liu Y. Recent advances in in situ and operando characterization techniques for Li 7La 3Zr 2O 12-based solid-state lithium batteries. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1479-1538. [PMID: 37040188 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00135k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO)-based solid-state Li batteries (SSLBs) have emerged as one of the most promising energy storage systems due to the potential advantages of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs), such as ionic conductivity, mechanical strength, chemical stability and electrochemical stability. However, there remain several scientific and technical obstacles that need to be tackled before they can be commercialised. The main issues include the degradation and deterioration of SSEs and electrode materials, ambiguity in the Li+ migration routes in SSEs, and interface compatibility between SSEs and electrodes during the charging and discharging processes. Using conventional ex situ characterization techniques to unravel the reasons that lead to these adverse results often requires disassembly of the battery after operation. The sample may be contaminated during the disassembly process, resulting in changes in the material properties within the battery. In contrast, in situ/operando characterization techniques can capture dynamic information during cycling, enabling real-time monitoring of batteries. Therefore, in this review, we briefly illustrate the key challenges currently faced by LLZO-based SSLBs, review recent efforts to study LLZO-based SSLBs using various in situ/operando microscopy and spectroscopy techniques, and elaborate on the capabilities and limitations of these in situ/operando techniques. This review paper not only presents the current challenges but also outlines future developmental prospects for the practical implementation of LLZO-based SSLBs. By identifying and addressing the remaining challenges, this review aims to enhance the comprehensive understanding of LLZO-based SSLBs. Additionally, in situ/operando characterization techniques are highlighted as a promising avenue for future research. The findings presented here can serve as a reference for battery research and provide valuable insights for the development of different types of solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Huilin Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yuzhen Dang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Quanchao Zhuang
- School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Hamidreza Arandiyan
- Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis for Sustainability, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Yuan Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Melbourne, Vic 3125, Australia
| | - Ningyan Cheng
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- DENSsolutions B.V., Informaticalaan 12, 2628 ZD Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Runguo Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Sajjad S Mofarah
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Pramod Koshy
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Yanhua Cui
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Zongping Shao
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Yanguo Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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37
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Hood ZD, Mane AU, Sundar A, Tepavcevic S, Zapol P, Eze UD, Adhikari SP, Lee E, Sterbinsky GE, Elam JW, Connell JG. Multifunctional Coatings on Sulfide-Based Solid Electrolyte Powders with Enhanced Processability, Stability, and Performance for Solid-State Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300673. [PMID: 36929566 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) exhibit many tantalizing properties including high ionic conductivity and favorable mechanical properties for next-generation solid-state batteries. Widespread adoption of these materials is hindered by their intrinsic instability under ambient conditions, which makes them difficult to process at scale, and instability at the Li||SSE and cathode||SSE interfaces, which limits cell performance and lifetime. Atomic layer deposition is leveraged to grow thin Al2 O3 coatings on Li6 PS5 Cl powders to address both issues simultaneously. These coatings can be directly grown onto Li6 PS5 Cl particles with negligible chemical modification of the underlying material and enable exposure of powders to pure and H2 O-saturated oxygen environments for ≥4 h with minimal reactivity, compared with significant degradation of the uncoated powder. Pellets fabricated from coated powders exhibit ionic conductivities up to 2× higher than those made from uncoated material, with a simultaneous decrease in electronic conductivity and significant suppression of chemical reactivity at the Li-SSE interface. These benefits result in significantly improved room temperature cycle life at high capacity and current density. It is hypothesized that this enhanced performance derives from improved intergranular properties and improved Li metal adhesion. This work points to a completely new framework for designing active, stable, and scalable materials for next-generation solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D Hood
- Applied Materials Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Anil U Mane
- Applied Materials Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Aditya Sundar
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Sanja Tepavcevic
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Peter Zapol
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Udochukwu D Eze
- Applied Materials Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Shiba P Adhikari
- Applied Materials Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Eungje Lee
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - George E Sterbinsky
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Elam
- Applied Materials Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Justin G Connell
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
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38
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Jin Y, He Q, Liu G, Gu Z, Wu M, Sun T, Zhang Z, Huang L, Yao X. Fluorinated Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 Enables Stable All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211047. [PMID: 36906926 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The instability of Li10 GeP2 S12 toward moisture and that toward lithium metal are two challenges for the application in all-solid-state lithium batteries. In this work, Li10 GeP2 S12 is fluorinated to form a LiF-coated core-shell solid electrolyte LiF@Li10 GeP2 S12 . Density-functional theory calculations confirm the hydrolysis mechanism of Li10 GeP2 S12 solid electrolyte, including H2 O adsorption on Li atoms of Li10 GeP2 S12 and the subsequent PS4 3- dissociation affected by hydrogen bond. The hydrophobic LiF shell can reduce the adsorption site, thus resulting in superior moisture stability when exposing in 30% relative humidity air. Moreover, with LiF shell, Li10 GeP2 S12 shows one order lower electronic conductivity, which can significantly suppress lithium dendrite growth and reduce the side reaction between Li10 GeP2 S12 and lithium, realizing three times higher critical current density to 3 mA cm-2 . The assembled LiNbO3 @LiCoO2 /LiF@Li10 GeP2 S12 /Li battery exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 101.0 mAh g-1 with a capacity retention of 94.8% after 1000 cycles at 1 C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Jin
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qinsheng He
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Gaozhan Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Gu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Ming Wu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Sun
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Liangfeng Huang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Xiayin Yao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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39
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Peng X, Tu Q, Zhang Y, Jun K, Shen F, Ogunfunmi T, Sun Y, Tucker MC, Ceder G, Scott MC. Unraveling Li growth kinetics in solid electrolytes due to electron beam charging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabq3285. [PMID: 37126560 PMCID: PMC10132747 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq3285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Revealing the local structure of solid electrolytes (SEs) with electron microscopy is critical for the fundamental understanding of the performance of solid-state batteries (SSBs). However, the intrinsic structural information in the SSB can be misleading if the sample's interactions with the electron beams are not fully understood. In this work, we systematically investigate the effect of electron beams on Al-doped lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZO) under different imaging conditions. Li metal is observed to grow directly on the clean surface of LLZO. The Li metal growth kinetics and the morphology obtained are found to be heavily influenced by the temperature, accelerating voltage, and electron beam intensity. We prove that the lithium growth is due to the LLZO delithiation activated by a positive charging effect under electron beam emission. Our results deepen the understanding of the electron beam impact on SEs and provide guidance for battery material characterization using electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Peng
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Qingsong Tu
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Yaqian Zhang
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - KyuJung Jun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Fengyu Shen
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tofunmi Ogunfunmi
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yingzhi Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael C Tucker
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Gerbrand Ceder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mary C Scott
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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40
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Kwak H, Kim JS, Han D, Kim JS, Park J, Kwon G, Bak SM, Heo U, Park C, Lee HW, Nam KW, Seo DH, Jung YS. Boosting the interfacial superionic conduction of halide solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2459. [PMID: 37117172 PMCID: PMC10147626 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing highly conductive and (electro)chemical stable inorganic solid electrolytes using cost-effective materials is crucial for developing all-solid-state batteries. Here, we report halide nanocomposite solid electrolytes (HNSEs) ZrO2(-ACl)-A2ZrCl6 (A = Li or Na) that demonstrate improved ionic conductivities at 30 °C, from 0.40 to 1.3 mS cm-1 and from 0.011 to 0.11 mS cm-1 for Li+ and Na+, respectively, compared to A2ZrCl6, and improved compatibility with sulfide solid electrolytes. The mechanochemical method employing Li2O for the HNSEs synthesis enables the formation of nanostructured networks that promote interfacial superionic conduction. Via density functional theory calculations combined with synchrotron X-ray and 6Li nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and analyses, we demonstrate that interfacial oxygen-substituted compounds are responsible for the boosted interfacial conduction mechanism. Compared to state-of-the-art Li2ZrCl6, the fluorinated ZrO2-2Li2ZrCl5F HNSE shows improved high-voltage stability and interfacial compatibility with Li6PS5Cl and layered lithium transition metal oxide-based positive electrodes without detrimentally affecting Li+ conductivity. We also report the assembly and testing of a Li-In||LiNi0.88Co0.11Mn0.01O2 all-solid-state lab-scale cell operating at 30 °C and 70 MPa and capable of delivering a specific discharge of 115 mAh g-1 after almost 2000 cycles at 400 mA g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiram Kwak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seung Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Daseul Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Jong Seok Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Juhyoun Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Gihan Kwon
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Seong-Min Bak
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Unseon Heo
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Changhyun Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Wook Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Wan Nam
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Hwa Seo
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea.
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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41
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Liang Y, Shen C, Liu H, Wang C, Li D, Zhao X, Fan LZ. Tailoring Conversion-Reaction-Induced Alloy Interlayer for Dendrite-Free Sulfide-Based All-Solid-State Lithium-Metal Battery. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2300985. [PMID: 37083269 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of lithium (Li) metal anodes in all-solid-state batteries employing sulfide solid electrolytes is hindered by diffusion-related dendrite growth at high rates of charge. Engineering ex-situ Li-intermetallic interlayers derived from a facile solution-based conversion-alloy reaction is attractive for bypassing the Li0 self-diffusion restriction. However, no correlation is established between the properties of conversion-reaction-induced (CRI) interlayers and the deposition behavior of Li0 in all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries (ASSLBs). Herein, using a control set of electrochemical characterization experiments with LixAgy as the interlayer in different battery chemistries, this work identifies that dendritic tolerance in ASSLBs is susceptible to the surface roughness and electronic conductivity of the CRI-alloy interlayer. This work thereby tailors the CRI-alloy interlayer from the typical mosaic structure to a hierarchical gradient structure by adjusting the pit corrosion kinetics from the (de)solvation mechanism to an adsorption model, yielding a smooth organic-rich outer layer and a composition-regulated inorganic-rich inner layer composed mainly of lithiophilic LixAgy and electron-insulating LiF. Ultimately, desirable roughness, conductivity, and diffusivity are integrated simultaneously into the tailored CRI-alloy interlayer, resulting in dendrite-free and dense Li deposition beneath the interlayer capable of improving battery cycling stability. This work provides a rational protocol for the CRI-alloy interlayer specialized for ASSLBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chen Shen
- Institute of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64 287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Hong Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dabing Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Li-Zhen Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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42
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Wang T, Luo W, Huang Y. Engineering Li Metal Anode for Garnet-Based Solid-State Batteries. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:667-676. [PMID: 36848173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusThe past 30 years have witnessed the great achievements of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) based on a graphite anode and liquid organic electrolytes. Yet the limited energy density of a graphite anode and unavoidable safety risks caused by flammable liquid organic electrolytes hinder further developments of LIBs. To reach higher energy density, Li metal anodes (LMAs) with high capacity and low electrode potential are a promising choice. However, LMAs suffer from more serious safety concerns than the graphite anode in liquid LIBs. The dilemma of safety and energy density remains an inevitable obstacle in the way of LIBs.Solid-state batteries (SSBs) offer new opportunities to simultaneously achieve intrinsic safety and high energy density. Among all types of SSBs that are based on oxides, polymers, sulfides, or halides, garnet-type SSBs seem to be one of the most attractive choices due to garnet's merits in high ionic conductivities (10-4-10-3 S/cm at room temperature), wide electrochemical windows (0-6 V), and intrinsically high safety. However, garnet-type SSBs are faced with large interfacial impedance and short-circuit problems caused by Li dendrites. Recently, engineered Li metal anodes (ELMAs) have shown unique advantages in tackling interface issues and attracted extensive research interest.In this Account, we focus on fundamental understandings and provide an in-depth review of ELMAs in garnet-based SSBs. Considering the limited space, we mainly discuss the recent progress made in our groups. First, we introduce the design guidelines for ELMAs and emphasize the unique role of theoretical calculation in predicting and optimizing ELMAs. Then we discuss the interface compatibility of ELMAs with garnet SSEs in details. Specifically, we have demonstrated the advantages of ELMAs in enhancing interface contact and suppressing Li dendrite growth. Next, we attentively analyze the gaps between laboratory and practical applications. We strongly recommend establishing a unified testing standard, with a practically desired areal capacity per cycle (>3.0 mAh/cm2) and a precisely controlled Li capacity excess. Finally, novel chances to enhance ELMAs' processability and fabricate thin Li foils are highlighted. We believe that this Account will offer an insightful analysis of ELMAs' recent advancements and push forward their practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengrui Wang
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, Shanghai Key Laboratory of D&A for Metal-Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Cao An Road, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Wei Luo
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, Shanghai Key Laboratory of D&A for Metal-Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Cao An Road, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Cao An Road, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Yunhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
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43
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Zhu C, Fuchs T, Weber SAL, Richter FH, Glasser G, Weber F, Butt HJ, Janek J, Berger R. Understanding the evolution of lithium dendrites at Li 6.25Al 0.25La 3Zr 2O 12 grain boundaries via operando microscopy techniques. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1300. [PMID: 36894536 PMCID: PMC9998873 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36792-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth of lithium dendrites in inorganic solid electrolytes is an essential drawback that hinders the development of reliable all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. Generally, ex situ post mortem measurements of battery components show the presence of lithium dendrites at the grain boundaries of the solid electrolyte. However, the role of grain boundaries in the nucleation and dendritic growth of metallic lithium is not yet fully understood. Here, to shed light on these crucial aspects, we report the use of operando Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements to map locally time-dependent electric potential changes in the Li6.25Al0.25La3Zr2O12 garnet-type solid electrolyte. We find that the Galvani potential drops at grain boundaries near the lithium metal electrode during plating as a response to the preferential accumulation of electrons. Time-resolved electrostatic force microscopy measurements and quantitative analyses of lithium metal formed at the grain boundaries under electron beam irradiation support this finding. Based on these results, we propose a mechanistic model to explain the preferential growth of lithium dendrites at grain boundaries and their penetration in inorganic solid electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Till Fuchs
- Institute of Physical Chemistry & Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan A L Weber
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Felix H Richter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry & Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Glasser
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franjo Weber
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen Janek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry & Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Berger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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44
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Biao J, Han B, Cao Y, Li Q, Zhong G, Ma J, Chen L, Yang K, Mi J, Deng Y, Liu M, Lv W, Kang F, He YB. Inhibiting Formation and Reduction of Li 2 CO 3 to LiC x at Grain Boundaries in Garnet Electrolytes to Prevent Li Penetration. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208951. [PMID: 36639140 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Poor ion and high electron transport at the grain boundaries (GBs) of ceramic electrolytes are the primary reasons for lithium filament infiltration and short-circuiting of all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASLMBs). Herein, it is discovered that Li2 CO3 at the GBs of Li7 La3 Zr2 O12 (LLZO) sheets is reduced to highly electron-conductive LiCx during cycling, resulting in lithium penetration of LLZO. The ionic and electronic conductivity of the GBs within LLZO can be simultaneously tuned using sintered Li3 AlF6 . The generated LiAlO2 (LAO) infusion and F-doping at the GBs of LLZO (LAO-LLZOF) significantly reduce the Li2 CO3 content and broaden the energy bandgap of LLZO, which decreases the electronic conductivity of LAO-LLZOF. LAO forms a 3D continuous ion transport network at the GB that significantly improves the total ionic conductivity. Lithium penetration within LLZO is suppressed and an all-solid-state LiFePO4 /LAO-LLZOF/Li battery stably cycled for 5500 cycles at 3 C. This work reveals the chemistry of Li2 CO3 at the LLZO GBs during cycling, presents a novel lithium penetration mechanism within garnet electrolytes, and provides an innovative method to simultaneously regulate the ion and electron transport at the GBs in garnet electrodes for advanced ASLMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Biao
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yidan Cao
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qidong Li
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Guiming Zhong
- Laboratory of Advanced Spectro-Electrochemistry and Lithium-Ion Batteries, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jiabin Ma
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Likun Chen
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ke Yang
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jinshuo Mi
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lv
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Bing He
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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45
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Hu X, Chen S, Wang Z, Chen Y, Yuan B, Zhang Y, Liu W, Yu Y. Microstructure of the Li-Al-O Second Phases in Garnet Solid Electrolytes. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:887-894. [PMID: 36648987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The microstructure of the Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) garnet solid electrolyte is critical for its performance in all-solid-state lithium-ion battery. During conventional high-temperature sintering, second phases are generated at the grain boundaries due to the reaction between sintering aids and LLZO, which have an enormous effect on the performances of LLZO. However, a detailed structure study of the second phases and their impact on physical properties is lacking. Here, crystal structures of the second phases in LLZO pellets are studied in detail by transmission electron microscopy. Three different crystal structures of Li-Al-O second phases, γ-LiAlO2, α-Li5AlO4, and β-Li5AlO4 were identified, and atomic-scale lattice information was obtained by applying low-dose high-resolution imaging for these electron-beam-sensitive second phases. On this basis, the structure-property relationship of these structures was explored. It was found that sintering aids with a higher Li/Al ratio are beneficial to form Li-rich second phases, which result in more highly ionic conductive LLZO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchen Hu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojie Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Yuan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
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46
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Wang C, Lin R, He Y, Zou P, Kisslinger K, He Q, Li J, Xin HL. Tension-Induced Cavitation in Li-Metal Stripping. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209091. [PMID: 36413142 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Designing stable Li metal and supporting solid structures (SSS) is of fundamental importance in rechargeable Li-metal batteries. Yet, the stripping kinetics of Li metal and its mechanical effect on the supporting solids (including solid electrolyte interface) remain mysterious to date. Here, through nanoscale in situ observations of a solid-state Li-metal battery in an electron microscope, two distinct cavitation-mediated Li stripping modes controlled by the ratio of the SSS thickness (t) to the Li deposit's radius (r) are discovered. A quantitative criterion is established to understand the damage tolerance of SSS on the Li-metal stripping pathways. For mechanically unstable SSS (t/r < 0.21), the stripping proceeds via tension-induced multisite cavitation accompanied by severe SSS buckling and necking, ultimately leading to Li "trapping" or "dead Li" formation; for mechanically stable SSS (t/r > 0.21), the Li metal undergoes nearly planar stripping from the root via single cavitation, showing negligible buckling. This work proves the existence of an electronically conductive precursor film coated on the interior of solid electrolytes that however can be mechanically damaged, and it is of potential importance to the design of delicate Li-metal supporting structures to high-performance solid-state Li-metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ruoqian Lin
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Yubin He
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Peichao Zou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Kim Kisslinger
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Qi He
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Huolin L Xin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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47
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Yang X, Gao X, Jiang M, Luo J, Yan J, Fu J, Duan H, Zhao S, Tang Y, Yang R, Li R, Wang J, Huang H, Veer Singh C, Sun X. Grain Boundary Electronic Insulation for High-Performance All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215680. [PMID: 36446742 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Sulfide electrolytes with high ionic conductivities are one of the most highly sought for all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). However, the non-negligible electronic conductivities of sulfide electrolytes (≈10-8 S cm-1 ) lead to electron smooth transport through the sulfide electrolyte pellets, resulting in Li dendrite directly depositing at the grain boundaries (GBs) and serious self-discharge. Here, a grain-boundary electronic insulation (GBEI) strategy is proposed to block electron transport across the GBs, enabling Li-Li symmetric cells with 30 times longer cycling life and Li-LiCoO2 full cells with three times lower self-discharging rate than pristine sulfide electrolytes. The Li-LiCoO2 ASSLBs deliver high capacity retention of 80 % at 650 cycles and stable cycling performance for over 2600 cycles at 0.5 mA cm-2 . The innovation of the GBEI strategy provides a new direction to pursue high-performance ASSLBs via tailoring the electronic conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Xuejie Gao
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Jitong Yan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Jiamin Fu
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Hui Duan
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Shangqian Zhao
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Yongfu Tang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Rong Yang
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Ruying Li
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Jiantao Wang
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Glabat Solid-State Battery Inc., 700 Collip Circle, London, ON, N6G 4X8, Canada
| | - Chandra Veer Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Xueliang Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
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48
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Chen W, Zhan X, Yuan R, Pidaparthy S, Yong AXB, An H, Tang Z, Yin K, Patra A, Jeong H, Zhang C, Ta K, Riedel ZW, Stephens RM, Shoemaker DP, Yang H, Gewirth AA, Braun PV, Ertekin E, Zuo JM, Chen Q. Formation and impact of nanoscopic oriented phase domains in electrochemical crystalline electrodes. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:92-99. [PMID: 36280702 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical phase transformation in ion-insertion crystalline electrodes is accompanied by compositional and structural changes, including the microstructural development of oriented phase domains. Previous studies have identified prevailingly transformation heterogeneities associated with diffusion- or reaction-limited mechanisms. In comparison, transformation-induced domains and their microstructure resulting from the loss of symmetry elements remain unexplored, despite their general importance in alloys and ceramics. Here, we map the formation of oriented phase domains and the development of strain gradient quantitatively during the electrochemical ion-insertion process. A collocated four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy approach, coupled with data mining, enables the study. Results show that in our model system of cubic spinel MnO2 nanoparticles their phase transformation upon Mg2+ insertion leads to the formation of domains of similar chemical identity but different orientations at nanometre length scale, following the nucleation, growth and coalescence process. Electrolytes have a substantial impact on the transformation microstructure ('island' versus 'archipelago'). Further, large strain gradients build up from the development of phase domains across their boundaries with high impact on the chemical diffusion coefficient by a factor of ten or more. Our findings thus provide critical insights into the microstructure formation mechanism and its impact on the ion-insertion process, suggesting new rules of transformation structure control for energy storage materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Xun Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Renliang Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Saran Pidaparthy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Adrian Xiao Bin Yong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hyosung An
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Zhichu Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kaijun Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Arghya Patra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Heonjae Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kim Ta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Zachary W Riedel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ryan M Stephens
- Shell International Exploration and Production Inc., Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel P Shoemaker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hong Yang
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Andrew A Gewirth
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Paul V Braun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Elif Ertekin
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jian-Min Zuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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49
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Wang D, Liu H, Lv D, Wang C, Yang J, Qian Y. Rational Screening of Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphases on Zn for Ultrahigh-Rate and Long-Life Aqueous Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207908. [PMID: 36245304 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on Zn anodes plays a pivotal role for high-rate and long-life aqueous batteries, because it effectively inhibits side reactions and dendritic growth. Many materials are explored as SEIs by a trial-and-error approach. Herein, an exercisable way is proposed to screen the potential SEIs on Zn anodes in view of dendrite-suppressing ability and charge-transfer property theoretically. As an output of this screening, Zn3 (BO3 )2 (ZBO) is checked experimentally. In symmetrical cells, Zn@ZBO runs over 250 h at an ultrahigh current density of 50 mA cm-2 for a large areal capacity 10 mAh cm-2 . In full cells, Zn@ZBO||MnO2 shows an impressive cumulative capacity (≈406 mAh cm-2 ) under harsh conditions, i.e., a lean electrolyte condition (10 µL mAh-1 ), limited Zn supply (negative/positive electrode capacity ratio, N/P ratio = 2.3), and high areal capacity (5.0 mAh cm-2 ). The significance of this work lies in not only the first report of ZBO on Zn showing excellent electrochemical performance, but also a feasible way to screen the promising SEI materials for other metal anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, P. R. China
| | - Dan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yitai Qian
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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50
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Li D, Liu H, Liang Y, Wang C, Fan L. Challenges and Developments of High Energy Density Anode Materials in Sulfide‐Based Solid‐State Batteries. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dabing Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies University of Science and Technology Beijing 100083 Beijing China
| | - Hong Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies University of Science and Technology Beijing 100083 Beijing China
| | - Yuhao Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies University of Science and Technology Beijing 100083 Beijing China
| | - Chao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies University of Science and Technology Beijing 100083 Beijing China
| | - Li‐Zhen Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies University of Science and Technology Beijing 100083 Beijing China
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