1
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Haas GD, Schmitz KS, Azarm KD, Johnson KN, Klain WR, Freiberg AN, Cox RM, Plemper RK, Lee B. Tetracistronic Minigenomes Elucidate a Functional Promoter for Ghana Virus and Unveils Cedar Virus Replicase Promiscuity for all Henipaviruses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.16.589704. [PMID: 38659760 PMCID: PMC11042316 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.16.589704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Batborne henipaviruses, such as Nipah virus and Hendra virus, represent a major threat to global health due to their propensity for spillover, severe pathogenicity, and high mortality rate in human hosts. Coupled with the absence of approved vaccines or therapeutics, work with the prototypical species and uncharacterized, emergent species is restricted to high biocontainment facilities. There is a scarcity of such specialized spaces for research, and often the scope and capacity of research which can be conducted at BSL-4 is limited. Therefore, there is a pressing need for innovative life-cycle modeling systems to enable comprehensive research within lower biocontainment settings. This work showcases tetracistronic, transcription and replication competent minigenomes for Nipah virus, Hendra virus, Cedar virus, and Ghana virus, which encode viral proteins facilitating budding, fusion, and receptor binding. We validate the functionality of all encoded viral proteins and demonstrate a variety of applications to interrogate the viral life cycle. Notably, we found that the Cedar virus replicase exhibits remarkable promiscuity, efficiently rescuing minigenomes from all tested henipaviruses. We also apply this technology to GhV, an emergent species which has so far not been isolated in culture. We demonstrate that the reported sequence of GhV is incomplete, but that this missing sequence can be substituted with analogous sequences from other henipaviruses. Use of our GhV system establishes the functionality of the GhV replicase and identifies two antivirals which are highly efficacious against the GhV polymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffin D. Haas
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Kristopher D. Azarm
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Kendra N. Johnson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - William R. Klain
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Robert M. Cox
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard K. Plemper
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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2
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Hirata K, Takahara A, Suzuki S, Murakami S, Kawaji K, Nishiyama A, Sasano M, Shoji-Ueno M, Usui E, Murayama K, Hayashi H, Oishi S, Kodama EN. Helical peptides with disordered regions for measles viruses provide new generalized insights into fusion inhibitors. iScience 2024; 27:108961. [PMID: 38333694 PMCID: PMC10850769 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite effective vaccines, measles virus (MeV) outbreaks occur sporadically. Therefore, developing anti-MeV agents remains important for suppressing MeV infections. We previously designed peptide-based MeV fusion inhibitors, M1 and M2, that target MeV class I fusion protein (F protein). Here, we developed a novel fusion inhibitor, MEK35, that exerts potent activity against M1/M2-resistant MeV variants. Comparing MEK35 to M1 derivatives revealed that combining disordered and helical elements was essential for overcoming M1/M2 resistance. Moreover, we propose a three-step antiviral process for peptide-based fusion inhibitors: (i) disordered peptides interact with F protein; (ii) the peptides adopt a partial helical conformation and bind to F protein through hydrophobic interactions; and (iii) subsequent interactions involving the disordered region of the peptides afford a peptide-F protein with a high-affinity peptide-F protein interaction. An M1-resistant substitution blocks the second step. These results should aid the development of novel viral fusion inhibitors targeting class I F protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushige Hirata
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Aoi Takahara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29, Yoshida-Shimo-Adachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shumei Murakami
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kumi Kawaji
- Division of Infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akie Nishiyama
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mina Sasano
- Division of Infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mariko Shoji-Ueno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Emiko Usui
- Division of Infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Murayama
- Division of Biomedical Measurements and Diagnostics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hironori Hayashi
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shinya Oishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29, Yoshida-Shimo-Adachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1, Misasagi-Shichono-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Eiichi N. Kodama
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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3
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Cox RM, Wolf JD, Lieberman NA, Lieber CM, Kang HJ, Sticher ZM, Yoon JJ, Andrews MK, Govindarajan M, Krueger RE, Sobolik EB, Natchus MG, Gewirtz AT, deSwart RL, Kolykhalov AA, Hekmatyar K, Sakamoto K, Greninger AL, Plemper RK. Therapeutic mitigation of measles-like immune amnesia and exacerbated disease after prior respiratory virus infections in ferrets. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1189. [PMID: 38331906 PMCID: PMC10853234 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Measles cases have surged pre-COVID-19 and the pandemic has aggravated the problem. Most measles-associated morbidity and mortality arises from destruction of pre-existing immune memory by measles virus (MeV), a paramyxovirus of the morbillivirus genus. Therapeutic measles vaccination lacks efficacy, but little is known about preserving immune memory through antivirals and the effect of respiratory disease history on measles severity. We use a canine distemper virus (CDV)-ferret model as surrogate for measles and employ an orally efficacious paramyxovirus polymerase inhibitor to address these questions. A receptor tropism-intact recombinant CDV with low lethality reveals an 8-day advantage of antiviral treatment versus therapeutic vaccination in maintaining immune memory. Infection of female ferrets with influenza A virus (IAV) A/CA/07/2009 (H1N1) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) four weeks pre-CDV causes fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia with lung onslaught by commensal bacteria. RNAseq identifies CDV-induced overexpression of trefoil factor (TFF) peptides in the respiratory tract, which is absent in animals pre-infected with IAV. Severe outcomes of consecutive IAV/CDV infections are mitigated by oral antivirals even when initiated late. These findings validate the morbillivirus immune amnesia hypothesis, define measles treatment paradigms, and identify priming of the TFF axis through prior respiratory infections as risk factor for exacerbated morbillivirus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Cox
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Josef D Wolf
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Nicole A Lieberman
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Carolin M Lieber
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Hae-Ji Kang
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Zachary M Sticher
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jeong-Joong Yoon
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Meghan K Andrews
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Rebecca E Krueger
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Sobolik
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Michael G Natchus
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Rik L deSwart
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Khan Hekmatyar
- Advanced Translational Imaging Facility, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Kaori Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Alexander L Greninger
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Richard K Plemper
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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4
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Cox RM, Plemper RK. Design and Execution of In Vitro Polymerase Assays for Measles Virus and Related Mononegaviruses. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2808:19-33. [PMID: 38743360 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3870-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Morbilliviruses such as measles virus (MeV) are responsible for major morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite the availability of an effective vaccine and global vaccination campaigns. MeV belongs to the mononegavirus order of viral pathogens that store their genetic information in non-segmented negative polarity RNA genomes. Genome replication and viral gene expression are carried out by a virus-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) complex that has no immediate host cell analog. To better understand the organization and regulation of the viral RdRP and mechanistically characterize antiviral candidates, biochemical RdRP assays have been developed that employ purified recombinant polymerase complexes and synthetic RNA templates to monitor the initiation of RNA synthesis and RNA elongation in vitro. In this article, we will discuss strategies for the efficient expression and preparation of mononegavirus polymerase complexes, provide detailed protocols for the execution and optimization of RdRP assays, evaluate alternative options for the choice of template and detection system, and describe the application of the assay for the characterization of inhibitor candidates. Although MeV RdRP assays are the focus of this article, the general strategies and experimental approaches are readily transferable to related viruses in the mononegavirus order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Cox
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard K Plemper
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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5
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de Oliveira LF, Filho DM, Marques BL, Maciel GF, Parreira RC, do Carmo Neto JR, Da Silva PEF, Guerra RO, da Silva MV, Santiago HDC, Birbrair A, Kihara AH, Dias da Silva VJ, Glaser T, Resende RR, Ulrich H. Organoids as a novel tool in modelling infectious diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 144:87-96. [PMID: 36182613 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases worldwide affect human health and have important societal impacts. A better understanding of infectious diseases is urgently needed. In vitro and in vivo infection models have brought notable contributions to the current knowledge of these diseases. Organoids are multicellular culture systems resembling tissue architecture and function, recapitulating many characteristics of human disease and elucidating mechanisms of host-infectious agent interactions in the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, the central nervous system and the skin. Here, we discuss the applicability of the organoid technology for modeling pathogenesis, host response and features, which can be explored for the development of preventive and therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Felipe de Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniel Mendes Filho
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Médica de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lemes Marques
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal deGoiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Rodrigues do Carmo Neto
- Departamento de Biociência e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Rhanoica Oliveira Guerra
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia eParasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Naturais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius da Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia eParasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Naturais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Helton da Costa Santiago
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Departamento de Patologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H Kihara
- Laboratório de Neurogenética, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Valdo José Dias da Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Talita Glaser
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Resende
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Departmento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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6
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Ikegame S, Carmichael JC, Wells H, Furler O'Brien RL, Acklin JA, Chiu HP, Oguntuyo KY, Cox RM, Patel AR, Kowdle S, Stevens CS, Eckley M, Zhan S, Lim JK, Veit EC, Evans MJ, Hashiguchi T, Durigon E, Schountz T, Epstein JH, Plemper RK, Daszak P, Anthony SJ, Lee B. Metagenomics-enabled reverse-genetics assembly and characterization of myotis bat morbillivirus. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1108-1122. [PMID: 37142773 PMCID: PMC11089651 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Morbilliviruses are among the most contagious viral pathogens of mammals. Although previous metagenomic surveys have identified morbillivirus sequences in bats, full-length morbilliviruses from bats are limited. Here we characterize the myotis bat morbillivirus (MBaMV) from a bat surveillance programme in Brazil, whose full genome was recently published. We demonstrate that the fusion and receptor binding protein of MBaMV utilize bat CD150 and not human CD150, as an entry receptor in a mammalian cell line. Using reverse genetics, we produced a clone of MBaMV that infected Vero cells expressing bat CD150. Electron microscopy of MBaMV-infected cells revealed budding of pleomorphic virions, a characteristic morbillivirus feature. MBaMV replication reached 103-105 plaque-forming units ml-1 in human epithelial cell lines and was dependent on nectin-4. Infection of human macrophages also occurred, albeit 2-10-fold less efficiently than measles virus. Importantly, MBaMV is restricted by cross-neutralizing human sera elicited by measles, mumps and rubella vaccination and is inhibited by orally bioavailable polymerase inhibitors in vitro. MBaMV-encoded P/V genes did not antagonize human interferon induction. Finally, we show that MBaMV does not cause disease in Jamaican fruit bats. We conclude that, while zoonotic spillover into humans may theoretically be plausible, MBaMV replication would probably be controlled by the human immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ikegame
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jillian C Carmichael
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heather Wells
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert L Furler O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua A Acklin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hsin-Ping Chiu
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Robert M Cox
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aum R Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shreyas Kowdle
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian S Stevens
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miles Eckley
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Shijun Zhan
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jean K Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ethan C Veit
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew J Evans
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Takao Hashiguchi
- Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Edison Durigon
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tony Schountz
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Richard K Plemper
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Simon J Anthony
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Padmanabha Das KM. Editorial: Antiviral drug discovery against pathogens of pandemic concern: Advancements in target site identification and structure-based drug development. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1165208. [PMID: 36968270 PMCID: PMC10034765 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1165208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna M. Padmanabha Das
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (BCMP), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Krishna M. Padmanabha Das,
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8
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Schmitz KS, Lange MV, Gommers L, Handrejk K, Porter DP, Alabi CA, Moscona A, Porotto M, de Vries RD, de Swart RL. Repurposing an In Vitro Measles Virus Dissemination Assay for Screening of Antiviral Compounds. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061186. [PMID: 35746658 PMCID: PMC9230603 DOI: 10.3390/v14061186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Measles virus (MV) is a highly contagious respiratory virus responsible for outbreaks associated with significant morbidity and mortality among children and young adults. Although safe and effective measles vaccines are available, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in vaccination coverage gaps that may lead to the resurgence of measles when restrictions are lifted. This puts individuals who cannot be vaccinated, such as young infants and immunocompromised individuals, at risk. Therapeutic interventions are complicated by the long incubation time of measles, resulting in a narrow treatment window. At present, the only available WHO-advised option is treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins, although this is not approved as standard of care. Antivirals against measles may contribute to intervention strategies to limit the impact of future outbreaks. Here, we review previously described antivirals and antiviral assays, evaluate the antiviral efficacy of a number of compounds to inhibit MV dissemination in vitro, and discuss potential application in specific target populations. We conclude that broadly reactive antivirals could strengthen existing intervention strategies to limit the impact of measles outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina S. Schmitz
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.S.S.); (M.V.L.); (L.G.); (K.H.); (R.D.d.V.)
| | - Mona V. Lange
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.S.S.); (M.V.L.); (L.G.); (K.H.); (R.D.d.V.)
| | - Lennert Gommers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.S.S.); (M.V.L.); (L.G.); (K.H.); (R.D.d.V.)
| | - Kim Handrejk
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.S.S.); (M.V.L.); (L.G.); (K.H.); (R.D.d.V.)
| | | | - Christopher A. Alabi
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA;
| | - Anne Moscona
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (A.M.); (M.P.)
- Center for Host–Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Matteo Porotto
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (A.M.); (M.P.)
- Center for Host–Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.S.S.); (M.V.L.); (L.G.); (K.H.); (R.D.d.V.)
| | - Rik L. de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.S.S.); (M.V.L.); (L.G.); (K.H.); (R.D.d.V.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Computational Design of Inhibitors Targeting the Catalytic β Subunit of Escherichia coli FOF1-ATP Synthase. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050557. [PMID: 35625201 PMCID: PMC9138118 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
With the uncontrolled growth of multidrug-resistant bacteria, there is an urgent need to search for new therapeutic targets, to develop drugs with novel modes of bactericidal action. FoF1-ATP synthase plays a crucial role in bacterial bioenergetic processes, and it has emerged as an attractive antimicrobial target, validated by the pharmaceutical approval of an inhibitor to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. In this work, we aimed to design, through two types of in silico strategies, new allosteric inhibitors of the ATP synthase, by targeting the catalytic β subunit, a centerpiece in communication between rotor subunits and catalytic sites, to drive the rotary mechanism. As a model system, we used the F1 sector of Escherichia coli, a bacterium included in the priority list of multidrug-resistant pathogens. Drug-like molecules and an IF1-derived peptide, designed through molecular dynamics simulations and sequence mining approaches, respectively, exhibited in vitro micromolar inhibitor potency against F1. An analysis of bacterial and Mammalia sequences of the key structural helix-turn-turn motif of the C-terminal domain of the β subunit revealed highly and moderately conserved positions that could be exploited for the development of new species-specific allosteric inhibitors. To our knowledge, these inhibitors are the first binders computationally designed against the catalytic subunit of FOF1-ATP synthase.
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Chithelen J, Franke H, Länder N, Grafen A, Schneider-Schaulies J. The Sphingolipid Inhibitors Ceranib-2 and SKI-II Reduce Measles Virus Replication in Primary Human Lymphocytes: Effects on mTORC1 Downstream Signaling. Front Physiol 2022; 13:856143. [PMID: 35370781 PMCID: PMC8968423 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.856143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioactive sphingolipids ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are involved in the regulation of cell homeostasis and activity ranging from apoptosis to proliferation. We recently described that the two compounds ceranib-2 (inhibiting acid ceramidase) and SKI-II [inhibiting the sphingosine kinases 1 and − 2 (SphK1/2)] reduce mTORC1 activity and measles virus (MV) replication in human primary peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) by about one log step. We now further investigated whether mTORC1 downstream signaling and viral protein expression may be affected by ceranib-2 and/or SKI-II. Western blot analyses showed that in uninfected cells the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) was reduced by both inhibitors. Interestingly, MV infection led to an increase of rpS6 protein levels and phosphorylation of eIF4E. Treatment with both inhibitors reduced the rpS6 protein expression, and in addition, SKI-II reduced rpS6 phosphorylation. The phosphorylation of eIF4E was slightly reduced by both inhibitors. In addition, SKI-II led to reduced levels of IKK in MV-infected cells. Both inhibitors reduced the expression of viral proteins and the titers of newly synthesized MV by approximately one log step. As expected, SKI-II and rapamycin reduced also the virally encoded GFP expression; however, ceranib-2 astonishingly led to increased levels of GFP fluorescence. Our findings suggest that the inhibitors ceranib-2 and SKI-II act via differential mechanisms on MV replication. The observed effects on mTORC1 downstream signaling, predominantly the reduction of rpS6 levels by both inhibitors, may affect the translational capacity of the cells and contribute to the antiviral effect in human primary PBL.
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Siering O, Cattaneo R, Pfaller CK. C Proteins: Controllers of Orderly Paramyxovirus Replication and of the Innate Immune Response. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010137. [PMID: 35062341 PMCID: PMC8778822 DOI: 10.3390/v14010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Particles of many paramyxoviruses include small amounts of proteins with a molecular weight of about 20 kDa. These proteins, termed “C”, are basic, have low amino acid homology and some secondary structure conservation. C proteins are encoded in alternative reading frames of the phosphoprotein gene. Some viruses express nested sets of C proteins that exert their functions in different locations: In the nucleus, they interfere with cellular transcription factors that elicit innate immune responses; in the cytoplasm, they associate with viral ribonucleocapsids and control polymerase processivity and orderly replication, thereby minimizing the activation of innate immunity. In addition, certain C proteins can directly bind to, and interfere with the function of, several cytoplasmic proteins required for interferon induction, interferon signaling and inflammation. Some C proteins are also required for efficient virus particle assembly and budding. C-deficient viruses can be grown in certain transformed cell lines but are not pathogenic in natural hosts. C proteins affect the same host functions as other phosphoprotein gene-encoded proteins named V but use different strategies for this purpose. Multiple independent systems to counteract host defenses may ensure efficient immune evasion and facilitate virus adaptation to new hosts and tissue environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Siering
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany;
| | - Roberto Cattaneo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55906, USA
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (C.K.P.)
| | - Christian K. Pfaller
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany;
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (C.K.P.)
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Highly Potent Host-Specific Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Paramyxovirus and Pneumovirus Replication with High Resistance Barrier. mBio 2021; 12:e0262121. [PMID: 34724816 PMCID: PMC8561388 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02621-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple enveloped RNA viruses of the family Paramyxoviridae and Pneumoviridae, like measles virus (MeV), Nipah virus (NiV), canine distemper virus (CDV), or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), are of high clinical relevance. Each year a huge number of lives are lost as a result of these viral infections. Worldwide, MeV infection alone is responsible for over a hundred thousand deaths each year despite available vaccine. Therefore, there is an urgent need for treatment options to counteract these viral infections. The development of antiviral drugs in general stands as a huge challenge due to the rapid emergence of viral escape mutants. Here, we disclose the discovery of a small-molecule antiviral, compound 1 (ZHAWOC9045), active against several pneumo-/paramyxoviruses, including MeV, NiV, CDV, RSV, and parainfluenza virus type 5 (PIV-5). A series of mechanistic characterizations revealed that compound 1 targets a host factor which is indispensable for viral genome replication. Drug resistance profiling against a paramyxovirus model (CDV) demonstrated no detectable adaptation despite prolonged time of investigation, thereby mitigating the rapid emergence of escape variants. Furthermore, a thorough structure-activity relationship analysis of compound 1 led to the invention of 100-times-more potent-derivatives, e.g., compound 2 (ZHAWOC21026). Collectively, we present in this study an attractive host-directed pneumoviral/paramyxoviral replication inhibitor with potential therapeutic application.
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Lee B, Ikegame S, Carmichael J, Wells H, Furler R, Acklin J, Chiu HP, Oguntuyo K, Cox R, Patel A, Kowdle S, Stevens C, Eckley M, Zhan S, Lim J, Hashiguchi T, Durigon EL, Schountz T, Epstein J, Plemper R, Daszak P, Anthony S. Zoonotic potential of a novel bat morbillivirus. RESEARCH SQUARE 2021. [PMID: 34611656 PMCID: PMC8491849 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-926789/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bats are significant reservoir hosts for many viruses with zoonotic potential1. SARS-CoV-2, Ebola virus, and Nipah virus are examples of such viruses that have caused deadly epidemics and pandemics when spilled over from bats into human and animal populations2,3. Careful surveillance of viruses in bats is critical for identifying potential zoonotic pathogens. However, metagenomic surveys in bats often do not result in full-length viral sequences that can be used to regenerate such viruses for targeted characterization4. Here, we identify and characterize a novel morbillivirus from a vespertilionid bat species (Myotis riparius) in Brazil, which we term myotis bat morbillivirus (MBaMV). There are 7 species of morbilliviruses including measles virus (MeV), canine distemper virus (CDV) and rinderpest virus (RPV)5. All morbilliviruses cause severe disease in their natural hosts6–10, and pathogenicity is largely determined by species specific expression of canonical morbillivirus receptors, CD150/SLAMF111 and NECTIN412. MBaMV used Myotis spp CD150 much better than human and dog CD150 in fusion assays. We confirmed this using live MBaMV that was rescued by reverse genetics. Surprisingly, MBaMV replicated efficiently in primary human myeloid but not lymphoid cells. Furthermore, MBaMV replicated in human epithelial cells and used human NECTIN4 almost as well as MeV. Our results demonstrate the unusual ability of MBaMV to infect and replicate in some human cells that are critical for MeV pathogenesis and transmission. This raises the specter of zoonotic transmission of a bat morbillivirus.
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Organoids in modelling infectious diseases. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:223-233. [PMID: 34418577 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Approaches based on animal and two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models cannot ensure reliable results in modeling novel pathogens or in drug testing in the short term; therefore, there is rising interest in platforms such as organoids. To develop a toolbox that can be used successfully to overcome current issues in modeling various infections, it is essential to provide a framework of recent achievements in applying organoids. Organoids have been used to study viruses, bacteria, and protists that cause, for example, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and liver diseases. Their future as models of infection will be associated with improvements in system complexity, including abilities to model tissue structure, a dynamic microenvironment, and coinfection. Teaser. Organoids are a flexible tool for modelling viral, bacterial and protist infections. They can provide fast and reliable information on the biology of pathogens and in drug screening, and thus have become essential in combatting emerging infectious diseases.
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Cox RM, Sourimant J, Govindarajan M, Natchus MG, Plemper RK. Therapeutic targeting of measles virus polymerase with ERDRP-0519 suppresses all RNA synthesis activity. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009371. [PMID: 33621266 PMCID: PMC7935272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Morbilliviruses, such as measles virus (MeV) and canine distemper virus (CDV), are highly infectious members of the paramyxovirus family. MeV is responsible for major morbidity and mortality in non-vaccinated populations. ERDRP-0519, a pan-morbillivirus small molecule inhibitor for the treatment of measles, targets the morbillivirus RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRP) complex and displayed unparalleled oral efficacy against lethal infection of ferrets with CDV, an established surrogate model for human measles. Resistance profiling identified the L subunit of the RdRP, which harbors all enzymatic activity of the polymerase complex, as the molecular target of inhibition. Here, we examined binding characteristics, physical docking site, and the molecular mechanism of action of ERDRP-0519 through label-free biolayer interferometry, photoaffinity cross-linking, and in vitro RdRP assays using purified MeV RdRP complexes and synthetic templates. Results demonstrate that unlike all other mononegavirus small molecule inhibitors identified to date, ERDRP-0519 inhibits all phosphodiester bond formation in both de novo initiation of RNA synthesis at the promoter and RNA elongation by a committed polymerase complex. Photocrosslinking and resistance profiling-informed ligand docking revealed that this unprecedented mechanism of action of ERDRP-0519 is due to simultaneous engagement of the L protein polyribonucleotidyl transferase (PRNTase)-like domain and the flexible intrusion loop by the compound, pharmacologically locking the polymerase in pre-initiation conformation. This study informs selection of ERDRP-0519 as clinical candidate for measles therapy and identifies a previously unrecognized druggable site in mononegavirus L polymerase proteins that can silence all synthesis of viral RNA. The mononegavirus order contains major established and recently emerged human pathogens. Despite the threat to human health, antiviral therapeutics directed against this order remain understudied. The mononegavirus polymerase complex represents a promising drug target due to its central importance for both virus replication and viral mitigation of the innate host antiviral response. In this study, we have mechanistically characterized a clinical candidate small-molecule MeV polymerase inhibitor. The compound blocked all phosphodiester bond formation activity, a unique mechanism of action unlike all other known mononegavirus polymerase inhibitors. Photocrosslinking-based target site mapping demonstrated that this class-defining prototype inhibitor stabilizes a pre-initiation conformation of the viral polymerase complex that sterically cannot accommodate template RNA. Function-equivalent druggable sites exist in all mononegavirus polymerases. In addition to its direct anti-MeV impact, the insight gained in this study can therefore serve as a blueprint for indication spectrum expansion through structure-informed scaffold engineering or targeted drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Cox
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Julien Sourimant
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mugunthan Govindarajan
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Natchus
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Richard K. Plemper
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cox RM, Wolf JD, Plemper RK. Therapeutically administered ribonucleoside analogue MK-4482/EIDD-2801 blocks SARS-CoV-2 transmission in ferrets. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:11-18. [PMID: 33273742 PMCID: PMC7755744 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-00835-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having a catastrophic impact on human health1. Widespread community transmission has triggered stringent distancing measures with severe socio-economic consequences. Gaining control of the pandemic will depend on the interruption of transmission chains until vaccine-induced or naturally acquired protective herd immunity arises. However, approved antiviral treatments such as remdesivir and reconvalescent serum cannot be delivered orally2,3, making them poorly suitable for transmission control. We previously reported the development of an orally efficacious ribonucleoside analogue inhibitor of influenza viruses, MK-4482/EIDD-2801 (refs. 4,5), that was repurposed for use against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is currently in phase II/III clinical trials (NCT04405570 and NCT04405739). Here, we explored the efficacy of therapeutically administered MK-4482/EIDD-2801 to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 infection and block transmission in the ferret model, given that ferrets and related members of the weasel genus transmit the virus efficiently with minimal clinical signs6-9, which resembles the spread in the human young-adult population. We demonstrate high SARS-CoV-2 burden in nasal tissues and secretions, which coincided with efficient transmission through direct contact. Therapeutic treatment of infected animals with MK-4482/EIDD-2801 twice a day significantly reduced the SARS-CoV-2 load in the upper respiratory tract and completely suppressed spread to untreated contact animals. This study identified oral MK-4482/EIDD-2801 as a promising antiviral countermeasure to break SARS-CoV-2 community transmission chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Cox
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Josef D Wolf
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard K Plemper
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Groaz E, De Clercq E, Herdewijn P. Anno 2021: Which antivirals for the coming decade? ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 57:49-107. [PMID: 34744210 PMCID: PMC8563371 DOI: 10.1016/bs.armc.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable progress in the development of antiviral drugs, among which anti-immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) medications can be considered real success stories, many viral infections remain without an effective treatment. This not only applies to infectious outbreaks caused by zoonotic viruses that have recently spilled over into humans such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but also ancient viral diseases that have been brought under control by vaccination such as variola (smallpox), poliomyelitis, measles, and rabies. A largely unsolved problem are endemic respiratory infections due to influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinoviruses, whose associated morbidity will likely worsen with increasing air pollution. Furthermore, climate changes will expose industrialized countries to a dangerous resurgence of viral hemorrhagic fevers, which might also become global infections. Herein, we summarize the recent progress that has been made in the search for new antivirals against these different threats that the world population will need to confront with increasing frequency in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Groaz
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Corresponding author:
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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