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Ma Z, Zuo T, Frey N, Rangrez AY. A systematic framework for understanding the microbiome in human health and disease: from basic principles to clinical translation. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:237. [PMID: 39307902 PMCID: PMC11418828 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome is a complex and dynamic system that plays important roles in human health and disease. However, there remain limitations and theoretical gaps in our current understanding of the intricate relationship between microbes and humans. In this narrative review, we integrate the knowledge and insights from various fields, including anatomy, physiology, immunology, histology, genetics, and evolution, to propose a systematic framework. It introduces key concepts such as the 'innate and adaptive genomes', which enhance genetic and evolutionary comprehension of the human genome. The 'germ-free syndrome' challenges the traditional 'microbes as pathogens' view, advocating for the necessity of microbes for health. The 'slave tissue' concept underscores the symbiotic intricacies between human tissues and their microbial counterparts, highlighting the dynamic health implications of microbial interactions. 'Acquired microbial immunity' positions the microbiome as an adjunct to human immune systems, providing a rationale for probiotic therapies and prudent antibiotic use. The 'homeostatic reprogramming hypothesis' integrates the microbiome into the internal environment theory, potentially explaining the change in homeostatic indicators post-industrialization. The 'cell-microbe co-ecology model' elucidates the symbiotic regulation affecting cellular balance, while the 'meta-host model' broadens the host definition to include symbiotic microbes. The 'health-illness conversion model' encapsulates the innate and adaptive genomes' interplay and dysbiosis patterns. The aim here is to provide a more focused and coherent understanding of microbiome and highlight future research avenues that could lead to a more effective and efficient healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Tao Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ashraf Yusuf Rangrez
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.
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2
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Kim HB, Cho YJ, Choi SS. Metformin increases gut multidrug resistance genes in type 2 diabetes, potentially linked to Escherichia coli. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21480. [PMID: 39277620 PMCID: PMC11401871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72467-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the most commonly prescribed medication for treating type 2 diabetes (T2D). It is known that metformin can alter the gut microbiome, which influences the effectiveness of metformin treatment. We posited that if the gut microbiome, a reservoir of the resistome, is altered, then the resistome should change as well. To test this hypothesis, we reanalyzed microbiome data generated by Wu et al. (Nat Med 23(7):850-858, 2017), identifying antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and bacterial species. Through read-based analysis, we observed that the abundance of ARGs indeed changed in many samples treated with metformin. Moreover, the altered pattern was sufficiently heterogeneous across individual samples to allow subcategorization. We also found a strong correlation between the abundance of multidrug-resistant ARGs (MDR-ARGs) and the presence of E. coli. The contig-based analysis led to the same conclusion: an increase in MDR-ARGs due to metformin was associated with an increase in E. coli. In relation to this, we were able to confirm that the majority of MDR-ARGs are likely to originate from E. coli. These results suggest that metformin may have the potential side effect of increasing E. coli carrying ARGs, particularly MDR-ARGs, which could be a concern in T2D therapy that relies on metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Bin Kim
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Joon Cho
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Multidimensional Genomics Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Shim Choi
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Li J, O’Toole PW. Disease-associated microbiome signature species in the gut. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae352. [PMID: 39228810 PMCID: PMC11370893 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
There is an accumulation of evidence that the human gut microbiota plays a role in maintaining health, and that an altered gut microbiota (sometimes called dysbiosis) associates with risk for many noncommunicable diseases. However, the dynamics of disease-linked bacteria in the gut and other body sites remain unclear. If microbiome alterations prove causative in particular diseases, therapeutic intervention may be possible. Furthermore, microbial signature taxa have been established for the diagnosis of some diseases like colon cancer. We identified 163 disease-enriched and 98 disease-depleted gut microbiome signature taxa at species-level resolution (signature species) from 10 meta-analyses of multiple diseases such as colorectal cancer, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, pancreatic cancer, and COVID-19 infection. Eight signature species were enriched and nine were depleted across at least half of the diseases studied. Compared with signature species depleted in diseases, a significantly higher proportion of disease-enriched signature species were identified as extra-intestinal (primarily oral) inhabitants, had been reported in bacteremia cases from the literature, and were aerotolerant anaerobes. These findings highlight the potential involvement of oral microbes, bacteremia isolates, and aerotolerant anaerobes in disease-associated gut microbiome alterations, and they have implications for patient care and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Li
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Paul W O’Toole
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
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4
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Luecke SM, Aryee G, Holman DB, Schmidt KN, King LE, Crouse MS, Ward AK, Dahlen CR, Caton JS, Amat S. Effects of dietary restriction and one-carbon metabolite supplementation during the first 63 days of gestation on the maternal gut, vaginal, and blood microbiota in cattle. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:48. [PMID: 39210404 PMCID: PMC11360793 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal diet quality and quantity have significant impacts on both maternal and fetal health and development. The composition and function of the maternal gut microbiome is also significantly influenced by diet; however, little is known about the impact of gestational nutrient restriction on the bovine maternal microbiome during early gestation, which is a critical stage for maternal microbiome-mediated fetal programming to take place. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impacts of diet restriction and one-carbon metabolite (OCM) supplementation during early gestation on maternal ruminal, vaginal, and blood microbiota in cattle. Thirty-three beef heifers (approx. 14 months old) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with main factors of target gain (control [CON]; targeted 0.45 kg/d gain vs restricted [RES]; targeted - 0.23 kg/d gain), and OCM supplementation (+ OCM vs - OCM; n = 8/treatment; except n = 9 for RES-OCM). Heifers were individually fed, starting treatment at breeding (d 0) and concluding at d 63 of gestation. Ruminal fluid and vaginal swabs were collected on d - 2, d 35, and d 63 (at necropsy) and whole blood was collected on d 63 (necropsy). Bacterial microbiota was assessed using 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4) sequencing. RESULTS Overall ruminal microbiota structure was affected by gain, OCM, time, and their interactions. The RES heifers had greater microbial richness (observed ASVs) but neither Shannon nor Inverse Simpson diversity was significantly influenced by gain or OCM supplementation; however, on d 63, 34 bacterial genera showed differential abundance in the ruminal fluid, with 25 genera enriched in RES heifers as compared to CON heifers. In addition, the overall interaction network structure of the ruminal microbiota changed due to diet restriction. The vaginal microbiota community structure was influenced by gain and time. Overall microbial richness and diversity of the vaginal microbiota steadily increased as pregnancy progressed. The vaginal ecological network structure was distinctive between RES and CON heifers with genera-genera interactions being intensified in RES heifers. A relatively diverse bacterial community was detected in blood samples, and the composition of the blood microbiota differed from that of ruminal and vaginal microbiota. CONCLUSION Restricted dietary intake during early gestation induced significant alterations in the ruminal microbiota which also extended to the vaginal microbiota. The composition of these two microbial communities was largely unaffected by OCM supplementation. Blood associated microbiota was largely distinctive from the ruminal and vaginal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Luecke
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Godson Aryee
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Devin B Holman
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - Kaycie N Schmidt
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Layla E King
- Department of Animal Sciences, and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Matthew S Crouse
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, USA
| | - Alison K Ward
- Department of Animal Sciences, and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Carl R Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Joel S Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences, and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Samat Amat
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
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5
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Austin GI, Korem T. Planning and Analyzing a Low-Biomass Microbiome Study: A Data Analysis Perspective. J Infect Dis 2024:jiae378. [PMID: 39189314 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As investigations of low-biomass microbial communities have become more common, so too has the recognition of major challenges affecting these analyses. These challenges have been shown to compromise biological conclusions and have contributed to several controversies. Here, we review some of the most common and influential challenges in low-biomass microbiome research. We highlight key approaches to alleviate these potential pitfalls, combining experimental planning strategies and data analysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- George I Austin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology
| | - Tal Korem
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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6
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Koliarakis I, Lagkouvardos I, Vogiatzoglou K, Tsamandouras I, Intze E, Messaritakis I, Souglakos J, Tsiaoussis J. Circulating Bacterial DNA in Colorectal Cancer Patients: The Potential Role of Fusobacterium nucleatum. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9025. [PMID: 39201711 PMCID: PMC11354820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal dysbiosis is a major contributor to colorectal cancer (CRC) development, leading to bacterial translocation into the bloodstream. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of circulated bacterial DNA (cbDNA) in CRC patients (n = 75) and healthy individuals (n = 25). DNA extracted from peripheral blood was analyzed using PCR, with specific primers targeting 16S rRNA, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum). High 16S rRNA and E. coli detections were observed in all patients and controls. Only the detection of F. nucleatum was significantly higher in metastatic non-excised CRC, compared to controls (p < 0.001), non-metastatic excised CRC (p = 0.023), and metastatic excised CRC (p = 0.023). This effect was mainly attributed to the presence of the primary tumor (p = 0.006) but not the presence of distant metastases (p = 0.217). The association of cbDNA with other clinical parameters or co-morbidities was also evaluated, revealing a higher detection of E. coli in CRC patients with diabetes (p = 0.004). These results highlighted the importance of bacterial translocation in CRC patients and the potential role of F. nucleatum as an intratumoral oncomicrobe in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Koliarakis
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Ilias Lagkouvardos
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (I.L.); (E.I.)
| | - Konstantinos Vogiatzoglou
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (K.V.); (I.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Ioannis Tsamandouras
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Evangelia Intze
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (I.L.); (E.I.)
| | - Ippokratis Messaritakis
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (K.V.); (I.M.); (J.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, German Oncology Center, Yiannoukas Labs LTD, Bioiatriki Group, Limassol 4108, Cyprus
| | - John Souglakos
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (K.V.); (I.M.); (J.S.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Tsiaoussis
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
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7
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Zhang H, Fu L, Leiliang X, Qu C, Wu W, Wen R, Huang N, He Q, Cheng Q, Liu G, Cheng Y. Beyond the Gut: The intratumoral microbiome's influence on tumorigenesis and treatment response. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024. [PMID: 39087354 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The intratumoral microbiome (TM) refers to the microorganisms in the tumor tissues, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and so on, and is distinct from the gut microbiome and circulating microbiota. TM is strongly associated with tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and response to therapy. This paper highlights the current status of TM. Tract sources, adjacent normal tissue, circulatory system, and concomitant tumor co-metastasis are the main origin of TM. The advanced techniques in TM analysis are comprehensively summarized. Besides, TM is involved in tumor progression through several mechanisms, including DNA damage, activation of oncogenic signaling pathways (phosphoinositide 3-kinase [PI3K], signal transducer and activator of transcription [STAT], WNT/β-catenin, and extracellular regulated protein kinases [ERK]), influence of cytokines and induce inflammatory responses, and interaction with the tumor microenvironment (anti-tumor immunity, pro-tumor immunity, and microbial-derived metabolites). Moreover, promising directions of TM in tumor therapy include immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, the application of probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics, fecal microbiome transplantation, engineered microbiota, phage therapy, and oncolytic virus therapy. The inherent challenges of clinical application are also summarized. This review provides a comprehensive landscape for analyzing TM, especially the TM-related mechanisms and TM-based treatment in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xinwen Leiliang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Chunrun Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Wantao Wu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Rong Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qiuguang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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8
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Zhou W, Karan KR, Gu W, Klein HU, Sturm G, De Jager PL, Bennett DA, Hirano M, Picard M, Mills RE. Somatic nuclear mitochondrial DNA insertions are prevalent in the human brain and accumulate over time in fibroblasts. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002723. [PMID: 39172952 PMCID: PMC11340991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The transfer of mitochondrial DNA into the nuclear genomes of eukaryotes (Numts) has been linked to lifespan in nonhuman species and recently demonstrated to occur in rare instances from one human generation to the next. Here, we investigated numtogenesis dynamics in humans in 2 ways. First, we quantified Numts in 1,187 postmortem brain and blood samples from different individuals. Compared to circulating immune cells (n = 389), postmitotic brain tissue (n = 798) contained more Numts, consistent with their potential somatic accumulation. Within brain samples, we observed a 5.5-fold enrichment of somatic Numt insertions in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) compared to cerebellum samples, suggesting that brain Numts arose spontaneously during development or across the lifespan. Moreover, an increase in the number of brain Numts was linked to earlier mortality. The brains of individuals with no cognitive impairment (NCI) who died at younger ages carried approximately 2 more Numts per decade of life lost than those who lived longer. Second, we tested the dynamic transfer of Numts using a repeated-measures whole-genome sequencing design in a human fibroblast model that recapitulates several molecular hallmarks of aging. These longitudinal experiments revealed a gradual accumulation of 1 Numt every ~13 days. Numtogenesis was independent of large-scale genomic instability and unlikely driven by cell clonality. Targeted pharmacological perturbations including chronic glucocorticoid signaling or impairing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) only modestly increased the rate of numtogenesis, whereas patient-derived SURF1-mutant cells exhibiting mtDNA instability accumulated Numts 4.7-fold faster than healthy donors. Combined, our data document spontaneous numtogenesis in human cells and demonstrate an association between brain cortical somatic Numts and human lifespan. These findings open the possibility that mito-nuclear horizontal gene transfer among human postmitotic tissues produces functionally relevant human Numts over timescales shorter than previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Zhou
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kalpita R. Karan
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Wenjin Gu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Hans-Ulrich Klein
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Sturm
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michio Hirano
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia University Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
- Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ryan E. Mills
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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9
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Kyriazi AA, Karaglani M, Agelaki S, Baritaki S. Intratumoral Microbiome: Foe or Friend in Reshaping the Tumor Microenvironment Landscape? Cells 2024; 13:1279. [PMID: 39120310 PMCID: PMC11312414 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of the microbiome in cancer and its crosstalk with the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been extensively studied and characterized. An emerging field in the cancer microbiome research is the concept of the intratumoral microbiome, which refers to the microbiome residing within the tumor. This microbiome primarily originates from the local microbiome of the tumor-bearing tissue or from translocating microbiome from distant sites, such as the gut. Despite the increasing number of studies on intratumoral microbiome, it remains unclear whether it is a driver or a bystander of oncogenesis and tumor progression. This review aims to elucidate the intricate role of the intratumoral microbiome in tumor development by exploring its effects on reshaping the multileveled ecosystem in which tumors thrive, the TME. To dissect the complexity and the multitude of layers within the TME, we distinguish six specialized tumor microenvironments, namely, the immune, metabolic, hypoxic, acidic, mechanical and innervated microenvironments. Accordingly, we attempt to decipher the effects of the intratumoral microbiome on each specialized microenvironment and ultimately decode its tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive impact. Additionally, we portray the intratumoral microbiome as an orchestrator in the tumor milieu, fine-tuning the responses in distinct, specialized microenvironments and remodeling the TME in a multileveled and multifaceted manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina A. Kyriazi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Makrina Karaglani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Sofia Agelaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Stavroula Baritaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
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10
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Yuan X, Yang X, Xu Z, Li J, Sun C, Chen R, Wei H, Chen L, Du H, Li G, Yang Y, Chen X, Cui L, Fu J, Wu J, Chen Z, Fang X, Su Z, Zhang M, Wu J, Chen X, Zhou J, Luo Y, Zhang L, Wang R, Luo F. The profile of blood microbiome in new-onset type 1 diabetes children. iScience 2024; 27:110252. [PMID: 39027370 PMCID: PMC11255850 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood microbiome signatures in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) remain unclear. We profile blood microbiome using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in 77 controls and 64 children with new-onset T1D, and compared it with the gut and oral microbiomes. The blood microbiome of patients with T1D is characterized by increased diversity and perturbed microbial features, with a significant increase in potentially pathogenic bacteria compared with controls. Thirty-six representative genera of blood microbiome were identified by random forest analysis, providing strong discriminatory power for T1D with an AUC of 0.82. PICRUSt analysis suggested that bacteria capable of inducing inflammation were more likely to enter the bloodstream in T1D. The overlap of the gut and oral microbiome with the blood microbiome implied potential translocation of bacteria from the gut and oral cavity to the bloodstream. Our study raised the necessity of further mechanistic investigations into the roles of blood microbiome in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Yuan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Section of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Zhenran Xu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Jie Li
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - ChengJun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Ruimin Chen
- Fuzhou Children’s Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Linqi Chen
- Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Hongwei Du
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Guimei Li
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Yu Yang
- The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, The Children’s Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - Lanwei Cui
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Junfen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310005, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Department of Neuroendocrinology Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Zhe Su
- Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China
| | - Miaoying Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Feihong Luo
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
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11
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Barbaro MR, Cremon C, Marasco G, Savarino E, Guglielmetti S, Bonomini F, Palombo M, Fuschi D, Rotondo L, Mantegazza G, Duncan R, di Sabatino A, Valente S, Pasquinelli G, Vergnolle N, Stanghellini V, Collins SM, Barbara G. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Loss of Vascular and Epithelial Integrity in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Gastroenterology 2024:S0016-5085(24)05204-1. [PMID: 39004156 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is multifactorial and includes epithelial barrier dysfunction, a key element at the interface between the gut lumen and the deeper intestinal layers. Beneath the epithelial barrier there is the vascular one representing the last barrier to avoid luminal antigen dissemination The aims of this study were to correlate morpho-functional aspects of epithelial and vascular barriers with symptom perception in IBS. METHODS Seventy-eight healthy subjects (controls) and 223 patients with IBS were enrolled in the study and phenotyped according to validated questionnaires. Sugar test was used to evaluate in vivo permeability. Immunohistochemistry, western blot, and electron microscopy were used to characterize the vascular barrier. Vascular permeability was evaluated by assessing the mucosal expression of plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein-1 and vascular endothelial cadherin. Caco-2 or human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers were incubated with soluble mediators released by mucosal biopsies to highlight the mechanisms involved in permeability alteration. Correlation analyses have been performed among experimental and clinical data. RESULTS The intestinal epithelial barrier was compromised in patients with IBS throughout the gastrointestinal tract. IBS-soluble mediators increased Caco-2 permeability via a downregulation of tight junction gene expression. Blood vessel density and vascular permeability were increased in the IBS colonic mucosa. IBS mucosal mediators increased permeability in human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers through the activation of protease-activated receptor-2 and histone deacetylase 11, resulting in vascular endothelial cadherin downregulation. Permeability changes correlated with intestinal and behavioral symptoms and health-related quality of life of patients with IBS. CONCLUSIONS Epithelial and vascular barriers are compromised in patients with IBS and contribute to clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cesare Cremon
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marasco
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Savarino
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology of the University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Bonomini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Palombo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Fuschi
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Rotondo
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mantegazza
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Robin Duncan
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio di Sabatino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine 1, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Valente
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Vincenzo Stanghellini
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stephen M Collins
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giovanni Barbara
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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12
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Zhang A, Sun T, Yu D, Fu R, Liu X, Xue F, Liu W, Ju M, Dai X, Dong H, Gu W, Chen J, Chi Y, Li H, Wang W, Yang R, Chen Y, Zhang L. Multi-omics differences in the bone marrow between essential thrombocythemia and prefibrotic primary myelofibrosis. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:154. [PMID: 38972952 PMCID: PMC11228008 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Essential thrombocythemia (ET) and prefibrotic primary myelofibrosis (pre-PMF) are Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. These conditions share overlapping clinical presentations; however, their prognoses differ significantly. Current morphological diagnostic methods lack reliability in subtype differentiation, underlining the need for improved diagnostics. The aim of this study was to investigate the multi-omics alterations in bone marrow biopsies of patients with ET and pre-PMF to improve our understanding of the nuanced diagnostic characteristics of both diseases. We performed proteomic analysis with 4D direct data-independent acquisition and microbiome analysis with 2bRAD-M sequencing technology to identify differential protein and microbe levels between untreated patients with ET and pre-PMF. Laboratory and multi-omics differences were observed between ET and pre-PMF, encompassing diverse pathways, such as lipid metabolism and immune response. The pre-PMF group showed an increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and decreased high-density lipoprotein and cholesterol levels. Protein analysis revealed significantly higher CXCR2, CXCR4, and MX1 levels in pre-PMF, while APOC3, APOA4, FABP4, C5, and CFB levels were elevated in ET, with diagnostic accuracy indicated by AUC values ranging from 0.786 to 0.881. Microbiome assessment identified increased levels of Mycobacterium, Xanthobacter, and L1I39 in pre-PMF, whereas Sphingomonas, Brevibacillus, and Pseudomonas_E were significantly decreased, with AUCs for these genera ranging from 0.833 to 0.929. Our study provides preliminary insights into the proteomic and microbiome variations in the bone marrow of patients with ET and pre-PMF, identifying specific proteins and bacterial genera that warrant further investigation as potential diagnostic indicators. These observations contribute to our evolving understanding of the multi-omics variations and possible mechanisms underlying ET and pre-PMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Ting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Rongfeng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiaofan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Feng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Mankai Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xinyue Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Huan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Wenjing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Ying Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Huiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Wentian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Renchi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Yunfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, 300020, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China.
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13
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Santacroce L, Charitos IA, Colella M, Palmirotta R, Jirillo E. Blood Microbiota and Its Products: Mechanisms of Interference with Host Cells and Clinical Outcomes. Hematol Rep 2024; 16:440-453. [PMID: 39051416 PMCID: PMC11270377 DOI: 10.3390/hematolrep16030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In healthy conditions, blood was considered a sterile environment until the development of new analytical approaches that allowed for the detection of circulating bacterial ribosomal DNA. Currently, debate exists on the origin of the blood microbiota. According to advanced research using dark field microscopy, fluorescent in situ hybridization, flow cytometry, and electron microscopy, so-called microbiota have been detected in the blood. Conversely, others have reported no evidence of a common blood microbiota. Then, it was hypothesized that blood microbiota may derive from distant sites, e.g., the gut or external contamination of blood samples. Alteration of the blood microbiota's equilibrium may lead to dysbiosis and, in certain cases, disease. Cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatic, kidney, neoplastic, and immune diseases have been associated with the presence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and/or their products in the blood. For instance, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and endotoxins may contribute to tissue damage, fueling chronic inflammation. Blood bacteria can interact with immune cells, especially with monocytes that engulf microorganisms and T lymphocytes via spontaneous binding to their membranes. Moreover, LPSs, extracellular vesicles, and outer membrane vesicles interact with red blood cells and immune cells, reaching distant organs. This review aims to describe the composition of blood microbiota in healthy individuals and those with disease conditions. Furthermore, special emphasis is placed on the interaction of blood microbiota with host cells to better understand disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy (R.P.); (E.J.)
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, Institute of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Marica Colella
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy (R.P.); (E.J.)
- Doctoral School, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy (R.P.); (E.J.)
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy (R.P.); (E.J.)
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14
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Massier L, Musat N, Stumvoll M, Tremaroli V, Chakaroun R, Kovacs P. Tissue-resident bacteria in metabolic diseases: emerging evidence and challenges. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1209-1224. [PMID: 38898236 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Although the impact of the gut microbiome on health and disease is well established, there is controversy regarding the presence of microorganisms such as bacteria and their products in organs and tissues. However, recent contamination-aware findings of tissue-resident microbial signatures provide accumulating evidence in support of bacterial translocation in cardiometabolic disease. The latter provides a distinct paradigm for the link between microbial colonizers of mucosal surfaces and host metabolism. In this Perspective, we re-evaluate the concept of tissue-resident bacteria including their role in metabolic low-grade tissue and systemic inflammation. We examine the limitations and challenges associated with studying low bacterial biomass samples and propose experimental and analytical strategies to overcome these issues. Our Perspective aims to encourage further investigation of the mechanisms linking tissue-resident bacteria to host metabolism and their potentially actionable health implications for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Massier
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niculina Musat
- Aarhus University, Department of Biology, Section for Microbiology, Århus, Denmark
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Valentina Tremaroli
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rima Chakaroun
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
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15
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Heinz AT, Grumaz S, Slavetinsky C, Döring M, Queudeville M, Handgretinger R, Ebinger M. No evidence on infectious DNA-based agents in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia using whole metagenome shotgun sequencing. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1355787. [PMID: 38975323 PMCID: PMC11224432 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1355787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The etiology of pediatric acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL) is still unclear. Whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing of bone marrow samples in patients with treatment-naïve ALL (n=6) was performed for untargeted investigation of bacterial and viral DNA. The control group consisted of healthy children (n=4) and children with non-oncologic diseases (n=2) undergoing bone marrow sampling. Peripheral blood of all participants was investigated at the same time. After bioinformatical elimination of potential contaminants by comparison with the employed controls, no significant amounts of microbial or viral DNA were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadeus T. Heinz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children´s Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Stuttgart Cancer Center, Zentrum für Kinder-, Jugend- und Frauenmedizin (Olgahospital), Pädiatrie 5 (Pädiatrische Onkologie, Hämatologie, Immunologie), Klinikum der Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Slavetinsky
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children´s Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michaela Döring
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children´s Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Manon Queudeville
- Department for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Klinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Martin Ebinger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children´s Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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16
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Fu C, Zhang Y, Liang L, Lin H, Shan K, Liu F, Feng N. The microbiota in patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: a systematic review. BJU Int 2024. [PMID: 38890150 DOI: 10.1111/bju.16439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To comprehensively review and critically assess the literature on microbiota differences between patients with interstitial cystitis (IC)/bladder pain syndrome (BPS) and normal controls and to provide clinical practice guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this systematic review, we evaluated previous research on microbiota disparities between IC/BPS and normal controls, as well as distinctions among IC/BPS subgroups. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Relevant studies were shortlisted based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, followed by quality assessment. The primary focus was identifying specific taxonomic variations among these cohorts. RESULTS A total of 12 studies met the selection criteria. Discrepancies were adjudicated by a third reviewer. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality. Predominantly, the studies focused on disparities in urine microbiota between IC/BPS patients and normal controls, with one study examining gut microbiota differences between the groups, and two studies exploring vaginal microbiota distinctions. Unfortunately, analyses of discrepancies in other microbiota were limited. Our findings revealed evidence of distinct bacterial abundance variations, particularly involving Lactobacillus, alongside variations in specific metabolites among IC/BPS patients compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Currently, there is evidence suggesting significant variations in the diversity and species composition of the urinary microbiota between individuals diagnosed with IC/BPS and control groups. In the foreseeable future, urologists should consider urine microbiota dysbiosis as a potential aetiology for IC, with potential clinical implications for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Fu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Nantong University Medical School, Nantong, China
| | - Linghui Liang
- Department of Urology, Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Urology, Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Kai Shan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengping Liu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Urology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Urology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
- Department of Urology, Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- Nantong University Medical School, Nantong, China
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17
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Chang H, Liu Y, Wang Y, Li L, Mu Y, Zheng M, Liu J, Zhang J, Bai R, Li Y, Zuo X. Unveiling the Links Between Microbial Alteration and Host Gene Disarray in Crohn's Disease via TAHMC. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024:e2400064. [PMID: 38837746 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
A compelling correlation method linking microbial communities and host gene expression in tissues is currently absent. A novel pipeline is proposed, dubbed Transcriptome Analysis of Host-Microbiome Crosstalk (TAHMC), designed to concurrently restore both host gene expression and microbial quantification from bulk RNA-seq data. Employing this approach, it discerned associations between the tissue microbiome and host immunity in the context of Crohn's disease (CD). Further, machine learning is utilized to separately construct networks of associations among host mRNA, long non-coding RNA, and tissue microbes. Unique host genes and tissue microbes are extracted from these networks for potential utility in CD diagnosis. Experimental validation of the predicted host gene regulation by microbes from the association network is achieved through the co-culturing of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii with Caco-2 cells. Collectively, the TAHMC pipeline accurately recovers both host gene expression and microbial quantification from CD RNA-seq data, thereby illuminating potential causal links between shifts in microbial composition as well as diversity within CD mucosal tissues and aberrant host gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yongshuai Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lixiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for digestive disease, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Robot engineering laboratory for precise diagnosis and therapy of GI tumor, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yijun Mu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Mengqi Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Junfei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Runze Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for digestive disease, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Robot engineering laboratory for precise diagnosis and therapy of GI tumor, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiuli Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for digestive disease, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Robot engineering laboratory for precise diagnosis and therapy of GI tumor, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
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18
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Zhou L, Zhang W, Fan S, Wang D, Tang D. The value of intratumoral microbiota in the diagnosis and prognosis of tumors. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3999. [PMID: 38571320 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Intratumoral microbiota (ITM) are microorganisms present in tumor cells. ITM participate in tumor development by affecting tumor cells directly and the tumor microenvironment (TME), indirectly. Alterations in ITM instigate changes in tumor DNA, activate oncogenic pathways, induce tumor inflammatory responses, disrupt normal immune activity, and facilitate the secretion of effectors leading to tumor progression, metastasis, or diminished therapeutic effects. ITM varies significantly in different types of cancer cells and disease states. The presence of certain ITM serves as a predictor of various disease states. Thus, ITM predicts tumorigenesis, tumor grade, treatment efficacy, and prognosis, making it a potential tumor biomarker. The present study aimed to determine the mechanisms by which ITM affects tumor development, especially through the TME; highlight the significant potential of ITM in enhancing tumor diagnosis and prognosis; and outline future directions for ITM research, with a focus on the development of innovative tumor markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Zhou
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiying Fan
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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19
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Zhai T, Ren W, Ji X, Wang Y, Chen H, Jin Y, Liang Q, Zhang N, Huang J. Distinct compositions and functions of circulating microbial DNA in the peripheral blood compared to fecal microbial DNA in healthy individuals. mSystems 2024; 9:e0000824. [PMID: 38426796 PMCID: PMC10949464 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00008-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The crucial function of circulating microbial DNA (cmDNA) in peripheral blood is gaining recognition because of its importance in normal physiology and immunity in healthy individuals. Evidence suggests that cmDNA in peripheral blood is derived from highly abundant, translocating gut microbes. However, the associations with and differences between cmDNA in peripheral blood and the gut microbiome remain unclear. We collected blood, urine, and fecal samples from volunteers to compare their microbial information via 16S rDNA sequencing. The results revealed that, compared with gut microbial DNA, cmDNA in peripheral blood was associated with reduced diversity and a distinct microbiota composition. The cmDNA in the blood reflects the biochemical processes of microorganisms, including synthesis, energy conversion, degradation, and adaptability, surpassing that of fecal samples. Interestingly, cmDNA in blood showed a limited presence of DNA from anaerobes and gram-positive bacteria, which contrast with the trend observed in fecal samples. Furthermore, analysis of cmDNA revealed traits associated with mobile elements and potential pathologies, among others, which were minimal in stool samples. Notably, cmDNA analysis indicated similarities between the microbial functions and phenotypes in blood and urine samples, although greater diversity was observed in urine samples. Source Tracker analysis suggests that gut microbes might not be the main source of blood cmDNA, or a selective mechanism allows only certain microbial DNA into the bloodstream. In conclusion, our study highlights the composition and potential functions associated with cmDNA in peripheral blood, emphasizing its selective presence; however, further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms involved.IMPORTANCEOur research provides novel insights into the unique characteristics and potential functional implications of circulating microbial DNA (cmDNA) in peripheral blood. Unlike other studies that analyzed sequencing data from fecal or blood microbiota in different study cohorts, our comparative analysis of cmDNA from blood, urine, and fecal samples from the same group of volunteers revealed a distinct blood-specific cmDNA composition. We discovered a decreased diversity of microbial DNA in blood samples compared to fecal samples as well as an increased presence of biochemical processes microbial DNA in blood. Notably, we add to the existing knowledge by documenting a reduced abundance of anaerobes and gram-positive bacteria in blood compared to fecal samples according to the analysis of cmDNA and gut microbial DNA, respectively. This observation suggested that a potential selective barrier or screening mechanism might filter microbial DNA molecules, indicating potential selectivity in the translocation process which contrasts with the traditional view that cmDNA primarily originates from random translocation from the gut and other regions. By highlighting these differences, our findings prompt a reconsideration of the origin and role of cmDNA in blood circulation and suggest that selective processes involving more complex biological mechanisms may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyu Zhai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenbo Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xufeng Ji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- College of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Haizhen Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuting Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiao Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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20
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Michán‐Doña A, Vázquez‐Borrego MC, Michán C. Are there any completely sterile organs or tissues in the human body? Is there any sacred place? Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14442. [PMID: 38465728 PMCID: PMC10926192 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome comprises an ample set of organisms that inhabit and interact within the human body, contributing both positively and negatively to our health. In recent years, several research groups have described the presence of microorganisms in organs or tissues traditionally considered as 'sterile' under healthy and pathological conditions. In this sense, microorganisms have been detected in several types of cancer, including those in 'sterile' organs. But how can the presence of microorganisms be detected? In most studies, 16S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing has led to the identification of prokaryotes and fungi. However, a major limitation of this technique is that it cannot distinguish between living and dead organisms. RNA-based methods have been proposed to overcome this limitation, as the shorter half-life of the RNA would identify only the transcriptionally active microorganisms, although perhaps not all the viable ones. In this sense, metaproteomic techniques or the search for molecular metabolic signatures could be interesting alternatives for the identification of living microorganisms. In summary, new technological advances are challenging the notion of 'sterile' organs in our body. However, to date, evidence for a structured living microbiome in most of these organs is scarce or non-existent. The implementation of new technological approaches will be necessary to fully understand the importance of the microbiome in these organs, which could pave the way for the development of a wide range of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Michán‐Doña
- Departamento de MedicinaHospital Universitario de JerezJerez de la FronteraSpain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA)CádizSpain
| | - Mari C. Vázquez‐Borrego
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)CórdobaSpain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3Universidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Carmen Michán
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)CórdobaSpain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3Universidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
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21
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Xu J, Yu L, Ye S, Ye Z, Yang L, Xu X. Oral microbiota-host interaction: the chief culprit of alveolar bone resorption. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1254516. [PMID: 38455060 PMCID: PMC10918469 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1254516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
There exists a bidirectional relationship between oral health and general well-being, with an imbalance in oral symbiotic flora posing a threat to overall human health. Disruptions in the commensal flora can lead to oral diseases, while systemic illnesses can also impact the oral cavity, resulting in the development of oral diseases and disorders. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, known as pathogenic bacteria associated with periodontitis, play a crucial role in linking periodontitis to accompanying systemic diseases. In periodontal tissues, these bacteria, along with their virulence factors, can excessively activate the host immune system through local diffusion, lymphatic circulation, and blood transmission. This immune response disruption contributes to an imbalance in osteoimmune mechanisms, alveolar bone resorption, and potential systemic inflammation. To restore local homeostasis, a deeper understanding of microbiota-host interactions and the immune network phenotype in local tissues is imperative. Defining the immune network phenotype in periodontal tissues offers a promising avenue for investigating the complex characteristics of oral plaque biofilms and exploring the potential relationship between periodontitis and associated systemic diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying Porphyromonas gingivalis- and Fusobacterium nucleatum-induced alveolar bone resorption, as well as the immunophenotypes observed in host periodontal tissues during pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Surong Ye
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zitong Ye
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Luyi Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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22
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Ko YK, Kim E, Lee EJ, Nam SJ, Kim Y, Kim S, Choi SY, Kim HY, Choi Y. Enrichment of infection-associated bacteria in the low biomass brain bacteriota of Alzheimer's disease patients. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296307. [PMID: 38335187 PMCID: PMC10857729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease accompanied by neuroimmune inflammation in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Recently, the presence of bacteria in AD-affected brains has been documented, prompting speculation about their potential role in AD-associated neuroinflammation. However, the characterization of bacteriota in human brains affected by AD remains inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate potential associations between specific bacteria and AD pathology by examining brain tissues from AD-associated neurodegenerative regions (frontal cortex and hippocampus) and the non-AD-associated hypothalamus. Employing 16S rRNA gene sequencing, 30 postmortem brain tissue samples from four individuals with normal brain histology (N) and four AD patients were analyzed, along with three blank controls. A remarkably low biomass characterized the brain bacteriota, with their overall structures delineated primarily by brain regions rather than the presence of AD. While most analyzed parameters exhibited no significant distinction in the brain bacteriota between the N and AD groups, the unique detection of Cloacibacterium normanense in the AD-associated neurodegenerative regions stood out. Additionally, infection-associated bacteria, as opposed to periodontal pathogens, were notably enriched in AD brains. This study's findings provide valuable insights into potential link between bacterial infection and neuroinflammation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Kyeong Ko
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbi Kim
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Nam
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeshin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongheon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Choi
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngnim Choi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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23
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Spalinger MR, Scharl M. Microbiota Manipulation as an Emerging Concept in Cancer Therapy. Visc Med 2024; 40:2-11. [PMID: 38312366 PMCID: PMC10836949 DOI: 10.1159/000534810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The human body is colonized by billions of bacteria that provide nutrients to the host, train our immune system, and importantly affect our heath. It has long been suggested that microbes might play a role in tumor pathogenesis; however, compelling evidence was only provided in the past decades when novel detection methods that do not depend on culturing techniques had been developed. Summary The microbiome impacts tumor development and anti-tumor therapies on various levels. Bacteria can promote or suppress tumor growth via direct interactions with cancer cells, production of metabolites that promote or inhibit tumor growth, and via stimulation or suppression of the local and systemic immune response. Cancer patients harbor a distinct microbiome when compared to healthy controls, which could potentially be employed to detect, identify, and treat cancer. Manipulation of the microbiome either via supplementation of single strains, bacterial consortia, fecal microbiota transfer or the use of pre- and probiotics has been suggested as therapeutic approach to directly target tumor growth or to enhance the efficacy of current state-of-the-art treatment options. Key Messages (1) Bacteria have a tremendous impact on anti-cancer immune responses. (2) Cancer patients harbor a distinct microbiome when compared to healthy controls. (3) The microbiome seems to be cancer-type specific. (4) Exploitation of bacteria to promote anti-tumor therapy is a novel, very promising venue in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Liu Y, Altreuter J, Bodapati S, Cristea S, Wong CJ, Wu CJ, Michor F. Predicting patient outcomes after treatment with immune checkpoint blockade: A review of biomarkers derived from diverse data modalities. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100444. [PMID: 38190106 PMCID: PMC10794784 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, programmed death 1, and programmed death ligand 1 has shown durable remission and clinical success across different cancer types. However, patient outcomes vary among disease indications. Studies have identified prognostic biomarkers associated with immunotherapy response and patient outcomes derived from diverse data types, including next-generation bulk and single-cell DNA, RNA, T cell and B cell receptor sequencing data, liquid biopsies, and clinical imaging. Owing to inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity and the immune system's complexity, these biomarkers have diverse efficacy in clinical trials of ICB. Here, we review the genetic and genomic signatures and image features of ICB studies for pan-cancer applications and specific indications. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of computational approaches for predicting immunotherapy effectiveness and patient outcomes. We also elucidate the challenges of immunotherapy prognostication and the discovery of novel immunotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer Altreuter
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sudheshna Bodapati
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Simona Cristea
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cheryl J Wong
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 20115, USA
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Franziska Michor
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 20115, USA; The Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Cancer Evolution, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02138, USA; The Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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25
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Zhang Y, Ji L, Wen H, Chu Y, Xing W, Tian G, Yao Y, Yang J. Pan-cancer analyses reveal the stratification of patient prognosis by viral composition in tumor tissues. Comput Biol Med 2023; 167:107586. [PMID: 37907029 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The associations between cancer and bacteria/fungi have been extensively studied, but the implications of cancer-associated viruses have not been thoroughly examined. In this study, we comprehensively characterized the cancer virome of tissue samples across 31 cancer types, as well as blood samples from 23 cancer types. Our findings demonstrated the presence of viral DNA at low abundances in both tissue and blood across major human cancers, with significant differences in viral community composition observed among various cancer types. Furthermore, Cox regression analyses conducted on four cancers, including Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), and Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma (UCEC), revealed strong correlation between viral composition/abundance in tissues and patient survival. Additionally, we identified virus-associated prognostic signatures (VAPS) for these four cancers, and discerned differences in the interplay between VAPS and dominant bacteria in tissues among patients with varying survival risks. Notably, clinically relevant analyses revealed prognostic capacities of the VAPS in these four cancers. Taken together, our study provides novel insights into the role of viruses in tissue in the prognosis of multiple cancers and offers guidance on the use of tissue viruses to stratify prognosis for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China; Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Lei Ji
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100102, China; Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Huakai Wen
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China
| | - Yuwen Chu
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100102, China; Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao, 266000, China; School of Electrical & Information Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Weipeng Xing
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100102, China; Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao, 266000, China; School of Electrical & Information Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100102, China; Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yuhua Yao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Application of Hainan Province, Haikou, China; Key Laboratory of Data Science and Intelligence Education, Hainan Normal University, Ministry of Education, Haikou, China.
| | - Jialiang Yang
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100102, China; Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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26
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O’Flaherty N, Bryce L, Nolan J, Lambert M. Changing Strategies for the Detection of Bacteria in Platelet Components in Ireland: From Primary and Secondary Culture (2010-2020) to Large Volume Delayed Sampling (2020-2023). Microorganisms 2023; 11:2765. [PMID: 38004776 PMCID: PMC10673373 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial contamination of platelet components (PC) poses the greatest microbial risk to recipients, as bacteria can multiply over the course of PC storage at room temperature. Between 2010 and 2020, the Irish Blood Transfusion Service (IBTS) screened over 170,000 buffy coat-derived pooled (BCDP) and single-donor apheresis platelets (SDAPs) with the BACT/ALERT 3D microbial detection system (Biomerieux, L'Etoile, France), using a two-step screening protocol which incorporated primary and secondary cultures. Although the protocol was successful in averting septic transfusion reactions (STRs), testing large sample volumes at later time points was reported to improve detection of bacterial contamination. A modified large-volume delayed sampling (LVDS)-type protocol was adopted in 2020, which in the case of SDAP was applied to collections rather than individual splits (2020-2023, 44,642 PC screened). Rates of bacterial contamination for BCDP were 0.125% on Day-2, 0.043% on Day-4 vs. 0.191% in the post-LVDS period. SDAP contamination rates in the pre-LVDS period were 0.065% on Day-1, 0.017% on Day-4 vs. 0.072% in the post-LVDS period. Confirmed STRs were absent, and the interdiction rate for possibly contaminated SDAP was over 70%. In the post-LVDS period, BCDPs had a higher total positivity rate than SDAPs, 0.191% (1:525) versus 0.072% (1:1385), respectively, (chi-squared 12.124, 1 df, p = 0.0005). The majority of organisms detected were skin-flora-type, low pathogenicity organisms, including coagulase-negative staphylococci and Cutibacterium acnes, with little change in the frequency of clinically significant organisms identified over time. Both protocols prevented the issue of potentially harmful components contaminated (rarely) with a range of pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Serratia marcesens, Staphylococcus aureus, and streptococci. Culture positivity of outdates post-LVDS whereby 100% of expired platelets are retested provides a residual risk estimate of 0.06% (95% CI 0.016-0.150). However, bacterial contamination rates in expired platelets did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference between the pre-LVDS 0.100% (CI 0.033-0.234) and post-LVDS 0.059% (0.016-0.150) periods (chi-squared = 0.651, 1 df, p = 0.42).
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh O’Flaherty
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, National Blood Centre, D08 NH5R Dublin, Ireland; (L.B.); (M.L.)
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27
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Raza S, Koh Y, Yoon SS, Woo SY, Ahn KS, Kim HL, Kim HN. Identification of novel Carnobacterium maltaromaticum strains in bone marrow samples of patients with acute myeloid leukemia using a metagenomic binning approach. Int Microbiol 2023; 26:1033-1040. [PMID: 37087535 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study aimed to examine the existence of a bacterial metagenome in the bone marrow of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We re-examined whole-genome sequencing data from the bone marrow samples of seven patients with AML, four of whom were remitted after treatment, for metagenomic analysis. After the removal of human reads, unmapped reads were used to profile the species-level composition. We used the metagenomic binning approach to confirm whether the identified taxon was a complete genome of known or novel strains. We observed a unique and novel microbial signature in which Carnobacterium maltaromaticum was the most abundant species in five patients with AML or remission. The complete genome of C. maltaromaticum "BMAML_KR01," which was observed in all samples, was 100% complete with 8.5% contamination and closely clustered with C. maltaromaticum strains DSM20730 and SF668 based on single nucleotide polymorphism variations. We identified five unique proteins that could contribute to cancer progression and 104 virulent factor proteins in the BMAML_KR01 genome. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a new strain of C. maltaromaticum in patients with AML. The presence of C. maltaromaticum and its new strain in patients indicates an urgent need to validate the existence of this bacterium and evaluate its pathophysiological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Raza
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngil Koh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Yoon
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Youn Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Ewha Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Ewha Woman University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sung Ahn
- Functional Genome Institute, PDXen Biosystems Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Functional Genome Institute, PDXen Biosystems Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Na Kim
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Statistics Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Gihawi A, Ge Y, Lu J, Puiu D, Xu A, Cooper CS, Brewer DS, Pertea M, Salzberg SL. Major data analysis errors invalidate cancer microbiome findings. mBio 2023; 14:e0160723. [PMID: 37811944 PMCID: PMC10653788 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01607-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Recent reports showing that human cancers have a distinctive microbiome have led to a flurry of papers describing microbial signatures of different cancer types. Many of these reports are based on flawed data that, upon re-analysis, completely overturns the original findings. The re-analysis conducted here shows that most of the microbes originally reported as associated with cancer were not present at all in the samples. The original report of a cancer microbiome and more than a dozen follow-up studies are, therefore, likely to be invalid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Gihawi
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Yuchen Ge
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer Lu
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniela Puiu
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amanda Xu
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Colin S. Cooper
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel S. Brewer
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Mihaela Pertea
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven L. Salzberg
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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29
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Cláudia-Ferreira A, Barbosa DJ, Saegeman V, Fernández-Rodríguez A, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Freitas AR. The Future Is Now: Unraveling the Expanding Potential of Human (Necro)Microbiome in Forensic Investigations. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2509. [PMID: 37894167 PMCID: PMC10608847 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The relevance of postmortem microbiological examinations has been controversial for decades, but the boom in advanced sequencing techniques over the last decade is increasingly demonstrating their usefulness, namely for the estimation of the postmortem interval. This comprehensive review aims to present the current knowledge about the human postmortem microbiome (the necrobiome), highlighting the main factors influencing this complex process and discussing the principal applications in the field of forensic sciences. Several limitations still hindering the implementation of forensic microbiology, such as small-scale studies, the lack of a universal/harmonized workflow for DNA extraction and sequencing technology, variability in the human microbiome, and limited access to human cadavers, are discussed. Future research in the field should focus on identifying stable biomarkers within the dominant Bacillota and Pseudomonadota phyla, which are prevalent during postmortem periods and for which standardization, method consolidation, and establishment of a forensic microbial bank are crucial for consistency and comparability. Given the complexity of identifying unique postmortem microbial signatures for robust databases, a promising future approach may involve deepening our understanding of specific bacterial species/strains that can serve as reliable postmortem interval indicators during the process of body decomposition. Microorganisms might have the potential to complement routine forensic tests in judicial processes, requiring robust investigations and machine-learning models to bridge knowledge gaps and adhere to Locard's principle of trace evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia-Ferreira
- 1H-TOXRUN, One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (A.C.-F.); (R.J.D.-O.)
| | - Daniel José Barbosa
- 1H-TOXRUN, One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (A.C.-F.); (R.J.D.-O.)
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Veroniek Saegeman
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Amparo Fernández-Rodríguez
- Microbiology Laboratory, Biology Service, Institute of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, 28232 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
- 1H-TOXRUN, One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (A.C.-F.); (R.J.D.-O.)
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R. Freitas
- 1H-TOXRUN, One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (A.C.-F.); (R.J.D.-O.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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30
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Giacconi R, Donghia R, Arborea G, Savino MT, Provinciali M, Lattanzio F, Caponio GR, Coletta S, Bianco A, Notarnicola M, Bonfiglio C, Passarino G, D’Aquila P, Bellizzi D, Pesole PL. Plasma Bacterial DNA Load as a Potential Biomarker for the Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2360. [PMID: 37764204 PMCID: PMC10537376 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has gained increasing attention in recent years due to its significant impact on colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression. The recent detection of bacterial DNA load in plasma holds promise as a potential non-invasive approach for early cancer detection. The aim of this study was to examine the quantity of bacterial DNA present in the plasma of 50 patients who have CRC in comparison to 40 neoplastic disease-free patients, as well as to determine if there is a correlation between the amount of plasma bacterial DNA and various clinical parameters. Plasma bacterial DNA levels were found to be elevated in the CRC group compared to the control group. As it emerged from the logistic analysis (adjusted for age and gender), these levels were strongly associated with the risk of CRC (OR = 1.02, p < 0.001, 95% C.I.: 1.01-1.03). Moreover, an association was identified between a reduction in tumor mass and the highest tertile of plasma bacterial DNA. Our findings indicate that individuals with CRC displayed a higher plasma bacterial DNA load compared to healthy controls. This observation lends support to the theory of heightened bacterial migration from the gastrointestinal tract to the bloodstream in CRC. Furthermore, our results establish a link between this phenomenon and the size of the tumor mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robertina Giacconi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (M.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Rossella Donghia
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (R.D.); (G.A.); (M.T.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (M.N.); (C.B.)
| | - Graziana Arborea
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (R.D.); (G.A.); (M.T.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (M.N.); (C.B.)
| | - Maria Teresa Savino
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (R.D.); (G.A.); (M.T.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (M.N.); (C.B.)
| | - Mauro Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (M.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Fabrizia Lattanzio
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (M.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Giusy Rita Caponio
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Sergio Coletta
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (R.D.); (G.A.); (M.T.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (M.N.); (C.B.)
| | - Antonia Bianco
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (R.D.); (G.A.); (M.T.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (M.N.); (C.B.)
| | - Maria Notarnicola
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (R.D.); (G.A.); (M.T.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (M.N.); (C.B.)
| | - Caterina Bonfiglio
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (R.D.); (G.A.); (M.T.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (M.N.); (C.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (G.P.); (P.D.); (D.B.)
| | - Patrizia D’Aquila
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (G.P.); (P.D.); (D.B.)
| | - Dina Bellizzi
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (G.P.); (P.D.); (D.B.)
| | - Pasqua Letizia Pesole
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (R.D.); (G.A.); (M.T.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (M.N.); (C.B.)
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31
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Shao Y. Scrubbing contaminated microbiomes. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:554. [PMID: 37415041 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shao
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
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32
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Tan CCS, Trew J, Peacock TP, Mok KY, Hart C, Lau K, Ni D, Orme CDL, Ransome E, Pearse WD, Coleman CM, Bailey D, Thakur N, Quantrill JL, Sukhova K, Richard D, Kahane L, Woodward G, Bell T, Worledge L, Nunez-Mino J, Barclay W, van Dorp L, Balloux F, Savolainen V. Genomic screening of 16 UK native bat species through conservationist networks uncovers coronaviruses with zoonotic potential. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3322. [PMID: 37369644 PMCID: PMC10300128 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38717-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been limited characterisation of bat-borne coronaviruses in Europe. Here, we screened for coronaviruses in 48 faecal samples from 16 of the 17 bat species breeding in the UK, collected through a bat rehabilitation and conservationist network. We recovered nine complete genomes, including two novel coronavirus species, across six bat species: four alphacoronaviruses, a MERS-related betacoronavirus, and four closely related sarbecoviruses. We demonstrate that at least one of these sarbecoviruses can bind and use the human ACE2 receptor for infecting human cells, albeit suboptimally. Additionally, the spike proteins of these sarbecoviruses possess an R-A-K-Q motif, which lies only one nucleotide mutation away from a furin cleavage site (FCS) that enhances infectivity in other coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. However, mutating this motif to an FCS does not enable spike cleavage. Overall, while UK sarbecoviruses would require further molecular adaptations to infect humans, their zoonotic risk warrants closer surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric C S Tan
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Jahcub Trew
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Thomas P Peacock
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Marys Medical School, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Kai Yi Mok
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Marys Medical School, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Charlie Hart
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Kelvin Lau
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility (PTPSP), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dongchun Ni
- Laboratory of Biological Electron Microscopy (LBEM), School of Basic Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C David L Orme
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Emma Ransome
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - William D Pearse
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Christopher M Coleman
- Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby Rd, Lenton, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | | | - Nazia Thakur
- The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jessica L Quantrill
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Marys Medical School, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Ksenia Sukhova
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Marys Medical School, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Damien Richard
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Laura Kahane
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Guy Woodward
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Thomas Bell
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Lisa Worledge
- The Bat Conservation Trust, Studio 15 Cloisters House, Cloisters Business Centre, 8 Battersea Park Road, London, SW8 4BG, UK
| | - Joe Nunez-Mino
- The Bat Conservation Trust, Studio 15 Cloisters House, Cloisters Business Centre, 8 Battersea Park Road, London, SW8 4BG, UK
| | - Wendy Barclay
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Marys Medical School, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Lucy van Dorp
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Francois Balloux
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Vincent Savolainen
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK.
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33
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Sciarra F, Franceschini E, Campolo F, Venneri MA. The Diagnostic Potential of the Human Blood Microbiome: Are We Dreaming or Awake? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10422. [PMID: 37445600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human blood has historically been considered a sterile environment. Recently, a thriving microbiome dominated by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes phyla was detected in healthy blood. The localization of these microbes is restricted to some blood cell populations, particularly the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and erythrocytes. It was hypothesized that the blood microbiome originates from the skin-oral-gut axis. In addition, many studies have evaluated the potential of blood microbiome dysbiosis as a prognostic marker in cardiovascular diseases, cirrhosis, severe liver fibrosis, severe acute pancreatitis, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney diseases. The present review aims to summarize current findings and most recent evidence in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sciarra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Franceschini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Campolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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