1
|
Zhang T, Liu X, Qin H, Lin Y, Li B, Jiang X, Zheng X. Semiphysical Design Concept for Developing Miniaturized Microrobots In Vivo. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38602330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The miniaturization of biomedical microrobots is crucial for their in vivo applications. However, it is challenging to reduce their size while maintaining their biomedical functions. To resolve this contradiction, we propose a semiphysical design concept for developing miniaturized microrobots, in which invisible components such as light beams are utilized to replace most of the physical parts of a microrobot, thus minimizing its physical size without sacrificing its biomedical functions. According to this design, we have constructed a semiphysical microrobot (SPM) composed of main light beam, light-responsive microparticle, and auxiliary light beam, serving as the actuation system, recognition part, and surgical claws, respectively. Based on the functions of actuation, biosensing, and microsurgery, a SPM has been applied for a series of applications, including thrombus elimination at the branch vessel, stratified removal of multilayer thrombus, and biosensing-guided microsurgery. The proposed semiphysical design concept should bring new insight into the development of miniaturized biomedical microrobots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Liu
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haifeng Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yufeng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Baojun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xiqun Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xianchuang Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Titze VM, Caixeiro S, Dinh VS, König M, Rübsam M, Pathak N, Schumacher AL, Germer M, Kukat C, Niessen CM, Schubert M, Gather MC. Hyperspectral confocal imaging for high-throughput readout and analysis of bio-integrated microlasers. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:928-959. [PMID: 38238582 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00924-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Integrating micro- and nanolasers into live cells, tissue cultures and small animals is an emerging and rapidly evolving technique that offers noninvasive interrogation and labeling with unprecedented information density. The bright and distinct spectra of such lasers make this approach particularly attractive for high-throughput applications requiring single-cell specificity, such as multiplexed cell tracking and intracellular biosensing. The implementation of these applications requires high-resolution, high-speed spectral readout and advanced analysis routines, which leads to unique technical challenges. Here, we present a modular approach consisting of two separate procedures. The first procedure instructs users on how to efficiently integrate different types of lasers into living cells, and the second procedure presents a workflow for obtaining intracellular lasing spectra with high spectral resolution and up to 125-kHz readout rate and starts from the construction of a custom hyperspectral confocal microscope. We provide guidance on running hyperspectral imaging routines for various experimental designs and recommend specific workflows for processing the resulting large data sets along with an open-source Python library of functions covering the analysis pipeline. We illustrate three applications including the rapid, large-volume mapping of absolute refractive index by using polystyrene microbead lasers, the intracellular sensing of cardiac contractility with polystyrene microbead lasers and long-term cell tracking by using semiconductor nanodisk lasers. Our sample preparation and imaging procedures require 2 days, and setting up the hyperspectral confocal microscope for microlaser characterization requires <2 weeks to complete for users with limited experience in optical and software engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera M Titze
- Centre of Biophotonics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
- Humboldt Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Soraya Caixeiro
- Humboldt Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vinh San Dinh
- Centre of Biophotonics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Matthias König
- Humboldt Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Rübsam
- Department of Cell Biology of the Skin, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Disease (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nachiket Pathak
- Humboldt Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Schumacher
- FACS & Imaging Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maximilian Germer
- FACS & Imaging Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Kukat
- FACS & Imaging Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carien M Niessen
- Department of Cell Biology of the Skin, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Disease (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcel Schubert
- Centre of Biophotonics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
- Humboldt Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Malte C Gather
- Centre of Biophotonics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
- Humboldt Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Disease (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, Du W, Liu X. Photophysics and its application in photon upconversion. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2747-2764. [PMID: 38250819 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05450k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Photoluminescence (PL) upconversion is a phenomenon involving light-matter interaction, where the energy of the emitted photons is higher than that of the incident photons. PL upconversion has promising applications in optoelectronic devices, displays, photovoltaics, imaging, diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of PL upconversion and ultrafast PL physical processes. In particular, we highlight the advances in laser cooling, biological imaging, volumetric displays and photonics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenna Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schiattarella C, Romano S, Sirleto L, Mocella V, Rendina I, Lanzio V, Riminucci F, Schwartzberg A, Cabrini S, Chen J, Liang L, Liu X, Zito G. Directive giant upconversion by supercritical bound states in the continuum. Nature 2024; 626:765-771. [PMID: 38383627 PMCID: PMC10881401 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Photonic bound states in the continuum (BICs), embedded in the spectrum of free-space waves1,2 with diverging radiative quality factor, are topologically non-trivial dark modes in open-cavity resonators that have enabled important advances in photonics3,4. However, it is particularly challenging to achieve maximum near-field enhancement, as this requires matching radiative and non-radiative losses. Here we propose the concept of supercritical coupling, drawing inspiration from electromagnetically induced transparency in near-field coupled resonances close to the Friedrich-Wintgen condition2. Supercritical coupling occurs when the near-field coupling between dark and bright modes compensates for the negligible direct far-field coupling with the dark mode. This enables a quasi-BIC field to reach maximum enhancement imposed by non-radiative loss, even when the radiative quality factor is divergent. Our experimental design consists of a photonic-crystal nanoslab covered with upconversion nanoparticles. Near-field coupling is finely tuned at the nanostructure edge, in which a coherent upconversion luminescence enhanced by eight orders of magnitude is observed. The emission shows negligible divergence, narrow width at the microscale and controllable directivity through input focusing and polarization. This approach is relevant to various physical processes, with potential applications for light-source development, energy harvesting and photochemical catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Schiattarella
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Romano
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Sirleto
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Vito Mocella
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Ivo Rendina
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Vittorino Lanzio
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Fabrizio Riminucci
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Adam Schwartzberg
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stefano Cabrini
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jiaye Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liangliang Liang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Centre for Functional Materials, National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, China.
| | - Gianluigi Zito
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Donnelly FC, Purcell-Milton F, Caffrey E, Branzi L, Stafford S, Alhammad FA, Cleary O, Ghariani M, Kuznetsova V, Gun’ko YK. Chiroptically Active Multi-Modal Calcium Carbonate-Based Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 14:100. [PMID: 38202555 PMCID: PMC10780737 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The development of multimodal nano- and micro-structures has become an increasingly popular area of research in recent years. In particular, the combination of two or more desirable properties within a single structure opens multiple opportunities from biomedicine, sensing, and catalysis, to a variety of optical applications. Here, for the first time, we report the synthesis and characterization of multimodal chiroptically active CaCO3 nanocomposites. These composites have been prepared by a modified microemulsion method in the presence of an amino acid (cysteine). Following this, additional modalities have been introduced by loading the composites with luminescent nanoparticles or doping with Eu3+ ions. The luminescent composites have been produced by the incorporation of CuInZnS/ZnS or CdSe@ZnS/ZnS core/shell quantum dots, or via doping with trivalent europium. In this manner, we have produced chiroptically active composites with orange, green, and red luminescence. Overall, this work demonstrates the unique advantage and potential of our approach and new class of chiroptically active CaCO3 nanocomposites, which display tunable functionality to specific requirements via the incorporation of desired ions, nanoparticles, and chirality of the structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fearghal C. Donnelly
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland (L.B.); (F.A.A.)
- BiOrbic Bioeconomy SFI Research Centre, University College Dublin, D04 F438 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Finn Purcell-Milton
- Chemical & BioPharmaceutical Science, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, D07 H6K8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoin Caffrey
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorenzo Branzi
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland (L.B.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Shelley Stafford
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland (L.B.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Faisal Ali Alhammad
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland (L.B.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Olan Cleary
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland (L.B.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Munirah Ghariani
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland (L.B.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Vera Kuznetsova
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland (L.B.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Yurii K. Gun’ko
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland (L.B.); (F.A.A.)
- BiOrbic Bioeconomy SFI Research Centre, University College Dublin, D04 F438 Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang M, Huang P, Zheng W, Song X, Shang X, Zhang W, Yang D, Yi X, Chen X. Lanthanide-Doped KMgF 3 Upconversion Nanoparticles for Photon Avalanche Luminescence with Giant Nonlinearities. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8576-8584. [PMID: 37683074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide (Ln3+)-doped photon avalanche (PA) upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have great prospects in many advanced technologies; however, realizing efficient PA luminescence in Ln3+-doped UCNPs remains challenging due to the deleterious surface and lattice quenching effect. Herein, we report a unique strategy based on the pyrolysis of KHF2 for the controlled synthesis of aliovalent Ln3+-doped KMgF3 UCNPs, which can effectively protect Ln3+ from luminescence quenching by surface and internal OH- defects and thereby boost upconversion luminescence. This enables us to realize efficient PA luminescence from Tm3+ at 802 nm in KMgF3: Tm3+ UCNPs upon 1064 nm excitation, with a giant nonlinearity of ∼27, a PA response time of 281 ms, and an excitation threshold of 16.6 kW cm-2. This work may open up a new avenue for exploring highly nonlinear PA luminescence through aliovalent Ln3+ doping and crystal lattice engineering toward diverse emerging applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiran Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaorong Song
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiaoying Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dengfeng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiaodong Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xueyuan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Caixeiro S, Wijesinghe P, Dholakia K, Gather MC. Snapshot hyperspectral imaging of intracellular lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:33175-33190. [PMID: 37859103 DOI: 10.1364/oe.498022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular lasers are emerging as powerful biosensors for multiplexed tracking and precision sensing of cells and their microenvironment. This sensing capacity is enabled by quantifying their narrow-linewidth emission spectra, which is presently challenging to do at high speeds. In this work, we demonstrate rapid snapshot hyperspectral imaging of intracellular lasers. Using integral field mapping with a microlens array and a diffraction grating, we obtain images of the spatial and spectral intensity distribution from a single camera acquisition. We demonstrate widefield hyperspectral imaging over a 3 × 3 mm2 field of view and volumetric imaging over 250 × 250 × 800 µm3 (XYZ) volumes with a lateral (XY) resolution of 5 µm, axial (Z) resolution of 10 µm, and a spectral resolution of less than 0.8 nm. We evaluate the performance and outline the challenges and strengths of snapshot methods in the context of characterizing the emission from intracellular lasers. This method offers new opportunities for a diverse range of applications, including high-throughput and long-term biosensing with intracellular lasers.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mueller NS, Arul R, Kang G, Saunders AP, Johnson AC, Sánchez-Iglesias A, Hu S, Jakob LA, Bar-David J, de Nijs B, Liz-Marzán LM, Liu F, Baumberg JJ. Photoluminescence upconversion in monolayer WSe 2 activated by plasmonic cavities through resonant excitation of dark excitons. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5726. [PMID: 37714855 PMCID: PMC10504321 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-Stokes photoluminescence (PL) is light emission at a higher photon energy than the excitation, with applications in optical cooling, bioimaging, lasing, and quantum optics. Here, we show how plasmonic nano-cavities activate anti-Stokes PL in WSe2 monolayers through resonant excitation of a dark exciton at room temperature. The optical near-fields of the plasmonic cavities excite the out-of-plane transition dipole of the dark exciton, leading to light emission from the bright exciton at higher energy. Through statistical measurements on hundreds of plasmonic cavities, we show that coupling to the dark exciton leads to a near hundred-fold enhancement of the upconverted PL intensity. This is further corroborated by experiments in which the laser excitation wavelength is tuned across the dark exciton. We show that a precise nanoparticle geometry is key for a consistent enhancement, with decahedral nanoparticle shapes providing an efficient PL upconversion. Finally, we demonstrate a selective and reversible switching of the upconverted PL via electrochemical gating. Our work introduces the dark exciton as an excitation channel for anti-Stokes PL in WSe2 and paves the way for large-area substrates providing nanoscale optical cooling, anti-Stokes lasing, and radiative engineering of excitons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niclas S Mueller
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rakesh Arul
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Gyeongwon Kang
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Ashley P Saunders
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Amalya C Johnson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ana Sánchez-Iglesias
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 5, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Shu Hu
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Lukas A Jakob
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Jonathan Bar-David
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Bart de Nijs
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lin ZH, Kushida S, Lin FC, Chen JY, Singh AK, Yamamoto Y, Huang JS. Impact of Plasmonic and Dielectric Substrates on the Whispering-Gallery Modes in Self-Assembled Fluorescent Semiconductor Polymer Microspheres. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37405910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the impact of metallic and dielectric conducting substrates, gold and indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass, on the whispering gallery modes (WGMs) of semiconductor π-conjugated polymer microspheres is investigated. Hyperspectral mapping was performed to obtain the excitation-position-dependent emission spectra of the microspheres. Substrate-dependent quenching of WGMs sensitive to mode polarization was observed and explained. On a glass substrate, both transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) WGMs are quenched due to frustrated total internal reflection. On a gold substrate, however, only the TM WGMs are allowed in symmetry to leak into surface plasmons. An atomically flat gold substrate with subwavelength slits was used to experimentally verify the leakage of WGMs into the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). This work provides insight into the damping mechanisms of WGMs in microspheres on metallic and dielectric substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Hong Lin
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Soh Kushida
- Department of Materials Science and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Fan-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Yohei Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Science and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Jer-Shing Huang
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang District, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gálico DA, Santos Calado CM, Murugesu M. Lanthanide molecular cluster-aggregates as the next generation of optical materials. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5827-5841. [PMID: 37293634 PMCID: PMC10246660 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01088k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this perspective, we provide an overview of the recent achievements in luminescent lanthanide-based molecular cluster-aggregates (MCAs) and illustrate why MCAs can be seen as the next generation of highly efficient optical materials. MCAs are high nuclearity compounds composed of rigid multinuclear metal cores encapsulated by organic ligands. The combination of high nuclearity and molecular structure makes MCAs an ideal class of compounds that can unify the properties of traditional nanoparticles and small molecules. By bridging the gap between both domains, MCAs intrinsically retain unique features with tremendous impacts on their optical properties. Although homometallic luminescent MCAs have been extensively studied since the late 1990s, it was only recently that heterometallic luminescent MCAs were pioneered as tunable luminescent materials. These heterometallic systems have shown tremendous impacts in areas such as anti-counterfeiting materials, luminescent thermometry, and molecular upconversion, thus representing a new generation of lanthanide-based optical materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Alves Gálico
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | | | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee C, Xu EZ, Kwock KWC, Teitelboim A, Liu Y, Park HS, Ursprung B, Ziffer ME, Karube Y, Fardian-Melamed N, Pedroso CCS, Kim J, Pritzl SD, Nam SH, Lohmueller T, Owen JS, Ercius P, Suh YD, Cohen BE, Chan EM, Schuck PJ. Indefinite and bidirectional near-infrared nanocrystal photoswitching. Nature 2023:10.1038/s41586-023-06076-7. [PMID: 37258675 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Materials whose luminescence can be switched by optical stimulation drive technologies ranging from superresolution imaging1-4, nanophotonics5, and optical data storage6,7, to targeted pharmacology, optogenetics, and chemical reactivity8. These photoswitchable probes, including organic fluorophores and proteins, can be prone to photodegradation and often operate in the ultraviolet or visible spectral regions. Colloidal inorganic nanoparticles6,9 can offer improved stability, but the ability to switch emission bidirectionally, particularly with near-infrared (NIR) light, has not, to our knowledge, been reported in such systems. Here, we present two-way, NIR photoswitching of avalanching nanoparticles (ANPs), showing full optical control of upconverted emission using phototriggers in the NIR-I and NIR-II spectral regions useful for subsurface imaging. Employing single-step photodarkening10-13 and photobrightening12,14-16, we demonstrate indefinite photoswitching of individual nanoparticles (more than 1,000 cycles over 7 h) in ambient or aqueous conditions without measurable photodegradation. Critical steps of the photoswitching mechanism are elucidated by modelling and by measuring the photon avalanche properties of single ANPs in both bright and dark states. Unlimited, reversible photoswitching of ANPs enables indefinitely rewritable two-dimensional and three-dimensional multilevel optical patterning of ANPs, as well as optical nanoscopy with sub-Å localization superresolution that allows us to distinguish individual ANPs within tightly packed clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changhwan Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emma Z Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin W C Kwock
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ayelet Teitelboim
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yawei Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hye Sun Park
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Benedikt Ursprung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark E Ziffer
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuzuka Karube
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Cassio C S Pedroso
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jongwoo Kim
- Laboratory for Advanced Molecular Probing (LAMP), Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Stefanie D Pritzl
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Physics and Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sang Hwan Nam
- Laboratory for Advanced Molecular Probing (LAMP), Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Theobald Lohmueller
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan S Owen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Ercius
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yung Doug Suh
- Laboratory for Advanced Molecular Probing (LAMP), Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, South Korea.
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea.
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea.
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, South Korea.
| | - Bruce E Cohen
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Emory M Chan
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - P James Schuck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Anwar A, Mur M, Humar M. Microcavity- and Microlaser-Based Optical Barcoding: A Review of Encoding Techniques and Applications. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:1202-1224. [PMID: 37215324 PMCID: PMC10197175 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c01611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Optical microbarcodes have recently received a great deal of interest because of their suitability for a wide range of applications, such as multiplexed assays, cell tagging and tracking, anticounterfeiting, and product labeling. Spectral barcodes are especially promising because they are robust and have a simple readout. In addition, microcavity- and microlaser-based barcodes have very narrow spectra and therefore have the potential to generate millions of unique barcodes. This review begins with a discussion of the different types of barcodes and then focuses specifically on microcavity-based barcodes. While almost any kind of optical microcavity can be used for barcoding, currently whispering-gallery microcavities (in the form of spheres and disks), nanowire lasers, Fabry-Pérot lasers, random lasers, and distributed feedback lasers are the most frequently employed for this purpose. In microcavity-based barcodes, the information is encoded in various ways in the properties of the emitted light, most frequently in the spectrum. The barcode is dependent on the properties of the microcavity, such as the size, shape, and the gain materials. Various applications of these barcodes, including cell tracking, anticounterfeiting, and product labeling are described. Finally, the future prospects for microcavity- and microlaser-based barcodes are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdur
Rehman Anwar
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, J. Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maruša Mur
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, J. Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Humar
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, J. Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- CENN
Nanocenter, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics, University of
Ljubljana, Jadranska
19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhuo C, Lyu Z, Sun D, Shen S, Tan T, Wei S, Li Z, Luo P, You H. Lanthanide-doped Na 2MgScF 7 exhibiting downshifting and upconversion emissions for multicolor anti-counterfeiting. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:7322-7329. [PMID: 37171200 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00746d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Na2MgScF7 (NMSF) was experimentally obtained for the first time by combining hydrothermal and high-temperature solid-state reactions. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) combined with Rietveld refinement confirms that NMSF is crystallized in the space group Imma with the cell parameters a = 10.40860(18), b = 7.32804(12) and c = 7.52879(11) Å, α = β = γ = 90° and V = 574.256(24) Å3. Through doping with Tb3+ or Eu3+ ions, downshifting yellow-green or red emission could be achieved in NMSF-based phosphors, respectively. Upconversion emission could also be designed by doping with Yb3+-Er3+, Yb3+-Tm3+, Yb3+-Ho3+ or Er3+. Moreover, the NMSF:Er3+ phosphor exhibited green upconversion emission upon excitation at 980 nm, and it exhibited red emission upon excitation at 1532 nm. Finally, recognizable patterns were obtained under excitation at 254, 365 and 980 nm, indicating that the as-prepared phosphors can be applied to multicolor anti-counterfeiting. Moreover, our synthesis strategy opens up new avenues for the synthesis of novel fluorides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Zhuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China.
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Zeyu Lyu
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Dashuai Sun
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Sida Shen
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Taixing Tan
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Shuai Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China.
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Zhijun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China.
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Pengcheng Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China.
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Hongpeng You
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China.
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen H, Roy I, Myong MS, Seale JSW, Cai K, Jiao Y, Liu W, Song B, Zhang L, Zhao X, Feng Y, Liu F, Young RM, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion in a Porphyrinic Molecular Container. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10061-10070. [PMID: 37098077 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet annihilation-based molecular photon upconversion (TTA-UC) is a photophysical phenomenon that can yield high-energy emitting photons from low-energy incident light. TTA-UC is believed to fuse two triplet excitons into a singlet exciton through several consecutive energy-conversion processes. When organic aromatic dyes─i.e., sensitizers and annihilators─are used in TTA-UC, intermolecular distances, as well as relative orientations between the two chromophores, are important in an attempt to attain high upconversion efficiencies. Herein, we demonstrate a host-guest strategy─e.g., a cage-like molecular container incorporating two porphyrinic sensitizers and encapsulating two perylene emitters inside its cavity─to harness photon upconversion. Central to this design is tailoring the cavity size (9.6-10.4 Å) of the molecular container so that it can host two annihilators with a suitable [π···π] distance (3.2-3.5 Å). The formation of a complex with a host:guest ratio of 1:2 between a porphyrinic molecular container and perylene was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) as well as by DFT calculations. We have obtained TTA-UC yielding blue emission at 470 nm when the complex is excited with low-energy photons. This proof-of-concept demonstrates that TTA-UC can take place in one supermolecule by bringing together the sensitizers and annihilators. Our investigations open up some new opportunities for addressing several issues associated with supramolecular photon upconversion, such as sample concentrations, molecular aggregation, and penetration depths, which have relevance to biological imaging applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Indranil Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michele S Myong
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - James S W Seale
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kang Cai
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xingang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yuanning Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Fangjun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lee C, Schuck PJ. Photodarkening, Photobrightening, and the Role of Color Centers in Emerging Applications of Lanthanide-Based Upconverting Nanomaterials. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2023; 74:415-438. [PMID: 37093661 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-082720-032137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) compose a class of luminescent materials that utilize the unique wavelength-converting properties of lanthanide (Ln) ions for light-harvesting applications, photonics technologies, and biological imaging and sensing experiments. Recent advances in UCNP design have shed light on the properties of local color centers, both intrinsic and controllably induced, within these materials and their potential influence on UCNP photophysics. In this review, we describe fundamental studies of color centers in Ln-based materials, including research into their origins and their roles in observed photodarkening and photobrightening mechanisms. We place particular focus on the new functionalities that are enabled by harnessing the properties of color centers within Ln-doped nanocrystals, illustrated through applications in afterglow-based bioimaging, X-ray detection, all-inorganic nanocrystal photoswitching, and fully rewritable optical patterning and memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changhwan Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; ,
| | - P James Schuck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; ,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lyu ZY, Dong H, Yang XF, Huang L, Xu YJ, Wu K, Sun LD, Yan CH. Phase-Transition-Driven Regional Distribution of Rare-Earth Ions for Multiplexed Upconversion Emissions. JACS AU 2023; 3:860-867. [PMID: 37006769 PMCID: PMC10052252 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phase transition of the polymorphs is critical for controlled synthesis and property modulation of functional materials. Upconversion emissions from an efficient hexagonal sodium rare-earth (RE) fluoride compound, β-NaREF4, which is generally obtained from the phase transition of the cubic (α-) phase counterpart, are attractive for photonic applications. However, the investigation of the α → β phase transition of NaREF4 and its effect on the composition and architecture is still preliminary. Herein, we investigated the phase transition with two kinds of α-NaREF4 particles. Instead of a uniform composition, the β-NaREF4 microcrystals exhibited regionally distributed RE3+ ions, in which the RE3+ with a smaller ionic radius (smaller RE3+) sandwiched the RE3+ with a larger ionic radius (larger RE3+). We unravel that the α-NaREF4 particles transformed to β-NaREF4 nuclei with no controversial dissolution, and the α → β phase transition toward NaREF4 microcrystals included nucleation and growth steps. The component-dependent phase transition is corroborated with RE3+ ions from Ho3+ to Lu3+ and multiple sandwiched microcrystals were obtained, in which up to five kinds of RE components were distributed regionally. Moreover, with rational integration of luminescent RE3+ ions, a single particle with multiplexed upconversion emissions in wavelength and lifetime domains is demonstrated, which provides a unique platform for optical multiplexing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yu Lyu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory
in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Ganjiang
Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory
in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiang-Fei Yang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory
in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory
in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yue-Jiao Xu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory
in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory
in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ling-Dong Sun
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory
in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chun-Hua Yan
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory
in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou
University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Malhotra K, Hrovat D, Kumar B, Qu G, Houten JV, Ahmed R, Piunno PAE, Gunning PT, Krull UJ. Lanthanide-Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles: Exploring A Treasure Trove of NIR-Mediated Emerging Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:2499-2528. [PMID: 36602515 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) possess the remarkable ability to convert multiple near-infrared (NIR) photons into higher energy ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) photons, making them a prime candidate for several advanced applications within the realm of nanotechnology. Compared to traditional organic fluorophores and quantum dots (QDs), UCNPs possess narrower emission bands (fwhm of 10-50 nm), large anti-Stokes shifts, low toxicity, high chemical stability, and resistance to photobleaching and blinking. In addition, unlike UV-vis excitation, NIR excitation is nondestructive at lower power intensities and has high tissue penetration depths (up to 2 mm) with low autofluorescence and scattering. Together, these properties make UCNPs exceedingly favored for advanced bioanalytical and theranostic applications, where these systems have been well-explored. UCNPs are also well-suited for bioimaging, optically modulating chemistries, forensic science, and other state-of-the-art research applications. In this review, an up-to-date account of emerging applications in UCNP research, beyond bioanalytical and theranostics, are presented including optogenetics, super-resolution imaging, encoded barcodes, fingerprinting, NIR vision, UCNP-assisted photochemical manipulations, optical tweezers, 3D printing, lasing, NIR-II imaging, UCNP-molecule nanohybrids, and UCNP-based persistent luminescent nanocrystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karan Malhotra
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, OntarioL5L 1C6, Canada
| | - David Hrovat
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, OntarioL5L 1C6, Canada
- Gunning Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, OntarioL5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Balmiki Kumar
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, OntarioL5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Grace Qu
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, OntarioL5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Justin Van Houten
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, OntarioL5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Reda Ahmed
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, OntarioL5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Paul A E Piunno
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, OntarioL5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Patrick T Gunning
- Gunning Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, OntarioL5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Ulrich J Krull
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, OntarioL5L 1C6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim J, Park HS, Ahn Y, Cho YJ, Shin HH, Hong KS, Nam SH. Universal Emission Characteristics of Upconverting Nanoparticles Revealed by Single-Particle Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:648-656. [PMID: 36565305 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been extensively investigated for nanophotonics and biomedical applications. However, establishing a unified view of their emission characteristics to elucidate the underlying photophysics and expand the application fields of these materials is a great challenge due to their sophisticated internal energy transfer and lack of standardized single-particle spectroscopy (SPS) platform. Here, we present an SPS technique called multiband single-particle irradiance-dependent imaging (multiband SPIDI). We demonstrate that the emission characteristics of Yb3+,Tm3+-doped UCNPs are universal for three emission bands over a wide range of irradiance and dependent on the Tm3+ doping concentration, indicating that the number of emitted photons of each band is proportional to the number of activator ions and is dependent on the number of absorbed photons and the activator interionic distance. We also suggest a cooperative energy transfer upconversion (CETU) mechanism for transition to a higher-energy state through photon accumulation. For a single UCNP, the emission at 800 nm is detectable at an ultralow irradiance of 4.9 W cm-2; moreover, that at 450 nm is measurable at 98 W cm-2, based on the optimal concentration. These findings based on the multiband SPIDI platform can provide insights into the interionic energy transfer by studying irradiance-dependent steady-state dynamics to achieve brighter UCNPs and their broader applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jongwoo Kim
- Laboratory for Advanced Molecular Probing (LAMP), Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Park
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Ahn
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Joo Cho
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ho Shin
- Laboratory for Advanced Molecular Probing (LAMP), Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon34114, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Hong
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju28119, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hwan Nam
- Laboratory for Advanced Molecular Probing (LAMP), Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon34114, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dai Y, Qi P, Tao G, Yao G, Shi B, Liu Z, Liu Z, He X, Peng P, Dang Z, Zheng L, Zhang T, Gong Y, Guan Y, Liu K, Fang Z. Phonon-assisted upconversion in twisted two-dimensional semiconductors. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:6. [PMID: 36588111 PMCID: PMC9806105 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phonon-assisted photon upconversion (UPC) is an anti-Stokes process in which incident photons achieve higher energy emission by absorbing phonons. This letter studies phonon-assisted UPC in twisted 2D semiconductors, in which an inverted contrast between UPC and conventional photoluminescence (PL) of WSe2 twisted bilayer is emergent. A 4-fold UPC enhancement is achieved in 5.5° twisted bilayer while PL weakens by half. Reduced interlayer exciton conversion efficiency driven by lattice relaxation, along with enhanced pump efficiency resulting from spectral redshift, lead to the rotation-angle-dependent UPC enhancement. The counterintuitive phenomenon provides a novel insight into a unique way that twisted angle affects UPC and light-matter interactions in 2D semiconductors. Furthermore, the UPC enhancement platform with various superimposable means offers an effective method for lighting bilayers and expanding the application prospect of 2D stacked van der Waals devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Dai
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangyi Tao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Photonics Research Center, School of Physics, MOE Key Lab of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, and Tianjin Key Lab of Photonics Materials and Technology for Information Science, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangjie Yao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Shi
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengchang Liu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao He
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Peng
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibo Dang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Liheng Zheng
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- Photonics Research Center, School of Physics, MOE Key Lab of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, and Tianjin Key Lab of Photonics Materials and Technology for Information Science, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongji Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Guan
- Center for Physicochemical Analysis and Measurements in ICCAS, Analytical Instrumentation Center, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Zheyu Fang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jang J, Jeong M, Lee J, Kim S, Yun H, Rho J. Planar Optical Cavities Hybridized with Low-Dimensional Light-Emitting Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203889. [PMID: 35861661 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional light-emitting materials have been actively investigated due to their unprecedented optical and optoelectronic properties that are not observed in their bulk forms. However, the emission from low-dimensional light-emitting materials is generally weak and difficult to use in nanophotonic devices without being amplified and engineered by optical cavities. Along with studies on various planar optical cavities over the last decade, the physics of cavity-emitter interactions as well as various integration methods are investigated deeply. These integrations not only enhance the light-matter interaction of the emitters, but also provide opportunities for realizing nanophotonic devices based on the new physics allowed by low-dimensional emitters. In this review, the fundamentals, strengths and weaknesses of various planar optical resonators are first provided. Then, commonly used low-dimensional light-emitting materials such as 0D emitters (quantum dots and upconversion nanoparticles) and 2D emitters (transition-metal dichalcogenide and hexagonal boron nitride) are discussed. The integration of these emitters and cavities and the expect interplay between them are explained in the following chapters. Finally, a comprehensive discussion and outlook of nanoscale cavity-emitter integrated systems is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyuck Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihae Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Huichang Yun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mettenbrink EM, Yang W, Wilhelm S. Bioimaging with Upconversion Nanoparticles. ADVANCED PHOTONICS RESEARCH 2022; 3:2200098. [PMID: 36686152 PMCID: PMC9858112 DOI: 10.1002/adpr.202200098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Bioimaging enables the spatiotemporal visualization of biological processes at various scales empowered by a range of different imaging modalities and contrast agents. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) represent a distinct type of such contrast agents with the potential to transform bioimaging due to their unique optical properties and functional design flexibilities. This review explores and discusses the opportunities, challenges, and limitations that UCNPs exhibit as bioimaging probes and highlights applications with spatial dimensions ranging from the single nanoparticle level to cellular, tissue, and whole animal imaging. We further summarized recent advancements in bioimaging applications enabled by UCNPs, including super-resolution techniques and multimodal imaging methods, and provide a perspective on the future potential of UCNP-based technologies in bioimaging research and clinical translation. This review may provide a valuable resource for researchers interested in exploring and applying UCNP-based bioimaging technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan M. Mettenbrink
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Wen Yang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Stefan Wilhelm
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Technology (IBEST), University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang T, Wu S, Qin H, Wu H, Liu X, Li B, Zheng X. An Optically Controlled Virtual Microsensor for Biomarker Detection In Vivo. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2205760. [PMID: 36074977 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Current technologies for the real-time analysis of biomarkers in vivo, such as needle-type microelectrodes and molecular imaging methods based on exogenous contrast agents, are still facing great challenges in either invasive detection or lack of active control of the imaging probes. In this study, by combining the design concepts of needle-type microelectrodes and the fluorescence imaging method, a new technique is developed for detecting biomarkers in vivo, named as "optically controlled virtual microsensor" (OCViM). OCViM is established by the organic integration of a specially shaped laser beam and fluorescent nanoprobe, which serve as the virtual handle and sensor tip, respectively. The laser beam can trap and manipulate the nanoprobe in a programmable manner, and meanwhile excite it to generate fluorescence emission for biosensing. On this basis, fully active control of the nanoprobe is achieved noninvasively in vivo, and multipoint detection can be realized at sub-micrometer resolution by shifting a nanoprobe among multiple positions. By using OCViM, the overexpression and heterogenous distribution of biomarkers in the thrombus is studied in living zebrafish, which is further utilized for the evaluation of antithrombotic drugs. OCViM may provide a powerful tool for the mechanism study of thrombus progression and the evaluation of antithrombotic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Zhang
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Haifeng Qin
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Huaying Wu
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Liu
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Baojun Li
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Xianchuang Zheng
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen JS, Dasgupta A, Morrow DJ, Emmanuele R, Marks TJ, Hersam MC, Ma X. Room Temperature Lasing from Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16776-16783. [PMID: 36121213 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturized near-infrared semiconductor lasers that are able to generate coherent light with low energy consumption have widespread applications in fields such as optical interconnects, neuromorphic computing, and deep-tissue optogenetics. With optical transitions at near-infrared wavelengths, diameter-tunable electronic structures, and superlative optoelectronic properties, semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are promising candidates for nanolaser applications. However, despite significant efforts in this direction and recent progress toward enhancing spontaneous emission from SWCNTs through Purcell effects, SWCNT-based excitonic lasers have not yet been demonstrated. Leveraging an optimized cavity-emitter integration scheme enabled by a self-assembly process, here we couple SWCNT emission to the whispering gallery modes supported by polymer microspheres, resulting in room temperature excitonic lasing with an average lasing threshold of 4.5 kW/cm2. The high photostability of SWCNTs allows stable lasing for prolonged duration with minimal degradation. This experimental realization of excitonic lasing from SWCNTs, combined with their versatile electronic and optical properties that can be further controlled by chemical modification, offers far-reaching opportunities for tunable near-infrared nanolasers that are applicable for optical signal processing, in vivo biosensing, and optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shiang Chen
- Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Anushka Dasgupta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Darien J Morrow
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ruggero Emmanuele
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xuedan Ma
- Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cheng X, Zhou J, Yue J, Wei Y, Gao C, Xie X, Huang L. Recent Development in Sensitizers for Lanthanide-Doped Upconversion Luminescence. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15998-16050. [PMID: 36194772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The attractive features of lanthanide-doped upconversion luminescence (UCL), such as high photostability, nonphotobleaching or photoblinking, and large anti-Stokes shift, have shown great potentials in life science, information technology, and energy materials. Therefore, UCL modulation is highly demanded toward expected emission wavelength, lifetime, and relative intensity in order to satisfy stringent requirements raised from a wide variety of areas. Unfortunately, the majority of efforts have been devoted to either simple codoping of multiple activators or variation of hosts, while very little attention has been paid to the critical role that sensitizers have been playing. In fact, different sensitizers possess different excitation wavelengths and different energy transfer pathways (to different activators), which will lead to different UCL features. Thus, rational design of sensitizers shall provide extra opportunities for UCL tuning, particularly from the excitation side. In this review, we specifically focus on advances in sensitizers, including the current status, working mechanisms, design principles, as well as future challenges and endeavor directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingwen Cheng
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Jingyi Yue
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Yang Wei
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Xiaoji Xie
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi830046, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang Z, Shang L, Gao Z, Chan KK, Gong C, Wang C, Xu T, Liu T, Feng S, Chen YC. Motor-like microlasers functioning in biological fluids. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3668-3675. [PMID: 36062924 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00513a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microlasers integrated with biological systems have received tremendous attention for their intense light intensity and narrow linewidth recently, serving as a powerful tool for studying complex dynamics and interactions in scattered biological micro-environments. However, manipulation of microlasers with controllable motions and versatile functions remains elusive. Herein, we introduce the concept of motor-like microlasers formed by magnetic-doped liquid crystal droplets, in which the direction and velocity could be controlled by altering internal magnetic nanoparticles or external magnetic fields. Both translational and rotatory motions of the lasing resonator could be continually changed in real-time. Lasing-encoded motors carrying different functions and lasing wavelengths were also achieved. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of motor-like microlasers by functioning as a localized stimulation emission light source to stimulate or illuminate living cells, providing a novel approach for switching on/off light emissions and subcellular imaging. Laser emitting micromotors offer a facile system for precise manipulation of microlasers in biological fluids, providing new insight into the development of programmable on-chip laser devices and laser-emitting intelligent systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyihui Wang
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Linwei Shang
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Zehang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200050, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510150, China
| | - Kok Ken Chan
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Chaoyang Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Chenlu Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Tianhua Xu
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Tiegen Liu
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shilun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200050, China.
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yan L, Huang J, An Z, Zhang Q, Zhou B. Activating Ultrahigh Thermoresponsive Upconversion in an Erbium Sublattice for Nanothermometry and Information Security. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7042-7048. [PMID: 35833965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thermal activation of upconversion luminescence in nanocrystals opens up new opportunities in biotechnology and nanophotonics. However, it remains a daunting challenge to achieve a smart control of luminescence behavior in the thermal field with remarkable enhancement and ultrahigh sensitivity. Moreover, the physical picture involved is also debatable. Here we report a novel mechanistic design to realize an ultrasensitive thermally activated upconversion in an erbium sublattice core-shell nanostructure. By enabling a thermosensitive property into the intermediate 4I11/2 level of Er3+ through an energy-migration-mediated surface interaction, the upconverted luminescence was markedly enhanced in the thermal field together with a striking thermochromic feature under 1530 nm irradiation. Importantly, the use of non thermally coupled red and green emissions contributes to the thermal sensitivity up to 5.27% K-1, 3 times higher than that obtained by using conventional thermally coupled green emissions. We further demonstrate that the controllable surface interaction is a general approach to the thermal enhancement of upconversion for a series of lanthanide-based nanomaterials. Our findings pave a new way for the development of smart luminescent materials toward emerging applications such as noncontact nanothermometry, information security, and anticounterfeiting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinshu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengce An
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ansari AA, Muthumareeswaran M, Lv R. Coordination chemistry of the host matrices with dopant luminescent Ln3+ ion and their impact on luminescent properties. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
28
|
Wang L, Yang W, Li L, Hu S, Yuan M, Yang Z, Han K, Wang H, Xu X. Simultaneous Observation of Visible Upconversion and Near-Infrared Downconversion in SrF 2:Nd 3+/Yb 3+/Er 3+ Nanocrystals and Their Application for Detecting Metal Ions under Dual-Wavelength Excitation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:27230-27238. [PMID: 35967025 PMCID: PMC9366768 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a sequence of Nd3+, Yb3+, and Er3+ tridoped SrF2 nanocrystals (NCs) is synthesized by a hydrothermal method. Both the efficient near-infrared downconversion luminescence (DCL) and visible upconversion luminescence (UCL) of the Er3+ and Nd3+ ions are simultaneously observed and systematically demonstrated under dual-wavelength excitation (808 and 980 nm continuous-wave lasers). Subsequently, the SrF2:Nd3+/Yb3+/Er3+ (15/4/0.2 mol %) NCs with the strongest luminescence were utilized for detecting the metal ion concentrations under 808 nm excitation. The results reveal that both the UCL and DCL gradually decrease as the metal ion concentrations increase, and high sensitivity is obtained for Cu2+ ions with a detection limit of 0.22 nM (∼650 nm) and 0.63 nM (∼976 nm). In addition, these SrF2:Nd3+/Yb3+/Er3+ NCs are further demonstrated to achieve a solid-state display under 980 nm excitation, exhibiting obvious "red" and "green" patterns by varying the doping rare earth ion concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linxuan Wang
- College
of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National
University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Weiqiang Yang
- College
of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National
University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Institute
of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- Key
Laboratory of Optical Engineering, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Li
- College
of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National
University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Shuai Hu
- College
of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National
University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Maohui Yuan
- College
of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National
University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Zining Yang
- College
of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National
University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan
Provincial Key Laboratory of High Energy Laser Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Kai Han
- College
of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National
University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan
Provincial Key Laboratory of High Energy Laser Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- College
of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National
University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan
Provincial Key Laboratory of High Energy Laser Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- College
of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National
University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan
Provincial Key Laboratory of High Energy Laser Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Upconversion nanomaterials and delivery systems for smart photonic medicines and healthcare devices. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114419. [PMID: 35810884 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, upconversion (UC) nanomaterials have been extensively investigated for the applications to photomedicines with their unique features including biocompatibility, near-infrared (NIR) to visible conversion, photostability, controllable emission bands, and facile multi-functionality. These characteristics of UC nanomaterials enable versatile light delivery for deep tissue biophotonic applications. Among various stimuli-responsive delivery systems, the light-responsive delivery process has been greatly advantageous to develop spatiotemporally controllable on-demand "smart" photonic medicines. UC nanomaterials are classified largely to two groups depending on the photon UC pathway and compositions: inorganic lanthanide-doped UC nanoparticles and organic triplet-triplet annihilation UC (TTA-UC) nanomaterials. Here, we review the current-state-of-art inorganic and organic UC nanomaterials for photo-medicinal applications including photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), photo-triggered chemo and gene therapy, multimodal immunotherapy, NIR mediated neuromodulations, and photochemical tissue bonding (PTB). We also discuss the future research direction of this field and the challenges for further clinical development.
Collapse
|
30
|
Guan J, Park JE, Deng S, Tan MJH, Hu J, Odom TW. Light-Matter Interactions in Hybrid Material Metasurfaces. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15177-15203. [PMID: 35762982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This Review focuses on the integration of plasmonic and dielectric metasurfaces with emissive or stimuli-responsive materials for manipulating light-matter interactions at the nanoscale. Metasurfaces, engineered planar structures with rationally designed building blocks, can change the local phase and intensity of electromagnetic waves at the subwavelength unit level and offers more degrees of freedom to control the flow of light. A combination of metasurfaces and nanoscale emitters facilitates access to weak and strong coupling regimes for enhanced photoluminescence, nanoscale lasing, controlled quantum emission, and formation of exciton-polaritons. In addition to emissive materials, functional materials that respond to external stimuli can be combined with metasurfaces to engineer tunable nanophotonic devices. Emerging metasurface designs including surface-functionalized, chemically tunable, and multilayer hybrid metasurfaces open prospects for diverse applications, including photocatalysis, sensing, displays, and quantum information.
Collapse
|
31
|
Li P, Guo Y, Liu A, Yue X, Yuan T, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Li F. Deterministic Relation between Optical Polarization and Lattice Symmetry Revealed in Ion-Doped Single Microcrystals. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9535-9545. [PMID: 35579446 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rare-earth ion doped crystals are of great significance for microsensing and quantum information, while the ions in the crystals emit light with spontaneous partial polarization, which is, though believed to be originated from the crystal lattice structure, still lacking a deterministic explanation that can be tested with quantitative accuracy. We report experimental evidence showing the profound physical relation between the polarization degree of light emitted by the doped ion and the lattice symmetry by demonstrating, with high precision, that the lattice constant ratio c/a directly quantifies the macroscopic effective polar angle of the electric and magnetic dipoles, which essentially determines the linear polarization degree of the emission. Based on this result, we further propose a pure optical technology to identify the three-dimensional orientation of a rod-shaped single microcrystal using the polarization-resolved microspectroscopy. Our results, demonstrating the physical origin of light polarization in ion-doped crystals, allow work toward on-demand polarization control with crystallography and provide a versatile platform for polarization-based microscale sensing in dynamical systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Yaxin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Ao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yue
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Taoli Yuan
- School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P.R. China
| | - Jingping Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Qi P, Dai Y, Luo Y, Tao G, Zheng L, Liu D, Zhang T, Zhou J, Shen B, Lin F, Liu Z, Fang Z. Giant excitonic upconverted emission from two-dimensional semiconductor in doubly resonant plasmonic nanocavity. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:176. [PMID: 35688809 PMCID: PMC9187628 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00860-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phonon-assisted upconverted emission is the heart of energy harvesting, bioimaging, optical cryptography, and optical refrigeration. It has been demonstrated that emerging two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors can provide an excellent platform for efficient phonon-assisted upconversion due to the enhanced optical transition strength and phonon-exciton interaction of 2D excitons. However, there is little research on the further enhancement of excitonic upconverted emission in 2D semiconductors. Here, we report the enhanced multiphoton upconverted emission of 2D excitons in doubly resonant plasmonic nanocavities. Owing to the enhanced light collection, enhanced excitation rate, and quantum efficiency enhancement arising from the Purcell effect, an upconverted emission amplification of >1000-fold and a decrease of 2~3 orders of magnitude in the saturated excitation power are achieved. These findings pave the way for the development of excitonic upconversion lasing, nanoscopic thermometry, and sensing, revealing the possibility of optical refrigeration in future 2D electronic or excitonic devices.
Collapse
Grants
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant nos. 2020YFA0211300, 2017YFA0205700, 2017YFA0206000, and 2019YFA0210203), National Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 12027807, 11674012, 61521004, 21790364, 61422501, and 11374023), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (grant nos. Z180011 and L140007), Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China (grant no. 201420), National Program for Support of Top-notch Young Professionals (grant no. W02070003), High-performance Computing Platform of Peking University, and Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2019M660283).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Qi
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yuchen Dai
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yang Luo
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guangyi Tao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Photonics Research Center, School of Physics, MOE Key Lab of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, and Tianjin Key Lab of Photonics Materials and Technology for Information Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Liheng Zheng
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Donglin Liu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- Photonics Research Center, School of Physics, MOE Key Lab of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, and Tianjin Key Lab of Photonics Materials and Technology for Information Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bo Shen
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Feng Lin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zheyu Fang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wen S, Li D, Liu Y, Chen C, Wang F, Zhou J, Bao G, Zhang L, Jin D. Power-Dependent Optimal Concentrations of Tm 3+ and Yb 3+ in Upconversion Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5316-5323. [PMID: 35675531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have enabled a broad range of emerging nanophotonics and biophotonics applications. Here, we provide a quantitative guide to the optimum concentrations of Yb3+ sensitizer and Tm3+ emitter ions, highly dependent on the excitation power densities. To achieve this, we fabricate the inert-core@active-shell@inert-shell architecture to sandwich the same volume of the optically active section. Our results show that highly doped UCNPs enable an approximately 18-fold enhancement in brightness over that of conventional ones. Increasing the Tm3+ concentration improves the brightness by 6 times and increases the NIR/blue ratio by 11 times, while the increase of Yb3+ concentration enhances the brightness by 3 times and only slightly affects the NIR/blue ratio. Moreover, the optimal doping concentration of Tm3+ varies from 2% to 16%, which is highly dependent on the excitation power density ranging from 102 to 107 W/cm2. This work provides a guideline for designing bright UCNPs under different excitation conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Wen
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Du Li
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Chaohao Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Jiajia Zhou
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Guochen Bao
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Le Zhang
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- UTS-SUStech Joint Research Centre for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tonkaev P, Sinev IS, Rybin MV, Makarov SV, Kivshar Y. Multifunctional and Transformative Metaphotonics with Emerging Materials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15414-15449. [PMID: 35549165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Future technologies underpinning multifunctional physical and chemical systems and compact biological sensors will rely on densely packed transformative and tunable circuitry employing nanophotonics. For many years, plasmonics was considered as the only available platform for subwavelength optics, but the recently emerged field of resonant metaphotonics may provide a versatile practical platform for nanoscale science by employing resonances in high-index dielectric nanoparticles and metasurfaces. Here, we discuss the recently emerged field of metaphotonics and describe its connection to material science and chemistry. For tunabilty, metaphotonics employs a variety of the recently highlighted materials such as polymers, perovskites, transition metal dichalcogenides, and phase change materials. This allows to achieve diverse functionalities of metasystems and metasurfaces for efficient spatial and temporal control of light by employing multipolar resonances and the physics of bound states in the continuum. We anticipate expanding applications of these concepts in nanolasers, tunable metadevices, metachemistry, as well as a design of a new generation of chemical and biological ultracompact sensing devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Tonkaev
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Ivan S Sinev
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Rybin
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia.,Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Sergey V Makarov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liang Y, Zhu Z, Qiao S, Guo X, Pu R, Tang H, Liu H, Dong H, Peng T, Sun LD, Widengren J, Zhan Q. Migrating photon avalanche in different emitters at the nanoscale enables 46th-order optical nonlinearity. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:524-530. [PMID: 35469009 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A photon avalanche (PA) effect that occurs in lanthanide-doped solids gives rise to a giant nonlinear response in the luminescence intensity to the excitation light intensity. As a result, much weaker lasers are needed to evoke such PAs than for other nonlinear optical processes. Photon avalanches are mostly restricted to bulk materials and conventionally rely on sophisticated excitation schemes, specific for each individual system. Here we show a universal strategy, based on a migrating photon avalanche (MPA) mechanism, to generate huge optical nonlinearities from various lanthanide emitters located in multilayer core/shell nanostructrues. The core of the MPA nanoparticle, composed of Yb3+ and Pr3+ ions, activates avalanche looping cycles, where PAs are synchronously achieved for both Yb3+ and Pr3+ ions under 852 nm laser excitation. These nanocrystals exhibit a 26th-order nonlinearity and a clear pumping threshold of 60 kW cm-2. In addition, we demonstrate that the avalanching Yb3+ ions can migrate their optical nonlinear response to other emitters (for example, Ho3+ and Tm3+) located in the outer shell layer, resulting in an even higher-order nonlinearity (up to the 46th for Tm3+) due to further cascading multiplicative effects. Our strategy therefore provides a facile route to achieve giant optical nonlinearity in different emitters. Finally, we also demonstrate applicability of MPA emitters to bioimaging, achieving a lateral resolution of ~62 nm using one low-power 852 nm continuous-wave laser beam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusen Liang
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Zhu
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shuqian Qiao
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin Guo
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Rui Pu
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Huan Tang
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Haichun Liu
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hao Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Peng
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Dong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jerker Widengren
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qiuqiang Zhan
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shang Y, Chen T, Ma T, Hao S, Lv W, Jia D, Yang C. Advanced lanthanide doped upconversion nanomaterials for lasing emission. J RARE EARTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
37
|
Zhang H, Liu Y, Jin R, Han S, Su Q. Intensifying upconverted ultraviolet emission towards efficient reactive oxygen species generation. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200309. [PMID: 35485415 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Multiphoton upconversion that can convert near-infrared irradiation into ultraviolet emission offers many unique opportunities for photocatalysis and phototherapy. However, the high-lying excited states of lanthanide emitters are often quenched by the interior lattice defects and deleterious interactions among different lanthanides, resulting in weak ultraviolet emission. Here, we describe a novel excitation energy lock-in approach to boost ultraviolet upconversion emission in a new class of multilayer core-shell nanoparticles with a gadolinium-rich core domain. Remarkably, we observe more than 70-fold enhancements in Gd 3+ emission from the designed nanoparticles compared with the conventional nanoparticles. Our mechanistic investigation reveals that the combination of energy migration over the core domain and optically inert NaYF 4 interlayer can effectively confine the excitation energy and thus lead to intense multiphoton ultraviolet emission in upconversion nanostructures. We further achieve a 35.6% increase in photocatalytic reactivity and 26.5% in reactive oxygen species production yield in ZnO-coated upconversion nanocomposites under 808-nm excitation. This study provides a new insight to energy transfer mechanism in lanthanide-doped nanoparticles, and offers an exciting avenue for exploring novel near-infrared photocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- Shanghai University, Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, CHINA
| | - Yachong Liu
- Shanghai University, Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, CHINA
| | - Rong Jin
- Shanghai University, Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, CHINA
| | - Sanyang Han
- Tsinghua University, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, CHINA
| | - Qianqian Su
- Shanghai University, Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, #59, No. 99, Shangda Road,, Baoshan District, 200444, Shanghai, CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Shan H, Dai H, Chen X. Monitoring Various Bioactivities at the Molecular, Cellular, Tissue, and Organism Levels via Biological Lasers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:3149. [PMID: 35590841 PMCID: PMC9102053 DOI: 10.3390/s22093149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The laser is considered one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century. Biolasers employ high signal-to-noise ratio lasing emission rather than regular fluorescence as the sensing signal, directional out-coupling of lasing and excellent biocompatibility. Meanwhile, biolasers can also be micro-sized or smaller lasers with embedded/integrated biological materials. This article presents the progress in biolasers, focusing on the work done over the past years, including the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organism levels. Furthermore, biolasers have been utilized and explored for broad applications in biosensing, labeling, tracking, bioimaging, and biomedical development due to a number of unique advantages. Finally, we provide the possible directions of biolasers and their applications in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.S.); (H.D.)
| | - Hailang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.S.); (H.D.)
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.S.); (H.D.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Huang J, Yan L, Liu S, Tao L, Zhou B. Expanding the toolbox of photon upconversion for emerging frontier applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:1167-1195. [PMID: 35084000 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01654g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photon upconversion in lanthanide-based materials has recently shown compelling advantages in a wide range of fields due to their exceptional anti-Stokes luminescence performances and physicochemical properties. In particular, the latest breakthroughs in the optical manipulation of photon upconversion, such as the precise tuning of switchable emission profiles and lifetimes, open up new opportunities for diverse frontier applications from biological imaging to therapy, nanophotonics and three-dimensional displays. A summary and discussion on the recent progress can provide new insights into the fundamental understanding of luminescence mechanisms and also help to inspire new upconversion concepts and promote their frontier applications. Herein, we present a review on the state-of-the-art progress of lanthanide-based upconversion materials, focusing on the newly emerging approaches to the smart control of upconversion in aspects of light intensity, colors, and lifetimes, as well as new concepts. The emerging scientific and technological discoveries based on the well-designed upconversion materials are highlighted and discussed, along with the challenges and future perspectives. This review will contribute to the understanding of the fundamental research of photon upconversion and further promote the development of new classes of efficient upconversion materials towards diversities of frontier applications in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinshu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Long Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Songbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Lili Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu S, Yan L, Huang J, Zhang Q, Zhou B. Controlling upconversion in emerging multilayer core-shell nanostructures: from fundamentals to frontier applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1729-1765. [PMID: 35188156 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00753j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide-based upconversion nanomaterials have recently attracted considerable attention in both fundamental research and various frontier applications owing to their excellent photon upconversion performance and favourable physicochemical properties. In particular, the emergence of multi-layer core-shell (MLCS) nanostructures offers a versatile and powerful tool to realize well-defined matrix compositions and spatial distributions of the dopant on the nanometer length scale. In contrast to the conventional nanomaterials and commonly investigated core-shell nanoparticles, the rational design of MLCS nanostructures allows us to deliberately introduce more functional properties into an upconversion system, thus providing unprecedented opportunities for the precise manipulation of energy transfer channels, the dynamic control of upconversion processes, the fine tuning of switchable emission colours and new functional integration at a single-particle level. In this review, we present a summary and discussion on the key aspects of the recent progress in lanthanide-based MLCS nanoparticles, including the manipulation of emission and lifetime, the switchable multicolour output and the lanthanide ionic interactions on the nanoscale. Benefitting from the multifunctional and versatile luminescence properties, the MLCS nanostructures exhibit great potential in diversities of frontier applications such as three-dimensional display, upconversion laser, optical memory, anti-counterfeiting, thermometry, bioimaging, and therapy. The outlook and challenges as well as perspectives for the research in MLCS nanostructure materials are also provided. This review would be greatly helpful in exploring new structural designs of lanthanide-based materials to further manipulate the upconversion phenomenon and expand their application boundaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
| | - Long Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
| | - Jinshu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
| | - Qinyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, and Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Alafeef M, Dighe K, Moitra P, Pan D. Monitoring the Viral Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Still Waterbodies Using a Lanthanide-Doped Carbon Nanoparticle-Based Sensor Array. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2022; 10:245-258. [PMID: 35036178 PMCID: PMC8751013 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c06066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The latest epidemic of extremely infectious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created a significant public health concern. Despite substantial efforts to contain severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within a specific location, shortcomings in the surveillance of predominantly asymptomatic infections constrain attempts to identify the epidemiological spread of the virus. Continuous surveillance of wastewater streams, including sewage, offers opportunities to track the spread of SARS-CoV-2, which is believed to be found in fecal waste. To demonstrate the feasibility of SARS-CoV-2 detection in wastewater systems, we herein present a novel facilely constructed fluorescence sensing array based on a panel of three different lanthanide-doped carbon nanoparticles (LnCNPs). The differential fluorescence response pattern due to the counterion-ligand interactions allowed us to employ powerful pattern recognition to effectively detect SARS-CoV-2 and differentiate it from other viruses or bacteria. The sensor results were benchmarked to the gold standard RT-qPCR, and the sensor showed excellent sensitivity (1.5 copies/μL) and a short sample-to-results time of 15 min. This differential response of the sensor array was also explained from the differential mode of binding of the LnCNPs with the surface proteins of the studied bacteria and viruses. Therefore, the developed sensor array provides a cost-effective, community diagnostic tool that could be potentially used as a novel epidemiologic surveillance approach to mitigate the spread of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alafeef
- Bioengineering
Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, Jordan University
of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
- Departments
of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Maryland Baltimore, Health Sciences
Facility III, 670 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United
States
- Department
of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Interdisciplinary
Health Sciences Facility, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United
States
| | - Ketan Dighe
- Bioengineering
Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department
of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Interdisciplinary
Health Sciences Facility, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United
States
| | - Parikshit Moitra
- Departments
of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Maryland Baltimore, Health Sciences
Facility III, 670 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United
States
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Bioengineering
Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Departments
of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Maryland Baltimore, Health Sciences
Facility III, 670 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United
States
- Department
of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Interdisciplinary
Health Sciences Facility, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United
States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zheng B, Fan J, Chen B, Qin X, Wang J, Wang F, Deng R, Liu X. Rare-Earth Doping in Nanostructured Inorganic Materials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:5519-5603. [PMID: 34989556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Impurity doping is a promising method to impart new properties to various materials. Due to their unique optical, magnetic, and electrical properties, rare-earth ions have been extensively explored as active dopants in inorganic crystal lattices since the 18th century. Rare-earth doping can alter the crystallographic phase, morphology, and size, leading to tunable optical responses of doped nanomaterials. Moreover, rare-earth doping can control the ultimate electronic and catalytic performance of doped nanomaterials in a tunable and scalable manner, enabling significant improvements in energy harvesting and conversion. A better understanding of the critical role of rare-earth doping is a prerequisite for the development of an extensive repertoire of functional nanomaterials for practical applications. In this review, we highlight recent advances in rare-earth doping in inorganic nanomaterials and the associated applications in many fields. This review covers the key criteria for rare-earth doping, including basic electronic structures, lattice environments, and doping strategies, as well as fundamental design principles that enhance the electrical, optical, catalytic, and magnetic properties of the material. We also discuss future research directions and challenges in controlling rare-earth doping for new applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Institute for Composites Science Innovation, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jingyue Fan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xian Qin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Environmental Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Renren Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Institute for Composites Science Innovation, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Fu M, Yang M, Xu X. Upconversion fluorescent nanoprobe based on 4-NP reversible structure for a wide range of pH determination. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01803a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Accurate detection of pH value has received more and more attention in various fields. However, most reported probes show pH values in the acidic or alkaline range and work within...
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles are a class of luminescent materials that convert longer-wavelength near-infrared photons into visible and ultraviolet emissions. They can respond to various external stimuli, which underpins many opportunities for developing the next generation of sensing technologies. In this perspective, the unique stimuli-responsive properties of upconverting nanoparticles are introduced, and their recent implementations in sensing are summarized. Promising material development strategies for enhancing the key sensing merits, including intrinsic sensitivity, biocompatibility and modality, are identified and discussed. The outlooks on future technological developments, novel sensing concepts, and applications of nanoscale upconversion sensors are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gungun Lin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- UTS-SUStech Joint Research Centre for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yang K, Yao X, Liu B, Ren B. Metallic Plasmonic Array Structures: Principles, Fabrications, Properties, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007988. [PMID: 34048123 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The vast development of nanofabrication has spurred recent progress for the manipulation of light down to a region much smaller than the wavelength. Metallic plasmonic array structures are demonstrated to be the most powerful platform to realize controllable light-matter interactions and have found wide applications due to their rich and tunable optical performance through the morphology and parameter engineering. Here, various light-management mechanisms that may exist on metallic plasmonic array structures are described. Then, the typical techniques for fabrication of metallic plasmonic arrays are summarized. Next, some recent applications of plasmonic arrays are reviewed, including plasmonic sensing, surface-enhanced spectroscopies, plasmonic nanolasing, and perfect light absorption. Lastly, the existing challenges and perspectives for metallic plasmonic arrays are discussed. The aim is to provide guidance for future development of metallic plasmonic array structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xu Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yang XF, Lyu ZY, Dong H, Sun LD, Yan CH. Lanthanide Upconverted Microlasing: Microlasing Spanning Full Visible Spectrum to Near-Infrared under Low Power, CW Pumping. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103140. [PMID: 34510739 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The miniaturization of lasers holds promise in ultradense data storage and biosensing, but greater pump power is required to reach the lasing thresholds to overcome increased optical losses with reduced resonant cavity sizes. Here, the whispering galley mode (WGM) of Yb3+ /Tm3+ doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) coupled with microcavities (≈5 µm) is used to achieve ultralow threshold upconverted lasing at 800 nm with excitation fluences as low as 4 W cm-2 . The continuous-wave (CW) upconverted lasing, with a Q factor on the order of 103 , can remain stable for more than 6 h. In addition, ultralow threshold upconverted microlasers spanning the full visible spectrum from Yb3+ /Er3+ , Yb3+ /Ho3+ , and Yb3+ /Tm3+ doped UCNPs are obtained with the same WGM cavity design. These upconverted microlasers working under low power CW 980 nm laser will enable promising applications in biosensing and imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Fei Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ze-Yu Lyu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ling-Dong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chun-Hua Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ma J, Zhu W, Lei L, Deng D, Hua Y, Yang YM, Xu S, Prasad PN. Highly Efficient NaGdF 4:Ce/Tb Nanoscintillator with Reduced Afterglow and Light Scattering for High-Resolution X-ray Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44596-44603. [PMID: 34516086 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Scintillation-based X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) imaging shows great potential applications in the fields of industrial security inspection and medical diagnosis. It is still a great challenge to achieve scintillators simultaneously with low toxicity, high stability, strong XEOL intensity, and weak afterglow as well as simple device processibility with weak light scattering. Herein, we introduce ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA)-capped NaGdF4:10Ce/18Tb nanoparticles (NPs) as a highly sensitive nanoscintillator, which meets all of the abovementioned challenges. These NPs show comparable XEOL intensity to the commercial CsI (Tl) single crystal in the green region. We propose a mechanism that involves a new electron-captured path by Ce3+ ions and the promotion of energy migration from a trap center to surface quenchers via a Gd3+ sublattice, which greatly reduces the population in traps to produce significant reduction of afterglow. Moreover, by employing an ultrathin transparent NaGdF4:10Ce/18Tb film (0.045 mm) as a nanoscintillator screen for XEOL imaging, a high spatial resolution of 18.6 lp mm-1 is realized owing to the greatly limited optical scattering, which is superior to the commercial CsI (TI) scintillator and most reported lead halide perovskites. We demonstrate that doping Ce3+ ions can greatly limit X-ray-activated afterglow, enabling to use an ultrathin transparent fluoride NP-based nanoscintillator screen for high-quality XEOL imaging of various objects such as an electronics chip and biological tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Ma
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Lei Lei
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Degang Deng
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Youjie Hua
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Yang Michael Yang
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Shiqing Xu
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Paras N Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics and Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Liang L, Feng Z, Zhang Q, Cong TD, Wang Y, Qin X, Yi Z, Ang MJY, Zhou L, Feng H, Xing B, Gu M, Li X, Liu X. Continuous-wave near-infrared stimulated-emission depletion microscopy using downshifting lanthanide nanoparticles. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:975-980. [PMID: 34127821 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stimulated-emission depletion (STED) microscopy has profoundly extended our horizons to the subcellular level1-3. However, it remains challenging to perform hours-long, autofluorescence-free super-resolution imaging in near-infrared (NIR) optical windows under facile continuous-wave laser depletion at low power4,5. Here we report downshifting lanthanide nanoparticles that enable background-suppressed STED imaging in all-NIR spectral bands (λexcitation = 808 nm, λdepletion = 1,064 nm and λemission = 850-900 nm), with a lateral resolution of below 20 nm and zero photobleaching. With a quasi-four-level configuration and long-lived (τ > 100 μs) metastable states, these nanoparticles support near-unity (98.8%) luminescence suppression under 19 kW cm-2 saturation intensity. The all-NIR regime enables high-contrast deep-tissue (~50 μm) imaging with approximately 70 nm spatial resolution. These lanthanide nanoprobes promise to expand the application realm of STED microscopy and pave the way towards high-resolution time-lapse investigations of cellular processes at superior spatial and temporal dimensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Liang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ziwei Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiming Zhang
- Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Thang Do Cong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Wang
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xian Qin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhigao Yi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Feng
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bengang Xing
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Gu
- Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiangping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The review of history and progress on radiation-balanced (athermal) lasers is presented with a special focus on rare earth (RE)-doped lasers. In the majority of lasers, heat generated inside the laser medium is an unavoidable product of the lasing process. Radiation-balanced lasers can provide lasing without detrimental heating of laser medium. This new approach to the design of optically pumped RE-doped solid-state lasers is provided by balancing the spontaneous and stimulated emission within the laser medium. It is based on the principle of anti-Stokes fluorescence cooling of RE-doped low-phonon solids. The theoretical description of the operation of radiation-balanced lasers based on the set of coupled rate equations is presented and discussed. It is shown that, for athermal operation, the value of the pump wavelength of the laser must exceed the value of the mean fluorescence wavelength of the RE laser active ions doped in the laser medium. The improved purity of host crystals and better control of the transverse intensity profile will result in improved performance of the radiation-balanced laser. Recent experimental achievements in the development of radiation-balanced RE-doped bulk lasers, fibre lasers, disk lasers, and microlasers are reviewed and discussed.
Collapse
|
50
|
Richards BS, Hudry D, Busko D, Turshatov A, Howard IA. Photon Upconversion for Photovoltaics and Photocatalysis: A Critical Review. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9165-9195. [PMID: 34327987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Opportunities for enhancing solar energy harvesting using photon upconversion are reviewed. The increasing prominence of bifacial solar cells is an enabling factor for the implementation of upconversion, however, when the realistic constraints of current best-performing silicon devices are considered, many challenges remain before silicon photovoltaics operating under nonconcentrated sunlight can be enhanced via lanthanide-based upconversion. A photophysical model reveals that >1-2 orders of magnitude increase in the intermediate state lifetime, energy transfer rate, or generation rate would be needed before such solar upconversion could start to become efficient. Methods to increase the generation rate such as the use of cosensitizers to expand the absorption range and the use of plasmonics or photonic structures are reviewed. The opportunities and challenges for these approaches (or combinations thereof) to achieve efficient solar upconversion are discussed. The opportunity for enhancing the performance of technologies such as luminescent solar concentrators by combining upconversion together with micro-optics is also reviewed. Triplet-triplet annihilation-based upconversion is progressing steadily toward being relevant to lower-bandgap solar cells. Looking toward photocatalysis, photophysical modeling indicates that current blue-to-ultraviolet lanthanide upconversion systems are very inefficient. However, hope remains in this direction for organic upconversion enhancing the performance of visible-light-active photocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryce S Richards
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Damien Hudry
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dmitry Busko
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andrey Turshatov
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ian A Howard
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|