1
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Hasegawa K, Zhao Y, Garbuzov A, Corces MR, Neuhöfer P, Gillespie VM, Cheung P, Belk JA, Huang YH, Wei Y, Chen L, Chang HY, Artandi SE. Clonal inactivation of TERT impairs stem cell competition. Nature 2024; 632:201-208. [PMID: 39020172 PMCID: PMC11291281 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07700-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Telomerase is intimately associated with stem cells and cancer, because it catalytically elongates telomeres-nucleoprotein caps that protect chromosome ends1. Overexpression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) enhances the proliferation of cells in a telomere-independent manner2-8, but so far, loss-of-function studies have provided no evidence that TERT has a direct role in stem cell function. In many tissues, homeostasis is shaped by stem cell competition, a process in which stem cells compete on the basis of inherent fitness. Here we show that conditional deletion of Tert in the spermatogonial stem cell (SSC)-containing population in mice markedly impairs competitive clone formation. Using lineage tracing from the Tert locus, we find that TERT-expressing SSCs yield long-lived clones, but that clonal inactivation of TERT promotes stem cell differentiation and a genome-wide reduction in open chromatin. This role for TERT in competitive clone formation occurs independently of both its reverse transcriptase activity and the canonical telomerase complex. Inactivation of TERT causes reduced activity of the MYC oncogene, and transgenic expression of MYC in the TERT-deleted pool of SSCs efficiently rescues clone formation. Together, these data reveal a catalytic-activity-independent requirement for TERT in enhancing stem cell competition, uncover a genetic connection between TERT and MYC and suggest that a selective advantage for stem cells with high levels of TERT contributes to telomere elongation in the male germline during homeostasis and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuteru Hasegawa
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alina Garbuzov
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M Ryan Corces
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Neuhöfer
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Victoria M Gillespie
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peggie Cheung
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julia A Belk
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Yuning Wei
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lu Chen
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Steven E Artandi
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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2
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Soares CC, Rizzo A, Maresma MF, Meier P. Autocrine glutamate signaling drives cell competition in Drosophila. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00400-3. [PMID: 39047739 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Cell competition is an evolutionarily conserved quality control process that eliminates suboptimal or potentially dangerous cells. Although differential metabolic states act as direct drivers of competition, how these are measured across tissues is not understood. Here, we demonstrate that vesicular glutamate transporter (VGlut) and autocrine glutamate signaling are required for cell competition and Myc-driven super-competition in the Drosophila epithelia. We find that the loss of glutamate-stimulated VGlut>NMDAR>CaMKII>CrebB signaling triggers loser status and cell death under competitive settings via the autocrine induction of TNF. This in turn drives TNFR>JNK activation, triggering loser cell elimination and PDK/LDH-dependent metabolic reprogramming. Inhibiting caspases or preventing loser cells from transferring lactate to their neighbors nullifies cell competition. Further, in a Drosophila model for premalignancy, Myc-overexpressing clones co-opt this signaling circuit to acquire super-competitor status. Targeting glutamate signaling converts Myc "super-competitor" clones into "losers," highlighting new therapeutic opportunities to restrict the evolution of fitter clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmo Castilho Soares
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK.
| | - Alberto Rizzo
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Marta Forés Maresma
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Pascal Meier
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK.
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3
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Wang S, Cheng H, Li M, Gao D, Wu H, Zhang S, Huang Y, Guo K. BNIP3-mediated mitophagy boosts the competitive growth of Lenvatinib-resistant cells via energy metabolism reprogramming in HCC. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:484. [PMID: 38969639 PMCID: PMC11226677 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
An increasing evidence supports that cell competition, a vital selection and quality control mechanism in multicellular organisms, is involved in tumorigenesis and development; however, the mechanistic contributions to the association between cell competition and tumor drug resistance remain ill-defined. In our study, based on a contructed lenvitinib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells display obvious competitive growth dominance over sensitive cells through reprogramming energy metabolism. Mechanistically, the hyperactivation of BCL2 interacting protein3 (BNIP3) -mediated mitophagy in lenvatinib-resistant HCC cells promotes glycolytic flux via shifting energy production from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, by regulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) -enolase 2 (ENO2) signaling, which perpetually maintaining lenvatinib-resistant HCC cells' competitive advantage over sensitive HCC cells. Of note, BNIP3 inhibition significantly sensitized the anti-tumor efficacy of lenvatinib in HCC. Our findings emphasize a vital role for BNIP3-AMPK-ENO2 signaling in maintaining the competitive outcome of lenvitinib-resistant HCC cells via regulating energy metabolism reprogramming; meanwhile, this work recognizes BNIP3 as a promising target to overcome HCC drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikai Wang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongxia Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Endoscopy Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dongmei Gao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haoran Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yilan Huang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kun Guo
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Cancer Research Center, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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4
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Gupta P, Kayal S, Tanimura N, Pothapragada SP, Senapati HK, Devendran P, Fujita Y, Bi D, Das T. Mechanical imbalance between normal and transformed cells drives epithelial homeostasis through cell competition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.27.559723. [PMID: 37961252 PMCID: PMC10635021 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.27.559723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell competition in epithelial tissue eliminates transformed cells expressing activated oncoproteins to maintain epithelial homeostasis. Although the process is now understood to be of mechanochemical origin, direct mechanical characterization and associated biochemical underpinnings are lacking. Here, we employ tissue-scale stress and compressibility measurements and theoretical modeling to unveil a mechanical imbalance between normal and transformed cells, which drives cell competition. In the mouse intestinal epithelium and epithelial monolayer, transformed cells get compacted during competition. Stress microscopy reveals an emergent compressive stress at the transformed loci leading to this compaction. A cell-based self-propelled Voronoi model predicts that this compressive stress originates from a difference in the collective compressibility of the competing populations. A new collective compressibility measurement technique named gel compression microscopy then elucidates a two-fold higher compressibility of the transformed population than the normal population. Mechanistically, weakened cell-cell adhesions due to reduced junctional abundance of E-cadherin in the transformed cells render them collectively more compressible than normal cells. Taken together, our findings unveil a mechanical basis for epithelial homeostasis against oncogenic transformations with implications in epithelial defense against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praver Gupta
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad (TIFRH), Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Sayantani Kayal
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Tanimura
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shilpa P. Pothapragada
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad (TIFRH), Hyderabad 500046, India
- Present address: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115. USA
| | - Harish K. Senapati
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad (TIFRH), Hyderabad 500046, India
- Present address: Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Padmashree Devendran
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad (TIFRH), Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Yasuyuki Fujita
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Dapeng Bi
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tamal Das
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad (TIFRH), Hyderabad 500046, India
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5
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Krotenberg Garcia A, Ledesma-Terrón M, Lamprou M, Vriend J, van Luyk ME, Suijkerbuijk SJE. Cell competition promotes metastatic intestinal cancer through a multistage process. iScience 2024; 27:109718. [PMID: 38706869 PMCID: PMC11068562 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell competition plays an instrumental role in quality control during tissue development and homeostasis. Nevertheless, cancer cells can exploit this process for their own proliferative advantage. In our study, we generated mixed murine organoids and microtissues to explore the impact of cell competition on liver metastasis. Unlike competition at the primary site, the initial effect on liver progenitor cells does not involve the induction of apoptosis. Instead, metastatic competition manifests as a multistage process. Initially, liver progenitors undergo compaction, which is followed by cell-cycle arrest, ultimately forcing differentiation. Subsequently, the newly differentiated liver cells exhibit reduced cellular fitness, rendering them more susceptible to outcompetition by intestinal cancer cells. Notably, cancer cells leverage different interactions with different epithelial populations in the liver, using them as scaffolds to facilitate their growth. Consequently, tissue-specific mechanisms of cell competition are fundamental in driving metastatic intestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Krotenberg Garcia
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Ledesma-Terrón
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), University City of Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Lamprou
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joyce Vriend
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Merel Elise van Luyk
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia Jacoba Elisabeth Suijkerbuijk
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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6
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Bosch PS, Cho B, Axelrod JD. Flamingo participates in multiple models of cell competition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.24.559197. [PMID: 37790459 PMCID: PMC10542155 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.24.559197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The growth and survival of cells with different fitness, such as those with a proliferative advantage or a deleterious mutation, is controlled through cell competition. During development, cell competition enables healthy cells to eliminate less fit cells that could jeopardize tissue integrity, and facilitates the elimination of pre-malignant cells by healthy cells as a surveillance mechanism to prevent oncogenesis. Malignant cells also benefit from cell competition to promote their expansion. Despite its ubiquitous presence, the mechanisms governing cell competition, particularly those common to developmental competition and tumorigenesis, are poorly understood. Here, we show that in Drosophila, the planar cell polarity (PCP) protein Flamingo (Fmi) is required by winners to maintain their status during cell competition in malignant tumors to overtake healthy tissue, in early pre-malignant cells when they overproliferate among wildtype cells, in healthy cells when they later eliminate pre-malignant cells, and by supercompetitors as they compete to occupy excessive territory within wildtype tissues. "Would-be" winners that lack Fmi are unable to over-proliferate, and instead become losers. We demonstrate that the role of Fmi in cell competition is independent of PCP, and that it uses a distinct mechanism that may more closely resemble one used in other less well-defined functions of Fmi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sanchez Bosch
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford CA, 94305, USA
- These authors made equal contributions
| | - Bomsoo Cho
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford CA, 94305, USA
- These authors made equal contributions
| | - Jeffrey D Axelrod
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford CA, 94305, USA
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7
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Krishnan S, Paul PK, Rodriguez TA. Cell competition and the regulation of protein homeostasis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 87:102323. [PMID: 38301378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The process of embryonic development involves remarkable cellular plasticity, which governs the coordination between cells necessary to build an organism. One role of this plasticity is to ensure that when aberrant cells are eliminated, growth adjustment occurs so that the size of the tissue is maintained. An important regulator of cellular plasticity that ensures cellular cooperation is a fitness-sensing mechanism termed cell competition. During cell competition, cells with defects that lower fitness but do not affect viability, such as those that cause impaired signal transduction, slower cellular growth, mitochondrial dysregulation or impaired protein homeostasis, are killed when surrounded by fitter cells. This is accompanied by the compensatory proliferation of the surviving cells. The underlying factors and mechanisms that demarcate certain cells as less fit than their neighbouring cells and losers of cell competition are still relatively unknown. Recent evidence has pointed to mitochondrial defects and proteotoxic stress as important hallmarks of these loser cells. Here, we review recent advances in this area, focussing on the role of mitochondrial activity and protein homeostasis as major mechanisms determining competitive cell fitness during development and the importance of cell proteostasis in determining cell fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pranab K Paul
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
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8
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Khan C, Rusan NM. Using Drosophila to uncover the role of organismal physiology and the tumor microenvironment in cancer. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:289-311. [PMID: 38350736 PMCID: PMC11008779 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis causes over 90% of cancer patient fatalities. Poor prognosis is determined by tumor type, the tumor microenvironment (TME), organ-specific biology, and animal physiology. While model organisms do not fully mimic the complexity of humans, many processes can be studied efficiently owing to the ease of genetic, developmental, and cell biology studies. For decades, Drosophila has been instrumental in identifying basic mechanisms controlling tumor growth and metastasis. The ability to generate clonal populations of distinct genotypes in otherwise wild-type animals makes Drosophila a powerful system to study tumor-host interactions at the local and global scales. This review discusses advancements in tumor biology, highlighting the strength of Drosophila for modeling TMEs and systemic responses in driving tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitali Khan
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Nasser M Rusan
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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9
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Perez Montero S, Paul PK, di Gregorio A, Bowling S, Shepherd S, Fernandes NJ, Lima A, Pérez-Carrasco R, Rodriguez TA. Mutation of p53 increases the competitive ability of pluripotent stem cells. Development 2024; 151:dev202503. [PMID: 38131530 PMCID: PMC10820806 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
During development, the rate of tissue growth is determined by the relative balance of cell division and cell death. Cell competition is a fitness quality-control mechanism that contributes to this balance by eliminating viable cells that are less fit than their neighbours. The mutations that confer cells with a competitive advantage and the dynamics of the interactions between winner and loser cells are not well understood. Here, we show that embryonic cells lacking the tumour suppressor p53 are 'super-competitors' that eliminate their wild-type neighbours through the direct induction of apoptosis. This elimination is context dependent, as it does not occur when cells are pluripotent and it is triggered by the onset of differentiation. Furthermore, by combining mathematical modelling and cell-based assays we show that the elimination of wild-type cells is not through competition for space or nutrients, but instead is mediated by short-range interactions that are dependent on the local cell neighbourhood. This highlights the importance of the local cell neighbourhood and the competitive interactions within this neighbourhood for the regulation of proliferation during early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Perez Montero
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Pranab K. Paul
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Aida di Gregorio
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sarah Bowling
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Solomon Shepherd
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nadia J. Fernandes
- Imperial BRC Genomics Facility, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ana Lima
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Rubén Pérez-Carrasco
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tristan A. Rodriguez
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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10
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Cong B, Cagan RL. Cell competition and cancer from Drosophila to mammals. Oncogenesis 2024; 13:1. [PMID: 38172609 PMCID: PMC10764339 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-023-00505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Throughout an individual's life, somatic cells acquire cancer-associated mutations. A fraction of these mutations trigger tumour formation, a phenomenon partly driven by the interplay of mutant and wild-type cell clones competing for dominance; conversely, other mutations function against tumour initiation. This mechanism of 'cell competition', can shift clone dynamics by evaluating the relative status of clonal populations, promoting 'winners' and eliminating 'losers'. This review examines the role of cell competition in the context of tumorigenesis, tumour progression and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojie Cong
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, Scotland, G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Ross L Cagan
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, Scotland, G61 1QH, UK
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11
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Huang X, Zhang M, Zhang Z. The Role of LMP1 in Epstein-Barr Virus-associated Gastric Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:127-141. [PMID: 37183458 DOI: 10.2174/1568009623666230512153741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
EBV promotes many cancers such as lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and gastric; Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) is considered to be a major oncogenic protein encoded by Epstein- Barr virus (EBV). LMP1 functions as a carcinogen in lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and LMP1 may also promote gastric cancer. The expression level of LMP1 in host cells is a key determinant in tumorigenesis and maintenance of virus specificity. By promoting cell immortalization and cell transformation, promoting cell proliferation, affecting immunity, and regulating cell apoptosis, LMP1 plays a crucial tumorigenic role in epithelial cancers. However, very little is currently known about LMP1 in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC); the main reason is that the expression level of LMP1 in EBVaGC is comparatively lower than other EBV-encoded proteins, such as The Latent Membrane Protein 2A (LMP2A), Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and BamHI-A rightward frame 1 (BARF1), to date, there are few studies related to LMP1 in EBVaGC. Recent studies have demonstrated that LMP1 promotes EBVaGC by affecting The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase- Akt (PI3K-Akt), Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and other signaling pathways to regulate many downstream targets such as Forkhead box class O (FOXO), C-X-C-motif chemokine receptor (CXCR), COX-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2); moreover, the gene methylation induced by LMP1 in EBVaGC has become one of the characteristics that distinguish this gastric cancer (GC) from other types of gastric cancer and LMP1 also promotes the formation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of EBVaGC in several ways. This review synthesizes previous relevant literature, aiming to highlight the latest findings on the mechanism of action of LMP1 in EBVaGC, summarize the function of LMP1 in EBVaGC, lay the theoretical foundation for subsequent new research on LMP1 in EBVaGC, and contribute to the development of novel LMP1-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Grade 20, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Meilan Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
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12
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Zhang M, Ji X, Li Y, Chen X, Wu X, Tan R, Jiang H. Anthriscus sylvestris: An overview on Bioactive Compounds and Anticancer Mechanisms from a Traditional Medicinal Plant to Modern Investigation. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1162-1176. [PMID: 38288817 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575271848231116095447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. Gen. is a biennial or perennial herb commonly found in China. It has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine to treat various ailments such as cough, gastric disorders, spleen deficiency, and limb weakness. Recently, its potential as an anticancer agent has gained considerable attention and has been the subject of extensive research focusing on extract efficacy, identification of active compounds, and proposed molecular mechanisms. Nevertheless, further high-quality research is still required to fully evaluate its potential as an anticancer drug. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the anticancer properties exhibited by the active components found in Anthriscus sylvestris. We conducted a comprehensive search, collation, and analysis of published articles on anticancer activity and active compounds of A. sylvestris using various databases that include, but are not limited to, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and Google Scholar. The primary chemical composition of A. sylvestris consists of phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, steroids, fatty acids, and organic acids, showcasing an array of pharmacological activities like anticancer, antioxidant, anti-aging, and immunoregulatory properties. Thus, this review highlights the active compounds isolated from A. sylvestris extracts, which provide potential leads for the development of novel anticancer drugs and a better understanding of the plant's pharmacological effects, particularly its anticancer mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Jinniu District, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Ji
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Jinniu District, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Jinniu District, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu/ Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Jinniu District, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Rui Tan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Jinniu District, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Hezhong Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Jinniu District, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
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13
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Guan LY, Lin SZ, Chen PC, Lv JQ, Li B, Feng XQ. Interfacial Organization and Forces Arising from Epithelial-Cancerous Monolayer Interactions. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24668-24684. [PMID: 38091551 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial interactions between epithelia and cancer cells have profound relevance for tumor development and metastasis. Through monolayer confrontation of MCF10A (nontumorigenic human breast epithelial cells) and MDA-MB-231 (human epithelial breast cancer cells) cells, we investigate the epithelial-cancerous interfacial interactions at the tissue level. We show that the monolayer interaction leads to competitive interfacial morphodynamics and drives an intricate spatial organization of MCF10A cells into multicellular finger-like structures, which further branch into multiple subfinger-like structures. These hierarchical interfacial structures penetrate the cancer monolayer and can spontaneously segregate or even envelop cancer cell clusters, consistent with our theoretical prediction. By tracking the substrate displacements via embedded fluorescent nanobeads and implementing nanomechanical modeling that combines atomic force microscopy and finite element simulations, we computed mechanical force patterns, including traction forces and monolayer stresses, caused by the monolayer interaction. It is found that the heterogeneous mechanical forces accumulated in the monolayers are able to squeeze cancer cells, leading to three-dimensional interfacial bulges or cell extrusion, initiating the p53 apoptosis signaling pathways of cancer cells. We reveal that intercellular E-cadherin and P-cadherin of epithelial cells differentially regulate the interfacial organization including migration speed, directionality, spatial correlation, F-actin alignment, and subcellular protrusions of MCF10A cells; whereas E-cadherin governs interfacial geometry that is relevant to force localization and cancer cell extrusion, P-cadherin maintains interfacial integrity that enables long-range force transmission. Our findings suggest that the collaborative molecular and mechanical behaviors are crucial for preventing epithelial tissues from undergoing tumor invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Yuan Guan
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shao-Zhen Lin
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jian-Qing Lv
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xi-Qiao Feng
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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14
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Gonzalez-Avila G, Sommer B, Flores-Soto E, Aquino-Galvez A. Hypoxic Effects on Matrix Metalloproteinases' Expression in the Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16887. [PMID: 38069210 PMCID: PMC10707261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by an acidic pH and low oxygen concentrations. Hypoxia induces neoplastic cell evasion of the immune surveillance, rapid DNA repair, metabolic reprogramming, and metastasis, mainly as a response to the hypoxic inducible factors (HIFs). Likewise, cancer cells increase matrix metalloproteinases' (MMPs) expression in response to TME conditions, allowing them to migrate from the primary tumor to different tissues. Since HIFs and MMPs are augmented in the hypoxic TME, it is easy to consider that HIFs participate directly in their expression regulation. However, not all MMPs have a hypoxia response element (HRE)-HIF binding site. Moreover, different transcription factors and signaling pathways activated in hypoxia conditions through HIFs or in a HIF-independent manner participate in MMPs' transcription. The present review focuses on MMPs' expression in normal and hypoxic conditions, considering HIFs and a HIF-independent transcription control. In addition, since the hypoxic TME causes resistance to anticancer conventional therapy, treatment approaches using MMPs as a target alone, or in combination with other therapies, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Gonzalez-Avila
- Laboratorio de Oncología Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Bettina Sommer
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Edgar Flores-Soto
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Arnoldo Aquino-Galvez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
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15
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Zhao Y, Sheldon M, Sun Y, Ma L. New Insights into YAP/TAZ-TEAD-Mediated Gene Regulation and Biological Processes in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5497. [PMID: 38067201 PMCID: PMC10705714 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is conserved across species. Key mammalian Hippo pathway kinases, including MST1/2 and LATS1/2, inhibit cellular growth by inactivating the TEAD coactivators, YAP, and TAZ. Extensive research has illuminated the roles of Hippo signaling in cancer, development, and regeneration. Notably, dysregulation of Hippo pathway components not only contributes to tumor growth and metastasis, but also renders tumors resistant to therapies. This review delves into recent research on YAP/TAZ-TEAD-mediated gene regulation and biological processes in cancer. We focus on several key areas: newly identified molecular patterns of YAP/TAZ activation, emerging mechanisms that contribute to metastasis and cancer therapy resistance, unexpected roles in tumor suppression, and advances in therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway. Moreover, we provide an updated view of YAP/TAZ's biological functions, discuss ongoing controversies, and offer perspectives on specific debated topics in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Marisela Sheldon
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Yutong Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.S.)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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16
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Cachoux VML, Balakireva M, Gracia M, Bosveld F, López-Gay JM, Maugarny A, Gaugué I, di Pietro F, Rigaud SU, Noiret L, Guirao B, Bellaïche Y. Epithelial apoptotic pattern emerges from global and local regulation by cell apical area. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4807-4826.e6. [PMID: 37827152 PMCID: PMC10681125 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Geometry is a fundamental attribute of biological systems, and it underlies cell and tissue dynamics. Cell geometry controls cell-cycle progression and mitosis and thus modulates tissue development and homeostasis. In sharp contrast and despite the extensive characterization of the genetic mechanisms of caspase activation, we know little about whether and how cell geometry controls apoptosis commitment in developing tissues. Here, we combined multiscale time-lapse microscopy of developing Drosophila epithelium, quantitative characterization of cell behaviors, and genetic and mechanical perturbations to determine how apoptosis is controlled during epithelial tissue development. We found that early in cell lives and well before extrusion, apoptosis commitment is linked to two distinct geometric features: a small apical area compared with other cells within the tissue and a small relative apical area with respect to the immediate neighboring cells. We showed that these global and local geometric characteristics are sufficient to recapitulate the tissue-scale apoptotic pattern. Furthermore, we established that the coupling between these two geometric features and apoptotic cells is dependent on the Hippo/YAP and Notch pathways. Overall, by exploring the links between cell geometry and apoptosis commitment, our work provides important insights into the spatial regulation of cell death in tissues and improves our understanding of the mechanisms that control cell number and tissue size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoire M L Cachoux
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Maria Balakireva
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Gracia
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Floris Bosveld
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jesús M López-Gay
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Aude Maugarny
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Gaugué
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Florencia di Pietro
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane U Rigaud
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lorette Noiret
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Boris Guirao
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Yohanns Bellaïche
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, 75005 Paris, France.
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17
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Crozet F, Levayer R. Emerging roles and mechanisms of ERK pathway mechanosensing. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:355. [PMID: 37947896 PMCID: PMC10638131 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The coupling between mechanical forces and modulation of cell signalling pathways is essential for tissue plasticity and their adaptation to changing environments. Whilst the number of physiological and pathological relevant roles of mechanotransduction has been rapidly expanding over the last decade, studies have been mostly focussing on a limited number of mechanosensitive pathways, which include for instance Hippo/YAP/TAZ pathway, Wnt/β-catenin or the stretch-activated channel Piezo. However, the recent development and spreading of new live sensors has provided new insights into the contribution of ERK pathway in mechanosensing in various systems, which emerges now as a fast and modular mechanosensitive pathway. In this review, we will document key in vivo and in vitro examples that have established a clear link between cell deformation, mechanical stress and modulation of ERK signalling, comparing the relevant timescale and mechanical stress. We will then discuss different molecular mechanisms that have been proposed so far, focussing on the epistatic link between mechanics and ERK and discussing the relevant cellular parameters affecting ERK signalling. We will finish by discussing the physiological and the pathological consequences of the link between ERK and mechanics, outlining how this interplay is instrumental for self-organisation and long-range cell-cell coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Crozet
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Romain Levayer
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
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18
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Zhou J, Boutros M. Intestinal stem cells and their niches in homeostasis and disease. Cells Dev 2023; 175:203862. [PMID: 37271243 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissues such as the intestine harbor stem cells that have remarkable functional plasticity in response to a dynamic environment. To adapt to the environment, stem cells constantly receive information from their surrounding microenvironment (also called the 'niche') that instructs them how to adapt to changes. The Drosophila midgut shows morphological and functional similarities to the mammalian small intestine and has been a useful model system to study signaling events in stem cells and tissue homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the Drosophila midgut regarding how stem cells communicate with microenvironmental niches including enteroblasts, enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells and visceral muscles to coordinate tissue regeneration and homeostasis. In addition, distant cells such as hemocytes or tracheal cells have been shown to interact with stem cells and influence the development of intestinal diseases. We discuss the contribution of stem cell niches in driving or counteracting disease progression, and review conceptual advances derived from the Drosophila intestine as a model for stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University, Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, BioQuant and Medical Faculty Mannheim, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China.
| | - Michael Boutros
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University, Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, BioQuant and Medical Faculty Mannheim, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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19
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Zhang Y, Bai Y, Ma XX, Song JK, Luo Y, Fei XY, Ru Y, Luo Y, Jiang JS, Zhang Z, Yang D, Xue TT, Zhang HP, Liu TY, Xiang YW, Kuai L, Liu YQ, Li B. Clinical-mediated discovery of pyroptosis in CD8 + T cell and NK cell reveals melanoma heterogeneity by single-cell and bulk sequence. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:553. [PMID: 37620327 PMCID: PMC10449777 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Histologically, melanoma tissues had fewer positive cells percentage of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs), GZMA, GSDMB, NLRP1, IL18, and CHMP4A in epidermal than in normal skin. Pyroptosis, a new frontier in cancer, affects the tumor microenvironment and tumor immunotherapy. Nevertheless, the role of pyroptosis remains controversial, which reason is partly due to the heterogeneity of the cellular composition in melanoma. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of the single-cell transcriptome landscape of pyroptosis in melanoma specimens. Our findings reveal dysregulation in the expression of PRGs, particularly in immune cells, such as CD8+ cells (representing CD8+ T cells) and CD57+ cells (representing NK cells). Additionally, the immunohistochemical and multiplex immunofluorescence staining experiments results further confirmed GZMA+ cells and GSDMB+ cells were predominantly expressed in immune cells, especially in CD8 + T cells and NK cells. Melanoma specimens secreted a minimal presence of GZMA+ merged CD8+ T cells (0.11%) and GSDMB+ merged CD57+ cells (0.08%), compared to the control groups exhibiting proportions of 4.02% and 0.62%, respectively. The aforementioned findings indicate that a reduced presence of immune cells within tumors may play a role in diminishing the ability of pyroptosis, consequently posing a potential risk to the anti-melanoma properties. To quantify clinical relevance, we constructed a prognostic risk model and an individualized nomogram (C-index=0.58, P = 0.002), suggesting a potential role of PRGs in malignant melanoma prevention. In conclusion, our integrated single-cell and bulk RNA-seq analysis identified immune cell clusters and immune gene modules with experiment validation, contributing to our better understanding of pyroptosis in melanoma.
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Grants
- This study was supported by Shanghai Clinical Key Specialty Construction Project (shslczdzk05001), Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (21Y21920101,21Y21920102), the Shanghai Development Office of TCM (ZY(2021-2023)-0302, ZY(2021-2023)-0209-13).
- the Key Project of Clinical Research from Shanghai Hospital Development Center (SHDC2020CR4020), and Funding from Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital (2018KYQD01).
- Shanghai Municipal Commission of Economy and Information Technology, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Innovation and Development Project-Intelligent Dermatology Clinic Based on Modern TCM Diagnostic Technology, No. 2020-RGZN-02038.
- the Youth Talent Promotion Project of China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2021-2023) Category A (CACM-2021-QNRC2-A10), the “Chen Guang” project supported by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and Shanghai Education Development Foundation (22CGA50), the Health Young Talents of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (2022YQ026), the Xinglin Youth Scholar of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. RY411.33.10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jian-Kun Song
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Fei
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Yi Ru
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jing-Si Jiang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Ting-Ting Xue
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hui-Ping Zhang
- Shanghai Applied Protein Technology Co., Ltd., 58 Yuanmei Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Tai-Yi Liu
- Shanghai Applied Protein Technology Co., Ltd., 58 Yuanmei Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yan-Wei Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Le Kuai
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ye-Qiang Liu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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20
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Zhang X, Li S, Malik I, Do MH, Ji L, Chou C, Shi W, Capistrano KJ, Zhang J, Hsu TW, Nixon BG, Xu K, Wang X, Ballabio A, Schmidt LS, Linehan WM, Li MO. Reprogramming tumour-associated macrophages to outcompete cancer cells. Nature 2023; 619:616-623. [PMID: 37380769 PMCID: PMC10719927 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
In metazoan organisms, cell competition acts as a quality control mechanism to eliminate unfit cells in favour of their more robust neighbours1,2. This mechanism has the potential to be maladapted, promoting the selection of aggressive cancer cells3-6. Tumours are metabolically active and are populated by stroma cells7,8, but how environmental factors affect cancer cell competition remains largely unknown. Here we show that tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) can be dietarily or genetically reprogrammed to outcompete MYC-overexpressing cancer cells. In a mouse model of breast cancer, MYC overexpression resulted in an mTORC1-dependent 'winner' cancer cell state. A low-protein diet inhibited mTORC1 signalling in cancer cells and reduced tumour growth, owing unexpectedly to activation of the transcription factors TFEB and TFE3 and mTORC1 in TAMs. Diet-derived cytosolic amino acids are sensed by Rag GTPases through the GTPase-activating proteins GATOR1 and FLCN to control Rag GTPase effectors including TFEB and TFE39-14. Depletion of GATOR1 in TAMs suppressed the activation of TFEB, TFE3 and mTORC1 under the low-protein diet condition, causing accelerated tumour growth; conversely, depletion of FLCN or Rag GTPases in TAMs activated TFEB, TFE3 and mTORC1 under the normal protein diet condition, causing decelerated tumour growth. Furthermore, mTORC1 hyperactivation in TAMs and cancer cells and their competitive fitness were dependent on the endolysosomal engulfment regulator PIKfyve. Thus, noncanonical engulfment-mediated Rag GTPase-independent mTORC1 signalling in TAMs controls competition between TAMs and cancer cells, which defines a novel innate immune tumour suppression pathway that could be targeted for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shun Li
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isha Malik
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mytrang H Do
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liangliang Ji
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chun Chou
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristelle J Capistrano
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ting-Wei Hsu
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology, and Molecular Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Briana G Nixon
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- META Pharmaceuticals, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura S Schmidt
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ming O Li
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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21
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Aoyama M, Homma T, Koharazawa R, Suhara Y, Semba K. Effect of lonidamine derivatives on the inhibition of transformed cell area expansion. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101480. [PMID: 37180755 PMCID: PMC10172748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Expansion of transformed cell area is regulated by the surrounding nontransformed cells. Lonidamine (LND) was recently found to regulate transformed cell area expansion through suppressing the cell motility of nontransformed cells; however, the structure-activity relationship between LND and this inhibitory activity has yet to be elucidated. We synthesized several LND derivatives and evaluated their inhibitory activity against the expansion of transformed cell area and found that the halogenation pattern on the benzene ring moiety, the carboxylic acid moiety, and the overall hydrophobicity of the molecule were correlated with inhibition activity. We also found that the localization of the tight junction protein, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), in nontransformed cells was significantly altered after treatment with the LND derivatives that displayed inhibitory activity. Further studies with LND derivatives and monitoring the localization of ZO-1 may help to develop more active compounds for suppressing transformed cell area expansion and lead to new anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Aoyama
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Taiki Homma
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan
| | - Ryohto Koharazawa
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Suhara
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan
| | - Kentaro Semba
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
- Corresponding author. Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.
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22
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Otsuka K, Iwasaki T. Insights into radiation carcinogenesis based on dose-rate effects in tissue stem cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1503-1521. [PMID: 36971595 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2194398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increasing epidemiological and biological evidence suggests that radiation exposure enhances cancer risk in a dose-dependent manner. This can be attributed to the 'dose-rate effect,' where the biological effect of low dose-rate radiation is lower than that of the same dose at a high dose-rate. This effect has been reported in epidemiological studies and experimental biology, although the underlying biological mechanisms are not completely understood. In this review, we aim to propose a suitable model for radiation carcinogenesis based on the dose-rate effect in tissue stem cells. METHODS We surveyed and summarized the latest studies on the mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Next, we summarized the radiosensitivity of intestinal stem cells and the role of dose-rate in the modulation of stem-cell dynamics after irradiation. RESULTS Consistently, driver mutations can be detected in most cancers from past to present, supporting the hypothesis that cancer progression is initiated by the accumulation of driver mutations. Recent reports demonstrated that driver mutations can be observed even in normal tissues, which suggests that the accumulation of mutations is a necessary condition for cancer progression. In addition, driver mutations in tissue stem cells can cause tumors, whereas they are not sufficient when they occur in non-stem cells. For non-stem cells, tissue remodeling induced by marked inflammation after the loss of tissue cells is important in addition to the accumulation of mutations. Therefore, the mechanism of carcinogenesis differs according to the cell type and magnitude of stress. In addition, our results indicated that non-irradiated stem cells tend to be eliminated from three-dimensional cultures of intestinal stem cells (organoids) composed of irradiated and non-irradiated stem cells, supporting the stem-cell competition. CONCLUSIONS We propose a unique scheme in which the dose-rate dependent response of intestinal stem cells incorporates the concept of the threshold of stem-cell competition and context-dependent target shift from stem cells to whole tissue. The concept highlights four key issues that should be considered in radiation carcinogenesis: i.e. accumulation of mutations; tissue reconstitution; stem-cell competition; and environmental factors like epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Otsuka
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Iwasaki
- Strategy and Planning Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Taniguchi K, Igaki T. Sas-Ptp10D shapes germ-line stem cell niche by facilitating JNK-mediated apoptosis. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010684. [PMID: 36972315 PMCID: PMC10079222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of the stem cell system is supported by a stereotypical shape of the niche structure. In Drosophila ovarian germarium, somatic cap cells form a dish-like niche structure that allows only two or three germ-line stem cells (GSCs) reside in the niche. Despite extensive studies on the mechanism of stem cell maintenance, the mechanisms of how the dish-like niche structure is shaped and how this structure contributes to the stem cell system have been elusive. Here, we show that a transmembrane protein Stranded at second (Sas) and its receptor Protein tyrosine phosphatase 10D (Ptp10D), effectors of axon guidance and cell competition via epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) inhibition, shape the dish-like niche structure by facilitating c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-mediated apoptosis. Loss of Sas or Ptp10D in gonadal apical cells, but not in GSCs or cap cells, during the pre-pupal stage results in abnormal shaping of the niche structure in the adult, which allows excessive, four to six GSCs reside in the niche. Mechanistically, loss of Sas-Ptp10D elevates Egfr signaling in the gonadal apical cells, thereby suppressing their naturally-occurring JNK-mediated apoptosis that is essential for the shaping of the dish-like niche structure by neighboring cap cells. Notably, the abnormal niche shape and resulting excessive GSCs lead to diminished egg production. Our data propose a concept that the stereotypical shaping of the niche structure optimizes the stem cell system, thereby maximizing the reproductive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiichiro Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Genetics, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail: (KT); (TI)
| | - Tatsushi Igaki
- Laboratory of Genetics, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail: (KT); (TI)
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24
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Yang B, Tang H, Wang N, Gu J, Wang Q. Targeted DNA demethylation of the ZNF334 promoter inhibits colorectal cancer growth. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:210. [PMID: 36966142 PMCID: PMC10039945 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Aberrant regulation of DNA methylation in promoters of tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes is one of the fundamental processes driving the initiation and progression of CRC. Zinc-finger proteins (ZNFs) are one of the most abundant groups of proteins and function in many important biological processes related to tumorigenesis. Herein, we detected abnormal hypermethylation of the ZNF334 gene in CRC tissues compared with normal tissues, and this modification downregulated the expression of ZNF334. Furthermore, ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) was identified to be involved in regulating the methylation level of ZNF334. Next, a dCas9-multiGCN4/scFv-TET1CD-sgZNF334-targeted demethylation system was constructed to reverse the expression of ZNF334 through sgRNA targeting the ZNF334 promoter. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated the targeted demethylation system upregulated ZNF334 expression and inhibited CRC growth. Collectively, targeted DNA demethylation of the ZNF334 promoter sheds light on the precise treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiyu Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China.
- BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
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25
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Abstract
Organ development and homeostasis involve dynamic interactions between individual cells that collectively regulate tissue architecture and function. To ensure the highest tissue fidelity, equally fit cell populations are continuously renewed by stochastic replacement events, while cells perceived as less fit are actively removed by their fitter counterparts. This renewal is mediated by surveillance mechanisms that are collectively known as cell competition. Recent studies have revealed that cell competition has roles in most, if not all, developing and adult tissues. They have also established that cell competition functions both as a tumour-suppressive mechanism and as a tumour-promoting mechanism, thereby critically influencing cancer initiation and development. This Review discusses the latest insights into the mechanisms of cell competition and its different roles during embryonic development, homeostasis and cancer.
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26
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The Application of Single-Cell RNA Sequencing in the Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020344. [PMID: 36830713 PMCID: PMC9953711 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The initiation and progression of tumors are complex. The cancer evolution-development hypothesis holds that the dysregulation of immune balance is caused by the synergistic effect of immune genetic factors and environmental factors that stimulate and maintain non-resolving inflammation. Throughout the cancer development process, this inflammation creates a microenvironment for the evolution and development of cancer. Research on the inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME) explains the initiation and progression of cancer and guides anti-cancer immunotherapy. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) can detect the transcription levels of cells at the single-cell resolution level, reveal the heterogeneity and evolutionary trajectory of infiltrated immune cells and cancer cells, and provide insight into the composition and function of each cell group in the inflammatory TME. This paper summarizes the application of scRNA-seq in inflammatory TME.
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27
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Liu JC, Yu HJ. A Review of the Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Their Clinical Impact Factors. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2023; 16:29-36. [PMID: 36714524 PMCID: PMC9880024 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s391756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been shown to be significant in improving the overall survival rate in certain malignancies with poor prognoses. However, only 20-40% of patients achieve long-term benefits, highlighting the relevance of the factors that influence the treatment, which can help clinicians improve their results and guide the development of new immune checkpoint therapies. In this study, the current pharmacokinetic aspects associated with the ICIs and the factors influencing clinical efficacy were characterised, including in terms of drug metabolism, drug clearance, hormonal effects and immunosuppressive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Chen Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First People’s Hospital of Jiande, Jiande, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jing Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First People’s Hospital of Jiande, Jiande, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Hong-Jing Yu, Department of Medical Oncology, The First People’s Hospital of jiande, No. 599 Yanzhou Avenue, Xin’anjiang street, Jiande, Zhejiang, 311600, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15869196365, Fax +86-571-64721520, Email
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28
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Zhang H, Zhang M, Lei J. A mathematical model with aberrant growth correction in tissue homeostasis and tumor cell growth. J Math Biol 2022; 86:2. [PMID: 36436124 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-022-01837-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is usually considered a genetic disease caused by alterations in genes that control cellular behaviors, especially growth and division. Cancer cells differ from normal tissue cells in many ways that allow them to grow out of control and become invasive. However, experiments have shown that aberrant growth in many tissues burdened with varying numbers of mutant cells can be corrected, and wild-type cells are required for the active elimination of mutant cells. These findings reveal the dynamic cellular behaviors that lead to a tissue homeostatic state when faced with mutational and nonmutational insults. The current study was motivated by these observations and established a mathematical model of how a tissue copes with the aberrant behavior of mutant cells. The proposed model depicts the interaction between wild-type and mutant cells through a system of two delay differential equations, which include the random mutation of normal cells and the active extrusion of mutant cells. Based on the proposed model, we performed qualitative analysis to identify the conditions of either normal tissue homeostasis or uncontrolled growth with varying numbers of abnormal mutant cells. Bifurcation analysis suggests the conditions of bistability with either a small or large number of mutant cells, the coexistence of bistable steady states can be clinically beneficial by driving the state of mutant cell predominance to the attraction basin of the state with a low number of mutant cells. This result is further confirmed by the treatment strategy obtained from optimal control theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Meirong Zhang
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jinzhi Lei
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Center for Applied Mathematics, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
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29
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Gerlach SU, de Vreede G, Bilder D. PTP10D-mediated cell competition is not obligately required for elimination of polarity-deficient clones. Biol Open 2022; 11:281302. [PMID: 36355597 PMCID: PMC9672856 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal organs maintain tissue integrity and ensure removal of aberrant cells through several types of surveillance mechanisms. One prominent example is the elimination of polarity-deficient mutant cells within developing Drosophila imaginal discs. This has been proposed to require heterotypic cell competition dependent on the receptor tyrosine phosphatase PTP10D within the mutant cells. We report here experiments to test this requirement in various contexts and find that PTP10D is not obligately required for the removal of scribble (scrib) mutant and similar polarity-deficient cells. Our experiments used identical stocks with which another group can detect the PTP10D requirement, and our results do not vary under several husbandry conditions including high and low protein food diets. Although we are unable to identify the source of the discrepant results, we suggest that the role of PTP10D in polarity-deficient cell elimination may not be absolute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan U. Gerlach
- University of California-Berkeley Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , , Berkeley, CA 94720 , USA
| | - Geert de Vreede
- University of California-Berkeley Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , , Berkeley, CA 94720 , USA
| | - David Bilder
- University of California-Berkeley Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , , Berkeley, CA 94720 , USA
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30
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Aoyama M, Ishikawa K, Nemoto S, Hirano H, Watanabe N, Osada H, Watanabe S, Semba K. Lonidamine and domperidone inhibit expansion of transformed cell areas by modulating motility of surrounding nontransformed cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102635. [PMID: 36273581 PMCID: PMC9706533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells intrinsically proliferate in an autonomous manner; however, the expansion of cancer cell areas in a tissue is known to be regulated by surrounding nontransformed cells. Whether these nontransformed cells can be targeted to control the spread of cancer cells is not understood. In this study, we established a system to evaluate the cancer-inhibitory activity of surrounding nontransformed cells and screened chemical compounds that could induce this activity. Our findings revealed that lonidamine (LND) and domperidone (DPD) inhibited expansion of oncogenic foci of KRASG12D-expressing transformed cells, whereas they did not inhibit the proliferation of monocultured KRASG12D-expressing cells. Live imaging revealed that LND and DPD suppressed the movement of nontransformed cells away from the attaching cancer cells. Moreover, we determined that LND and DPD promoted stress fiber formation, and the dominant-negative mutant of a small GTPase RhoA relieved the suppression of focus expansion, suggesting that RhoA-mediated stress fiber formation is involved in the inhibition of the movement of nontransformed cells and focus expansion. In conclusion, we suggest that elucidation of the mechanism of action of LND and DPD may lead to the development of a new type of drug that could induce the anticancer activity of surrounding nontransformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Aoyama
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan,For correspondence: Megumi Aoyama; Kentaro Semba
| | - Kosuke Ishikawa
- Japan Biological Informatics Consortium (JBiC), Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Nemoto
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hirano
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Osada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Watanabe
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kentaro Semba
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan,Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,For correspondence: Megumi Aoyama; Kentaro Semba
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31
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Wang X, Liu C, Chen J, Chen L, Ren X, Hou M, Cui X, Jiang Y, Liu E, Zong Y, Duan A, Fu X, Yu W, Zhao X, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Fu J, Wang H. Single-cell dissection of remodeled inflammatory ecosystem in primary and metastatic gallbladder carcinoma. Cell Discov 2022; 8:101. [PMID: 36198671 PMCID: PMC9534837 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is the most common biliary tract malignancy with the lowest survival rate, primarily arising from chronic inflammation. To better characterize the progression from inflammation to cancer to metastasis, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing across samples of 6 chronic cholecystitis, 12 treatment-naive GBCs, and 6 matched metastases. Benign epithelial cells from inflamed gallbladders displayed resting, immune-regulating, and gastrointestinal metaplastic phenotypes. A small amount of PLA2G2A+ epithelial cells with copy number variation were identified from a histologically benign sample. We validated significant overexpression of PLA2G2A across in situ GBCs, together with increased proliferation and cancer stemness in PLA2G2A-overexpressing GBC cells, indicating an important role for PLA2G2A during early carcinogenesis. Malignant epithelial cells displayed pervasive cancer hallmarks and cellular plasticity, differentiating into metaplastic, inflammatory, and mesenchymal subtypes with distinct transcriptomic, genomic, and prognostic patterns. Chronic cholecystitis led to an adapted microenvironment characterized by MDSC-like macrophages, CD8+ TRM cells, and CCL2+ immunity-regulating fibroblasts. By contrast, GBC instigated an aggressive and immunosuppressive microenvironment, featured by tumor-associated macrophages, Treg cells, CD8+ TEX cells, and STMN1+ tumor-promoting fibroblasts. Single-cell and bulk RNA-seq profiles consistently showed a more suppressive immune milieu for GBCs with inflammatory epithelial signatures, coupled with strengthened epithelial-immune crosstalk. We further pinpointed a subset of senescence-like fibroblasts (FN1+TGM2+) preferentially enriched in metastatic lesions, which promoted GBC migration and invasion via their secretory phenotype. Collectively, this study provides comprehensive insights into epithelial and microenvironmental reprogramming throughout cholecystitis-propelled carcinogenesis and metastasis, laying a new foundation for the precision therapy of GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, National Center for Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-biliary Tumor Biology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Second Department of Biliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunliang Liu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, National Center for Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-biliary Tumor Biology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianan Chen
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, National Center for Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-biliary Tumor Biology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, National Center for Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-biliary Tumor Biology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianwen Ren
- Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Hou
- Research Center for Organoids, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiuliang Cui
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, National Center for Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-biliary Tumor Biology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youhai Jiang
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Erdong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yali Zong
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anqi Duan
- Second Department of Biliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Fu
- Second Department of Biliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenlong Yu
- Second Department of Biliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhao
- Research Center for Organoids, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Second Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Second Department of Biliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Fu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, National Center for Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-biliary Tumor Biology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongyang Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, National Center for Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-biliary Tumor Biology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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32
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Zhang H, Lei J. Optimal treatment strategy of cancers with intratumor heterogeneity. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:13337-13373. [PMID: 36654050 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Intratumor heterogeneity hinders the success of anti-cancer treatment due to the interaction between different types of cells. To recapitulate the communication of different types of cells, we developed a mathematical model to study the dynamic interaction between normal, drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cells in response to cancer treatment. Based on the proposed model, we first study the analytical conclusions, namely the nonnegativity and boundedness of solutions, and the existence and stability of steady states. Furthermore, to investigate the optimal treatment that minimizes both the cancer cells count and the total dose of drugs, we apply the Pontryagin's maximum(or minimum) principle (PMP) to explore the combination therapy strategy with either quadratic control or linear control functionals. We establish the existence and uniqueness of the quadratic control problem, and apply the forward-backward sweep method (FBSM) to solve the optimal control problems and obtain the optimal therapy scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinzhi Lei
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Center for Applied Mathematics, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
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33
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Non-degradable autophagic vacuoles are indispensable for cell competition. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111292. [PMID: 36044857 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell competition is a process by which unwanted cells are eliminated from tissues. Apical extrusion is one mode whereby normal epithelial cells remove transformed cells, but it remains unclear how this process is mechanically effected. In this study, we show that autophagic and endocytic fluxes are attenuated in RasV12-transformed cells surrounded by normal cells due to lysosomal dysfunction, and that chemical manipulation of lysosomal activity compromises apical extrusion. We further find that RasV12 cells deficient in autophagy initiation machinery are resistant to elimination pressure exerted by normal cells, suggesting that non-degradable autophagic vacuoles are required for cell competition. Moreover, in vivo analysis revealed that autophagy-ablated RasV12 cells are less readily eliminated by cell competition, and remaining transformed cells destroy ductal integrity, leading to chronic pancreatitis. Collectively, our findings illuminate a positive role for autophagy in cell competition and reveal a homeostasis-preserving function of autophagy upon emergence of transformed cells.
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34
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Venkataramani V, Schneider M, Giordano FA, Kuner T, Wick W, Herrlinger U, Winkler F. Disconnecting multicellular networks in brain tumours. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:481-491. [PMID: 35488036 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells can organize and communicate in functional networks. Similarly to other networks in biology and sociology, these can be highly relevant for growth and resilience. In this Perspective, we demonstrate by the example of glioblastomas and other incurable brain tumours how versatile multicellular tumour networks are formed by two classes of long intercellular membrane protrusions: tumour microtubes and tunnelling nanotubes. The resulting networks drive tumour growth and resistance to standard therapies. This raises the question of how to disconnect brain tumour networks to halt tumour growth and whether this can make established therapies more effective. Emerging principles of tumour networks, their potential relevance for tumour types outside the brain and translational implications, including clinical trials that are already based on these discoveries, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Venkataramani
- Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- National Center for Tumour Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Frank Anton Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Kuner
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumour Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Herrlinger
- Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- National Center for Tumour Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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35
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Hepatocyte growth factor derived from senescent cells attenuates cell competition-induced apical elimination of oncogenic cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4157. [PMID: 35851277 PMCID: PMC9293948 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence and cell competition are important tumor suppression mechanisms that restrain cells with oncogenic mutations at the initial stage of cancer development. However, the link between cellular senescence and cell competition remains unclear. Senescent cells accumulated during the in vivo aging process contribute toward age-related cancers via the development of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Here, we report that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a SASP factor, inhibits apical extrusion and promotes basal protrusion of Ras-mutated cells in the cell competition assay. Additionally, cellular senescence induced by a high-fat diet promotes the survival of cells with oncogenic mutations, whereas crizotinib, an inhibitor of HGF signaling, provokes the removal of mutated cells from mouse livers and intestines. Our study provides evidence that cellular senescence inhibits cell competition-mediated elimination of oncogenic cells through HGF signaling, suggesting that it may lead to cancer incidence during aging.
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36
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Calcium sparks enhance the tissue fluidity within epithelial layers and promote apical extrusion of transformed cells. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111078. [PMID: 35830802 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, newly emerging transformed cells are often apically extruded from epithelial layers through cell competition with surrounding normal epithelial cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, using phospho-SILAC screening, we show that phosphorylation of AHNAK2 is elevated in normal cells neighboring RasV12 cells soon after the induction of RasV12 expression, which is mediated by calcium-dependent protein kinase C. In addition, transient upsurges of intracellular calcium, which we call calcium sparks, frequently occur in normal cells neighboring RasV12 cells, which are mediated by mechanosensitive calcium channel TRPC1 upon membrane stretching. Calcium sparks then enhance cell movements of both normal and RasV12 cells through phosphorylation of AHNAK2 and promote apical extrusion. Moreover, comparable calcium sparks positively regulate apical extrusion of RasV12-transformed cells in zebrafish larvae as well. Hence, calcium sparks play a crucial role in the elimination of transformed cells at the early phase of cell competition.
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Nichols J, Lima A, Rodríguez TA. Cell competition and the regulative nature of early mammalian development. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1018-1030. [PMID: 35803224 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian embryo exhibits a remarkable plasticity that allows it to correct for the presence of aberrant cells, adjust its growth so that its size is in accordance with its developmental stage, or integrate cells of another species to form fully functional organs. Here, we will discuss the contribution that cell competition, a quality control that eliminates viable cells that are less fit than their neighbors, makes to this plasticity. We will do this by reviewing the roles that cell competition plays in the early mammalian embryo and how they contribute to ensure normal development of the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Nichols
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK.
| | - Ana Lima
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Tristan A Rodríguez
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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38
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Kajiwara K, Chen PK, Abe Y, Okuda S, Kon S, Adachi J, Tomonaga T, Fujita Y, Okada M. Src activation in lipid rafts confers epithelial cells with invasive potential to escape from apical extrusion during cell competition. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3460-3476.e6. [PMID: 35809567 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal/cancerous cells within healthy epithelial tissues undergo apical extrusion to protect against carcinogenesis, although they acquire invasive capacity once carcinogenesis progresses. However, the molecular mechanisms by which cancer cells escape from apical extrusion and invade surrounding tissues remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate a molecular mechanism for cell fate switching during epithelial cell competition. We found that during competition within epithelial cell layers, Src transformation promotes maturation of focal adhesions and degradation of extracellular matrix. Src-transformed cells underwent basal delamination by Src activation within sphingolipid/cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains/lipid rafts, whereas they were apically extruded when Src was outside of lipid rafts. A comparative analysis of contrasting phenotypes revealed that activation of the Src-STAT3-MMP axis through lipid rafts was required for basal delamination. CUB-domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) was identified as an Src-activating scaffold and as a Met regulator in lipid rafts, and its overexpression induced basal delamination. In renal cancer models, CDCP1 promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition-mediated invasive behavior by activating the Src-STAT3-MMP axis through Met activation. Overall, these results suggest that spatial activation of Src signaling in lipid rafts confers resistance to apical extrusion and invasive potential on epithelial cells to promote carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kajiwara
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Ping-Kuan Chen
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichi Abe
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan; Division of Molecular Diagnosis, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
| | - Satoru Okuda
- World Premier International Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kon
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Jun Adachi
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujita
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masato Okada
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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39
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Mori Y, Shiratsuchi N, Sato N, Chaya A, Tanimura N, Ishikawa S, Kato M, Kameda I, Kon S, Haraoka Y, Ishitani T, Fujita Y. Extracellular ATP facilitates cell extrusion from epithelial layers mediated by cell competition or apoptosis. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2144-2159.e5. [PMID: 35417667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
For the maintenance of epithelial homeostasis, various aberrant or dysfunctional cells are actively eliminated from epithelial layers. This cell extrusion process mainly falls into two modes: cell-competition-mediated extrusion and apoptotic extrusion. However, it is not clearly understood whether and how these processes are governed by common molecular mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrate that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels are elevated within a wide range of epithelial layers around extruding transformed or apoptotic cells. The downregulation of ROS suppresses the extrusion process. Furthermore, ATP is extracellularly secreted from extruding cells, which promotes the ROS level and cell extrusion. Moreover, the extracellular ATP and ROS pathways positively regulate the polarized movements of surrounding cells toward extruding cells in both cell-competition-mediated and apoptotic extrusion. Hence, extracellular ATP acts as an "extrude me" signal and plays a prevalent role in cell extrusion, thereby sustaining epithelial homeostasis and preventing pathological conditions or disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mori
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Naoka Shiratsuchi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nanami Sato
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Azusa Chaya
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tanimura
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishikawa
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Mugihiko Kato
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Ikumi Kameda
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kon
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Yukinari Haraoka
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tohru Ishitani
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujita
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan.
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40
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Feunteun J, Ostyn P, Delaloge S. TUMOR CELL MALIGNANCY: A COMPLEX TRAIT BUILT THROUGH RECIPROCAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TUMORS AND TISSUE-BODY SYSTEM. iScience 2022; 25:104217. [PMID: 35494254 PMCID: PMC9044163 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in the late past century, cancer research has been overwhelmingly focused on the genetics and biology of tumor cells and hence has addressed mostly cell-autonomous processes with emphasis on traditional driver/passenger genetic models. Nevertheless, over that same period, multiple seminal observations have accumulated highlighting the role of non-cell autonomous effectors in tumor growth and metastasis. However, given that cell autonomous and non-autonomous events are observed together at the time of diagnosis, it is in fact impossible to know whether the malignant transformation is initiated by cell autonomous oncogenic events or by non-cell autonomous conditions generated by alterations of the tissue-body ecosystem. This review aims at addressing this issue by taking the option of defining malignancy as a complex genetic trait incorporating genetically determined reciprocal interactions between tumor cells and tissue-body ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Feunteun
- INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- UMR 9019, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Corresponding author
| | - Pauline Ostyn
- UMR 9019, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Suzette Delaloge
- Breast Cancer Group, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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Abstract
Many microbial populations proliferate in small channels. In such environments, reproducing cells organize in parallel lanes. Reproducing cells shift these lanes, potentially expelling other cells from the channel. In this paper, we combine theory and experiments to understand how these dynamics affects the diversity of a microbial population. We theoretically predict that genetic diversity is quickly lost along lanes of cells. Our experiments confirm that a population of proliferating Escherichia coli in a microchannel organizes into lanes of genetically identical cells within a few generations. Our findings elucidate the effect of lane formation on populations evolution, with potential applications ranging from microbial ecology in soil to dynamics of epithelial tissues in higher organisms. Spatial constraints, such as rigid barriers, affect the dynamics of cell populations, potentially altering the course of natural evolution. In this paper, we investigate the population genetics of Escherichia coli proliferating in microchannels with open ends. Our analysis is based on a population model, in which reproducing cells shift entire lanes of cells toward the open ends of the channel. The model predicts that diversity is lost very rapidly within lanes but at a much slower pace among lanes. As a consequence, two mixed, neutral E. coli strains competing in a microchannel must organize into an ordered regular stripe pattern in the course of a few generations. These predictions are in quantitative agreement with our experiments. We also demonstrate that random mutations appearing in the middle of the channel are much more likely to reach fixation than those occurring elsewhere. Our results illustrate fundamental mechanisms of microbial evolution in spatially confined space.
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42
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Kiparaki M, Khan C, Folgado-Marco V, Chuen J, Moulos P, Baker NE. The transcription factor Xrp1 orchestrates both reduced translation and cell competition upon defective ribosome assembly or function. eLife 2022; 11:e71705. [PMID: 35179490 PMCID: PMC8933008 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal Protein (Rp) gene haploinsufficiency affects translation rate, can lead to protein aggregation, and causes cell elimination by competition with wild type cells in mosaic tissues. We find that the modest changes in ribosomal subunit levels observed were insufficient for these effects, which all depended on the AT-hook, bZip domain protein Xrp1. Xrp1 reduced global translation through PERK-dependent phosphorylation of eIF2α. eIF2α phosphorylation was itself sufficient to enable cell competition of otherwise wild type cells, but through Xrp1 expression, not as the downstream effector of Xrp1. Unexpectedly, many other defects reducing ribosome biogenesis or function (depletion of TAF1B, eIF2, eIF4G, eIF6, eEF2, eEF1α1, or eIF5A), also increased eIF2α phosphorylation and enabled cell competition. This was also through the Xrp1 expression that was induced in these depletions. In the absence of Xrp1, translation differences between cells were not themselves sufficient to trigger cell competition. Xrp1 is shown here to be a sequence-specific transcription factor that regulates transposable elements as well as single-copy genes. Thus, Xrp1 is the master regulator that triggers multiple consequences of ribosomal stresses and is the key instigator of cell competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianthi Kiparaki
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of MedicineThe BronxUnited States
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming”VariGreece
| | - Chaitali Khan
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of MedicineThe BronxUnited States
| | | | - Jacky Chuen
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of MedicineThe BronxUnited States
| | - Panagiotis Moulos
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming”VariGreece
| | - Nicholas E Baker
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of MedicineThe BronxUnited States
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of MedicineThe BronxUnited States
- Department of Opthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of MedicineThe BronxUnited States
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43
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An exciting period of Drosophila developmental biology: Of imaginal discs, clones, compartments, parasegments and homeotic genes". Dev Biol 2022; 484:12-21. [PMID: 35120908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this review we recall a number of important discoveries that took place in Drosophila during seventies and eighties of the last century. The development of cell lineage methods and of powerful modifications of same, such as the Minute technique, led to the discovery of compartments and provided a clearer picture of the body organization: it came to be seen as a chain of metameric lineage units along the A/P body axis. Further, genetic screens allowed the identification of the genes involved in the establishment of the metameric scaffold - the segmentation genes- and also of Hox genes that are responsible for the specific development of individual body parts. As cloning methods became available, many of the most relevant of these developmental genes were cloned and a molecular analysis of development initiated. The discovery of the homeobox, a molecular mark of the Hox and other relevant developmental genes, allowed the finding of Hox genes in animal species, like humans, in which they could not be identified by genetic methods. Analysis of the structure and function of Hox genes provided a general image of the genetic design of the metazoan body.
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44
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Hou K, Ning Z, Chen H, Wu Y. Nanomaterial Technology and Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 11:828810. [PMID: 35096628 PMCID: PMC8790081 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.828810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a malignant breast cancer subtype that is prone to progression, with high associated metastasis and five-year mortality rates and an overall poor prognosis. Chemotherapy is usually administered to treat TNBC without additional targeted therapies. Novel nanomaterials have a variety of excellent physical and chemical properties and biological functions (including targeting specificity), and contrast agents and drug delivery vectors based on nanotechnology are progressing towards a more accurate and targeted direction. This review discusses the mechanisms of action and prospects for the use of nanotechnology in the treatment of TNBC, thus providing potential new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hou
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeng Ning
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Pothapragada SP, Gupta P, Mukherjee S, Das T. Matrix mechanics regulates epithelial defence against cancer by tuning dynamic localization of filamin. Nat Commun 2022; 13:218. [PMID: 35017535 PMCID: PMC8752856 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27896-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In epithelia, normal cells recognize and extrude out newly emerged transformed cells by competition. This process is the most fundamental epithelial defence against cancer, whose occasional failure promotes oncogenesis. However, little is known about what factors determine the success or failure of this defence. Here we report that mechanical stiffening of extracellular matrix attenuates the epithelial defence against HRasV12-transformed cells. Using photoconversion labelling, protein tracking, and loss-of-function mutations, we attribute this attenuation to stiffening-induced perinuclear sequestration of a cytoskeletal protein, filamin. On soft matrix mimicking healthy epithelium, filamin exists as a dynamically single population, which moves to the normal cell-transformed cell interface to initiate the extrusion of transformed cells. However, on stiff matrix mimicking fibrotic epithelium, filamin redistributes into two dynamically distinct populations, including a new perinuclear pool that cannot move to the cell-cell interface. A matrix stiffness-dependent differential between filamin-Cdc42 and filamin-perinuclear cytoskeleton interaction controls this distinctive filamin localization and hence, determines the success or failure of epithelial defence on soft versus stiff matrix. Together, our study reveals how pathological matrix stiffening leads to a failed epithelial defence at the initial stage of oncogenesis. Epithelial cells have the ability to competitively remove potentially cancerous cells from the tissue. Here the authors discover that pathological stiffening of extracellular matrix leads to the loss of this basic epithelial defence against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa P Pothapragada
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad (TIFR-H), Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Praver Gupta
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad (TIFR-H), Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Soumi Mukherjee
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad (TIFR-H), Hyderabad, 500 046, India.,Department of Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Tamal Das
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad (TIFR-H), Hyderabad, 500 046, India.
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46
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D'Ambrogio J, Hill L, Hogan C. Cell competition: Clonal competition protects against early tumorigenesis. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R52-R54. [PMID: 35015999 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aging tissues accumulate somatic mutations, yet cancer occurrence is relatively rare. A new study provides compelling evidence for why this may be the case and reveals that competition between mutant clones in oesophageal tissues protects against early tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D'Ambrogio
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Liam Hill
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Catherine Hogan
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
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Tong D, Tanaka M, Eguchi H, Okazaki Y, Muramatsu M, Arai T. COL17A1 germline variant p.Ser1029Ala and mucosal malignant melanoma: An autopsy study. Mol Clin Oncol 2022; 16:32. [PMID: 34987801 PMCID: PMC8719258 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen type XVII α1 (COL17A1) encodes a hemidesmosomal protein at the epidermal-dermal junction and its variants are implicated in blistering skin diseases. Recent experiments in rodents revealed that Col17a1 has critical roles in stem cells of epidermal origin and in melanoma carcinogenesis. In the present study, it was investigated whether germline variants in COL17A1 are associated with skin cancer and other cancer types using indexed consecutive autopsy cases from the Japanese Geriatric Single Nucleotide Polymorphism database (n=2,343; mean age, 80 years). The database included 12 patients with skin cancer. A total of 53 COL17A1 missense variants on an exome chip were analyzed. One variant, p.Ser1029Ala (rs118166857), which had a minor allele frequency of 1.0%, exhibited a nominal positive sign of association with skin cancer [Fisher's exact P=0.002, odds ratio (OR)=16.93, 95% CI: 4.44-64.64]. This variant was detected in 2/2 patients with mucosal malignant melanoma (mMM) and 1/3 patients with extramammary Paget's disease, and in none of the patients with non-melanoma cancer, e.g., squamous cell and basal cell carcinoma. Other cancer types were searched in the database and the p.Ser1029Ala variant was indicated to be nominally associated with breast cancer (P=0.006, OR=4.17, 95% CI: 1.72-10.11). In the two mMM cases, targeted exome sequencing of 55 cancer-predisposing genes (including tumor protein 53, BRCA1/2 and mismatch repair genes) detected no apparent pathogenic variants, but revealed variants of unknown significance in axin 2, DNA directed polymerase ζ catalytic subunit and contactin 6. Since COL17A1 provides a niche for melanocyte stem cells, it was hypothesized that the p.Ser1029Ala variant in the COL17A1 ectodomain may affect the microenvironment, e.g., the cell competition. This is a working hypothesis generated from human autopsy cases and warrants further epidemiological and molecular biological validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daike Tong
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masashi Tanaka
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Eguchi
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masaaki Muramatsu
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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48
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Nagpal I, Yuan ZM. The Basally Expressed p53-Mediated Homeostatic Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:775312. [PMID: 34888311 PMCID: PMC8650216 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.775312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from mutations in the p53 gene, p53 functions can be alternatively compromised by a decrease in nuclear p53 protein levels or activities. In accordance, enhanced p53 protein turnover due to elevated expression of the critical p53 E3 ligase MDM2 or MDM2/MDMX is found in many human cancers. Likewise, the HPV viral E6 protein-mediated p53 degradation critically contributes to the tumorigenesis of cervical cancer. In addition, growth-promoting signaling-induced cell proliferation is accompanied by p53 downregulation. Animal studies have also shown that loss of p53 is essential for oncogenes to drive malignant transformation. The close association between p53 downregulation and carcinogenesis implicates a critical role of basally expressed p53. In accordance, available evidence indicates that a reduced level of basal p53 is usually associated with disruption of homeostasis, suggesting a homeostatic function mediated by basal p53. However, basally expressed p53 under non-stress conditions is maintained at a relatively low abundance with little transcriptional activity, raising the question of how basal p53 could protect homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the findings pertinent to basal p53-mediated activities in the hope of developing a model in which basally expressed p53 functions as a barrier to anabolic metabolism to preserve homeostasis. Future investigation is necessary to characterize basal p53 functionally and to obtain an improved understanding of p53 homeostatic function, which would offer novel insight into the role of p53 in tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Nagpal
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zhi-Min Yuan
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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49
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Langton PF, Baumgartner ME, Logeay R, Piddini E. Xrp1 and Irbp18 trigger a feed-forward loop of proteotoxic stress to induce the loser status. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009946. [PMID: 34914692 PMCID: PMC8675655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell competition induces the elimination of less-fit "loser" cells by fitter "winner" cells. In Drosophila, cells heterozygous mutant in ribosome genes, Rp/+, known as Minutes, are outcompeted by wild-type cells. Rp/+ cells display proteotoxic stress and the oxidative stress response, which drive the loser status. Minute cell competition also requires the transcription factors Irbp18 and Xrp1, but how these contribute to the loser status is partially understood. Here we provide evidence that initial proteotoxic stress in RpS3/+ cells is Xrp1-independent. However, Xrp1 is sufficient to induce proteotoxic stress in otherwise wild-type cells and is necessary for the high levels of proteotoxic stress found in RpS3/+ cells. Surprisingly, Xrp1 is also induced downstream of proteotoxic stress, and is required for the competitive elimination of cells suffering from proteotoxic stress or overexpressing Nrf2. Our data suggests that a feed-forward loop between Xrp1, proteotoxic stress, and Nrf2 drives Minute cells to become losers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F. Langton
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michael E. Baumgartner
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Remi Logeay
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Eugenia Piddini
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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50
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Dadgar T, Ebrahimi N, Gholipour AR, Akbari M, Khani L, Ahmadi A, Hamblin MR. Targeting the metabolism of cancer stem cells by energy disruptor molecules. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 169:103545. [PMID: 34838705 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in various tumor types. CSCs are believed to contribute to tumor metastasis and resistance to conventional therapy. So targeting these cells could be an effective strategy to eliminate tumors and a promising new type of cancer treatment. Alterations in metabolism play an essential role in CSC biology and their resistance to treatment. The metabolic properties pathways in CSCs are different from normal cells, and to some extent, are different from regular tumor cells. Interestingly, CSCs can use other nutrients for their metabolism and growth. The different metabolism causes increased sensitivity of CSCs to agents that disrupt cellular homeostasis. Compounds that interfere with the central metabolic pathways are known as energy disruptors and can reduce CSC survival. This review highlights the differences between regular cancer cells and CSC metabolism and discusses the action mechanisms of energy disruptors at the cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahere Dadgar
- Department of Biology, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Nasim Ebrahimi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular & Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Gholipour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbari
- Department of Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Khani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
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