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Quadri M, Palazzo E. The Role of the Neurotrophin Network in Skin Squamous Cell Cancer and the Novel Use of the Zebrafish System. JID INNOVATIONS 2024; 4:100295. [PMID: 39100386 PMCID: PMC11296245 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2024.100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most prevalent form of skin cancer. An increasing number of cSCCs are associated with dysregulation of key molecules that control skin homeostasis. These observations have increased interest in the role of neurotrophins and their receptors in the pathogenesis of cSCC. They have been demonstrated to have a considerable impact on the aggressiveness potential of skin cancer by both in vitro and in vivo models. In this context, mouse models are classically used to dissect proliferation versus differentiation balance, but they have some limitations in terms of time, space, and costs. Recently, zebrafish models have been implemented as a new tool to obtain information regarding the invasive capacity and metastasis of neoplastic cells. By xenotransplantation technique, cSCC cells from a patient's biopsy or cell line can be successfully characterized, with or without the presence of genetic manipulation or treatments. In addition, the evaluation of the immune microenvironment contributes to potentially identifying connections and homologies with humans. In this review, we retrace the role of the neurotrophin network in healthy and pathological skin, particularly in cSCC. We review how zebrafish models can be important tools for studying cSCC development, growth, and potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Quadri
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Palazzo
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Wang B, Hu S, Teng Y, Chen J, Wang H, Xu Y, Wang K, Xu J, Cheng Y, Gao X. Current advance of nanotechnology in diagnosis and treatment for malignant tumors. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:200. [PMID: 39128942 PMCID: PMC11323968 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a significant risk to human health. Nanomedicine is a new multidisciplinary field that is garnering a lot of interest and investigation. Nanomedicine shows great potential for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Specifically engineered nanoparticles can be employed as contrast agents in cancer diagnostics to enable high sensitivity and high-resolution tumor detection by imaging examinations. Novel approaches for tumor labeling and detection are also made possible by the use of nanoprobes and nanobiosensors. The achievement of targeted medication delivery in cancer therapy can be accomplished through the rational design and manufacture of nanodrug carriers. Nanoparticles have the capability to effectively transport medications or gene fragments to tumor tissues via passive or active targeting processes, thus enhancing treatment outcomes while minimizing harm to healthy tissues. Simultaneously, nanoparticles can be employed in the context of radiation sensitization and photothermal therapy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of malignant tumors. This review presents a literature overview and summary of how nanotechnology is used in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. According to oncological diseases originating from different systems of the body and combining the pathophysiological features of cancers at different sites, we review the most recent developments in nanotechnology applications. Finally, we briefly discuss the prospects and challenges of nanotechnology in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-based Pharmacy Center, Children's Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yan Teng
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, P.R. China
| | - Junli Chen
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haoyuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yezhen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongzhong Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Kang Z, Wang P, Wang B, Yan Y, Zhao Z, Li C, Wen L, Wu M, Yan G, Wang X, Zhang G, Zeng Q. Echinatin suppresses cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by targeting GSTM3-mediated ferroptosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 131:155752. [PMID: 38833947 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common skin cancers for which effective drugs are urgently needed. Echinatin, a natural compound extracted from Glycyrrhiza plants, has shown promising antitumour effects. However, the efficacy and the direct target of echinatin in cSCC remain unclear. PURPOSE This study conducted a systematic investigation of the antitumour effects of echinatin on cSCC and the underlying mechanisms involved. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Three cSCC cell lines, a xenograft model, and a UV-induced cSCC mouse model were used to investigate the potential protective effects of echinatin. The interactions between echinatin and glutathione S-transferase mu3 (GSTM3) and between echinatin and peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2) were evaluated by a proteome microarray assay, pull-down LC‒MS/MS analysis, surface plasmon resonance, and molecular docking. The potential mechanisms of GSTM3-mediated echinatin activity were analysed by using western blotting, lentivirus infection and small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection. RESULTS In this study, we found that echinatin inhibited the proliferation and migration of cSCC cells but had no cytotoxic effect on primary human keratinocytes. Furthermore, echinatin significantly inhibited tumour growth in vivo. Mechanistically, our data showed that echinatin could directly bind to GSTM3 and PRDX2. Notably, echinatin inhibited GSTM3 and PRDX2 levels by promoting their proteasomal degradation, which led to the disruption of ROS production. We then revealed that echinatin increased mitochondrial ROS production by inhibiting GSTM3. Moreover, echinatin triggered ferroptosis by inhibiting GSTM3-mediated ferroptosis negative regulation (FNR) proteins. In addition, echinatin regulated GSTM3-mediated ROS/MAPK signalling. CONCLUSION Echinatin has good antitumour effects both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, our findings indicate that GSTM3 and PRDX2 could function as viable targets of echinatin in cSCC. Consequently, echinatin represents a novel treatment for cSCC through the targeting of GSTM3-mediated ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Kang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Peiru Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Avera Medical Group Dermatology, Aberdeen, SD 57401, USA
| | - Yu Yan
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zijun Zhao
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Long Wen
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mingshun Wu
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guorong Yan
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Qingyu Zeng
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Fang Q, Yuan J, Zhang X, Dai L, Luo R, Xu C. Neck management in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with parotid metastasis. Head Neck 2024; 46:1938-1945. [PMID: 38334480 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective is to assess the oncologic outcomes of observation, elective neck dissection (END), and elective neck irradiation (ENI) in the neck management of head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (HNcSCC) with parotid metastasis (P+) and to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of patients who received END or ENI. METHODS Patients with P+ HNcSCC were retrospectively enrolled. The impact of observation, END, and ENI on regional control (RC) and overall survival (OS) was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards model with presentation via hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). QoL was evaluated using the University of Washington Quality of Life questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 134 patients were included in our analysis. In the Cox model for RC, both END and ENI had decreased HRs of 0.27 (95% CI: 0.15-0.69) and 0.34 (95% CI: 0.18-0.86), respectively, in comparison with observation. In the Cox model for OS, both END (p = 0.001, HR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.10-0.72) and ENI (p = 0.006, HR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.17-0.83) were superior to observation. In patients with three or more positive parotid lymph nodes, END resulted in significantly better RC (p < 0.001) and OS (p = 0.001) compared with ENI. The two groups were found to be comparable in all 12 domains of the University of Washington Quality of Life questionnaire. CONCLUSION In the neck management of P+ HNcSCC, observation is not recommended. END is the preferred option, but ENI is an alternative method without compromise to survival or QoL, except in cases with three or more metastatic parotid lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qigen Fang
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junhui Yuan
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liyuan Dai
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruihua Luo
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunmiao Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Nissinen L, Haalisto J, Riihilä P, Piipponen M, Kähäri VM. Clustering of RNA co-expression network identifies novel long non-coding RNA biomarkers in squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16864. [PMID: 39043845 PMCID: PMC11266547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important players in cancer progression. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common metastatic skin cancer with increasing incidence worldwide. The prognosis of the metastatic cSCC is poor, and currently there are no established biomarkers to predict metastasis risk or specific therapeutic targets for advanced or metastatic cSCC. To elucidate the role of lncRNAs in cSCC, RNA sequencing of patient derived cSCC cell lines and normal human epidermal keratinocytes was performed. The correlation analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs and protein-coding genes revealed six distinct gene clusters with one of the upregulated clusters featuring genes associated with cell motility. Upregulation of the expression of lncRNAs linked to cSCC cell motility in cSCC and head and neck SCC (HNSCC) cells was confirmed using qRT-PCR. Elevated expression of HOTTIP and LINC00543 was also noted in SCC tumors in vivo and was associated with poorer prognosis in HNSCC and lung SCC cohorts within TCGA data, respectively. Altogether, these findings uncover a novel set of lncRNAs implicated in cSCC cell locomotion. These lncRNAs may serve as potential novel biomarkers and as putative therapeutic targets for locally advanced and metastatic cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- FICAN West Cancer Centre Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Josefiina Haalisto
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- FICAN West Cancer Centre Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Pilvi Riihilä
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- FICAN West Cancer Centre Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Piipponen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- FICAN West Cancer Centre Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
- FICAN West Cancer Centre Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
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Gong W, Zhou J, Hou Y, Zhang J, He P, Yu Q. The causal relationship between immune cells mediating FIT3L, CCL4, OSM, and skin-derived deteriorated tumors. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13774. [PMID: 38953214 PMCID: PMC11217673 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Observational studies have identified a dual effect of circulating inflammatory proteins and immune cells on cancer progression. However, the specific mechanisms of action have not been clarified in the exacerbation of cutaneous-origin tumors. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether the causal relationship between circulating inflammatory factors and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), cutaneous malignant melanoma (SKCM), and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is regulated by immune cells. METHODS This study employed the Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization (TSMR) approach to investigate the causal relationships between 91 circulating inflammatory factors and three prevalent types of skin cancer from a genetic perspective. Bayesian Weighted Mendelian Randomization (BWMR) was also used to validate correlation and reverse MR to assess inverse relationships. Subsequent sensitivity analyses were conducted to limit the impact of heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Finally, the two-step Mendelian Randomization (two-step MR) method was utilized to ascertain the mediating effects of specific immune cell traits in the causal pathways linking circulating inflammatory factors with BCC, SKCM, and cSCC. RESULTS The Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method and the Bayesian Weighted Algorithm collectively identified nine inflammatory factors causally associated with BCC, SKCM, and cSCC. The results from Cochran's Q test, mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO), and MR-Egger intercept were not statistically significant (p < 0.05). Additionally, the proportions mediated by CD4+ CD8dim T cell %leukocyte, CD4-CD8-Natural Killer T %T cell, and CD20 on IgD-CD38-B cell for FIt3L, CCL4, and OSM were 9.26%, 8.96%, and 10.16%, respectively. CONCLUSION Immune cell levels potentially play a role in the modulation process between circulating inflammatory proteins and cutaneous-origin exacerbated tumors. This finding offers a new perspective for the in-depth exploration of cutaneous malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Gong
- School of ManagementShanxi Medical UniversityJinzhongShanxiChina
- Key Laboratory of Big Data in Clinical Decision ResearchShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - Jiayi Zhou
- Faculty of Arts and Social SciencesUniversity of SydneyBroadwayAustralia
| | - Yaqi Hou
- School of ManagementShanxi Medical UniversityJinzhongShanxiChina
- Key Laboratory of Big Data in Clinical Decision ResearchShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - juan Zhang
- School of ManagementShanxi Medical UniversityJinzhongShanxiChina
- Key Laboratory of Big Data in Clinical Decision ResearchShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - Peifeng He
- Key Laboratory of Big Data in Clinical Decision ResearchShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - Qi Yu
- School of ManagementShanxi Medical UniversityJinzhongShanxiChina
- Key Laboratory of Big Data in Clinical Decision ResearchShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
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7
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Sol S, Boncimino F, Todorova K, Waszyn SE, Mandinova A. Therapeutic Approaches for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Standard of Care and Emerging Modalities. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7056. [PMID: 39000164 PMCID: PMC11241167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer encompasses a range of cutaneous malignancies, with non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) being the most common neoplasm worldwide. Skin exposure is the leading risk factor for initiating NMSC. Ultraviolet (UV) light induces various genomic aberrations in both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing genes in epidermal cells. In conjunction with interactions with a changed stromal microenvironment and local immune suppression, these aberrations contribute to the occurrence and expansion of cancerous lesions. Surgical excision is still the most common treatment for these lesions; however, locally advanced or metastatic disease significantly increases the chances of morbidity or death. In recent years, numerous pharmacological targets were found through extensive research on the pathogenic mechanisms of NMSCs, leading to the development of novel treatments including Hedgehog pathway inhibitors for advanced and metastatic basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for locally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Despite the efficacy of these new drugs, drug resistance and tolerability issues often arise with long-term treatment. Ongoing studies aim to identify alternative strategies with reduced adverse effects and increased tolerability. This review summarizes the current and emerging therapies used to treat NMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sol
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Fabiana Boncimino
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kristina Todorova
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | | | - Anna Mandinova
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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8
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Freyter BM, Abd Al-razaq MA, Hecht M, Rübe C, Rübe CE. Studies on Human Cultured Fibroblasts and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas Suggest That Overexpression of Histone Variant H2A.J Promotes Radioresistance and Oncogenic Transformation. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:851. [PMID: 39062630 PMCID: PMC11275829 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Cellular senescence in response to ionizing radiation (IR) limits the replication of damaged cells by causing permanent cell cycle arrest. However, IR can induce pro-survival signaling pathways that reduce the extent of radiation-induced cytotoxicity and promote the development of radioresistance. The differential incorporation of histone variant H2A.J has profound effects on higher-order chromatin organization and on establishing the epigenetic state of radiation-induced senescence. However, the precise epigenetic mechanism and function of H2A.J overexpression in response to IR exposure still needs to be elucidated. Methods: Primary (no target, NT) and genetically modified fibroblasts overexpressing H2A.J (H2A.J-OE) were exposed to 20 Gy and analyzed 2 weeks post-IR for radiation-induced senescence by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence microscopy. Transcriptome signatures were analyzed in (non-)irradiated NT and H2A.J-OE fibroblasts by RNA sequencing. Since H2A.J plays an important role in the epidermal homeostasis of human skin, the oncogenic potential of H2A.J was investigated in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). The tissue microarrays of cSCC were analyzed for H2A.J protein expression pattern by automated image analysis. Results: In response to radiation-induced DNA damage, the overexpression of H2A.J impairs the formation of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF), thereby inhibiting the SAHF-mediated silencing of proliferation-promoting genes. The dysregulated activation of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases disturbs cell cycle arrest in irradiated H2A.J-OE fibroblasts, thereby overcoming radiation-induced senescence. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed significantly increased WNT16 signaling in H2A.J OE fibroblasts after IR exposure, promoting the fundamental mechanisms of tumor development and progression, including the activation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The quantitative analysis of cSCCs revealed that undifferentiated tumors are associated with high nuclear H2A.J expression, related with greater oncogenic potential. Conclusion: H2A.J overexpression induces radioresistance and promotes oncogenic transformation through the activation of WNT16 signaling pathway functions. H2A.J-associated signatures may improve risk stratification by identifying patients with more aggressive cSCC who may require radiotherapy with increased doses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Claudia E. Rübe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany (M.H.)
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9
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Lorenzo-Sanz L, Lopez-Cerda M, da Silva-Diz V, Artés MH, Llop S, Penin RM, Bermejo JO, Gonzalez-Suarez E, Esteller M, Viñals F, Espinosa E, Oliva M, Piulats JM, Martin-Liberal J, Muñoz P. Cancer cell plasticity defines response to immunotherapy in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5352. [PMID: 38914547 PMCID: PMC11196727 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) approaches have changed the therapeutic landscape for many tumor types. However, half of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) patients remain unresponsive or develop resistance. Here, we show that, during cSCC progression in male mice, cancer cells acquire epithelial/mesenchymal plasticity and change their immune checkpoint (IC) ligand profile according to their features, dictating the IC pathways involved in immune evasion. Epithelial cancer cells, through the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, and mesenchymal cancer cells, through the CTLA-4/CD80 and TIGIT/CD155 pathways, differentially block antitumor immune responses and determine the response to ICB therapies. Accordingly, the anti-PD-L1/TIGIT combination is the most effective strategy for blocking the growth of cSCCs that contain both epithelial and mesenchymal cancer cells. The expression of E-cadherin/Vimentin/CD80/CD155 proteins in cSCC, HNSCC and melanoma patient samples predicts response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Collectively, our findings indicate that the selection of ICB therapies should take into account the epithelial/mesenchymal features of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lorenzo-Sanz
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marta Lopez-Cerda
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria da Silva-Diz
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, 08901, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Marta H Artés
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Llop
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Penin
- Pathology Service, Bellvitge University Hospital/IDIBELL, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Oriol Bermejo
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital/IDIBELL, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Gonzalez-Suarez
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Viñals
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)/IDIBELL, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Espinosa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Oliva
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Piulats
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Martin-Liberal
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Purificación Muñoz
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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10
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Binjawhar DN, Katouah HA, Alshaye NA, Alharthi J, Alsharif G, Elsaid FG, Fayad E, Abu Almaaty AH. Synthesis and biological research of new imidazolone-sulphonamide-pyrimidine hybrids as potential EGFR-TK inhibitors and apoptosis-inducing agents. RSC Adv 2024; 14:20120-20129. [PMID: 38915323 PMCID: PMC11194663 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03157a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Development of new effective EGFR-targeted antitumor agents is needed because of their clinical significance. A new series of imidazolone-sulphonamide-pyrimidine hybrids was designed and synthesized as modified analogs of some reported EGFR inhibitors. The cytotoxic activity of all the synthesized hybrids was investigated against the breast MCF-7 cancerous cell line using doxorubicin (Dox) as a positive control. 4-(Furan-2-ylmethylene)imidazolone-sulphonamide-pyrimidine 6b had the best potent activity against MCF-7 cells with IC50 result of 1.05 μM, which was better than Dox (IC50 = 1.91 μM). In addition, mechanistic studies revealed the ability of compounds 5g, 5h and 6b to inhibit EGFR kinase. Cell cycle analysis revealed that compound 6b can halt MCF-7 cells at the G1 phase with a concomitant decrease in cellular percentage at the S and G2/M phases. This compound produced a noticeable rise in the proportion of apoptotic cells with regard to the untreated control. Furthermore, the effects of hybrid 6b on the expression levels of pro-apoptotic Bax and pro-survival Bcl2 were assessed. The results showed that this compound upregulated the level of Bax expression as well as declined the expression value of Bcl-2 with regard to the untreated control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal Nasser Binjawhar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanadi A Katouah
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla A Alshaye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Alharthi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadi Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences P.O.Box 9515 Jeddah 21423 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center 21423 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahmy G Elsaid
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University PO Box 960 Abha Asir 61421 Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Fayad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Abu Almaaty
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University Port Said 42526 Egypt
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11
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Paganelli A, Zaffonato M, Donati B, Torricelli F, Manicardi V, Lai M, Spadafora M, Piana S, Ciarrocchi A, Longo C. Molecular and Histopathological Characterization of Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Case-Control Study. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2233. [PMID: 38927938 PMCID: PMC11202054 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subset of patients affected by cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) can exhibit locally invasive or metastatic tumors. Different staging classification systems are currently in use for cSCC. However, precise patient risk stratification has yet to be reached in clinical practice. The study aims to identify specific histological and molecular parameters characterizing metastatic cSCC. METHODS Patients affected by metastatic and non-metastatic cSCC (controls) were included in the present study and matched for clinical and histological characteristics. Skin samples from primary tumors were revised for several histological parameters and also underwent gene expression profiling with a commercially available panel testing 770 different genes. RESULTS In total, 48 subjects were enrolled in the study (24 cases, 24 controls); 67 genes were found to be differentially expressed between metastatic and non-metastatic cSCC. Most such genes were involved in immune regulation, skin integrity, angiogenesis, cell migration and proliferation. CONCLUSION The combination of histological and molecular profiles of cSCCs allows the identification of features specific to metastatic cSCC, with potential implications for more precise patient risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Paganelli
- Dermatology Unit, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Marco Zaffonato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | - Benedetta Donati
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (B.D.); (F.T.); (V.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Federica Torricelli
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (B.D.); (F.T.); (V.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Veronica Manicardi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (B.D.); (F.T.); (V.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Michela Lai
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (M.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Marco Spadafora
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (M.L.); (M.S.)
- Skin Cancer Center, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale—IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Simonetta Piana
- Pathology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale—IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 40123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Alessia Ciarrocchi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (B.D.); (F.T.); (V.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Caterina Longo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
- Skin Cancer Center, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale—IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
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12
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Wang R, Wang S, Jiang H, Lan Y, Yu S. Prospects for the clinical application of exosomal circular RNA in squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1430684. [PMID: 38933443 PMCID: PMC11200112 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1430684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a prevalent malignancy affecting multiple organs in the human body, including the oral cavity, esophagus, cervix, and skin. Given its significant incidence and mortality rates, researchers are actively seeking effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In recent years, exosomes and their molecular cargo, particularly circular RNA (circRNA), have emerged as promising areas of investigation in SCC research. Exosomes are small vesicles released into the extracellular environment by cells that contain biomolecules that reflect the physiological state of the cell of origin. CircRNAs, known for their unique covalently closed loop structure and stability, have garnered special attention in oncology and are closely associated with tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Interestingly, exosomal circRNAs have been identified as ideal biomarkers for noninvasive cancer diagnosis and prognosis assessment. This article reviews the progress in research on exosomal circRNAs, focusing on their expression patterns, functions, and potential applications as biomarkers in SCC, aiming to provide new insights and strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingmei Lan
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaobin Yu
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Lu H, Peng Z, Zheng Z, Li C, Wang Y, Liang L, Chen Y, Zeng K. Blocking the ATR-SerRS-VEGFA pathway targets angiogenesis for UV-induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:1160-1173. [PMID: 38695641 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most prevalent form of skin cancer, with an escalating incidence rate and a notable potential (up to 5%) for metastasis. Ultraviolet radiation (UVA and UVB) exposure is the primary risk factor for cSCC carcinogenesis, with literature suggesting ultraviolet radiation (UVR) promotes vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) expression. This study aims to investigate UVR-induced upregulation of VEGFA and explore combination therapeutic strategies. The skin squamous cell carcinoma cell line A431 was exposed to specific durations of ultraviolet radiation. The effect of emodin on ATR/SerRS/VEGFA pathway was observed. The cell masses were also transplanted subcutaneously into mice (n = 8). ATR inhibitor combined with emodin was used to observe the growth and angiogenesis of the xenografts. The results showed that UV treatment significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of SerRS and the expression level of VEGFA in A431 cells (p < 0.05). Treatment with emodin significantly inhibited this expression (p < 0.05), and the combination of emodin and ATR inhibitor further enhanced the inhibitory effect (p < 0.05). This phenomenon was further confirmed in the xenograft model, which showed that the combination of ATR inhibitor and emodin significantly inhibited the expression of VEGFA to inhibit angiogenesis (p < 0.05), thus showing an inhibitory effect on cSCC. This study innovatively reveals the molecular mechanism of UV-induced angiogenesis in cSCC and confirms SerRS as a novel target to inhibit cSCC angiogenesis and progression in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Lu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangsong Peng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaohui Zheng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changxing Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youyi Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuping Liang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Long GR, Kurdian AI, Atwood SX. Applying Multiomics to Basosquamous Carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1181-1183. [PMID: 38385917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R Long
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Arinnae I Kurdian
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Scott X Atwood
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
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15
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Yu S, Li Y, Feng W, Zeng J, Cui X, Zhou S, Zhang P. GBP1 promotes cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma proliferation and invasion through activation of STAT3 by SP1. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15112. [PMID: 38840385 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) ranks as the second most prevalent skin tumour (excluding melanoma). However, the molecular mechanisms driving cSCC progression remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate GBP1 expression in cSCC and elucidate its potential molecular mechanisms underlying cSCC development. GBP1 expression was assessed across public databases, cell lines and tissue samples. Various assays, including clone formation, CCK8 and EdU were employed to evaluate cell proliferation, while wound healing and transwell assays determined cell migration and invasion. Subcutaneous tumour assays were conducted to assess in vivo tumour proliferation, and molecular mechanisms were explored through western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation. Results identified GBP1 as an oncogene in cSCC, with elevated expression in both tumour tissues and cells, strongly correlating with tumour stage and grade. In vitro and in vivo investigations revealed that increased GBP1 expression significantly enhanced cSCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Mechanistically, GBP1 interaction with SP1 promoted STAT3 activation, contributing to malignant behaviours. In conclusion, the study highlights the crucial role of the GBP1/SP1/STAT3 signalling axis in regulating tumour progression in cSCC. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of cSCC development and offer potential therapeutic targets for interventions against cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Site Yu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Feng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jizhang Zeng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xu Cui
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Situo Zhou
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Pihong Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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16
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Chen S, Yuan M, Chen H, Wu T, Wu T, Zhang D, Miao X, Shi J. MiR-34a-5p suppresses cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma progression by targeting SIRT6. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:299. [PMID: 38819446 PMCID: PMC11143063 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03106-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a malignant tumor originating from epidermal or appendageal keratinocytes, with a rising incidence in recent years. Understanding the molecular mechanism driving its development is crucial. This study aims to investigate whether miR-34a-5p is involved in the pathogenesis of cSCC by targeting Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6).The expression levels of miR-34a-5p and SIRT6 were determined in 15 cSCC tissue specimens, 15 normal tissue specimens and cultured cells via real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between miR-34a-5p and SIRT6 expression levels in cSCC tissues. A431 and SCL-1 cells were transfected with miR-34a-5p mimic, negative control or miR-34a-5p mimic together with recombinant plasmids containing SIRT6 gene. Cell counting kit-8, clone formation assay, wound healing assay, and flow cytometry were employed to assess the effects of these transfections on proliferation, migration, and apoptosis, respectively. The interaction between miR-34a-5p and SIRT6 was characterized using a dual-luciferase reporter assay.MiR-34a-5p expression was down-regulated in cSCC tissues significantly, while the SIRT6 expression was the opposite. A negative correlation was observed between the expression of miR-34a-5p and SIRT6 in cSCC tissues. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-34a-5p led to a significant reduction in the proliferation and migration abilities of A431 and SCL-1 cells, accompanied by an increase in apoptosis levels and a decrease in SIRT6 expression levels. MiR-34a-5p was identified as a direct target of SIRT6. Importantly, overexpression of SIRT6 effectively counteracted the inhibitory effect mediated by miR-34a-5p in cSCC cells.Our findings suggest that miR-34a-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in cSCC cells by targeting SIRT6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Chen
- Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Muxing Yuan
- Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hongxia Chen
- Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | | | - Dongmei Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xu Miao
- Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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17
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Brorsen LF, McKenzie JS, Tullin MF, Bendtsen KMS, Pinto FE, Jensen HE, Haedersdal M, Takats Z, Janfelt C, Lerche CM. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma characterized by MALDI mass spectrometry imaging in combination with machine learning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11091. [PMID: 38750270 PMCID: PMC11096391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an increasingly prevalent global health concern. Current diagnostic and surgical methods are reliable, but they require considerable resources and do not provide metabolomic insight. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) enables detailed, spatially resolved metabolomic analysis of tissue samples. Integrated with machine learning, MALDI-MSI could yield detailed information pertaining to the metabolic alterations characteristic for SCC. These insights have the potential to enhance SCC diagnosis and therapy, improving patient outcomes while tackling the growing disease burden. This study employs MALDI-MSI data, labelled according to histology, to train a supervised machine learning model (logistic regression) for the recognition and delineation of SCC. The model, based on data acquired from discrete tumor sections (n = 25) from a mouse model of SCC, achieved a predictive accuracy of 92.3% during cross-validation on the labelled data. A pathologist unacquainted with the dataset and tasked with evaluating the predictive power of the model in the unlabelled regions, agreed with the model prediction for over 99% of the tissue areas. These findings highlight the potential value of integrating MALDI-MSI with machine learning to characterize and delineate SCC, suggesting a promising direction for the advancement of mass spectrometry techniques in the clinical diagnosis of SCC and related keratinocyte carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauritz F Brorsen
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 9, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - James S McKenzie
- Department of Digestion, Metabolism and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mette F Tullin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katja M S Bendtsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fernanda E Pinto
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 9, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik E Jensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Haedersdal
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 9, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Department of Digestion, Metabolism and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christian Janfelt
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Catharina M Lerche
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 9, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Jiang R, Fritz M, Que SKT. Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Updated Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1800. [PMID: 38791879 PMCID: PMC11119634 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Representing the second most common skin cancer, the incidence and disease burden of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) continues to increase. Surgical excision of the primary site effectively cures the majority of cSCC cases. However, an aggressive subset of cSCC persists with clinicopathological features that are indicative of higher recurrence, metastasis, and mortality risks. Acceleration of these features is driven by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The past several years have seen remarkable progress in shaping the treatment landscape for advanced cSCC. Risk stratification and clinical management is a top priority. This review provides an overview of the current perspectives on cSCC with a focus on staging, treatment, and maintenance strategies, along with future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Mike Fritz
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Syril Keena T. Que
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
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19
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Conley J, Perry JR, Ashford B, Ranson M. Ex vivo therapeutic screening of metastatic cSCC: A review of methodological considerations for clinical implementation. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15089. [PMID: 38659312 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common malignancy worldwide, with most deaths caused by locally advanced and metastatic disease. Treatment of resectable metastases is typically limited to invasive surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy; however, many patients fail to respond and there is minimal data to predict response or propose effective alternatives. Precision medicine could improve this, though genomic biomarkers remain elusive in the high mutational background and genomic complexity of cSCC. A phenotypic approach to precision medicine using patient-derived ex vivo tumour models is gaining favour for its capacity to directly assess biological responses to therapeutics as a functional, predictive biomarker. However, the use of ex vivo models for guiding therapeutic selection has yet to be employed for metastatic cSCC. This review will therefore evaluate the existing experimental models of metastatic cSCC and discuss how ex vivo methods could overcome the shortcomings of these existing models. Disease-specific considerations for a prospective methodological pipeline will also be discussed in the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Conley
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jay R Perry
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bruce Ashford
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marie Ranson
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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20
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Zhu L, Wang J. Quantifying Landscape-Flux via Single-Cell Transcriptomics Uncovers the Underlying Mechanism of Cell Cycle. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308879. [PMID: 38353329 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Recent developments in single-cell sequencing technology enable the acquisition of entire transcriptome data. Understanding the underlying mechanism and identifying the driving force of transcriptional regulation governing cell function directly from these data remains challenging. This study reconstructs a continuous vector field of the cell cycle based on discrete single-cell RNA velocity to quantify the single-cell global nonequilibrium dynamic landscape-flux. It reveals that large fluctuations disrupt the global landscape and genetic perturbations alter landscape-flux, thus identifying key genes in maintaining cell cycle dynamics and predicting associated functional effects. Additionally, it quantifies the fundamental energy cost of the cell cycle initiation and unveils that sustaining the cell cycle requires curl flux and dissipation to maintain the oscillatory phase coherence. This study enables the inference of the cell cycle gene regulatory networks directly from the single-cell transcriptomic data, including the feedback mechanisms and interaction intensity. This provides a golden opportunity to experimentally verify the landscape-flux theory and also obtain its associated quantifications. It also offers a unique framework for combining the landscape-flux theory and single-cell high-through sequencing experiments for understanding the underlying mechanisms of the cell cycle and can be extended to other nonequilibrium biological processes, such as differentiation development and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Zhu
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Center for Theoretical Interdisciplinary Sciences, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
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Shanderson RL, Ferguson ID, Siprashvili Z, Ducoli L, Li AM, Miao W, Srinivasan S, Velasco MG, Li Y, Ye J, Khavari PA. Mitochondrial Raf1 Regulates Glutamine Catabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.581297. [PMID: 38496616 PMCID: PMC10942467 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.581297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Raf kinases play vital roles in normal mitogenic signaling and cancer, however, the identities of functionally important Raf-proximal proteins throughout the cell are not fully known. Raf1 proximity proteomics/BioID in Raf1-dependent cancer cells unexpectedly identified Raf1-adjacent proteins known to reside in the mitochondrial matrix. Inner-mitochondrial localization of Raf1 was confirmed by mitochondrial purification and super-resolution microscopy. Inside mitochondria, Raf1 associated with glutaminase (GLS) in diverse human cancers and enabled glutaminolysis, an important source of biosynthetic precursors in cancer. These impacts required Raf1 kinase activity and were independent of canonical MAP kinase pathway signaling. Kinase-dead mitochondrial matrix-localized Raf1 impaired glutaminolysis and tumorigenesis in vivo. These data indicate that Raf1 localizes inside mitochondria where it interacts with GLS to engage glutamine catabolism and support tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald L. Shanderson
- Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ian D. Ferguson
- Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zurab Siprashvili
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Luca Ducoli
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Albert M. Li
- Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Weili Miao
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Suhas Srinivasan
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Yang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jiangbin Ye
- Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Paul A. Khavari
- Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
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22
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Spugnini EP, Condello M, Crispi S, Baldi A. Electroporation in Translational Medicine: From Veterinary Experience to Human Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1067. [PMID: 38473422 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16051067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Electroporation (EP) is a broadly accepted procedure that, through the application of electric pulses with appropriate amplitudes and waveforms, promotes the delivery of anticancer molecules in various oncology therapies. EP considerably boosts the absorptivity of targeted cells to anticancer molecules of different natures, thus upgrading their effectiveness. Its use in veterinary oncology has been widely explored, and some applications, such as electrochemotherapy (ECT), are currently approved as first-line treatments for several neoplastic conditions. Other applications include irreversible electroporation and EP-based cancer vaccines. In human oncology, EP is still mostly restricted to therapies for cutaneous tumors and the palliation of cutaneous and visceral metastases of malignant tumors. Fields where veterinary experience could help smooth the clinical transition to humans include intraoperative EP, interventional medicine and cancer vaccines. This article recapitulates the state of the art of EP in veterinary and human oncology, recounting the most relevant results to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefania Crispi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources-UOS Naples CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Baldi
- Biopulse Srl, 00144 Rome, Italy
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Campania University "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
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23
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M S, Johnson T, R M, S S, M S J. Hypertrophic Lichen Planus: A Precursor Lesion for Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cureus 2024; 16:e55450. [PMID: 38571860 PMCID: PMC10987401 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common malignant tumor of the skin. This case report aims to report a case of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in an elderly male presenting with a non-healing ulceroproliferative growth on the shin of the right lower limb and a hypopigmented patch on the shin of the left lower limb. The significant feature of this case is that in the shin of the left lower limb, SCC appears in the background of chronic hypertrophic lichen planus (HLP) but in the right lower limb, there is no evidence of a background hypertrophic lichen planus. There are only a few similar cases reported so far in the literature showing long-standing hypertrophic lichen planus as a risk factor for the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. This case illustrates that chronic hypertrophic lichen planus should be considered as a potential precursor lesion for SCC. Regular screening is essential for early detection, enabling timely intervention for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmiya M
- Pathology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Thanka Johnson
- Pathology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Manimaran R
- Plastic Surgery, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Srismitha S
- Pathology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Janhavi M S
- Pathology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
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24
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Feng H, Hu X, Yan R, Jia X, Feng H, Zhang N, Chen X. MicroRNA-124 plays an inhibitory role in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells via targeting SNAI2, an immunotherapy determinant. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24671. [PMID: 38317973 PMCID: PMC10839798 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) play multiple roles during cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) progression. Previous studies suggest miR-124 could inhibit cancer development in CSCC. METHODS Obtained 63 pairs of CSCC and adjacent tissues for analysis. Cultured HaCaT and two CSCC cell lines (A431 and SCL-1) in DMEM (10 % FBS). Transfected cells using Lipofectamine 2000 with various miR-124 mimics, inhibitors, or Snail family transcriptional repressor 2 (SNAI2) expression plasmid. Performed a series of assays, including real-time quantitative PCR, Western blot, CCK8, wound healing, transwell, and luciferase reporter gene assay, to examine the effects of miR-124 on CSCC cells. RESULTS An evident downregulation of miR-124 in CSCC tissues, which was related to advanced disease stage and nodal metastasis. Overexpressing miR-124 could reduce the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of CSCC cells. It was verified that miR-124 targets the SNAI2 in CSCC cells. Moreover, ectopic expression of SNAI2 rescued the suppressive effects on CSCC cells induced by miR-124 overexpression. Furthermore, miR-124 increased cell sensitivity to cisplatin. Besides, SNAI2 is a critical factor in the immune-related aspects of CSCC and its modulation may influence the response to immunotherapy. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that miR-124 inhibits CSCC progression through downregulating SNAI2, and thus it may be a molecular candidate for treating CSCC in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan Province, 410000, China
| | - Xing Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan Province, 410000, China
| | - Renli Yan
- Surgery Center of Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaomin Jia
- Department of Pathology, Lhasa People's Hospital, Lhasa, 850, Tibet, 850000, China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan Province, 415000, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan Province, 415000, China
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25
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Zhu J, Peng L, Jehan S, Wang H, Chen X, Zhao S, Zhou W. Activable Photodynamic DNA Probe with an "AND" Logic Gate for Precision Skin Cancer Therapy. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0295. [PMID: 38269029 PMCID: PMC10807844 DOI: 10.34133/research.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising approach for squamous cell carcinoma treatment but hindered by tumor hypoxia, acquired resistance, phototoxicity, and so on. To address these issues, we developed a smart strategy utilizing activable photosensitizers delivered by an aptamer-functionalized DNA probe (ADP). The ADP incorporated an AS1411 aptamer for tumor targeting and a linear antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) for recognition of Survivin mRNA. In the absence of the target, PDT remained quenched, thereby avoiding phototoxicity during circulation and nonselective distribution. With the aid of the aptamer, ADP achieved selective targeting of tumors. Upon internalization, ADP targeted recognized Survivin mRNA, triggering PDT activation, and releasing ASO to down-regulate Survivin expression and reverse tumor resistance. Consequently, the activable photosensitizers exhibited an "AND" logic gate, combining tumor-targeting delivery and tumor-related gene activation, thus enhancing its specificity. Additionally, the incorporation of hemin into the ADP provided catalase activity, converting tumor-abundant H2O2 into O2, thereby ameliorating tumor hypoxia. The resulting functionalized G-quadruplex/hemin-DNA probe complex demonstrated targeted delivery and activation, minimized side effects, and enhanced PDT efficacy in both xenograft tumor-bearing mice and patient-derived xenograft models. This study offers a unique and promising platform for efficient and safe PDT, thus holding great potential for future clinical translation and improved cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Zhu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Lanyuan Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Shah Jehan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenhu Zhou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology of National Health Commission, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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26
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Sathe A, Prajapati BG, Bhattacharya S. Understanding the charismatic potential of nanotechnology to treat skin carcinoma. Med Oncol 2023; 41:22. [PMID: 38112978 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Carcinoma is a condition that continues to pose a significant challenge, despite current medical advances. Skin carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer, and it has seen a massive increase all over the world. The challenges with current treatment are due to toxicity that leads to many more skin complications. Due to this to avoid such complications by designing diverse nanoparticles as delivery carriers, nanomedicine is employed as a hub for diagnostics and therapy. Liposomes, gold nanoparticles, transferases, nanofibers, etc., can all be used as delivery nanocarriers. These nanoparticles' structures and characteristics protect the medicine from degradation and improve its stability. Surface modifying agents and procedures are employed to functionalize nanoparticles, resulting in smart delivery systems. The application of nanotechnology-based approaches systematically increases drug delivery to target cells. Skin cancer has several challenges, including a long time to diagnose early types of cancer and a slower growth rate. This review focuses on innovative skin cancer therapy techniques, focusing on nanotechnology and the challenges associated with current treatment of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamravi Sathe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Bhupendra G Prajapati
- Shree S K Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Mahesana, Gujarat, 384012, India
| | - Sankha Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India.
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27
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Dany M, Doudican N, Carucci J. The Novel Checkpoint Target Lymphocyte-Activation Gene 3 Is Highly Expressed in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Dermatol Surg 2023; 49:1112-1115. [PMID: 37962130 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000004006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphocyte activation-gene 3 (LAG-3) is an emerging next-generation immune checkpoint molecule. We aim to define the expression pattern of LAG-3 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) as a first step to understand the role of LAG-3 in cSCC prognosis and therapy. OBJECTIVE To define the expression pattern of LAG-3 in cSCC as a first step to understand the role of LAG-3 in cSCC prognosis and therapy. METHODS To test whether LAG-3 is expressed on cSCC infiltrating lymphocytes, we isolated CD8 + T lymphocytes from three SCC tumors using flow cytometry and performed single-cell RNA sequencing for LAG-3 and programmed cell death protein -1 (PD-1). In addition, we evaluated LAG-3 mRNA expression in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue using NanoString technology. RESULTS Single-cell RNA sequencing showed that LAG-3 is expressed more than PD-1 in CD8 + tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (50.8% vs 35.2%, respectively). Quantifying LAG-3 mRNA expression showed that compared with normal skin, LAG-3 mRNA is approximately 8 fold higher in immunocompetent associated SCC tumors and approximately 2 fold higher in transplant associated SCC tumors ( p -values <.05). In addition, LAG-3 mRNA was expressed 7.2 fold higher in T2a SCC tumors compared with normal skin ( p -value <.05). CONCLUSION Lymphocyte activation-gene 3 is expressed on SCC infiltrating T lymphocytes at a higher percentage than PD-1. In addition, LAG-3 mRNA expression is significantly higher in SCC tumors. Ongoing studies will be performed to define its role as an immune-related biomarker and as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Dany
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Dermatology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Nicole Doudican
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - John Carucci
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
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