1
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Zuo Y, Chen Z, Li Z, Fu E, Xin Y, Chen C, Li C, Zhang S. Unraveling the Dynamic Molecular Motions of a Twin-Cavity Cage with Slow Configurational but Rapid Conformational Interconversions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405858. [PMID: 38604976 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Featuring diverse structural motions/changes, dynamic molecular systems hold promise for executing complex tasks. However, their structural complexity presents formidable challenge in elucidating their kinetics, especially when multiple structural motions are intercorrelated. We herein introduce a twin-cavity cage that features interconvertible C3- and C1-configurations, with each configuration exhibiting interchangeable P- and M-conformations. This molecule is therefore composed of four interconnected chiral species (P)-C3, (M)-C3, (P)-C1, (M)-C1. We showcase an effective approach to decouple these sophisticated structural changes into two kinetically distinct pathways. Utilizing time-dependent 1H NMR spectroscopy at various temperatures, which disregards the transition between mirror-image conformations, we first determine the rate constant (kc) for the C3- to C1-configuration interconversion, while time-dependent circular dichroism spectroscopy at different temperatures quantifies the observed rate constant (kobs) of the ensemble of all the structural changes. As kobs ≫ ${{\rm { \gg }}}$ kc, it allows us to decouple the overall molecular motions into a slow configurational transformation and rapid conformational interconversions, with the latter further dissected into two independent conformational interchanges, namely (P)-C3← → ${ \mathbin{{\stackrel{\textstyle\rightarrow} { {\smash{\leftarrow}\vphantom{_{\vbox to.5ex{\vss}}}} } }} }$ (M)-C3 and (P)-C1← → ${ \mathbin{{\stackrel{\textstyle\rightarrow} { {\smash{\leftarrow}\vphantom{_{\vbox to.5ex{\vss}}}} } }} }$ (M)-C1. This work, therefore, sheds light on the comprehensive kinetic study of complex molecular dynamics, offering valuable insights for the rational design of smart dynamic materials for applications of sensing, separation, catalysis, molecular machinery, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziying Li
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Enguang Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghang Xin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenhao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenfei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaodong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
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2
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Luo R, Luo X, Xu H, Wan S, Lv H, Zou B, Wang Y, Liu T, Wu C, Chen Q, Yu S, Dong P, Tian Y, Xi K, Yuan S, Wu X, Ju H, Lei J. Reticular Ratchets for Directing Electrochemiluminescence. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38837248 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) involves charge transfer between electrochemical redox intermediates to produce an excited state for light emission. Ensuring precise control of charge transfer is essential for decoding ECL fundamentals, yet guidelines on how to achieve this for conventional emitters remain unexplored. Molecular ratchets offer a potential solution, as they enable the directional transfer of energy or chemicals while impeding the reverse movement. Herein, we designed 10 pairs of imine-based covalent organic frameworks as reticular ratchets to delicately manipulate the intrareticular charge transfer for directing ECL transduction from electric and chemical energies. Aligning the donor and acceptor (D-A) directions with the imine dipole effectively facilitates charge migration, whereas reversing the D-A direction impedes it. Notably, the ratchet effect of charge transfer directionality intensified with increasing D-A contrast, resulting in a remarkable 680-fold improvement in the ECL efficiency. Furthermore, dipole-controlled exciton binding energy, electron/hole decay kinetics, and femtosecond transient absorption spectra identified the electron transfer tendency from the N-end toward the C-end of reticular ratchets during ECL transduction. An exponential correlation between the ECL efficiency and the dipole difference was discovered. Our work provides a general approach to manipulate charge transfer and design next-generation electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, and iChem, Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Haocheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sushu Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haifeng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, and iChem, Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Beier Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tianrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qizhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Siqi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pengfei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuxi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kai Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, and iChem, Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianping Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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3
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Sheng J, Perego J, Bracco S, Cieciórski P, Danowski W, Comotti A, Feringa BL. Orthogonal Photoswitching in a Porous Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404878. [PMID: 38530132 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The development of photoresponsive systems with non-invasive orthogonal control by distinct wavelengths of light is still in its infancy. In particular, the design of photochemically triggered-orthogonal systems integrated into solid materials that enable multiple dynamic control over their properties remains a longstanding challenge. Here, we report the orthogonal and reversible control of two types of photoswitches in an integrated solid porous framework, that is, visible-light responsive o-fluoroazobenzene and nitro-spiropyran motifs. The properties of the constructed material can be selectively controlled by different wavelengths of light thus generating four distinct states providing a basis for dynamic multifunctional materials. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy demonstrated the selective transformation of the azobenzene switch in the bulk, which in turn modulates N2 and CO2 adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Sheng
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
- Present address: Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jacopo Perego
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Piotr Cieciórski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Danowski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
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4
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Borsley S, Leigh DA, Roberts BMW. Molecular Ratchets and Kinetic Asymmetry: Giving Chemistry Direction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400495. [PMID: 38568047 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades ratchet mechanisms have transformed the understanding and design of stochastic molecular systems-biological, chemical and physical-in a move away from the mechanical macroscopic analogies that dominated thinking regarding molecular dynamics in the 1990s and early 2000s (e.g. pistons, springs, etc), to the more scale-relevant concepts that underpin out-of-equilibrium research in the molecular sciences today. Ratcheting has established molecular nanotechnology as a research frontier for energy transduction and metabolism, and has enabled the reverse engineering of biomolecular machinery, delivering insights into how molecules 'walk' and track-based synthesisers operate, how the acceleration of chemical reactions enables energy to be transduced by catalysts (both motor proteins and synthetic catalysts), and how dynamic systems can be driven away from equilibrium through catalysis. The recognition of molecular ratchet mechanisms in biology, and their invention in synthetic systems, is proving significant in areas as diverse as supramolecular chemistry, systems chemistry, dynamic covalent chemistry, DNA nanotechnology, polymer and materials science, molecular biology, heterogeneous catalysis, endergonic synthesis, the origin of life, and many other branches of chemical science. Put simply, ratchet mechanisms give chemistry direction. Kinetic asymmetry, the key feature of ratcheting, is the dynamic counterpart of structural asymmetry (i.e. chirality). Given the ubiquity of ratchet mechanisms in endergonic chemical processes in biology, and their significance for behaviour and function from systems to synthesis, it is surely just as fundamentally important. This Review charts the recognition, invention and development of molecular ratchets, focussing particularly on the role for which they were originally envisaged in chemistry, as design elements for molecular machinery. Different kinetically asymmetric systems are compared, and the consequences of their dynamic behaviour discussed. These archetypal examples demonstrate how chemical systems can be driven inexorably away from equilibrium, rather than relax towards it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Borsley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin M W Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
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5
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Zitzmann M, Fröhling M, Dube H. Gain of Function Recyclable Photoswitches: Reversible Simultaneous Substitution and Photochromism Generation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318767. [PMID: 38315498 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The use of molecular photoswitches has spread to virtually every field of pure and applied chemistry because of the extraordinary level of control they provide over the behavior of matter at the smallest scales. Photoswitches possess at least two different states with distinct structures and/or electronics and further functionalization of their core chromophore structures is needed to tailor them for a specific application. In this work we present a different concept for the generation and use of molecular photoswitches. It allows not only simultaneous establishment of photochromism and functionalization, but also full recyclability of a non-photochromic precursor material. Using a high-yielding and reversible ammonium salt formation, a functional group is introduced into a symmetric precursor while at the same time a strong electronic push-pull character is established in the structure. The resulting desymmetrization leads to efficient photoswitching capacity and the functional group can be fully removed subsequently by a simple heating step recovering the precursor for another functionalization round. We finally demonstrate feasibility of this concept over two consecutive closed loop functionalization/photoswitching/recovery steps. This concept offers great potential in any chemical research and application driven area but especially for the creation of responsive reprogrammable materials, no-background photoswitch labeling, and sustainable chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Zitzmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Fröhling
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Henry Dube
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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6
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von Münchow T, Liu YR, Parmar R, Peters SE, Trienes S, Ackermann L. Cobaltaelectro-Catalyzed C-H Activation for Central and Axial Double Enantio-Induction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202405423. [PMID: 38758011 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, enantioselective electrocatalysis has surfaced as an increasingly-effective platform for sustainable molecular synthesis. Despite indisputable progress, strategies that allow the control of two distinct stereogenic elements with high selectivity remain elusive. In contrast, we, herein, describe electrochemical cobalt-catalyzed C-H activations that enable the installation of chiral stereogenic centers along with a chiral axis with high levels of enantio- and diastereoselectivities. The developed electrocatalysis strategy allowed for C-H/N-H activations/annulations with cyclic and non-cyclic alkenes providing expedient access to various central as well as atropo-chiral dihydroisoquinolinones paired to the valuable hydrogen evolution reaction. Studies on the atropo-stability of the obtained compounds demonstrated that the exceedingly mild conditions ensured by the electrocatalytic process were key for the achieved high stereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan von Münchow
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Wöhler-Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yi-Ru Liu
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Wöhler-Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rahul Parmar
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Wöhler-Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven Erik Peters
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Wöhler-Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven Trienes
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Wöhler-Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Wöhler-Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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7
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Gisbert Y, Fellert M, Stindt CN, Gerstner A, Feringa BL. Molecular Motors' Magic Methyl and Its Pivotal Influence on Rotation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12609-12619. [PMID: 38656891 PMCID: PMC11082891 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Molecular motors have found a wide range of applications, powering a transition from molecules to dynamic molecular systems for which their motion must be precisely tuned. To achieve this adjustment, strategies involving laborious changes in their design are often used. Herein, we show that control over a single methyl group allows a drastic change in rotational properties. In this regard, we present the straightforward asymmetric synthesis of β-methylated first-generation overcrowded-alkene-based molecular motors. Both enantiomers of the new motors were prepared in good yields and high enantiopurities, and these motors were thoroughly studied by variable-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance (VT-NMR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, showing a crucial influence of the methylation pattern on the rotational behavior of the motors. Starting from a common chiral precursor, we demonstrate that subsequent methylation can drastically reduce the speed of the motor and reverse the direction of the rotation. We show for the first time that complete unidirectionality can be achieved even when the energy difference between the stable and metastable states is small, resulting in the coexistence of both states under ambient conditions without hampering the energy ratcheting process. This discovery opens the way for the design of more advanced first-generation motors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charlotte N. Stindt
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The
Netherlands
| | - Alexander Gerstner
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The
Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The
Netherlands
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8
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Chen S, Katsonis N, Leigh DA, Patanapongpibul M, Ryabchun A, Zhang L. Changing Liquid Crystal Helical Pitch with a Reversible Rotaxane Switch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401291. [PMID: 38445723 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The transmission of chiral information between the molecular, meso and microscopic scales is a facet of biology that remains challenging to understand mechanistically and to mimic with artificial systems. Here we demonstrate that the dynamic change in the expression of the chirality of a rotaxane can be transduced into a change in pitch of a soft matter system. Shuttling the position of the macrocycle from far-away-from to close-to a point-chiral center on the rotaxane axle changes the expression of the chiral information that is transmitted across length scales; from nanometer scale constitutional chirality that affects the conformation of the macrocycle, to the centimeter scale chirality of the liquid crystal phase, significantly changing the pitch length of the chiral nematic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Nathalie Katsonis
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David A Leigh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Manee Patanapongpibul
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Ryabchun
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
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9
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Wang B, Lu Y. Collective Molecular Machines: Multidimensionality and Reconfigurability. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:155. [PMID: 38499833 PMCID: PMC10948734 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Molecular machines are key to cellular activity where they are involved in converting chemical and light energy into efficient mechanical work. During the last 60 years, designing molecular structures capable of generating unidirectional mechanical motion at the nanoscale has been the topic of intense research. Effective progress has been made, attributed to advances in various fields such as supramolecular chemistry, biology and nanotechnology, and informatics. However, individual molecular machines are only capable of producing nanometer work and generally have only a single functionality. In order to address these problems, collective behaviors realized by integrating several or more of these individual mechanical units in space and time have become a new paradigm. In this review, we comprehensively discuss recent developments in the collective behaviors of molecular machines. In particular, collective behavior is divided into two paradigms. One is the appropriate integration of molecular machines to efficiently amplify molecular motions and deformations to construct novel functional materials. The other is the construction of swarming modes at the supramolecular level to perform nanoscale or microscale operations. We discuss design strategies for both modes and focus on the modulation of features and properties. Subsequently, in order to address existing challenges, the idea of transferring experience gained in the field of micro/nano robotics is presented, offering prospects for future developments in the collective behavior of molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Perego J, Daolio A, Bezuidenhout CX, Piva S, Prando G, Costarella B, Carretta P, Marchiò L, Kubicki D, Sozzani P, Bracco S, Comotti A. Solid State Machinery of Multiple Dynamic Elements in a Metal-Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317094. [PMID: 38236628 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Engineering coordinated rotational motion in porous architectures enables the fabrication of molecular machines in solids. A flexible two-fold interpenetrated pillared Metal-Organic Framework precisely organizes fast mobile elements such as bicyclopentane (BCP) (107 Hz regime at 85 K), two distinct pyridyl rotors and E-azo group involved in pedal-like motion. Reciprocal sliding of the two sub-networks, switched by chemical stimuli, modulated the sizes of the channels and finally the overall dynamical machinery. Actually, iodine-vapor adsorption drives a dramatic structural rearrangement, displacing the two distinct subnets in a concerted piston-like motion. Unconventionally, BCP mobility increases, exploring ultra-fast dynamics (107 Hz) at temperatures as low as 44 K, while the pyridyl rotors diverge into a faster and slower dynamical regime by symmetry lowering. Indeed, one pillar ring gained greater rotary freedom as carried by the azo-group in a crank-like motion. A peculiar behavior was stimulated by pressurized CO2, which regulates BCP dynamics upon incremental site occupation. The rotary dynamics is intrinsically coupled to the framework flexibility as demonstrated by complementary experimental evidence (multinuclear solid-state NMR down to very low temperatures, synchrotron radiation XRD, gas sorption) and computational modelling, which helps elucidate the highly sophisticated rotor-structure interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Perego
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Daolio
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Piva
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Prando
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Benjamin Costarella
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- École normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pietro Carretta
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luciano Marchiò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Dominik Kubicki
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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11
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Astumian RD. Kinetic Asymmetry and Directionality of Nonequilibrium Molecular Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202306569. [PMID: 38236163 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Scientists have long been fascinated by the biomolecular machines in living systems that process energy and information to sustain life. The first synthetic molecular rotor capable of performing repeated 360° rotations due to a combination of photo- and thermally activated processes was reported in 1999. The progress in designing different molecular machines in the intervening years has been remarkable, with several outstanding examples appearing in the last few years. Despite the synthetic accomplishments, there remains confusion regarding the fundamental design principles by which the motions of molecules can be controlled, with significant intellectual tension between mechanical and chemical ways of thinking about and describing molecular machines. A thermodynamically consistent analysis of the kinetics of several molecular rotors and pumps shows that while light driven rotors operate by a power-stroke mechanism, kinetic asymmetry-the relative heights of energy barriers-is the sole determinant of the directionality of catalysis driven machines. Power-strokes-the relative depths of energy wells-play no role whatsoever in determining the sign of the directionality. These results, elaborated using trajectory thermodynamics and the nonequilibrium pump equality, show that kinetic asymmetry governs the response of many non-equilibrium chemical phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Dean Astumian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Maine, 5709 Bennett Hall, Orono, ME-04469, USA
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12
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Tsai CY, Cheng HT, Chiu SH. Improbable Rotaxanes Constructed From Surrogate Malonate Rotaxanes as Encircled Methylene Synthons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308974. [PMID: 37712453 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a new approach for the synthesis of "improbable" rotaxanes by using malonate-centered rotaxanes as interlocked surrogate precursors. Here, the desired dumbbell-shaped structure can be assembled from two different, completely separate, portions, with the only residual structure introduced from the malonate surrogate being a methylene group. We have synthesized improbable [2]- and [3]rotaxanes with all-hydrocarbon dumbbell-shaped components to demonstrate the potential structural flexibility and scope of the guest species that can be interlocked when using this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-You Tsai
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Te Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsien Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Zhao Y, Ye Z, Song D, Wich D, Gao S, Khirallah J, Xu Q. Nanomechanical action opens endo-lysosomal compartments. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6645. [PMID: 37863882 PMCID: PMC10589329 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Endo-lysosomal escape is a highly inefficient process, which is a bottleneck for intracellular delivery of biologics, including proteins and nucleic acids. Herein, we demonstrate the design of a lipid-based nanoscale molecular machine, which achieves efficient cytosolic transport of biologics by destabilizing endo-lysosomal compartments through nanomechanical action upon light irradiation. We fabricate lipid-based nanoscale molecular machines, which are designed to perform mechanical movement by consuming photons, by co-assembling azobenzene lipidoids with helper lipids. We show that lipid-based nanoscale molecular machines adhere onto the endo-lysosomal membrane after entering cells. We demonstrate that continuous rotation-inversion movement of Azo lipidoids triggered by ultraviolet/visible irradiation results in the destabilization of the membranes, thereby transporting cargoes, such as mRNAs and Cre proteins, to the cytoplasm. We find that the efficiency of cytosolic transport is improved about 2.1-fold, compared to conventional intracellular delivery systems. Finally, we show that lipid-based nanoscale molecular machines are competent for cytosolic transport of tumour antigens into dendritic cells, which induce robust antitumour activity in a melanoma mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Zhongfeng Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Donghui Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Douglas Wich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Shuliang Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Jennifer Khirallah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Qiaobing Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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14
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Sheng J, Pooler DRS, Feringa BL. Enlightening dynamic functions in molecular systems by intrinsically chiral light-driven molecular motors. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5875-5891. [PMID: 37581608 PMCID: PMC10464662 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00247k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a fundamental property which plays a major role in chemistry, physics, biological systems and materials science. Chiroptical artificial molecular motors (AMMs) are a class of molecules which can convert light energy input into mechanical work, and they hold great potential in the transformation from simple molecules to dynamic systems and responsive materials. Taking distinct advantages of the intrinsic chirality in these structures and the unique opportunity to modulate the chirality on demand, chiral AMMs have been designed for the development of light-responsive dynamic processes including switchable asymmetric catalysis, chiral self-assembly, stereoselective recognition, transmission of chirality, control of spin selectivity and biosystems as well as integration of unidirectional motion with specific mechanical functions. This review focuses on the recently developed strategies for chirality-led applications by the class of intrinsically chiral AMMs. Finally, some limitations in current design and challenges associated with recent systems are discussed and perspectives towards promising candidates for responsive and smart molecular systems and future applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Sheng
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Daisy R S Pooler
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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15
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Kuntze K, Pooler DRS, Di Donato M, Hilbers MF, van der Meulen P, Buma WJ, Priimagi A, Feringa BL, Crespi S. A visible-light-driven molecular motor based on barbituric acid. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8458-8465. [PMID: 37592992 PMCID: PMC10430646 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03090c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a class of visible-light-driven molecular motors based on barbituric acid. Due to a serendipitous reactivity we observed during their synthesis, these motors possess a tertiary stereogenic centre on the upper half, characterised by a hydroxy group. Using a combination of femto- and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, molecular dynamics simulations and low-temperature 1H NMR experiments we found that these motors operate similarly to push-pull second-generation overcrowded alkene-based molecular motors. Interestingly, the hydroxy group at the stereocentre enables a hydrogen bond with the carbonyl groups of the barbituric acid lower half, which drives a sub-picosecond excited-state isomerisation, as observed spectroscopically. Computational simulations predict an excited state "lasso" mechanism where the intramolecular hydrogen bond pulls the molecule towards the formation of the metastable state, with a high predicted quantum yield of isomerisation (68%) in gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Kuntze
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9746 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University FI-33101 Tampere Finland
| | - Daisy R S Pooler
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9746 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy (LENS) via N. Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- ICCOM-CNR via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI Italy
| | - Michiel F Hilbers
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Pieter van der Meulen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9746 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University Toernooiveld 7c 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Arri Priimagi
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University FI-33101 Tampere Finland
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9746 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9746 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
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16
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Zhang MX, Cheng HT, Chiu SH. Dual-Way-Switchable Ester Rotaxanes Constructed Using the Recognition of Malonate Diesters. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37367218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Malonate diesters can thread into the cavity of a di(ethylene glycol)-containing macrocycle under the templating effect of a Na+ ion; the corresponding rotaxanes can be synthesized with good efficiency by applying several stoppering reactions. A molecular switch, in which the interlocked macrocycle was moved between two rarely used stations (i.e., malonate and TAA) through the addition of acid/base and the presence/absence of Na+ ions, was constructed using this new recognition system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Te Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsien Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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17
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Huang T, Su Z, Hou K, Zeng J, Zhou H, Zhang L, Nunes SP. Advanced stimuli-responsive membranes for smart separation. Chem Soc Rev 2023. [PMID: 37184537 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00911k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Membranes have been extensively studied and applied in various fields owing to their high energy efficiency and small environmental impact. Further conferring membranes with stimuli responsiveness can allow them to dynamically tune their pore structure and/or surface properties for efficient separation performance. This review summarizes and discusses important developments and achievements in stimuli-responsive membranes. The most commonly utilized stimuli, including light, pH, temperature, ions, and electric and magnetic fields, are discussed in detail. Special attention is given to stimuli-responsive control of membrane pore structure (pore size and porosity/connectivity) and surface properties (wettability, surface topology, and surface charge), from the perspective of determining the appropriate membrane properties and microstructures. This review also focuses on strategies to prepare stimuli-responsive membranes, including blending, casting, polymerization, self-assembly, and electrospinning. Smart applications for separations are also reviewed as well as a discussion of remaining challenges and future prospects in this exciting field. This review offers critical insights for the membrane and broader materials science communities regarding the on-demand and dynamic control of membrane structures and properties. We hope that this review will inspire the design of novel stimuli-responsive membranes to promote sustainable development and make progress toward commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiefan Huang
- Functional Membrane Materials Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China.
| | - Zhixin Su
- Functional Membrane Materials Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China.
| | - Kun Hou
- Functional Membrane Materials Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China.
| | - Jianxian Zeng
- Functional Membrane Materials Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China.
| | - Hu Zhou
- Functional Membrane Materials Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment of MOE, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- Academy of Ecological Civilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Suzana P Nunes
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Nanostructured Polymeric Membranes Laboratory, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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18
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Yuan Y, Bang KT, Wang R, Kim Y. Macrocycle-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210952. [PMID: 36608278 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Macrocycles with well-defined cavities and the ability to undergo supramolecular interactions are classical materials that have played an essential role in materials science. However, one of the most substantial barriers limiting the utilization of macrocycles is their aggregation, which blocks the active regions. Among many attempted strategies to prevent such aggregation, installing macrocycles into covalent organic frameworks (COFs), which are porous and stable reticular networks, has emerged as an ideal solution. The resulting macrocycle-based COFs (M-COFs) preserve the macrocycles' unique activities, enabling applications in various fields such as single-atom catalysis, adsorption/separation, optoelectronics, phototherapy, and structural design of forming single-layered or mechanically interlocked COFs. The resulting properties are unmatchable by any combination of macrocycles with other substrates, opening a new chapter in advanced materials. This review focuses on the latest progress in the concepts, synthesis, properties, and applications of M-COFs, and presents an in-depth outlook on the challenges and opportunities in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ki-Taek Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yoonseob Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
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19
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Krause S. Active Separation of Water Isotopologues by Local Molecular Motion in Microporous Framework Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217680. [PMID: 36591731 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Around 10-15 % of the world's energy consumption is accounted for by the separation and purification of chemicals. Among them is the enrichment and separation of isotopologues which are an essential aspect of modern chemistry. In their recent work, Su et al. demonstrate the separation of water isotopologues by responsive dynamic pore windows in a microporous coordination polymer with unprecedented selectivity based on an elegant mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Krause
- Nanochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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20
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Saura‐Sanmartin A, Schalley CA. The Mobility of Homomeric Lasso‐ and Daisy Chain‐Like Rotaxanes in Solution and in the Gas Phase as a means to Study Structure and Switching Behaviour. Isr J Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202300022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura‐Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Química Universidad de Murcia Calle Campus Universitario, 5 30100 Murcia Spain
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 20 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 20 14195 Berlin Germany
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21
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Pan Y, Luan X, Gao Y, Zeng F, Wang X, Zhou D, Li W, Wang Y, He B, Song Y. In-Tumor Biosynthetic Construction of Upconversion Nanomachines for Precise Near-Infrared Phototherapy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4515-4525. [PMID: 36847587 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Targeted construction of therapeutic nanoplatforms in tumor cells with specific activation remains appealing but challenging. Here, we design a cancer-motivated upconversion nanomachine (UCNM) based on porous upconversion nanoparticles (p-UCNPs) for precise phototherapy. The nanosystem is equipped with a telomerase substrate (TS) primer and simultaneously encapsulates 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and d-arginine (d-Arg). After coating with hyaluronic acid (HA), it can readily get into tumor cells, where 5-ALA induces efficient accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) via the inherent biosynthetic pathway, and the overexpressed telomerase prolonged the TS to form G-quadruplexes (G4) for binding the resulting PpIX as a nanomachine. This nanomachine can respond to near-infrared (NIR) light and promote the active singlet oxygen (1O2) production due to the efficiency of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between p-UCNPs and PpIX. Intriguingly, such oxidative stress can oxidize d-Arg into nitric oxide (NO), which relieves the tumor hypoxia and in turn improves the phototherapy effect. This in situ assembly approach significantly enhances targeting in cancer therapy and might be of considerable clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Pan
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Luan
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Zeng
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Xuyuan Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Dongtao Zhou
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Wanqi Li
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 211816 Nanjing, China
| | - Bangshun He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006 Nanjing, China
| | - Yujun Song
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
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22
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Xu F, Feringa BL. Photoresponsive Supramolecular Polymers: From Light-Controlled Small Molecules to Smart Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204413. [PMID: 36239270 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive supramolecular polymers are well-organized assemblies based on highly oriented and reversible noncovalent interactions containing photosensitive molecules as (co-)monomers. They have attracted increasing interest in smart materials and dynamic systems with precisely controllable functions, such as light-driven soft actuators, photoresponsive fluorescent anticounterfeiting and light-triggered electronic devices. The present review discusses light-activated molecules used in photoresponsive supramolecular polymers with their main photo-induced changes, e.g., geometry, dipole moment, and chirality. Based on these distinct changes, supramolecular polymers formed by light-activated molecules exhibit photoresponsive disassembly and reassembly. As a consequence, photo-induced supramolecular polymerization, "depolymerization," and regulation of the lengths and topologies are observed. Moreover, the light-controlled functions of supramolecular polymers, such as actuation, emission, and chirality transfer along length scales, are highlighted. Furthermore, a perspective on challenges and future opportunities is presented. Besides the challenge of moving from harmful UV light to visible/near IR light avoiding fatigue, and enabling biomedical applications, future opportunities include light-controlled supramolecular actuators with helical motion, light-modulated information transmission, optically recyclable materials, and multi-stimuli-responsive supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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23
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Ovalle M, Kathan M, Toyoda R, Stindt CN, Crespi S, Feringa BL. Light-Fueled Transformations of a Dynamic Cage-Based Molecular System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214495. [PMID: 36453623 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In a chemical equilibrium, the formation of high-energy species-in a closed system-is inefficient due to microscopic reversibility. Here, we demonstrate how this restriction can be circumvented by coupling a dynamic equilibrium to a light-induced E/Z isomerization of an azobenzene imine cage. The stable E-cage resists intermolecular imine exchange reactions that would "open" it. Upon switching, the strained Z-cage isomers undergo imine exchange spontaneously, thus opening the cage. Subsequent isomerization of the Z-open compounds yields a high-energy, kinetically trapped E-open species, which cannot be efficiently obtained from the initial E-cage, thus shifting an imine equilibrium energetically uphill in a closed system. Upon heating, the nucleophile is displaced back into solution and an opening/closing cycle is completed by regenerating the stable all-E-cage. Using this principle, a light-induced cage-to-cage transformation is performed by the addition of a ditopic aldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ovalle
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Michael Kathan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands.,Present address: Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ryojun Toyoda
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands.,Present address: Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Charlotte N Stindt
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands.,Present address: Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands
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24
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Kundu S, Valiyev I, Mondal D, Rajasekaran VV, Goswami A, Schmittel M. Proton transfer network with luminescence display controls OFF/ON catalysis that generates a high-speed slider-on-deck. RSC Adv 2023; 13:5168-5171. [PMID: 36777932 PMCID: PMC9909384 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00062a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A three-component network for OFF/ON catalysis was built from a protonated nanoswitch and a luminophore. Its activation by addition of silver(i) triggered the proton-catalyzed formation of a biped and the assembly of a fast slider-on-deck (k 298 = 540 kHz).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohom Kundu
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 D-57068 Siegen Germany +49 2717404356
| | - Isa Valiyev
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 D-57068 Siegen Germany +49 2717404356
| | - Debabrata Mondal
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 D-57068 Siegen Germany +49 2717404356
| | - Vishnu Verman Rajasekaran
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 D-57068 Siegen Germany +49 2717404356
| | - Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 D-57068 Siegen Germany +49 2717404356
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 D-57068 Siegen Germany +49 2717404356
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25
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Perego J, Bezuidenhout CX, Bracco S, Piva S, Prando G, Aloisi C, Carretta P, Kaleta J, Le TP, Sozzani P, Daolio A, Comotti A. Benchmark Dynamics of Dipolar Molecular Rotors in Fluorinated Metal-Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215893. [PMID: 36469012 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), comprising a wheel-shaped ligand with geminal rotating fluorine atoms, produced benchmark mobility of correlated dipolar rotors at 2 K, with practically null activation energy (Ea =17 cal mol-1 ). 1 H T1 NMR revealed multiple relaxation phenomena due to the exchange among correlated dipole-rotor configurations. Synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction at 4 K, Density Functional Theory, Molecular Dynamics and phonon calculations showed the fluid landscape and pointed out a cascade mechanism converting dipole configurations into each other. Gas accessibility, shown by hyperpolarized-Xe NMR, allowed for chemical stimuli intervention: CO2 triggered dipole reorientation, reducing their collective dynamics and stimulating a dipole configuration change in the crystal. Dynamic materials under limited thermal noise and high responsiveness enable the fabrication of molecular machines with low energy dissipation and controllable dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Perego
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Charl X Bezuidenhout
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Piva
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Prando
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristian Aloisi
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Carretta
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jiří Kaleta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thi Phuong Le
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Daolio
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
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26
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Pfeifer L, Stindt CN, Feringa BL. Coupled Rotary and Oscillatory Motion in a Second-Generation Molecular Motor Pd Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:822-829. [PMID: 36603116 PMCID: PMC9853862 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular machines offer many opportunities for the development of responsive materials and introduce autonomous motion in molecular systems. While basic molecular switches and motors carry out one type of motion upon being exposed to an external stimulus, the development of molecular systems capable of performing coupled motions is essential for the development of more advanced molecular machinery. Overcrowded alkene-based rotary molecular motors are an ideal basis for the design of such systems as they undergo a controlled rotation initiated by light allowing for excellent spatio-temporal precision. Here, we present an example of a Pd complex of a second-generation rotary motor whose Pd center undergoes a coupled oscillatory motion relative to the motor core upon rotation of the motor. We have studied this phenomenon by UV-vis, NMR, and density functional theory calculations to support our conclusions. With this demonstration of a coupled rotation-oscillation motion powered by a light-driven molecular motor, we provide a solid basis for the development of more advanced molecular machines integrating different types of motion in their operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Pfeifer
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte N. Stindt
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands,Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands,
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27
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Chen X, Chen H, Fraser Stoddart J. The Story of the Little Blue Box: A Tribute to Siegfried Hünig. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211387. [PMID: 36131604 PMCID: PMC10099103 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The tetracationic cyclophane, cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene), also known as the little blue box, constitutes a modular receptor that has facilitated the discovery of many host-guest complexes and mechanically interlocked molecules during the past 35 years. Its versatility in binding small π-donors in its tetracationic state, as well as forming trisradical tricationic complexes with viologen radical cations in its doubly reduced bisradical dicationic state, renders it valuable for the construction of various stimuli-responsive materials. Since the first reports in 1988, the little blue box has been featured in over 500 publications in the literature. All this research activity would not have been possible without the seminal contributions carried out by Siegfried Hünig, who not only pioneered the syntheses of viologen-containing cyclophanes, but also revealed their rich redox chemistry in addition to their ability to undergo intramolecular π-dimerization. This Review describes how his pioneering research led to the design and synthesis of the little blue box, and how this redox-active host evolved into the key component of molecular shuttles, switches, and machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Yang Chen
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular ScienceDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterHangzhou311215China
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular ScienceDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterHangzhou311215China
- School of ChemistryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
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28
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Liu J, Jing X, Liu M, Li F, Li M, Li Q, Shi J, Li J, Wang L, Mao X, Zuo X, Fan C. Mechano-fluorescence actuation in single synaptic vesicles with a DNA framework nanomachine. Sci Robot 2022; 7:eabq5151. [PMID: 36542686 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abq5151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic machines that can convert mechanical actuation to adaptive coloration in a manner analogous to cephalopods have found widespread applications at various length scales. At the nanoscale, a transmutable nanomachine with adaptive colors that can sense and mediate cellular or intracellular interactions is highly desirable. Here, we report the design of a DNA framework nanomachine (DFN) that can autonomously change shape in response to pH variations in single synaptic vesicles, which, in turn, displays adaptive fluorescent colors with a mechano-fluorescence actuation mechanism. To construct a DFN, we used a tetrahedral DNA nanostructure as the framework to incorporate an embedded pH-responsive, i-motif sequence tagged with a Förster resonance energy transfer pair and an affinity cholesterol moiety targeting vesicular membranes. We found that endocytosed DFNs are individually trapped in single endocytic vesicles in living synaptic cells due to the size-exclusion effect. The adaptive fluorescence coloration of DFNs enabled single-vesicle quantification of resting pH values in a processive manner, allowing long-term tracking of the exocytosis and fusion dynamics in intracellular processes and cell-cell communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xinxin Jing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhang Jiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Fan Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhang Jiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiye Shi
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.,Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.,Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiuhai Mao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiaolei Zuo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhang Jiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhang Jiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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29
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Chan MHY, Yam VWW. Toward the Design and Construction of Supramolecular Functional Molecular Materials Based on Metal–Metal Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22805-22825. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ho-Yeung Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Dong J, Wee V, Zhao D. Stimuli-responsive metal-organic frameworks enabled by intrinsic molecular motion. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:1334-1340. [PMID: 35864154 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01317-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiao Dong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Vanessa Wee
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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31
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Mao X, Liu M, Li Q, Fan C, Zuo X. DNA-Based Molecular Machines. JACS AU 2022; 2:2381-2399. [PMID: 36465542 PMCID: PMC9709946 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Artificial molecular machines have found widespread applications ranging from fundamental studies to biomedicine. More recent advances in exploiting unique physical and chemical properties of DNA have led to the development of DNA-based artificial molecular machines. The unprecedented programmability of DNA provides a powerful means to design complex and sophisticated DNA-based molecular machines that can exert mechanical force or motion to realize complex tasks in a controllable, modular fashion. This Perspective highlights the potential and strategies to construct artificial molecular machines using double-stranded DNA, functional nucleic acids, and DNA frameworks, which enable improved control over reaction pathways and motion behaviors. We also outline the challenges and opportunities of using DNA-based molecular machines for biophysics, biosensing, and biocomputing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhai Mao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaolei Zuo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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32
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Synergistic interplay between photoisomerization and photoluminescence in a light-driven rotary molecular motor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5765. [PMID: 36180434 PMCID: PMC9525625 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoactuators and photoluminescent dyes utilize light to perform mechanical motion and undergo spontaneous radiation emission, respectively. Combining these two functionalities in a single molecule would benefit the construction of advanced molecular machines. Due to the possible detrimental interaction between the two light-dependent functional parts, the design of hybrid systems featuring both functions in parallel remains highly challenging. Here, we develop a light-driven rotary molecular motor with an efficient photoluminescent dye chemically attached to the motor, not compromising its motor function. This molecular system shows efficient rotary motion and bright photoluminescence, and these functions can be addressed by a proper choice of excitation wavelengths and solvents. The moderate interaction between the two parts generates synergistic effects, which are beneficial for lower-energy excitation and chirality transfer from the motor to the photoluminescent dye. Our results provide prospects towards photoactive multifunctional systems capable of carrying out molecular rotary motion and tracking its location in a complex environment. Combining photofunctionalities in a single molecule is challenging due to inherent detrimental interactions. Here, the authors construct a molecular motor that exhibits photoinduced rotary motion together with bright photoluminescence.
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33
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Feng L, Astumian RD, Stoddart JF. Controlling dynamics in extended molecular frameworks. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:705-725. [PMID: 37117491 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Molecular machines are essential dynamic components for fuel production, cargo delivery, information storage and processing in living systems. Scientists have demonstrated that they can design and synthesize artificial molecular machines that operate efficiently in isolation - for example, at high dilution in solution - fuelled by chemicals, electricity or light. To organize the spatial arrangement and motion of these machines within close proximity to one another in solid frameworks, such that useful macroscopic work can be performed, remains a challenge in both chemical and materials science. In this Review, we summarize the progress that has been made during the past decade in organizing dynamic molecular entities in such solid frameworks. Emerging applications of these dynamic smart materials in the contexts of molecular recognition, optoelectronics, drug delivery, photodynamic therapy and water desalination are highlighted. Finally, we review recent work on a new non-equilibrium adsorption phenomenon for which we have coined the term mechanisorption. The ability to use external energy to drive directional processes in mechanized extended frameworks augurs well for the future development of artificial molecular factories.
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34
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Spenke F, Hartke B. Graph-based Automated Macro-Molecule Assembly. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:3714-3723. [PMID: 35938711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a general molecular framework assembly algorithm that takes a largely arbitrary molecular fragment database and a user-supplied target template graph as input. Automatic assembly of molecular fragments from the database, following a prescribed, user-supplied set of connection rules, then turns the template graph into an actual, chemically reasonable molecular framework. Assembly capabilities of our algorithm are tested by producing several abstract, closed-loop shapes. To indicate a few of many possible application areas we demonstrate a host-guest complex and a road toward catalysis. Postassembly substituent exchange can be used to produce electric fields of desired values at desired points inside the framework or at its surface as a stepping stone toward rationally designed, artificial heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Spenke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Olshausenstrasse 40, Kiel 24098, Germany
| | - Bernd Hartke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Olshausenstrasse 40, Kiel 24098, Germany
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35
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Kundu S, Ghosh A, Paul I, Schmittel M. Multicomponent Pseudorotaxane Quadrilateral as Dual-Way Logic AND Gate with Two Catalytic Outputs. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13039-13043. [PMID: 35834720 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A multicomponent pseudorotaxane quadrilateral was reversibly toggled between three distinct switching states. Switching in the forward conversion was achieved by addition of H+ and K+ ions, and switching in the reverse direction was performed by addition of 18-crown-6 and 1-aza-18-crown-6. In both the forward and backward ways, the inputs operated an AND gate with distinct catalytic outputs. While in the forward direction the logic AND operation starting from a heteroleptic five-component assembly turned "ON" an imine hydrolysis as output (AND-1), in the inverse direction a Michael addition was ignited as the output starting from a seven-component aggregate following the AND gate logic (AND-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohom Kundu
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Amit Ghosh
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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36
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Thomas D, Tetlow DJ, Ren Y, Kassem S, Karaca U, Leigh DA. Pumping between phases with a pulsed-fuel molecular ratchet. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:701-707. [PMID: 35379944 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The sorption of species from a solution into and onto solids underpins the sequestering of waste and pollutants, precious metal recovery, heterogeneous catalysis, analysis and separation science, and other technologies1,2. The transfer between phases tends to proceed spontaneously in the direction of equilibrium. For example, alkyl ammonium groups mounted on silica nanoparticles are used to chemisorb cucurbituril macrocycles from solution through host-guest binding3,4. Molecular ratchet mechanisms5-7, in which kinetic gating8-12 inhibits or accelerates particular steps, makes it possible to progressively drive dynamic systems13-16 away from equilibrium17-21. Here we report on molecular pumps22 immobilized on polymer beads23-25 that use an energy ratchet mechanism5,9,19-21,26-30 to directionally transport substrates from solution onto the beads. On the addition of trichloroacetic acid (CCl3CO2H)19,31-33 fuel19,34-37, micrometre-diameter polystyrene beads functionalized38 with solvent-accessible molecular pumps sequester from the solution crown ethers appended with fluorescent tags. After fuel consumption, the rings are mechanically trapped in a higher-energy, out-of-equilibrium state on the beads and cannot be removed by dilution or exhaustive washing. This differs from dissipative assembled materials11,13-16, which require a continuous supply of energy to persist, and from conventional host-guest complexes. The addition of a second fuel pulse causes the uptake of more macrocycles, which drives the system further away from equilibrium. The second macrocycle can be labelled with a different fluorescent tag, which confers sequence information39 on the absorbed structure. The polymer-bound substrates can be released back to the bulk either one compartment at a time or all at once. Non-equilibrium40 sorption by immobilized artificial molecular machines41-45 enables the transduction of energy from chemical fuels for the use, storage and release of energy and information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel J Tetlow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Yansong Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Salma Kassem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ulvi Karaca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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37
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Kolodzeiski E, Amirjalayer S. Dynamic network of intermolecular interactions in metal-organic frameworks functionalized by molecular machines. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn4426. [PMID: 35776789 PMCID: PMC10883363 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn4426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular machines enable external control of structural and dynamic phenomena at the atomic level. To efficiently transfer their tunable properties into designated functionalities, a detailed understanding of the impact of molecular embedding is needed. In particular, a comprehensive insight is fundamental to design hierarchical multifunctional systems that are inspired by biological cells. Here, we applied an on-the-fly trained force field to perform atomistic simulations of a systematically modified rotaxane functionalized metal-organic framework. Our atomistic studies reveal a symmetric and asymmetric interplay of the mechanically bonded rings (MBRs) within the framework depending on the local environment. As a result, their translational motion is modulated ranging from fast oscillatory behavior to cooperative and potentially directed shuttling. The derived picture of competitive interactions, which influence the operation mechanism of the MBRs embedded in these soft porous materials, promotes the development of responsive functional materials, which is a key step toward intelligent matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kolodzeiski
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Saeed Amirjalayer
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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38
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Saura-Sanmartin A, Pastor A, Martinez-Cuezva A, Cutillas-Font G, Alajarin M, Berna J. Mechanically interlocked molecules in metal-organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4949-4976. [PMID: 35612363 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00167e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) have great potential in the development of molecular machinery due to their intercomponent dynamics. The incorporation of these molecules in a condensed phase makes it possible to take advantage of the control of the motion of the components at the macroscopic level. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are postulated as ideal supports for intertwined molecules. This review covers the chemistry of the mechanical bond incorporated into metal-organic frameworks from the seminal studies to the latest published advances. We first describe some fundamental concepts of MIMs and MOFs. Next, we summarize the advances in the incorporation of rotaxanes and catenanes inside MOF matrices. Finally, we conclude by showing the study of the rotaxane dynamics in MOFs and the operation of some stimuli-responsive MIMs within MOFs. In addition to emphasising some selected examples, we offer a critical opinion on the state of the art of this research field, remarking the key points on which the future of these systems should be focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Aurelia Pastor
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Cutillas-Font
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
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39
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Iacomi P, Alabarse F, Appleyard R, Lemaire T, Thessieu C, Wang S, Serre C, Maurin G, Yot PG. Structural Insight of MOFs under Combined Mechanical and Adsorption Stimuli. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201924. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Iacomi
- ICGM Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 34095 Montpellier France
| | | | - Roger Appleyard
- Almax-easyLab bv Wagenmakerijstraat, 5 8600 Diksmuide Belgium
| | - Thomas Lemaire
- Almax-easyLab bv Wagenmakerijstraat, 5 8600 Diksmuide Belgium
| | | | - Sujing Wang
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris Ecole Normale Supérieure ESPCI Paris CNRS PSL University 75005 Paris France
| | - Christian Serre
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris Ecole Normale Supérieure ESPCI Paris CNRS PSL University 75005 Paris France
| | | | - Pascal G. Yot
- ICGM Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 34095 Montpellier France
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40
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Tachihara Y, Nakagawa Y, Miyazaki T, Anraku Y, Cabral H. Mechanically interlocked molecular architectures of valinomycin as cancer targeted prodrugs. NANO SELECT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Tachihara
- Department of Bioengineering School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Bunkyo‐ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan
| | - Takuya Miyazaki
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC) Ebina Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yasutaka Anraku
- Department of Bioengineering School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Bunkyo‐ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Bunkyo‐ku Tokyo Japan
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41
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Geng JS, Mei L, Liang YY, Yuan LY, Yu JP, Hu KQ, Yuan LH, Feng W, Chai ZF, Shi WQ. Controllable photomechanical bending of metal-organic rotaxane crystals facilitated by regioselective confined-space photodimerization. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2030. [PMID: 35440111 PMCID: PMC9019062 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular machines based on mechanically-interlocked molecules (MIMs) such as (pseudo) rotaxanes or catenates are known for their molecular-level dynamics, but promoting macro-mechanical response of these molecular machines or related materials is still challenging. Herein, by employing macrocyclic cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8])-based pseudorotaxane with a pair of styrene-derived photoactive guest molecules as linking structs of uranyl node, we describe a metal-organic rotaxane compound, U-CB[8]-MPyVB, that is capable of delivering controllable macroscopic mechanical responses. Under light irradiation, the ladder-shape structural unit of metal-organic rotaxane chain in U-CB[8]-MPyVB undergoes a regioselective solid-state [2 + 2] photodimerization, and facilitates a photo-triggered single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transformation, which even induces macroscopic photomechanical bending of individual rod-like bulk crystals. The fabrication of rotaxane-based crystalline materials with both photoresponsive microscopic and macroscopic dynamic behaviors in solid state can be promising photoactuator devices, and will have implications in emerging fields such as optomechanical microdevices and smart microrobotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Shan Geng
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Lei Mei
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Yong Yuan
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Pan Yu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Kong-Qiu Hu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Hua Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Zhi-Fang Chai
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Qun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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42
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Xu F, Crespi S, Pacella G, Fu Y, Stuart MCA, Zhang Q, Portale G, Feringa BL. Dynamic Control of a Multistate Chiral Supramolecular Polymer in Water. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6019-6027. [PMID: 35341243 PMCID: PMC8991000 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural systems transfer chiral information across multiple length scales through dynamic supramolecular interaction to accomplish various functions. Inspired by nature, many exquisite artificial supramolecular systems have been developed, in which controlling the supramolecular chirality holds the key to completing specific tasks. However, to achieve precise and non-invasive control and modulation of chirality in these systems remains challenging. As a non-invasive stimulus, light can be used to remotely control the chirality with high spatiotemporal precision. In contrast to common molecular switches, a synthetic molecular motor can act as a multistate chiroptical switch with unidirectional rotation, offering major potential to regulate more complex functions. Here, we present a light-driven molecular motor-based supramolecular polymer, in which the intrinsic chirality is transferred to the nanofibers, and the rotation of molecular motors governs the chirality and morphology of the supramolecular polymer. The resulting supramolecular polymer also exhibits light-controlled multistate aggregation-induced emission. These findings present a photochemically tunable multistate dynamic supramolecular system in water and pave the way for developing molecular motor-driven chiroptical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gianni Pacella
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Youxin Fu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qi Zhang
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237 Shanghai, China
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43
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Iacomi P, Alabarse F, Appleyard R, Lemaire T, Thessieu C, Wang S, Serre C, Maurin G, Yot PG. Structural insight of MOFs under combined mechanical and adsorption stimuli. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Iacomi
- University of Montpellier: Universite de Montpellier Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier FRANCE
| | | | | | | | | | - Sujing Wang
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Université Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris FRANCE
| | - Christian Serre
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Université Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris FRANCE
| | - Guillaume Maurin
- University of Montpellier: Universite de Montpellier Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier FRANCE
| | - Pascal G. Yot
- University of Montpellier Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier Place Eugène BataillonCC1505 34095 Montpellier cedex 05 FRANCE
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44
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Noble BB, Todorova N, Yarovsky I. Electromagnetic bioeffects: a multiscale molecular simulation perspective. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:6327-6348. [PMID: 35245928 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05510k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Electromagnetic bioeffects remain an enigma from both the experimental and theoretical perspectives despite the ubiquitous presence of related technologies in contemporary life. Multiscale computational modelling can provide valuable insights into biochemical systems and predict how they will be perturbed by external stimuli. At a microscopic level, it can be used to determine what (sub)molecular scale reactions various stimuli might induce; at a macroscopic level, it can be used to examine how these changes affect dynamic behaviour of essential molecules within the crowded biomolecular milieu in living tissues. In this review, we summarise and evaluate recent computational studies that examined the impact of externally applied electric and electromagnetic fields on biologically relevant molecular systems. First, we briefly outline the various methodological approaches that have been employed to study static and oscillating field effects across different time and length scales. The practical value of such modelling is then illustrated through representative case-studies that showcase the diverse effects of electric and electromagnetic field on the main physiological solvent - water, and the essential biomolecules - DNA, proteins, lipids, as well as some novel biomedically relevant nanomaterials. The implications and relevance of the theoretical multiscale modelling to practical applications in therapeutic medicine are also discussed. Finally, we summarise ongoing challenges and potential opportunities for theoretical modelling to advance the current understanding of electromagnetic bioeffects for their modulation and/or beneficial exploitation in biomedicine and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Noble
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Australia. .,Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Australia
| | - Nevena Todorova
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Australia. .,Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Australia
| | - Irene Yarovsky
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Australia. .,Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Australia
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45
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Jeong Y, Jin S, Palanikumar L, Choi H, Shin E, Go EM, Keum C, Bang S, Kim D, Lee S, Kim M, Kim H, Lee KH, Jana B, Park MH, Kwak SK, Kim C, Ryu JH. Stimuli-Responsive Adaptive Nanotoxin to Directly Penetrate the Cellular Membrane by Molecular Folding and Unfolding. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5503-5516. [PMID: 35235326 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological nanomachines, including proteins and nucleic acids whose function is activated by conformational changes, are involved in every biological process, in which their dynamic and responsive behaviors are controlled by supramolecular recognition. The development of artificial nanomachines that mimic the biological functions for potential application as therapeutics is emerging; however, it is still limited to the lower hierarchical level of the molecular components. In this work, we report a synthetic machinery nanostructure in which actuatable molecular components are integrated into a hierarchical nanomaterial in response to external stimuli to regulate biological functions. Two nanometers core-sized gold nanoparticles are covered with ligand layers as actuatable components, whose folding/unfolding motional response to the cellular environment enables the direct penetration of the nanoparticles across the cellular membrane to disrupt intracellular organelles. Furthermore, the pH-responsive conformational movements of the molecular components can induce the apoptosis of cancer cells. This strategy based on the mechanical motion of molecular components on a hierarchical nanocluster would be useful to design biomimetic nanotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngdo Jeong
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Department of HY-KIST Bio-convergence, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeong Jin
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - L Palanikumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Huyeon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Shin
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Min Go
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjoon Keum
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Bang
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Biomedical Engineering, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongkap Kim
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojun Kim
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Hyi Lee
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Batakrishna Jana
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hwan Park
- Department of Chemistry & Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Kwak
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaekyu Kim
- Fusion Biotechnology, Inc., Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Hyoung Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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46
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Simeth NA. A Molecular Pump Facilitates Mechanical Adsorption Away from Equilibrium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115145. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja A. Simeth
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry University of Goettingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC) University of Goettingen Germany
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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48
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Simeth NA. A Molecular Pump Facilitates Mechanical Adsorption Away from Equilibrium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja A. Simeth
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry University of Goettingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC) University of Goettingen Germany
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49
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De Nicola A, Correa A, Bracco S, Perego J, Sozzani P, Comotti A, Milano G. Collective dynamics of molecular rotors in periodic mesoporous organosilica: a combined solid-state 2H-NMR and molecular dynamics simulation study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:666-673. [PMID: 34904981 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05013c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular rotors offer a platform to realize controlled dynamics and modulate the functions of solids. The motional mechanisms in arrays of rotors have not been explored in depth. Crystal-like porous organosilicas, comprising p-phenylene rotators pivoted onto a siloxane scaffold, were modelled using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Long simulations, on a microsecond scale, allowed to follow the reorientation statistics of rotor collections and single out group configurations and frequency distributions as a function of temperature. The motions observed in the MD simulations support a multiple-site model for rotor reorientations. Computed motional frequencies revealed a complex rotatory phenomenon combining an ultra-fast libration motion (oscillation up to 30°) with a slow and fast 180° flip reorientation. Adopting a multiple-site model provides a more accurate simulation of the 2H-NMR spectra and a rationalization of their temperature dependence. In particular, rotators endowed with distinct rates could be explained by the presence of slower rings locked in a T-shaped conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio De Nicola
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Andrea Correa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy.
| | - Jacopo Perego
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy.
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy.
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Milano
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naploli, Italy
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50
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van Vliet S, Alachouzos G, de Vries F, Pfeifer L, Feringa BL. Visible light activated BINOL-derived chiroptical switches based on boron integrated hydrazone complexes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9713-9718. [PMID: 36091916 PMCID: PMC9400604 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03518a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral optical switches, which use light to control chirality in a reversible manner, offer unique properties and fascinating prospects in the areas of molecular switching and responsive systems, new photochromic materials and molecular data processing and storage. Herein, we report visible light responsive chiroptical switches based on tetrahedral boron coordination towards an easily accessible hydrazone ligand and optically pure BINOL. Upon instalment of a non-planar dibenzo[a,d]-cycloheptene moiety in the hydrazone ligand's lower half, the enantiopure boron complex shows major chiroptical changes in the CD read-out after visible light irradiation. The thermal isomerization barrier in these chiroptical switching systems showed to be easily adjustable by the introduction of substituents onto the olefinic bond of the cycloheptene ring, giving profound control over their thermal stability. The control over their thermal stability in combination with excellent reversibility, photochemical properties and overall robustness of the complexes makes these BINOL-derived chiroptical switches attractive candidates for usage in advanced applications, e.g. photonic materials and nanotechnology. Chiroptical switches, which use light to control chirality in a reversible manner, offer unique properties and fascinating prospects in the areas of molecular responsive systems, new photochromic materials and molecular data processing and storage.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven van Vliet
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, Netherlands
| | - Georgios Alachouzos
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, Netherlands
| | - Folkert de Vries
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, Netherlands
| | - Lukas Pfeifer
- EPFL, CH G1 614 (Bâtiment CH), Station 6, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, Netherlands
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