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Li B, Tian Y, Wang P. Applications and grants of the National Natural Science Foundation of China's General Program and Young Scientists Fund in immunology research: a 10-year review (2013-2022). SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:1321-1324. [PMID: 38491243 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Baoman Li
- Department of Life Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yanyan Tian
- Department of Life Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Puyue Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing, 100085, China.
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2
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Wang Z, Bao S. The impact of social distancing measures (quarantine) policy on tertiary education and medical consultations in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1365805. [PMID: 38504676 PMCID: PMC10948518 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1365805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoer Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shisan Bao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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3
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Suchanti S, Awasthi S, Singh G, Yadav PK, Singh A, Mishra R. In silico prediction of COVID-19 cytokine storm in lung cancer types. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 32:101350. [PMID: 36164562 PMCID: PMC9492516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumors and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Mainly, Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for more than eighty-five percent of all lung cancers, consists of two major subtypes: lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) affected millions of people caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) around the globe. Lung cancer patients and COVID-19 present unique and unfortunate lethal combinations because the lungs are the primary target organ of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical studies have demonstrated that an over-activated inflammatory response associated with severe COVID-19 cases is characterized by excessive auto-amplifying cytokine release, which is defined as a “cytokine storm.” ACE2 and TMPRSS2 receptors play an essential role in SARS-CoV-2 infection; therefore, using in silico analysis, we did correlation analysis with immune infiltration markers in LUAD and LUSC patient groups. Our study identified a promising correlation between immune-modulators and receptor proteins (ACE-2 and TMPRSS2), creating a domain that requires further laboratory studies for clinical authentication. Correlation between immune-modulators and virus receptor proteins certainly using computational approach. Focusing on differential vulnerability and complications toward SARS-CoV-2 infection in lung cancer types. Immunomodulatory role of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes by analysing various cytokines. Potential immunomodulatory therapies to overpower the deregulated pro-inflammatory action in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Suchanti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024, India
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sonali Awasthi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024, India
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- Toxicology Department, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, 380016, India
| | - Pramod K. Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024, India
| | - Abhijeet Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajeev Mishra
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024, India
- Corresponding author. Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology C.S.J.M. University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024, India.
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Ji X, Rao Z, Zhang W, Liu C, Wang Z, Zhang S, Zhang B, Hu M, Servati P, Xiao X. Airline Point-of-Care System on Seat Belt for Hybrid Physiological Signal Monitoring. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13111880. [PMID: 36363901 PMCID: PMC9694689 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
With a focus on disease prevention and health promotion, a reactive and disease-centric healthcare system is revolutionized to a point-of-care model by the application of wearable devices. The convenience and low cost made it possible for long-term monitoring of health problems in long-distance traveling such as flights. While most of the existing health monitoring systems on aircrafts are limited for pilots, point-of-care systems provide choices for passengers to enjoy healthcare at the same level. Here in this paper, an airline point-of-care system containing hybrid electrocardiogram (ECG), breathing, and motion signals detection is proposed. At the same time, we propose the diagnosis of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) on flights as an application of this system to satisfy the inevitable demands for sleeping on long-haul flights. The hardware design includes ECG electrodes, flexible piezoelectric belts, and a control box, which enables the system to detect the original data of ECG, breathing, and motion signals. By processing these data with interval extraction-based feature selection method, the signals would be characterized and then provided for the long short-term memory recurrent neural network (LSTM-RNN) to classify the SAHS. Compared with other machine learning methods, our model shows high accuracy up to 84-85% with the lowest overfit problem, which proves its potential application in other related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Ji
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhi Rao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Zimo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Shuo Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Butian Zhang
- Department of Imaging, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Menglei Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Peyman Servati
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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5
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Romano M, Joniau M, Huygen K. A BRIEF HISTORY OF BELGIAN IMMUNOLOGY AND ITS SOCIETY. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1019-1023. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.202270075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kris Huygen
- ex‐Pasteur Institute of Brussels‐WIV‐ISP Brussels 1180
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A Targeted Literature Search and Phenomenological Review of Perspectives of People with Multiple Sclerosis and Healthcare Professionals of the Immunology of Disease-Modifying Therapies. Neurol Ther 2022; 11:955-979. [PMID: 35608740 PMCID: PMC9127487 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-022-00349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The mechanisms of action of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) are complex and involve an interplay of immune system components. People with MS (PwMS) may lack a clear understanding of the immunological pathways involved in MS and its treatment; effective communication between healthcare professionals (HCPs) and PwMS is needed to facilitate shared decision-making when discussing the disease and selecting DMTs and is particularly important in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era. Methods In this patient-authored two-part review, we performed a targeted literature search to assess the need for better communication between HCPs and PwMS regarding treatment selection, and also conducted a qualitative survey of four patient and care-partner authors to obtain insights regarding their understanding of and preferences for the treatment and management of MS. Results Following a search of the Embase and MEDLINE databases using Ovid in June 2020, an analysis of 40 journal articles and conference abstracts relating to patient empowerment and decision-making in DMT selection for MS showed a preference for safety and efficacy of treatments, followed by autonomy and convenience of administration. A need for better communication between HCPs and PwMS during treatment selection to improve patient satisfaction was also identified. The open survey responses from the patient authors revealed a need for greater involvement in decision-making processes and desire for improved communication and information tools. Conclusions This targeted literature search and phenomenological review confirms PwMS preferences for empowered decision-making in disease management and treatment selection, to optimize independence, safety, and efficacy. It also identifies an unmet need for improved communication and information tools that convey MS information in a relatable manner. Furthermore, this review seeks to address this unmet need by providing plain language figures and descriptions of MS immune mechanisms that can be used to facilitate discussions between HCPs and PwMS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40120-022-00349-5. In multiple sclerosis (MS), there are different cells in the immune system that contribute to the disease. The main cells in the immune system are T and B cells. People with MS (PwMS) might not be familiar with details about the immune system, and healthcare professionals might not always communicate details about how treatments work clearly to PwMS when choosing treatments with them. It is important for PwMS to have all the information they need to help make decisions about treatments. This information needs to be given in a way they can understand. This is especially important during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this paper, we first looked at what research has already been published about what is most important to PwMS when making treatment decisions. The existing research says that safety and effectiveness are the most important things and that PwMS prefer treatments that they can take themselves. PwMS also need better communication and information from doctors to make decisions and to help explain how MS treatments work in the body. Next, we gave a survey to the patients who are authors of this paper to ask about what is important to them when making treatment decisions. Their answers were very similar to the existing research. Overall, PwMS need better communication from healthcare professionals about the immune system. This paper also includes plain language descriptions and figures to help healthcare professionals explain and discuss the importance of the immune system in MS with PwMS.
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Felten R, Rosine N. Responding to and Driving Change in Rheumatology: Report from the 12th International Immunology Summit 2021. Rheumatol Ther 2022; 9:705-719. [PMID: 35279812 PMCID: PMC8917828 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-022-00437-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has accelerated changes to rheumatology daily clinical practice. The main goal of the 12th International Immunology Summit, held 25-26 June, 2021 (virtual meeting), was to provide direction for these active changes rather than undergoing change reactively in order to improve patient outcomes. This review describes and explores the concept of change in rheumatology clinical practice based on presentations from the Immunology Summit. Many of the changes to rheumatology practice brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic may be considered as having a positive impact on disease management and may help with the long-term development of more patient-focused treatment. Rheumatologists can contribute key knowledge regarding the use of immunosuppressive agents in the context of the pandemic, and according to the European League Against Rheumatism, they should be involved in any multidisciplinary COVID-19 guideline committees. New technologies, including telemedicine and artificial intelligence, represent an opportunity for physicians to individualise patient treatment and improve disease management. Despite major advances in the treatment of rheumatic diseases, the efficacy of available disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) remains suboptimal and data regarding serological biomarkers are limited. Synovial tissue biomarkers, such as CD68+ macrophages, have shown promise in elucidating pathogenesis and targeting treatment to the individual patient. In spondyloarthritis (SpA) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA), information regarding the effectiveness of the available agents with different mechanisms of action may be integrated to manage patients using a treat-to-target approach. Early diagnosis of SpA and PsA is important for optimisation of treatment response and long-term outcomes. Improving our understanding of disease pathogenesis and practice methods may help reduce diagnostic delays, thereby optimising disease outcomes in patients with rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Felten
- Service de Rhumatologie and CNR RESO, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, Avenue Molière, BP 83049, 67098, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Nicolas Rosine
- Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Chen G, Xiao X, Zhao X, Tat T, Bick M, Chen J. Electronic Textiles for Wearable Point-of-Care Systems. Chem Rev 2021; 122:3259-3291. [PMID: 34939791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Traditional public health systems are suffering from limited, delayed, and inefficient medical services, especially when confronted with the pandemic and the aging population. Fusing traditional textiles with diagnostic, therapeutic, and protective medical devices can unlock electronic textiles (e-textiles) as point-of-care platform technologies on the human body, continuously monitoring vital signs and implementing round-the-clock treatment protocols in close proximity to the patient. This review comprehensively summarizes the research advances on e-textiles for wearable point-of-care systems. We start with a brief introduction to emphasize the significance of e-textiles in the current healthcare system. Then, we describe textile sensors for diagnosis, textile therapeutic devices for medical treatment, and textile protective devices for prevention, by highlighting their working mechanisms, representative materials, and clinical application scenarios. Afterward, we detail e-textiles' connection technologies as the gateway for real-time data transmission and processing in the context of 5G technologies and Internet of Things. Finally, we provide new insights into the remaining challenges and future directions in the field of e-textiles. Fueled by advances in chemistry and materials science, textile-based diagnostic devices, therapeutic devices, protective medical devices, and communication units are expected to interact synergistically to construct intelligent, wearable point-of-care textile platforms, ultimately illuminating the future of healthcare system in the Internet of Things era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorui Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xun Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Trinny Tat
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Michael Bick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Rampogu S, Lee KW. Pharmacophore Modelling-Based Drug Repurposing Approaches for SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutics. Front Chem 2021; 9:636362. [PMID: 34041221 PMCID: PMC8141588 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.636362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a devastating effect globally with no effective treatment. The swift strategy to find effective treatment against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is to repurpose the approved drugs. In this pursuit, an exhaustive computational method has been used on the DrugBank compounds targeting nsp16/nsp10 complex (PDB code: 6W4H). A structure-based pharmacophore model was generated, and the selected model was escalated to screen DrugBank database, resulting in three compounds. These compounds were subjected to molecular docking studies at the protein-binding pocket employing the CDOCKER module available with the Discovery Studio v18. In order to discover potential candidate compounds, the co-crystallized compound S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) was used as the reference compound. Additionally, the compounds remdesivir and hydroxycholoroquine were employed for comparative docking. The results have shown that the three compounds have demonstrated a higher dock score than the reference compounds and were upgraded to molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) studies. The MDS results demonstrated that the three compounds, framycetin, kanamycin, and tobramycin, are promising candidate compounds. They have represented a stable binding mode at the targets binding pocket with an average protein backbone root mean square deviation below 0.3 nm. Additionally, they have prompted the hydrogen bonds during the entire simulations, inferring that the compounds have occupied the active site firmly. Taken together, our findings propose framycetin, kanamycin, and tobramycin as potent putative inhibitors for COVID-19 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keun Woo Lee
- Department of Bio and Medical Big Data (BK21 Four Program), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), Jinju, South Korea
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Mi B, Xiong Y, Zhang C, Zhou W, Chen L, Cao F, Chen F, Geng Z, Panayi AC, Sun Y, Wang L, Liu G. SARS-CoV-2-induced Overexpression of miR-4485 Suppresses Osteogenic Differentiation and Impairs Fracture Healing. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1277-1288. [PMID: 33867845 PMCID: PMC8040480 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.56657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor has been identified as the cell entry point for SARS-CoV-2. Although ACE2 receptors are present in the bone marrow, the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the biological activity of bone tissue have not yet been elucidated. In the present study we sought to investigate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on osteoblastic activity in the context of fracture healing. MicroRNA-4485 (miR-4485), which we found to be upregulated in COVID-19 patients, negatively regulates osteogenic differentiation. We demonstrate this effect both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we identified the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) as the potential target gene of miR-4485, and showed that reduction of TLR-4 induced by miR-4485 suppresses osteoblastic differentiation in vitro. Taken together, our findings highlight that up-regulation of miR-4485 is responsible for the suppression of osteogenic differentiation in COVID-19 patients, and TLR-4 is the potential target through which miR-4485 acts, providing a promising target for pro-fracture-healing and anti-osteoporosis therapy in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Chenming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Wu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Faqi Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Fenghua Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Zhi Geng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Adriana C. Panayi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, USA
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
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Nasonov EL. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and autoimmunity. RHEUMATOLOGY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.47360/1995-4484-2021-5-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus 2019 pandemic (coronavirus disease, COVID-19), etiologically related to the SARS-CoV-2 virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2), has once again reawakened healthcare professionals’ interest towards new clinical and conceptual issues of human immunology and immunopathology. An unprecedented number of clinical trials and fundamental studies of epidemiology, virology, immunology and molecular biology, of the COVID-19 clinical course polymorphism and pharmacotherapy have been conducted within one year since the outbreak of 2019 pandemic, bringing together scientists of almost all biological and physicians of almost all medical specialties. Their joint efforts have resulted in elaboration of several types of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection and, in general, fashioning of more rational approaches to patient management. Also important for COVID-19 management were all clinical trials of biologics and “targeted” anti-inflammatory drugs modulating intracellular cytokine signaling, which have been specifically developed for treatment immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic disease (IMIRDs) over the past 20 years. It became obvious after a comprehensive analysis of the entire spectrum of clinical manifestations and immunopathological disorders in COVID-19 is accompanied by a wide range of extrapulmonary clinical and laboratory disorders, some of which are characteristic of IMIRDs and other autoimmune and auto-in-flammatory human diseases. All these phenomena substantiated the practice of anti-inflammatory drugs repurposing with off-label use of specific antirheumatic agents for treatment of COVID-19. This paper discusses potential use of glucocorticoids, biologics, JAK inhibitors, etc., blocking the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines for treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. L. Nasonov
- V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health Care of Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
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Ajana B. Immunitarianism: defence and sacrifice in the politics of Covid-19. HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 43:25. [PMID: 33616771 PMCID: PMC7899054 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-021-00384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
As witnessed over the last year, immunity emerged as one of most highly debated topics in the current Covid-19 pandemic. Countries around the globe have been debating whether herd immunity or lockdown is the best response, as the race continues for the development and rollout of effective vaccines against coronavirus and as the economic costs of implementing strict containment measures are weighed against public health costs. What became evident all the more is that immunity is precisely what bridges between biological life and political life in the current climate, be it in terms of the contentious notion of herd immunity, the geopolitical struggle for vaccines, or the possible emergence of "Covid-elite", i.e. holders of so-called "immunity passports". Immunity, as such, is certainly not only a matter of science and biology alone, but is inherently political in the way that pandemics themselves are often highly politicised. Drawing on the work of Roberto Esposito and other literature from the field of biopolitics and immunology, this paper provides a critical examination of the concept of immunity in light of the recent events, highlighting the intersections between the politics of defence and the politics of sacrifice which animate governments' immunitary responses to the Covid-19 pandemic. The paper ends with a discussion on the forms of solidarity and local initiatives that have been mobilised during the current pandemic and their potential for an affirmative form of biopolitics. Overall, the main aim of this paper is to provide a critical cultural and philosophical analysis of Covid-19 debates and responses and a nuanced account on the biopolitical effects of the current pandemic, highlighting the paradoxical nature of immunity which straddles at once negative practices of defence and sacrifice as well as affirmative forms of community and solidarity beyond state apparatuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Btihaj Ajana
- Department of Digital Humanities, King's College London, London, UK.
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Marín-Hernández D, Hupert N, Nixon DF. The Immunologists' Guide to Pandemic Preparedness. Trends Immunol 2020; 42:91-93. [PMID: 33358277 PMCID: PMC7758716 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Immunologists are central to fighting any pandemic. From pathogenesis to disease modeling, pharmaceuticals to vaccines, immunologists play a crucial role in translating basic science into effective response strategies. This article describes our view on how lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic can be developed into an immunologists’ guide for preparedness for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Marín-Hernández
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathaniel Hupert
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Cornell Institute for Diseases and Disaster Preparedness, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas F Nixon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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