1
|
Abu Rached N, Rüth J, Gambichler T, Ocker L, Bechara FG. A state-of-the-art systematic review of cancer in hidradenitis suppurativa. Ann Med 2024; 56:2382372. [PMID: 39046819 PMCID: PMC11271124 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2382372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with an increased risk of malignancy. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the prevalence of different malignancies in HS. METHODS This review meets the PRISMA criteria. A data-driven approach was used to conduct the research, which involved a detailed keyword search. The study considered meta-analyses, experimental studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, and recently published cases, published in English or German. Excluded were reviews, summaries, and letters to the editor, as well as studies, which are not based on the human population. RESULTS Out of the initial 443 publications found, 25 met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. Patients with HS have a significantly increased risk of cancer, up to 50%. Additionally, the risk of oropharyngeal, central nervous system, colorectal, prostate, vulvar and non-melanocytic skin cancers increase with the severity of HS. The likelihood of comorbid lymphoma in patients with HS is significantly higher compared to healthy controls. In severe cases of HS, malignant degeneration of lesions in the groin, perianal, perineal, and gluteal region can occur in up to 4.6% of cases. This leads to the development of cSCC, which often have a complicated course, are more refractory to treatment and associated with a poorer outcome. The pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the malignant transformation of HS are currently unknown. CONCLUSIONS Patients with HS have a higher risk of cancer compared to the general population. Untreated, long-standing HS lesions can lead to complicated malignant degeneration resulting in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. The mechanisms underlying this malignant degeneration are not fully understood. HS patients also have an increased risk of developing other cancers, including prostate, oral, pharyngeal and colorectal cancers of the central nervous system and lymphomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nessr Abu Rached
- International Centre for Hidradenitis suppurativa/Acne inversa (ICH), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
- Skin Cancer Centre, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jonas Rüth
- International Centre for Hidradenitis suppurativa/Acne inversa (ICH), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
- Skin Cancer Centre, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thilo Gambichler
- Skin Cancer Centre, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Phlebology, Christian Hospital Unna, Unna, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Dortmund Hospital gGmbH and Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lennart Ocker
- International Centre for Hidradenitis suppurativa/Acne inversa (ICH), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
- Skin Cancer Centre, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Falk G. Bechara
- International Centre for Hidradenitis suppurativa/Acne inversa (ICH), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
- Skin Cancer Centre, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Toner K, McCann CD, Bollard CM. Applications of cell therapy in the treatment of virus-associated cancers. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:709-724. [PMID: 39160243 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00930-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
A diverse range of viruses have well-established roles as the primary driver of oncogenesis in various haematological malignancies and solid tumours. Indeed, estimates suggest that approximately 1.5 million patients annually are diagnosed with virus-related cancers. The predominant human oncoviruses include Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV), human papillomavirus (HPV), human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV1), and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). In addition, although not inherently oncogenic, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with immunosuppression that contributes to the development of AIDS-defining cancers (specifically, Kaposi sarcoma, aggressive B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and cervical cancer). Given that an adaptive T cell-mediated immune response is crucial for the control of viral infections, increasing research is being focused on evaluating virus-specific T cell therapies for the treatment of virus-associated cancers. In this Review, we briefly outline the roles of viruses in the pathogenesis of these malignancies before describing progress to date in the field of virus-specific T cell therapy and evaluating the potential utility of these therapies to treat or possibly even prevent virus-related malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keri Toner
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chase D McCann
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
- Department of Paediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saadh MJ, Mustafa AN, Taher SG, Adil M, Athab ZH, Baymakov S, Alsaikhan F, Bagheri H. Association of polyomavirus infection with lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 262:155521. [PMID: 39182450 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to investigate the pooled prevalence and possible association between polyomavirus infection and lung cancer. METHODS A systematic publication search was conducted by identifying relevant cross-sectional and case-control studies from major online databases. Heterogeneity, OR, and corresponding 95 % CI were applied to all studies through meta-analysis and forest plot. Random effects models were used to calculate the overall pooled prevalence. Visual inspection of a funnel plot plotting the log-transformed OR and its associated standard error of the log (OR) was combined with the Begg and Egger test to examine the presence and influence of publication bias. Analyzes were performed using Stata software v.14.1. RESULTS 23 articles (33 datasets) were included in the meta-analysis, of which 14 datasets were case/control and the rest were cross-sectional studies. The pooled polyomavirus infection rate in lung cancer patients was 0.06 % (0.02-0.11 %). In subgroup analysis, the pooled prevalence of JCV, MCPyV, KI, SV40, BKV, WU, MU, and STL was 21 %, 7 %, 6 %, 2 %, 0 %, 0 %, 0 %, and 0 % respectively. An association has been found between polyomavirus infection and lung cancer [summary OR 6.33 (95 % CI (1.76-22.77); I2=67.45 %)]. The subgroup analysis, based on the virus type, showed a strong association between MCPyV and lung cancer [summary OR 13.61 (95 % CI 2.41-76.59; I2=40.0 %)]. despite the high prevalence of JCV DNA in lung cancer tissue, analysis of case-control studies showed that JCV is not associated with lung cancer and does not increase the risk of lung cancer. CONCLUSION This study showed a significant association between polyomaviruses infection with lung cancer. The results also revealed a pooled prevalence of 6 % for polyomaviruses in lung tumor patients. Altogether, the findings of the present work suggest that Merkel cell polyomavirus infection is a potential risk factor for lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan
| | | | - Sada Gh Taher
- National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | | | - Zainab H Athab
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Sayfiddin Baymakov
- Department of General Surgery and Military-Field surgery, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Scientific Affairs, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia; School of Pharmacy, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hamed Bagheri
- Radiation Sciences Research Center (RSRC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu X, Li Y, Cao Y, Shi F, Shang L. The role of nitric oxide synthase/ nitric oxide in infection-related cancers: Beyond antimicrobial activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189156. [PMID: 39032540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
As a free radical and endogenous effector molecule, mammalian endogenous nitric oxide (NO) is mainly derived from nitric oxide synthase (NOS) via L-arginine. NO participates in normal physiological reactions and provides immune responses to prevent the invasion of foreign bacteria. However, NO also has complex and contradictory biological effects. Abnormal NO signaling is involved in the progression of many diseases, such as cancer. In the past decades, cancer research has been closely linked with NOS/ NO, and many tumors with poor prognosis are associated with high expression of NOS. In this review, we give a overview of the biological effects of NOS/ NO. Then we focus on the oncogenic role of iNOS/ NO in HPV, HBV, EBV and H. pylori related tumors. In fact, there is growing evidence that iNOS could be used as a potential therapeutic target in cancer therapy. We emphasize that the pro-tumor effect of NOS/ NO is greater than the anti-tumor effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders/ XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yueshuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders/ XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Li Shang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders/ XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Embry A, Gammon DB. Abortive Infection of Animal Cells: What Goes Wrong. Annu Rev Virol 2024; 11:193-213. [PMID: 38631917 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-100422-023037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Even if a virus successfully binds to a cell, defects in any of the downstream steps of the viral life cycle can preclude the production of infectious virus particles. Such abortive infections are likely common in nature and can provide fundamental insights into the cell and host tropism of viral pathogens. Research over the past 60 years has revealed an incredible diversity of abortive infections by DNA and RNA viruses in various animal cell types. Here we discuss the general causes of abortive infections and provide specific examples from the literature to illustrate the range of abortive infections that have been reported. We also discuss how abortive infections can have critical roles in shaping host immune responses and in the development of virus-induced cancers. Finally, we describe how abortive infections can be applied to basic and clinical research, underscoring the importance of understanding these fascinating aspects of virus biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Embry
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA;
| | - Don B Gammon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu R, Wang S, Han L. Relevance of harmful intratumoral microbiota in cancer progression and its clinical application. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117238. [PMID: 39106707 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are closely related to human health, and changes in the microbiome can lead to the occurrence of diseases. With advances in sequencing technology and research, it has been discovered that intratumoral microbiota exists in various cancer tissues and differs in various cancers. Microorganism can colonize tumor tissues through intestine of damaged mucosal barrier, proximity to normal tissues and bloodstream circulation. Increasing evidence suggests that intratumoral microbiota promotes tumor progression by increasing genomic instability, affecting host immune systems, promoting tumor migration, and regulating tumor signaling pathways. This review article summarizes the latest progress in intratumoral microbiome research, including the development history of intratumoral microbiota, their composition and sources within tumors, their distribution in various cancer tissues, as well as their role in cancer development. Furthermore, the application of intratumoral microbiota in clinical settings is emphasized and we innovatively summarize the clinical trials involving microbial applications for cancer diagnosis and treatment across different countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runze Yu
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuro injury, Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Lei Han
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuro injury, Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aden D, Zaheer S, Khan S, Jairajpuri ZS, Jetley S. Navigating the landscape of HPV-associated cancers: From epidemiology to prevention. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 263:155574. [PMID: 39244910 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a widespread infection associated with various cancers, including cervical, oropharyngeal, anal, and genital cancers. This infection contributes to 5 % of global cancer cases annually, affecting approximately 625,600 women and 69,400 men. Cervical cancer remains the most prevalent HPV-linked cancer among females, with the highest incidence seen in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). While most HPV infections are transient, factors such as HPV variants, age, gender, and socioeconomic status influence transmission risks. HPV is categorized into high-risk (HR-HPV) and low-risk types, with strains like HPV 16 and 18 displaying distinct demographic patterns. The intricate pathogenesis of HPV involves genetic and epigenetic interactions, with HPV oncogenes (E6 and E7) and integration into host DNA playing a pivotal role in driving malignancies. Early diagnostics, utilizing HPV DNA testing with surrogate markers such as p16, and advanced molecular techniques like PCR, liquid biopsy, and NGS, significantly impact the management of HPV-induced cancers. Effectively managing HPV-related cancers demands a multidisciplinary approach, including immunotherapy, integrating current therapies, ongoing trials, and evolving treatments. Prevention via HPV vaccination and the inclusion of cervical cancer screening in national immunization programs by conventional Pap smear examination and HPV DNA testing remains fundamental.Despite the preventability of HPV-related cancers, uncertainties persist in testing, vaccination, and treatment. This review article covers epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, management, prevention strategies, challenges, and future directions. Addressing issues like vaccine hesitancy, healthcare disparities, and advancing therapies requires collaboration among researchers, healthcare providers, policymakers, and the public. Advancements in understanding the disease's molecular basis and clinical progression are crucial for early detection, proper management, and improved outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Durre Aden
- Department of Pathology, HIMSR, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sufian Zaheer
- Department of Pathology, VMMC and Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sabina Khan
- Department of Pathology, HIMSR, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sujata Jetley
- Department of Pathology, HIMSR, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li T, Li S, Kang Y, Zhou J, Yi M. Harnessing the evolving CRISPR/Cas9 for precision oncology. J Transl Med 2024; 22:749. [PMID: 39118151 PMCID: PMC11312220 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05570-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 system, a groundbreaking innovation in genetic engineering, has revolutionized our approach to surmounting complex diseases, culminating in CASGEVY™ approved for sickle cell anemia. Derived from a microbial immune defense mechanism, CRISPR/Cas9, characterized as precision, maneuverability and universality in gene editing, has been harnessed as a versatile tool for precisely manipulating DNA in mammals. In the process of applying it to practice, the consecutive exploitation of novel orthologs and variants never ceases. It's conducive to understanding the essentialities of diseases, particularly cancer, which is crucial for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. CRISPR/Cas9 is used not only to investigate tumorous genes functioning but also to model disparate cancers, providing valuable insights into tumor biology, resistance, and immune evasion. Upon cancer therapy, CRISPR/Cas9 is instrumental in developing individual and precise cancer therapies that can selectively activate or deactivate genes within tumor cells, aiming to cripple tumor growth and invasion and sensitize cancer cells to treatments. Furthermore, it facilitates the development of innovative treatments, enhancing the targeting efficiency of reprogrammed immune cells, exemplified by advancements in CAR-T regimen. Beyond therapy, it is a potent tool for screening susceptible genes, offering the possibility of intervening before the tumor initiative or progresses. However, despite its vast potential, the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in cancer research and therapy is accompanied by significant efficacy, efficiency, technical, and safety considerations. Escalating technology innovations are warranted to address these issues. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is revolutionizing cancer research and treatment, opening up new avenues for advancements in our understanding and management of cancers. The integration of this evolving technology into clinical practice promises a new era of precision oncology, with targeted, personalized, and potentially curative therapies for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianye Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuiquan Li
- Department of Rehabilitation and Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zafar HS, Akbar H, Xu H, Ponnuraj N, Van Etten K, Jarosinski KW. Oncogenic Animal Herpesviruses. Curr Opin Virol 2024; 67:101424. [PMID: 38981163 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Oncogenic viruses play a pivotal role in oncology due to their unique role in unraveling the complexities of cancer development. Understanding the role viruses play in specific cancers is important to provide basic insights into the transformation process, which will help identify potential cellular targets for treatment. This review discusses the diverse role of animal herpesviruses in initiating and promoting various forms of cancer. We will summarize the mechanisms that underlie the development of animal herpesvirus-induced cancer that may provide a basis for developing potential therapeutic interventions or preventative strategies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz S Zafar
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Haji Akbar
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Huai Xu
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Nagendraprabhu Ponnuraj
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kathrine Van Etten
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Keith W Jarosinski
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Desai N, Chavda V, Singh TRR, Thorat ND, Vora LK. Cancer Nanovaccines: Nanomaterials and Clinical Perspectives. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2401631. [PMID: 38693099 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Cancer nanovaccines represent a promising frontier in cancer immunotherapy, utilizing nanotechnology to augment traditional vaccine efficacy. This review comprehensively examines the current state-of-the-art in cancer nanovaccine development, elucidating innovative strategies and technologies employed in their design. It explores both preclinical and clinical advancements, emphasizing key studies demonstrating their potential to elicit robust anti-tumor immune responses. The study encompasses various facets, including integrating biomaterial-based nanocarriers for antigen delivery, adjuvant selection, and the impact of nanoscale properties on vaccine performance. Detailed insights into the complex interplay between the tumor microenvironment and nanovaccine responses are provided, highlighting challenges and opportunities in optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, the study presents a thorough analysis of ongoing clinical trials, presenting a snapshot of the current clinical landscape. By curating the latest scientific findings and clinical developments, this study aims to serve as a comprehensive resource for researchers and clinicians engaged in advancing cancer immunotherapy. Integrating nanotechnology into vaccine design holds immense promise for revolutionizing cancer treatment paradigms, and this review provides a timely update on the evolving landscape of cancer nanovaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nimeet Desai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, 502285, India
| | - Vivek Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
| | | | - Nanasaheb D Thorat
- Limerick Digital Cancer Research Centre (LDCRC), University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, V94T9PX, Ireland
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, Castletroy, Limerick, V94T9PX, Ireland
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, Medical Science Division, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bertzbach LD, Ip WH, von Stromberg K, Dobner T, Grand RJ. A comparative review of adenovirus A12 and C5 oncogenes. Curr Opin Virol 2024; 67:101413. [PMID: 38865835 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Oncogenic viruses contribute to 15% of global human cancers. To achieve that, virus-encoded oncoproteins deregulate cellular transcription, antagonize common cellular pathways, and thus drive cell transformation. Notably, adenoviruses were the first human viruses proven to induce cancers in diverse animal models. Over the past decades, human adenovirus (HAdV)-mediated oncogenic transformation has been pivotal in deciphering underlying molecular mechanisms. Key adenovirus oncoproteins, encoded in early regions 1 (E1) and 4 (E4), co-ordinate these processes. Among the different adenovirus species, the most extensively studied HAdV-C5 displays lower oncogenicity than HAdV-A12. A complete understanding of the different HAdV-A12 and HAdV-C5 oncoproteins in virus-mediated cell transformation, as summarized here, is relevant for adenovirus research and offers broader insights into viral transformation and oncogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca D Bertzbach
- Department of Viral Transformation, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wing-Hang Ip
- Department of Viral Transformation, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin von Stromberg
- Department of Viral Transformation, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dobner
- Department of Viral Transformation, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Roger J Grand
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Sciences, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ramirez-Martínez G. Editorial: Reviews in virus and host. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1445721. [PMID: 39040599 PMCID: PMC11261525 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1445721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ramirez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tabatabaeian H, Bai Y, Huang R, Chaurasia A, Darido C. Navigating therapeutic strategies: HPV classification in head and neck cancer. Br J Cancer 2024; 131:220-230. [PMID: 38643337 PMCID: PMC11263586 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02655-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organisation recognised human papillomavirus (HPV) as the cause of multiple cancers, including head and neck cancers. HPV is a double-stranded DNA virus, and its viral gene expression can be controlled after infection by cellular and viral promoters. In cancer cells, the HPV genome is detected as either integrated into the host genome, episomal (extrachromosomal), or a mixture of integrated and episomal. Viral integration requires the breakage of both viral and host DNA, and the integration rate correlates with the level of DNA damage. Interestingly, patients with HPV-positive head and neck cancers generally have a good prognosis except for a group of patients with fully integrated HPV who show worst clinical outcomes. Those patients present with lowered expression of viral genes and limited infiltration of cytotoxic T cells. An impediment to effective therapy applications in the clinic is the sole testing for HPV positivity without considering the HPV integration status. This review will discuss HPV integration as a potential determinant of response to therapies in head and neck cancers and highlight to the field a novel therapeutic avenue that would reduce the cancer burden and improve patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuchen Bai
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ruihong Huang
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Akhilanand Chaurasia
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Charbel Darido
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tang H, Pang X, Li S, Tang L. The Double-Edged Effects of MLN4924: Rethinking Anti-Cancer Drugs Targeting the Neddylation Pathway. Biomolecules 2024; 14:738. [PMID: 39062453 PMCID: PMC11274557 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The neddylation pathway assumes a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of cancer. MLN4924, a potent small-molecule inhibitor of the NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE), effectively intervenes in the early stages of the neddylation pathway. By instigating diverse cellular responses, such as senescence and apoptosis in cancer cells, MLN4924 also exerts regulatory effects on non-malignant cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor virus-infected cells, thereby impeding the onset of tumors. Consequently, MLN4924 has been widely acknowledged as a potent anti-cancer drug. (2) Recent findings: Nevertheless, recent findings have illuminated additional facets of the neddylation pathway, revealing its active involvement in various biological processes detrimental to the survival of cancer cells. This newfound understanding underscores the dual role of MLN4924 in tumor therapy, characterized by both anti-cancer and pro-cancer effects. This dichotomy is herein referred to as the "double-edged effects" of MLN4924. This paper delves into the intricate relationship between the neddylation pathway and cancer, offering a mechanistic exploration and analysis of the causes underlying the double-edged effects of MLN4924-specifically, the accumulation of pro-cancer neddylation substrates. (3) Perspectives: Here, the objective is to furnish theoretical support and novel insights that can guide the development of next-generation anti-cancer drugs targeting the neddylation pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (H.T.); (X.P.)
| | - Xin Pang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (H.T.); (X.P.)
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, People’s Hospital of Longhua, Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Liling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (H.T.); (X.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lo Cigno I, Calati F, Girone C, Catozzo M, Gariglio M. High-risk HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 and their interplay with the innate immune response: Uncovering mechanisms of immune evasion and therapeutic prospects. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29685. [PMID: 38783790 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) tumor viruses causally associated with 5% of human cancers, comprising both anogenital and upper aerodigestive tract carcinomas. Despite the availability of prophylactic vaccines, HPVs continue to pose a significant global health challenge, primarily due to inadequate vaccine access and coverage. These viruses can establish persistent infections by evading both the intrinsic defenses of infected tissues and the extrinsic defenses provided by professional innate immune cells. Crucial for their evasion strategies is their unique intraepithelial life cycle, which effectively shields them from host detection. Thus, strategies aimed at reactivating the innate immune response within infected or transformed epithelial cells, particularly through the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and lymphocyte-recruiting chemokines, are considered viable solutions to counteract the adverse effects of persistent infections by these oncogenic viruses. This review focuses on the complex interplay between the high-risk HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 and the innate immune response in epithelial cells and HPV-associated cancers. In particular, it details the molecular mechanisms by which E6 and E7 modulate the innate immune response, highlighting significant progress in our comprehension of these processes. It also examines forward-looking strategies that exploit the innate immune system to ameliorate existing anticancer therapies, thereby providing crucial insights into future therapeutic developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Lo Cigno
- Virology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy
| | - Federica Calati
- Virology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy
| | - Carlo Girone
- Virology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy
| | - Marta Catozzo
- Virology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy
| | - Marisa Gariglio
- Virology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang Y, Yu F. Abnormal protein SUMOylation in liver disease: novel target for therapy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:719-731. [PMID: 38565749 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02440-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
SUMOylation is an important protein post-translational modification (PTM) process, in which the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protein covalently binds to the target protein and regulates stability, subcellular localization, and protein-protein interaction of the target protein. Protein SUMOylation exerts crucial regulatory function in the liver, and its abnormalities are associated with various liver-related disease processes. This review focuses on the biological functions of protein SUMOylation in liver-related diseases in recent years, summarizes the molecular mechanisms of SUMOylation in the replication of hepatitis viruses and the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma, and discusses the significance of SUMOylation in liver-related disorders, which is essential for understanding liver biological processes and formulating therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China.
| | - Fuxun Yu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu S, Li W, Chen J, Li M, Geng Y, Liu Y, Wu W. The footprint of gut microbiota in gallbladder cancer: a mechanistic review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1374238. [PMID: 38774627 PMCID: PMC11106419 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1374238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignant tumor of the biliary system with the worst prognosis. Even after radical surgery, the majority of patients with GBC have difficulty achieving a clinical cure. The risk of tumor recurrence remains more than 65%, and the overall 5-year survival rate is less than 5%. The gut microbiota refers to a variety of microorganisms living in the human intestine, including bacteria, viruses and fungi, which profoundly affect the host state of general health, disease and even cancer. Over the past few decades, substantial evidence has supported that gut microbiota plays a critical role in promoting the progression of GBC. In this review, we summarize the functions, molecular mechanisms and recent advances of the intestinal microbiota in GBC. We focus on the driving role of bacteria in pivotal pathways, such as virulence factors, metabolites derived from intestinal bacteria, chronic inflammatory responses and ecological niche remodeling. Additionally, we emphasize the high level of correlation between viruses and fungi, especially EBV and Candida spp., with GBC. In general, this review not only provides a solid theoretical basis for the close relationship between gut microbiota and GBC but also highlights more potential research directions for further research in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Liu
- Joint Program of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weijian Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Maolan Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajun Geng
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenguang Wu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Janjua D, Thakur K, Aggarwal N, Chaudhary A, Yadav J, Chhokar A, Tripathi T, Joshi U, Senrung A, Bharti AC. Prognostic and therapeutic potential of STAT3: Opportunities and challenges in targeting HPV-mediated cervical carcinogenesis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 197:104346. [PMID: 38608913 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CaCx) ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer among women globally. Persistent infection of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) is major etiological factor associated with CaCx. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), a prominent member of the STAT family, has emerged as independent oncogenic driver. It is a target of many oncogenic viruses including HPV. How STAT3 influences HPV viral gene expression or gets affected by HPV is an area of active investigation. A better understanding of host-virus interaction will provide a prognostic and therapeutic window for CaCx control and management. In this comprehensive review, we delve into carcinogenic role of STAT3 in development of HPV-induced CaCx. With an emphasis on fascinating interplay between STAT3 and HPV genome, the review explores the diverse array of opportunities and challenges associated with this field to harness the prognostic and therapeutic potential of STAT3 in CaCx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Janjua
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Kulbhushan Thakur
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Nikita Aggarwal
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Apoorva Chaudhary
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Joni Yadav
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Chhokar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India; Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tanya Tripathi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Udit Joshi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Anna Senrung
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India; Department of Zoology, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Alok Chandra Bharti
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Contreras A, Sánchez SA, Rodríguez-Medina C, Botero JE. The role and impact of viruses on cancer development. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38641954 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
This review focuses on three major aspects of oncoviruses' role in cancer development. To begin, we discuss their geographic distribution, revealing that seven oncoviruses cause 20% of all human cancers worldwide. Second, we investigate the primary carcinogenic mechanisms, looking at how these oncogenic viruses can induce cellular transformation, angiogenesis, and local and systemic inflammation. Finally, we investigate the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection reactivating latent oncoviruses, which could increase the risk of further disease. The development of oncovirus vaccines holds great promise for reducing cancer burden. Many unanswered questions about the host and environmental cofactors that contribute to cancer development and prevention remain, which ongoing research is attempting to address.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Amaya Sánchez
- Advanced Periodontology Program, Escuela de Odontología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Göttig L, Jummer S, Staehler L, Groitl P, Karimi M, Blanchette P, Kosulin K, Branton PE, Schreiner S. The human adenovirus PI3K-Akt activator E4orf1 is targeted by the tumor suppressor p53. J Virol 2024; 98:e0170123. [PMID: 38451084 PMCID: PMC11019960 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01701-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are classified as DNA tumor viruses due to their potential to mediate oncogenic transformation in non-permissive mammalian cells and certain human stem cells. To achieve transformation, the viral early proteins of the E1 and E4 regions must block apoptosis and activate proliferation: the former predominantly through modulating the cellular tumor suppressor p53 and the latter by activating cellular pro-survival and pro-metabolism protein cascades, such as the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K-Akt) pathway, which is activated by HAdV E4orf1. Focusing on HAdV-C5, we show that E4orf1 is necessary and sufficient to stimulate Akt activation through phosphorylation in H1299 cells, which is not only hindered but repressed during HAdV-C5 infection with a loss of E4orf1 function in p53-positive A549 cells. Contrary to other research, E4orf1 localized not only in the common, cytoplasmic PI3K-Akt-containing compartment, but also in distinct nuclear aggregates. We identified a novel inhibitory mechanism, where p53 selectively targeted E4orf1 to destabilize it, also stalling E4orf1-dependent Akt phosphorylation. Co-IP and immunofluorescence studies showed that p53 and E4orf1 interact, and since p53 is bound by the HAdV-C5 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, we also identified E4orf1 as a novel factor interacting with E1B-55K and E4orf6 during infection; overexpression of E4orf1 led to less-efficient E3 ubiquitin ligase-mediated proteasomal degradation of p53. We hypothesize that p53 specifically subverts the pro-survival function of E4orf1-mediated PI3K-Akt activation to protect the cell from metabolic hyper-activation or even transformation.IMPORTANCEHuman adenoviruses (HAdV) are nearly ubiquitous pathogens comprising numerous subtypes that infect various tissues and organs. Among many encoded proteins that facilitate viral replication and subversion of host cellular processes, the viral E4orf1 protein has emerged as an intriguing yet under-investigated player in the complex interplay between the virus and its host. Nonetheless, E4orf1 has gained attention as a metabolism activator and oncogenic agent, while recent research is showing that E4orf1 may play a more important role in modulating the cellular pathways such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt-mTOR. Our study reveals a novel and general impact of E4orf1 on host mechanisms, providing a novel basis for innovative antiviral strategies in future therapeutic settings. Ongoing investigations of the cellular pathways modulated by HAdV are of great interest, particularly since adenovirus-based vectors actually serve as vaccine or gene vectors. HAdV constitute an ideal model system to analyze the underlying molecular principles of virus-induced tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Göttig
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Jummer
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luisa Staehler
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Groitl
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maryam Karimi
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paola Blanchette
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karin Kosulin
- Molecular Microbiology, Children’s Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philip E. Branton
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sabrina Schreiner
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (Resolving Infection Susceptibility; EXC 2155), Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Martínez-López MF, Muslin C, Kyriakidis NC. STINGing Defenses: Unmasking the Mechanisms of DNA Oncovirus-Mediated Immune Escape. Viruses 2024; 16:574. [PMID: 38675916 PMCID: PMC11054469 DOI: 10.3390/v16040574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA oncoviruses represent an intriguing subject due to their involvement in oncogenesis. These viruses have evolved mechanisms to manipulate the host immune response, facilitating their persistence and actively contributing to carcinogenic processes. This paper describes the complex interactions between DNA oncoviruses and the innate immune system, with a particular emphasis on the cGAS-STING pathway. Exploring these interactions highlights that DNA oncoviruses strategically target and subvert this pathway, exploiting its vulnerabilities for their own survival and proliferation within the host. Understanding these interactions lays the foundation for identifying potential therapeutic interventions. Herein, we sought to contribute to the ongoing efforts in advancing our understanding of the innate immune system in oncoviral pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayra F Martínez-López
- Cancer Research Group (CRG), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de las Américas, Quito 170503, Ecuador;
| | - Claire Muslin
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de las Américas, Quito 170503, Ecuador;
| | - Nikolaos C. Kyriakidis
- Cancer Research Group (CRG), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de las Américas, Quito 170503, Ecuador;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Domma AJ, Henderson LA, Nurdin JA, Kamil JP. Uncloaking the viral glycocalyx: How do viruses exploit glycoimmune checkpoints? Adv Virus Res 2024; 119:63-110. [PMID: 38897709 PMCID: PMC11192240 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The surfaces of cells and enveloped viruses alike are coated in carbohydrates that play multifarious roles in infection and immunity. Organisms across all kingdoms of life make use of a diverse set of monosaccharide subunits, glycosidic linkages, and branching patterns to encode information within glycans. Accordingly, sugar-patterning enzymes and glycan binding proteins play integral roles in cell and organismal biology, ranging from glycoprotein quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum to lymphocyte migration, coagulation, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis. Unsurprisingly, genes involved in generating and recognizing oligosaccharide patterns are playgrounds for evolutionary conflicts that abound in cross-species interactions, exemplified by the myriad plant lectins that function as toxins. In vertebrates, glycans bearing acidic nine-carbon sugars called sialic acids are key regulators of immune responses. Various bacterial and fungal pathogens adorn their cells in sialic acids that either mimic their hosts' or are stolen from them. Yet, how viruses commandeer host sugar-patterning enzymes to thwart immune responses remains poorly studied. Here, we review examples of viruses that interact with sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs), a family of immune cell receptors that regulate toll-like receptor signaling and govern glycoimmune checkpoints, while highlighting knowledge gaps that merit investigation. Efforts to illuminate how viruses leverage glycan-dependent checkpoints may translate into new clinical treatments that uncloak viral antigens and infected cell surfaces by removing or masking immunosuppressive sialoglycans, or by inhibiting viral gene products that induce their biosynthesis. Such approaches may hold the potential to unleash the immune system to clear long intractable chronic viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Domma
- LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | | | - Jeffery A Nurdin
- LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Jeremy P Kamil
- LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yu Y, Liu S, Yang L, Song P, Liu Z, Liu X, Yan X, Dong Q. Roles of reactive oxygen species in inflammation and cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e519. [PMID: 38576456 PMCID: PMC10993368 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) constitute a spectrum of oxygenic metabolites crucial in modulating pathological organism functions. Disruptions in ROS equilibrium span various diseases, and current insights suggest a dual role for ROS in tumorigenesis and the immune response within cancer. This review rigorously examines ROS production and its role in normal cells, elucidating the subsequent regulatory network in inflammation and cancer. Comprehensive synthesis details the documented impacts of ROS on diverse immune cells. Exploring the intricate relationship between ROS and cancer immunity, we highlight its influence on existing immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint blockade, chimeric antigen receptors, and cancer vaccines. Additionally, we underscore the promising prospects of utilizing ROS and targeting ROS modulators as novel immunotherapeutic interventions for cancer. This review discusses the complex interplay between ROS, inflammation, and tumorigenesis, emphasizing the multifaceted functions of ROS in both physiological and pathological conditions. It also underscores the potential implications of ROS in cancer immunotherapy and suggests future research directions, including the development of targeted therapies and precision oncology approaches. In summary, this review emphasizes the significance of understanding ROS-mediated mechanisms for advancing cancer therapy and developing personalized treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Yu
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shengzhuo Liu
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Luchen Yang
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Pan Song
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhenghuan Liu
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang Y, Xu Y, Deng Y, Yang L, Wang D, Yang Z, Zhang Y. Computational identification and experimental verification of a novel signature based on SARS-CoV-2-related genes for predicting prognosis, immune microenvironment and therapeutic strategies in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1366928. [PMID: 38601163 PMCID: PMC11004994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1366928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Early research indicates that cancer patients are more vulnerable to adverse outcomes and mortality when infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Nonetheless, the specific attributes of SARS-CoV-2 in lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have not been extensively and methodically examined. Methods We acquired 322 SARS-CoV-2 infection-related genes (CRGs) from the Human Protein Atlas database. Using an integrative machine learning approach with 10 algorithms, we developed a SARS-CoV-2 score (Cov-2S) signature across The Cancer Genome Atlas and datasets GSE72094, GSE68465, and GSE31210. Comprehensive multi-omics analysis, including assessments of genetic mutations and copy number variations, was conducted to deepen our understanding of the prognosis signature. We also analyzed the response of different Cov-2S subgroups to immunotherapy and identified targeted drugs for these subgroups, advancing personalized medicine strategies. The expression of Cov-2S genes was confirmed through qRT-PCR, with GGH emerging as a critical gene for further functional studies to elucidate its role in LUAD. Results Out of 34 differentially expressed CRGs identified, 16 correlated with overall survival. We utilized 10 machine learning algorithms, creating 101 combinations, and selected the RFS as the optimal algorithm for constructing a Cov-2S based on the average C-index across four cohorts. This was achieved after integrating several essential clinicopathological features and 58 established signatures. We observed significant differences in biological functions and immune cell statuses within the tumor microenvironments of high and low Cov-2S groups. Notably, patients with a lower Cov-2S showed enhanced sensitivity to immunotherapy. We also identified five potential drugs targeting Cov-2S. In vitro experiments revealed a significant upregulation of GGH in LUAD, and its knockdown markedly inhibited tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Conclusion Our research has pioneered the development of a consensus Cov-2S signature by employing an innovative approach with 10 machine learning algorithms for LUAD. Cov-2S reliably forecasts the prognosis, mirrors the tumor's local immune condition, and supports clinical decision-making in tumor therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, China
- Pathogenic Microbiology and Clinical Immunology Key Laboratory of Deyang City, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunfei Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuqin Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Jianyang People's Hospital, Jianyang, China
| | - Liqiong Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, China
- Pathogenic Microbiology and Clinical Immunology Key Laboratory of Deyang City, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Dengchao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, China
- Pathogenic Microbiology and Clinical Immunology Key Laboratory of Deyang City, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhizhen Yang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Quek ZBR, Ng SH. Hybrid-Capture Target Enrichment in Human Pathogens: Identification, Evolution, Biosurveillance, and Genomic Epidemiology. Pathogens 2024; 13:275. [PMID: 38668230 PMCID: PMC11054155 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing (HTS) has revolutionised the field of pathogen genomics, enabling the direct recovery of pathogen genomes from clinical and environmental samples. However, pathogen nucleic acids are often overwhelmed by those of the host, requiring deep metagenomic sequencing to recover sufficient sequences for downstream analyses (e.g., identification and genome characterisation). To circumvent this, hybrid-capture target enrichment (HC) is able to enrich pathogen nucleic acids across multiple scales of divergences and taxa, depending on the panel used. In this review, we outline the applications of HC in human pathogens-bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses-including identification, genomic epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance genotyping, and evolution. Importantly, we explored the applicability of HC to clinical metagenomics, which ultimately requires more work before it is a reliable and accurate tool for clinical diagnosis. Relatedly, the utility of HC was exemplified by COVID-19, which was used as a case study to illustrate the maturity of HC for recovering pathogen sequences. As we unravel the origins of COVID-19, zoonoses remain more relevant than ever. Therefore, the role of HC in biosurveillance studies is also highlighted in this review, which is critical in preparing us for the next pandemic. We also found that while HC is a popular tool to study viruses, it remains underutilised in parasites and fungi and, to a lesser extent, bacteria. Finally, weevaluated the future of HC with respect to bait design in the eukaryotic groups and the prospect of combining HC with long-read HTS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z. B. Randolph Quek
- Defence Medical & Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore 117510, Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dong W, Wang H, Li M, Li P, Ji S. Virus-induced host genomic remodeling dysregulates gene expression, triggering tumorigenesis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1359766. [PMID: 38572321 PMCID: PMC10987825 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1359766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Virus-induced genomic remodeling and altered gene expression contribute significantly to cancer development. Some oncogenic viruses such as Human papillomavirus (HPV) specifically trigger certain cancers by integrating into the host's DNA, disrupting gene regulation linked to cell growth and migration. The effect can be through direct integration of viral genomes into the host genome or through indirect modulation of host cell pathways/proteins by viral proteins. Viral proteins also disrupt key cellular processes like apoptosis and DNA repair by interacting with host molecules, affecting signaling pathways. These disruptions lead to mutation accumulation and tumorigenesis. This review focuses on recent studies exploring virus-mediated genomic structure, altered gene expression, and epigenetic modifications in tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Dong
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huiqin Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Menghui Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shaoping Ji
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
El Baba R, Herbein G. EZH2-Myc Hallmark in Oncovirus/Cytomegalovirus Infections and Cytomegalovirus' Resemblance to Oncoviruses. Cells 2024; 13:541. [PMID: 38534385 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Approximately 15-20% of global cancer cases are attributed to virus infections. Oncoviruses employ various molecular strategies to enhance replication and persistence. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), acting as an initiator or promoter, enables immune evasion, supporting tumor growth. HCMV activates pro-oncogenic pathways within infected cells and direct cellular transformation. Thus, HCMV demonstrates characteristics reminiscent of oncoviruses. Cumulative evidence emphasizes the crucial roles of EZH2 and Myc in oncogenesis and stemness. EZH2 and Myc, pivotal regulators of cellular processes, gain significance in the context of oncoviruses and HCMV infections. This axis becomes a central focus for comprehending the mechanisms driving virus-induced oncogenesis. Elevated EZH2 expression is evident in various cancers, making it a prospective target for cancer therapy. On the other hand, Myc, deregulated in over 50% of human cancers, serves as a potent transcription factor governing cellular processes and contributing to tumorigenesis; Myc activates EZH2 expression and induces global gene expression. The Myc/EZH2 axis plays a critical role in promoting tumor growth in oncoviruses. Considering that HCMV has been shown to manipulate the Myc/EZH2 axis, there is emerging evidence suggesting that HCMV could be regarded as a potential oncovirus due to its ability to exploit this critical pathway implicated in tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranim El Baba
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB EA4266, University of Franche-Comté UFC, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Georges Herbein
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB EA4266, University of Franche-Comté UFC, 25000 Besançon, France
- Department of Virology, CHU Besançon, 25030 Besançon, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shen S, Pan L. Effect of metabolic dysfunction‑associated fatty liver disease on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:99. [PMID: 38356666 PMCID: PMC10865444 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains an important complication in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). An association between the presence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and an increased HCC risk in patients with CHB may exist; however, the exact nature of this possible association remains unclear. The present study conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis by pooling data from 18 studies encompassing 23,927 participants. The odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using a random-effects inverse-variance model, and heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test and the I² statistic. In addition, subgroup analyses were performed on the basis of geographical region, study design and follow-up length. Publication bias and meta-regression were also assessed. The overall pooled OR for the association between MAFLD and HCC risk in patients with CHB was 1.053 (95% CI, 0.704-1.576), which suggested a lack of association. Heterogeneity was observed across studies. Subgroup analyses demonstrated a potentially protective effect for MAFLD on the risk of HCC in patients in Asian countries (OR, 0.783; 95% CI, 0.568-1.080) and the opposite effect in other regions (OR, 4.380; 95% CI, 2.440-7.864). Analysis of the prospective cohort studies suggested a significant protective effect for MAFLD (OR, 0.479; 95% CI, 0.365-0.629), while analysis of retrospective cohorts did not. The publication bias assessment was inconclusive and the meta-regression failed to identify heterogeneity sources. The association between MAFLD and HCC risk in patients with CHB appeared to be multifactorial and may vary on the basis of geographical region and study design. While the exact mechanisms remain elusive, the potential protective effect demonstrated in certain subgroups warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sixing Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, P.R. China
| | - Lingyan Pan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chung IY, Kim J, Koh A. The Microbiome Matters: Its Impact on Cancer Development and Therapeutic Responses. J Microbiol 2024; 62:137-152. [PMID: 38587593 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
In the evolving landscape of cancer research, the human microbiome emerges as a pivotal determinant reshaping our understanding of tumorigenesis and therapeutic responses. Advanced sequencing technologies have uncovered a vibrant microbial community not confined to the gut but thriving within tumor tissues. Comprising bacteria, viruses, and fungi, this diverse microbiota displays distinct signatures across various cancers, with most research primarily focusing on bacteria. The correlations between specific microbial taxa within different cancer types underscore their pivotal roles in driving tumorigenesis and influencing therapeutic responses, particularly in chemotherapy and immunotherapy. This review amalgamates recent discoveries, emphasizing the translocation of the oral microbiome to the gut as a potential marker for microbiome dysbiosis across diverse cancer types and delves into potential mechanisms contributing to cancer promotion. Furthermore, it highlights the adverse effects of the microbiome on cancer development while exploring its potential in fortifying strategies for cancer prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Young Chung
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ara Koh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dutta S, Ganguly A, Ghosh Roy S. An Overview of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and Autophagy Pathways in Human Viral Oncogenesis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 386:81-131. [PMID: 38782502 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy and Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) can be regarded as the safe keepers of cells exposed to intense stress. Autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis, ensuring the removal of foreign particles and misfolded macromolecules from the cytoplasm and facilitating the return of the building blocks into the system. On the other hand, UPR serves as a shock response to prolonged stress, especially Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (ERS), which also includes the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER. Since one of the many effects of viral infection on the host cell machinery is the hijacking of the host translational system, which leaves in its wake a plethora of misfolded proteins in the ER, it is perhaps not surprising that UPR and autophagy are common occurrences in infected cells, tissues, and patient samples. In this book chapter, we try to emphasize how UPR, and autophagy are significant in infections caused by six major oncolytic viruses-Epstein-Barr (EBV), Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Human Herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV-1), and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). Here, we document how whole-virus infection or overexpression of individual viral proteins in vitro and in vivo models can regulate the different branches of UPR and the various stages of macro autophagy. As is true with other viral infections, the relationship is complicated because the same virus (or the viral protein) exerts different effects on UPR and Autophagy. The nature of this response is determined by the cell types, or in some cases, the presence of diverse extracellular stimuli. The vice versa is equally valid, i.e., UPR and autophagy exhibit both anti-tumor and pro-tumor properties based on the cell type and other factors like concentrations of different metabolites. Thus, we have tried to coherently summarize the existing knowledge, the crux of which can hopefully be harnessed to design vaccines and therapies targeted at viral carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shovan Dutta
- Center for Immunotherapy & Precision Immuno-Oncology (CITI), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Anirban Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sounak Ghosh Roy
- Henry M Jackson for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Isaguliants MG, Ivanov AV, Buonaguro FM. Chronic Viral Infections and Cancer, Openings for Therapies and Vaccines. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:818. [PMID: 38398209 PMCID: PMC10886681 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Infections are responsible for approximately one out of six cases of cancer worldwide [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Isaguliants
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Alexander V. Ivanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Franco M. Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cao Y, Xia H, Tan X, Shi C, Ma Y, Meng D, Zhou M, Lv Z, Wang S, Jin Y. Intratumoural microbiota: a new frontier in cancer development and therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:15. [PMID: 38195689 PMCID: PMC10776793 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Human microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, play key roles in several physiological and pathological processes. Some studies discovered that tumour tissues once considered sterile actually host a variety of microorganisms, which have been confirmed to be closely related to oncogenesis. The concept of intratumoural microbiota was subsequently proposed. Microbiota could colonise tumour tissues through mucosal destruction, adjacent tissue migration, and hematogenic invasion and affect the biological behaviour of tumours as an important part of the tumour microenvironment. Mechanistic studies have demonstrated that intratumoural microbiota potentially promote the initiation and progression of tumours by inducing genomic instability and mutations, affecting epigenetic modifications, promoting inflammation response, avoiding immune destruction, regulating metabolism, and activating invasion and metastasis. Since more comprehensive and profound insights about intratumoral microbiota are continuously emerging, new methods for the early diagnosis and prognostic assessment of cancer patients have been under examination. In addition, interventions based on intratumoural microbiota show great potential to open a new chapter in antitumour therapy, especially immunotherapy, although there are some inevitable challenges. Here, we aim to provide an extensive review of the concept, development history, potential sources, heterogeneity, and carcinogenic mechanisms of intratumoural microorganisms, explore the potential role of microorganisms in tumour prognosis, and discuss current antitumour treatment regimens that target intratumoural microorganisms and the research prospects and limitations in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumour-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumour-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Xueyun Tan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumour-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Chunwei Shi
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Yanling Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Daquan Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Zhilei Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Sufei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumour-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumour-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ye R, Wang A, Bu B, Luo P, Deng W, Zhang X, Yin S. Viral oncogenes, viruses, and cancer: a third-generation sequencing perspective on viral integration into the human genome. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1333812. [PMID: 38188304 PMCID: PMC10768168 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1333812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The link between viruses and cancer has intrigued scientists for decades. Certain viruses have been shown to be vital in the development of various cancers by integrating viral DNA into the host genome and activating viral oncogenes. These viruses include the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Hepatitis B and C Viruses (HBV and HCV), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), and Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV-1), which are all linked to the development of a myriad of human cancers. Third-generation sequencing technologies have revolutionized our ability to study viral integration events at unprecedented resolution in recent years. They offer long sequencing capabilities along with the ability to map viral integration sites, assess host gene expression, and track clonal evolution in cancer cells. Recently, researchers have been exploring the application of Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) nanopore sequencing and Pacific BioSciences (PacBio) single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing in cancer research. As viral integration is crucial to the development of cancer via viruses, third-generation sequencing would provide a novel approach to studying the relationship interlinking viral oncogenes, viruses, and cancer. This review article explores the molecular mechanisms underlying viral oncogenesis, the role of viruses in cancer development, and the impact of third-generation sequencing on our understanding of viral integration into the human genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruichen Ye
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Einstein Pathology Single-cell & Bioinformatics Laboratory, Bronx, NY, United States
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Angelina Wang
- Tufts Friedman School of Nutrition, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brady Bu
- Horace Mann School, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Pengxiang Luo
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjun Deng
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shanye Yin
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Einstein Pathology Single-cell & Bioinformatics Laboratory, Bronx, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Desai S. Influence of pathogens on host genome and epigenome in development of head and neck cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1846. [PMID: 37322598 PMCID: PMC10644332 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cancer (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous group of cancers, affecting multiple regions such as oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and nasal region, each showing a distinct molecular profile. HNSCC accounts for more than 6 million cases worldwide, soaring mainly in the developing countries. RECENT FINDINGS The aetiology of HNSCC is complex and multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental factors. The critical role of microbiome, which includes bacteria, viruses, and fungi, is under spotlight due to the recent reports on their contribution in the development and progression of HNSCC. This review focuses on the effect of opportunistic pathogens on the host genome and epigenome, which contributes to the disease progression. Drawing parallels from the host-pathogen interactions observed in other tumour types arising from the epithelial tissue such as colorectal cancer, the review also calls attention to the potential explorations of the role of pathogens in HNSCC biology and discusses the clinical implications of microbiome research in detection and treatment of HNSCC. CONCLUSION Our understanding of the genomic effects of the microbes on the disease progression and the mechanistic insights of the host-pathogen interaction will pave way to novel treatment and preventive approaches in HNSCC.
Collapse
|
35
|
Montaño MA, Mtisi T, Ndlovu N, Borok M, Bula A, Joffe M, Bender Ignacio R, Chagomerana MB. Characterizing HIV status documentation among cancer patients at regional cancer centers in Malawi, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. Infect Agent Cancer 2023; 18:65. [PMID: 37884958 PMCID: PMC10604780 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-023-00548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In East and Southern Africa, people with HIV (PWH) experience worse cancer-related outcomes and are at higher risk of developing certain cancers. Siloed care delivery pathways pose a substantial barrier to co-management of HIV and cancer care delivery. METHODS We conducted cross-sectional studies of adult cancer patients at public radiotherapy and oncology units in Malawi (Kamuzu Central Hospital), Zimbabwe (Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals), and South Africa (Charlotte Maxeke Hospital) between 2018 and 2019. We abstracted cancer- and HIV-related data from new cancer patient records and used Poisson regression with robust variance to identify patient characteristics associated with HIV documentation. RESULTS We included 1,648 records from Malawi (median age 46 years), 1,044 records from South Africa (median age 55 years), and 1,135 records from Zimbabwe (median age 52 years). Records from all three sites were predominately from female patients; the most common cancers were cervical (Malawi [29%] and Zimbabwe [43%]) and breast (South Africa [87%]). HIV status was documented in 22% of cancer records from Malawi, 92% from South Africa, and 86% from Zimbabwe. Patients with infection-related cancers were more likely to have HIV status documented in Malawi (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.56-2.38) and Zimbabwe (aPR: 1.16, 95%CI: 1.10-1.22). Patients aged ≥ 60 years were less likely to have HIV status documented (Malawi: aPR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.50-0.87; Zimbabwe: aPR: 0.76, 95%CI: 0.72-0.81) than patients under age 40 years. Patient age and cancer type were not associated with HIV status documentation in South Africa. CONCLUSION Different cancer centers have different gaps in HIV status documentation and will require tailored strategies to improve processes for ascertaining and recording HIV-related information in cancer records. Further research by our consortium to identify opportunities for integrating HIV and cancer care delivery is underway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michalina A Montaño
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Seattle, USA.
| | - Takudzwa Mtisi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Ntokozo Ndlovu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Margaret Borok
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Maureen Joffe
- Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rachel Bender Ignacio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Seattle, USA
| | - Maganizo B Chagomerana
- UNC Project Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Minarovits J. Human tumor viruses: induction of three-dimensional alterations in the host genome structure. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1280210. [PMID: 37928671 PMCID: PMC10620758 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1280210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain viruses called tumor viruses or oncoviruses are capable to change the gene expression pattern of distinct human or animal cell types in tissue culture, resulting in uncontrolled proliferation as well as a change in the social behavior of the infected cells: the oncovirus-transformed, immortalized cells are capable to form malignant neoplasms in suitable animal models. At present, seven human viruses are categorized as causative agents of distinct human malignancies. The genomes of human tumor viruses, typically encode viral oncoproteins and non- translated viral RNAs that affect the gene expression pattern of their target cells or induce genetic and epigenetic alterations contributing to oncogenesis. Recently, the application of chromatin conformation capture technologies and three-dimensional (3D) molecular imaging techniques revealed how the gene products or genomes of certain human tumor viruses interact with and induce alterations in the 3D host genome structure. This Mini Review aims to cover selected aspects of these developments. The papers, discussed briefly, describe how insertion of a novel viral binding site for the 3D genome organizer cellular protein CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) into the DNA of T cells infected by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) may contribute to lymphomagenesis, as well as how integration of high risk human papillomavirus genome into the host cell DNA may facilitate cervical carcinogenesis. Recent results regarding the interactions of cellular genomes with the episomal, chromatinized DNA genomes of oncogenic human herpesvirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) will also be summarized, similarly to available data regarding contacts formed by episomal or integrated hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA with host chromatin. Finally, a putative mechanism of hepatitis C virus (HCV) induced chromatin alterations will be presented, which may solve the riddle, how a cytoplasmic RNA virus without a viral oncogene could induce malingnant transfrormation of hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janos Minarovits
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Schorr L, Mathies M, Elinav E, Puschhof J. Intracellular bacteria in cancer-prospects and debates. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:76. [PMID: 37813921 PMCID: PMC10562400 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that some human cancers may harbor low-biomass microbial ecosystems, spanning bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Bacteria, the most-studied kingdom in this context, are suggested by these studies to localize within cancer cells, immune cells and other tumor microenvironment cell types, where they are postulated to impact multiple cancer-related functions. Herein, we provide an overview of intratumoral bacteria, while focusing on intracellular bacteria, their suggested molecular activities, communication networks, host invasion and evasion strategies, and long-term colonization capacity. We highlight how the integration of sequencing-based and spatial techniques may enable the recognition of bacterial tumor niches. We discuss pitfalls, debates and challenges in decisively proving the existence and function of intratumoral microbes, while reaching a mechanistic elucidation of their impacts on tumor behavior and treatment responses. Together, a causative understanding of possible roles played by intracellular bacteria in cancer may enable their future utilization in diagnosis, patient stratification, and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Schorr
- Microbiome and Cancer Division, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marius Mathies
- Microbiome and Cancer Division, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eran Elinav
- Microbiome and Cancer Division, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
| | - Jens Puschhof
- Microbiome and Cancer Division, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liu Q, Huang J, Yan W, Liu Z, Liu S, Fang W. FGFR families: biological functions and therapeutic interventions in tumors. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e367. [PMID: 37750089 PMCID: PMC10518040 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There are five fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), namely, FGFR1-FGFR5. When FGFR binds to its ligand, namely, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), it dimerizes and autophosphorylates, thereby activating several key downstream pathways that play an important role in normal physiology, such as the Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, phospholipase C gamma/diacylglycerol/protein kinase c, and signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways. Furthermore, as an oncogene, FGFR genetic alterations were found in 7.1% of tumors, and these alterations include gene amplification, gene mutations, gene fusions or rearrangements. Therefore, FGFR amplification, mutations, rearrangements, or fusions are considered as potential biomarkers of FGFR therapeutic response for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, it is worth noting that with increased use, resistance to TKIs inevitably develops, such as the well-known gatekeeper mutations. Thus, overcoming the development of drug resistance becomes a serious problem. This review mainly outlines the FGFR family functions, related pathways, and therapeutic agents in tumors with the aim of obtaining better outcomes for cancer patients with FGFR changes. The information provided in this review may provide additional therapeutic ideas for tumor patients with FGFR abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jiyu Huang
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Weiwei Yan
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhen Liu
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and DegradationBasic School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Breast SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ameya G, Birri DJ. The molecular mechanisms of virus-induced human cancers. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106292. [PMID: 37557930 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a serious public health problem globally. Many human cancers are induced by viruses. Understanding of the mechanisms by which oncogenic (tumorigenic) viruses induce cancer is essential in the prevention and control of cancer. This review covers comprehensive characteristics and molecular mechanisms of the main virus-attributed cancers caused by human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus type 8, human T-cell lymphotropic virus, human polyomaviruses, Merkel cell polyomavirus, and HIV. Oncogenic viruses employ biological processes to replicate and avoid detection by host cell immune systems. Tumorigenic infectious agents activate oncogenes in a variety of ways, allowing the pathogen to block host tumour suppressor proteins, inhibit apoptosis, enhance cell proliferation, and promote invasion of host cells. Furthermore, this review assesses many pathways of viruses linked to cancer, including host cellular communication perturbation, DNA damage mechanisms, immunity, and microRNA targets that promote the beginning and progression of cancer. The current cancer prevention is primarily focused on non-communicable diseases, but infection-attributable cancer also needs attention to significantly reduce the rising cancer burden and related deaths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemechu Ameya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dagim Jirata Birri
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pu T, Peddle A, Zhu J, Tejpar S, Verbandt S. Neoantigen identification: Technological advances and challenges. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 183:265-302. [PMID: 38548414 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Neoantigens have emerged as promising targets for cutting-edge immunotherapies, such as cancer vaccines and adoptive cell therapy. These neoantigens are unique to tumors and arise exclusively from somatic mutations or non-genomic aberrations in tumor proteins. They encompass a wide range of alterations, including genomic mutations, post-transcriptomic variants, and viral oncoproteins. With the advancements in technology, the identification of immunogenic neoantigens has seen rapid progress, raising new opportunities for enhancing their clinical significance. Prediction of neoantigens necessitates the acquisition of high-quality samples and sequencing data, followed by mutation calling. Subsequently, the pipeline involves integrating various tools that can predict the expression, processing, binding, and recognition potential of neoantigens. However, the continuous improvement of computational tools is constrained by the availability of datasets which contain validated immunogenic neoantigens. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge as well as limitations in neoantigen prediction and validation. Additionally, it delves into the origin and biological role of neoantigens, offering a deeper understanding of their significance in the field of cancer immunotherapy. This article thus seeks to contribute to the ongoing efforts to harness neoantigens as powerful weapons in the fight against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Pu
- Digestive Oncology Unit, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jingjing Zhu
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Montaño MA, Mtisi T, Ndlovu N, Borok M, Bula A, Joffe M, Ignacio RB, Chagomerana MB. Characterizing HIV status documentation among cancer patients at regional cancer centers in Malawi, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.04.23294963. [PMID: 37732230 PMCID: PMC10508813 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.04.23294963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction In East and Southern Africa, people with HIV (PWH) experience worse cancer-related outcomes and are at higher risk of developing certain cancers. Siloed care delivery pathways pose a substantial barrier to co-management of HIV and cancer care delivery. Methods We conducted cross-sectional studies of adult cancer patients at public radiotherapy and oncology units in Malawi (Kamuzu Central Hospital), Zimbabwe (Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals), and South Africa (Charlotte Maxeke Hospital) between 2018-2019. We abstracted cancer- and HIV-related data from new cancer patient records and used Poisson regression with robust variance to identify patient characteristics associated with HIV documentation. Results We included 1,648 records from Malawi (median age 46 years), 1,044 records from South Africa (median age 55 years), and 1,135 records from Zimbabwe (median age 52 years). Records from all three sites were predominately from female patients; the most common cancers were cervical (Malawi [29%] and Zimbabwe [43%]) and breast (South Africa [87%]). HIV status was documented in 22% of cancer records from Malawi, 92% from South Africa, and 86% from Zimbabwe. Patients with infection-related cancers were more likely to have HIV status documented in Malawi (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.56-2.38) and Zimbabwe (aPR: 1.16, 95%CI: 1.10-1.22). Patients aged ≥60 years were less likely to have HIV status documented (Malawi: aPR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.50-0.87; Zimbabwe: aPR: 0.76, 95%CI: 0.72-0.81) than patients under age 40 years. Patient age and cancer type were not associated with HIV status documentation in South Africa. Conclusion Different cancer centers have different gaps in HIV status documentation and will require tailored strategies to improve processes for ascertaining and recording HIV-related information in cancer records. Further research by our consortium to identify opportunities for integrating HIV and cancer care delivery is underway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michalina A Montaño
- University of Washington, Department of Global Health
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division
| | - Takudzwa Mtisi
- University of Zimbabwe, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
| | - Ntokozo Ndlovu
- University of Zimbabwe, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
| | - Margaret Borok
- University of Zimbabwe, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
| | | | - Maureen Joffe
- University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit
| | - Rachel Bender Ignacio
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ahmed K, Jha S. Oncoviruses: How do they hijack their host and current treatment regimes. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188960. [PMID: 37507056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Viruses have the ability to modulate the cellular machinery of their host to ensure their survival. While humans encounter numerous viruses daily, only a select few can lead to disease progression. Some of these viruses can amplify cancer-related traits, particularly when coupled with factors like immunosuppression and co-carcinogens. The global burden of cancer development resulting from viral infections is approximately 12%, and it arises as an unfortunate consequence of persistent infections that cause chronic inflammation, genomic instability from viral genome integration, and dysregulation of tumor suppressor genes and host oncogenes involved in normal cell growth. This review provides an in-depth discussion of oncoviruses and their strategies for hijacking the host's cellular machinery to induce cancer. It delves into how viral oncogenes drive tumorigenesis by targeting key cell signaling pathways. Additionally, the review discusses current therapeutic approaches that have been approved or are undergoing clinical trials to combat malignancies induced by oncoviruses. Understanding the intricate interactions between viruses and host cells can lead to the development of more effective treatments for virus-induced cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kainat Ahmed
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Sudhakar Jha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chowdhary S, Deka R, Panda K, Kumar R, Solomon AD, Das J, Kanoujiya S, Gupta AK, Sinha S, Ruokolainen J, Kesari KK, Gupta PK. Recent Updates on Viral Oncogenesis: Available Preventive and Therapeutic Entities. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:3698-3740. [PMID: 37486263 PMCID: PMC10410670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Human viral oncogenesis is a complex phenomenon and a major contributor to the global cancer burden. Several recent findings revealed cellular and molecular pathways that promote the development and initiation of malignancy when viruses cause an infection. Even, antiviral treatment has become an approach to eliminate the viral infections and prevent the activation of oncogenesis. Therefore, for a better understanding, the molecular pathogenesis of various oncogenic viruses like, hepatitis virus, human immunodeficiency viral (HIV), human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), could be explored, especially, to expand many potent antivirals that may escalate the apoptosis of infected malignant cells while sparing normal and healthy ones. Moreover, contemporary therapies, such as engineered antibodies antiviral agents targeting signaling pathways and cell biomarkers, could inhibit viral oncogenesis. This review elaborates the recent advancements in both natural and synthetic antivirals to control viral oncogenesis. The study also highlights the challenges and future perspectives of using antivirals in viral oncogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Chowdhary
- Department
of Industrial Microbiology, Sam Higginbottom
University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Rahul Deka
- Department
of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla
Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Kingshuk Panda
- Department
of Applied Microbiology, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Department
of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishikt David Solomon
- Department
of Molecular & Cellular Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jimli Das
- Centre
for
Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Dibrugarh
University, Assam 786004, India
| | - Supriya Kanoujiya
- School
of
Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Gupta
- Department
of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Somya Sinha
- Department
of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to
Be University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- Division
of Research and Development, Lovely Professional
University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department
of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department
of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to
Be University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
- Faculty
of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International
University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen C, Guo M, Zhao X, Zhao J, Chen L, He Z, Xu L, Zha Y. MicroRNA-7: A New Intervention Target for Inflammation and Related Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1185. [PMID: 37627250 PMCID: PMC10452300 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNA that can regulate physiological and pathological processes through post-transcriptional regulatory gene expression. As an important member of the miRNAs family, microRNA-7 (miR-7) was first discovered in 2001 to play an important regulatory role in tissue and organ development. Studies have shown that miR-7 participates in various tissue and organ development processes, tumorigenesis, aging, and other processes by regulating different target molecules. Notably, a series of recent studies have determined that miR-7 plays a key regulatory role in the occurrence of inflammation and related diseases. In particular, miR-7 can affect the immune response of the body by influencing T cell activation, macrophage function, dendritic cell (DC) maturation, inflammatory body activation, and other mechanisms, which has important potential application value in the intervention of related diseases. This article reviews the current regulatory role of miR-7 in inflammation and related diseases, including viral infection, autoimmune hepatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and encephalitis. It expounds on the molecular mechanism by which miR-7 regulates the occurrence of inflammatory diseases. Finally, the existing problems and future development directions of miR-7-based intervention on inflammation and related diseases are discussed to provide new references and help strengthen the understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammation and related diseases, as well as the development of new strategies for clinical intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Specifc Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Specifc Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Specifc Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Longqing Chen
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Specifc Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhixu He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Specifc Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yan Zha
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mo Q, Zhu W, Wu S. Editorial: Immune regulation and intervention in virus-related tumor development. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1217980. [PMID: 37545499 PMCID: PMC10400312 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1217980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Mo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Microbiome Medicine Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Guangdong Province, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Education of Basic Medical Sciences of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Microbiome Medicine Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Guangdong Province, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Education of Basic Medical Sciences of China, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wu JB, Li XJ, Liu H, Liu XP. Ring finger protein 215 is a potential prognostic biomarker involved in immune infiltration and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer. Biomed Rep 2023; 19:50. [PMID: 37383678 PMCID: PMC10293879 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognostic value of ring finger protein 215 (RNF215) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is unclear. Herein, the present study aimed to investigate the precise value of RNF215 based on CRC datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and clinical cases. CRC patient data was collected from TCGA and clinical samples from the Department of Pathology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University (Shanghai, China). Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the correlations between RNF215 and clinicopathological characteristics. The predictive value of RNF215 for the clinical outcome of CRC was determined using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA), and angiogenesis analysis were also conducted to investigate the biological role of RNF215. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to validate the results. The results of the present study confirmed that RNF215 protein expression was significantly associated with age, lymphatic invasion, and overall survival (OS). Univariate analysis showed that upregulation of RNF215 in CRC was significantly associated with age and lymphatic invasion. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that high RNF215 expression predicted poorer OS and disease-specific survival. A total of nine experimentally detected RNF215-binding proteins were identified with the STRING tool and Cytoscape software. GSEA suggested that RNF215 was associated with several important pathways involved in tumor occurrence, including the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes MAPK signaling pathway and the WikiPathway RAS signaling pathway. ssGSEA confirmed that RNF215 was significantly expressed in natural killer cells, CD8 T cells and T helper cells. Angiogenesis analysis revealed that numerous angiogenesis-related genes had the same expression trend as RNF215 in CRC. The immunostaining results indicated that RNF215 expression was significantly higher in CRC tissues than in corresponding normal tissues. In conclusion, increased RNF215 expression may be a potential molecular marker predictive of poor survival and a treatment target in CRC. In addition, RNF215 may participate in the formation of CRC through a variety of signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Bo Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jing Li
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fazlalipour M, Ghoreshi ZAS, Molaei HR, Arefinia N. The Role of DNA Viruses in Human Cancer. Cancer Inform 2023; 22:11769351231154186. [PMID: 37363356 PMCID: PMC10286548 DOI: 10.1177/11769351231154186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the possible involvement of infections-associated cancers in humans, with virus infections contributing 15% to 20% of total cancer cases in humans. DNA virus encoded proteins interact with host cellular signaling pathways and control proliferation, cell death and genomic integrity viral oncoproteins are known to bind cellular Deubiquitinates (DUBs) such as cyclindromatosis tumor suppressor, ubiquitin-specific proteases 7, 11, 15 and 20, and A-20 to improve their intracellular stability and cellular signaling pathways and finally transformation. Human papillomaviruses (cervical carcinoma, oral cancer and laryngeal cancer); human polyomaviruses (mesotheliomas, brain tumors); Epstein-Barr virus (B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases and nasopharyngeal carcinoma); Kaposi's Sarcoma Herpesvirus (Kaposi's Sarcoma and primary effusion lymphomas); hepatitis B (hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)) cause up to 20% of malignancies around the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Fazlalipour
- WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Rabies, Pasteur Institute of Iran (IPI), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran (IPI), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Reza Molaei
- Department of Medical Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nasir Arefinia
- Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
MacLennan SA, Marra MA. Oncogenic Viruses and the Epigenome: How Viruses Hijack Epigenetic Mechanisms to Drive Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119543. [PMID: 37298494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, viral infections substantially contribute to cancer development. Oncogenic viruses are taxonomically heterogeneous and drive cancers using diverse strategies, including epigenomic dysregulation. Here, we discuss how oncogenic viruses disrupt epigenetic homeostasis to drive cancer and focus on how virally mediated dysregulation of host and viral epigenomes impacts the hallmarks of cancer. To illustrate the relationship between epigenetics and viral life cycles, we describe how epigenetic changes facilitate the human papillomavirus (HPV) life cycle and how changes to this process can spur malignancy. We also highlight the clinical impact of virally mediated epigenetic changes on cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Signe A MacLennan
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Costanzo M, De Giglio MAR, Roviello GN. Deciphering the Relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097803. [PMID: 37175509 PMCID: PMC10178366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Some viruses are known to be associated with the onset of specific cancers. These microorganisms, oncogenic viruses or oncoviruses, can convert normal cells into cancer cells by modulating the central metabolic pathways or hampering genomic integrity mechanisms, consequently inhibiting the apoptotic machinery and/or enhancing cell proliferation. Seven oncogenic viruses are known to promote tumorigenesis in humans: human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (HTLV-1), Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Recent research indicates that SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 progression may predispose recovered patients to cancer onset and accelerate cancer development. This hypothesis is based on the growing evidence regarding the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to modulate oncogenic pathways, promoting chronic low-grade inflammation and causing tissue damage. Herein, we summarize the main relationships known to date between virus infection and cancer, providing a summary of the proposed biochemical mechanisms behind the cellular transformation. Mechanistically, DNA viruses (such as HPV, HBV, EBV, and MCPyV) encode their virus oncogenes. In contrast, RNA viruses (like HCV, HTLV-1) may encode oncogenes or trigger host oncogenes through cis-/-trans activation leading to different types of cancer. As for SARS-CoV-2, its role as an oncogenic virus seems to occur through the inhibition of oncosuppressors or controlling the metabolic and autophagy pathways in the infected cells. However, these effects could be significant in particular scenarios like those linked to severe COVID-19 or long COVID. On the other hand, looking at the SARS-CoV-2─cancer relationship from an opposite perspective, oncolytic effects and anti-tumor immune response were triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection in some cases. In summary, our work aims to recall comprehensive attention from the scientific community to elucidate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 and, more in general, β-coronavirus infection on cancer susceptibility for cancer prevention or supporting therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Costanzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore s.c.ar.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Nicola Roviello
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Italian National Council for Research (IBB-CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Padarath K, Deroubaix A, Kramvis A. The Complex Role of HBeAg and Its Precursors in the Pathway to Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040857. [PMID: 37112837 PMCID: PMC10144019 DOI: 10.3390/v15040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the seven known human oncogenic viruses and has adapted to coexist with a single host for prolonged periods, requiring continuous manipulation of immunity and cell fate decisions. The persistence of HBV infection is associated with the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma, and various HBV proteins have been implicated in promoting this persistence. The precursor of hepatitis e antigen (HBeAg), is translated from the precore/core region and is post-translationally modified to yield HBeAg, which is secreted in the serum. HBeAg is a non-particulate protein of HBV and can act as both a tolerogen and an immunogen. HBeAg can protect hepatocytes from apoptosis by interfering with host signalling pathways and acting as a decoy to the immune response. By evading the immune response and interfering with apoptosis, HBeAg has the potential to contribute to the hepatocarcinogenic potential of HBV. In particular, this review summarises the various signalling pathways through which HBeAg and its precursors can promote hepatocarcinogenesis via the various hallmarks of cancer.
Collapse
|