1
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Velay A, Baquer F, Brunet J, Denis J, Parfut A, Talagrand-Reboul E, Hansmann Y. Infectious risks associated with outdoor sports activities. Infect Dis Now 2024; 54:104862. [PMID: 38845331 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
In France, outdoor sports and activities account for 36% of sports engagement, making outdoor venues the most popular settings for sports participation. Discussing the links between sports and health almost always highlights the beneficial impact of engaging in sports. However, due to a lack of specific notifications, infectious risks are not subject to epidemiological monitoring, and need to be better understood. Since the practice of outdoor sports has become part and parcel of many individuals' daily routines, it is essential to more accurately characterize the knowledge we have gained about the risks associated with exposure. However, directly associating the practice of a sport with an elevated risk of infectious diseases is a challenging endeavor. Sociological factors based on risk awareness and adoption of protective behaviors in response to the risk are crucial to the orientation of prevention efforts. This review deals with several (bacteriological, viral, parasitic, and mycological) infectious risks related to outdoor activities practiced in a natural field via contamination routes such as tick-bite, enteric pathogen, skin, and aerosol transmission. We have also detailed a number of preventive measures taking into account the outdoor setting (e.g., vaccination).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Velay
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Florian Baquer
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Brunet
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Denis
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Assilina Parfut
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Yves Hansmann
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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2
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Ritter M, Canus L, Gautam A, Vallet T, Zhong L, Lalande A, Boson B, Gandhi A, Bodoirat S, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Freitas N, Roingeard P, Barr JN, Lotteau V, Legros V, Mathieu C, Cosset FL, Denolly S. The low-density lipoprotein receptor and apolipoprotein E associated with CCHFV particles mediate CCHFV entry into cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4542. [PMID: 38806525 PMCID: PMC11133370 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48989-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an emerging pathogen of the Orthonairovirus genus that can cause severe and often lethal hemorrhagic diseases in humans. CCHFV has a broad tropism and can infect a variety of species and tissues. Here, by using gene silencing, blocking antibodies or soluble receptor fragments, we identify the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) as a CCHFV entry factor. The LDL-R facilitates binding of CCHFV particles but does not allow entry of Hazara virus (HAZV), another member of the genus. In addition, we show that apolipoprotein E (apoE), an exchangeable protein that mediates LDL/LDL-R interaction, is incorporated on CCHFV particles, though not on HAZV particles, and enhances their specific infectivity by promoting an LDL-R dependent entry. Finally, we show that molecules that decrease LDL-R from the surface of target cells could inhibit CCHFV infection. Our study highlights that CCHFV takes advantage of a lipoprotein receptor and recruits its natural ligand to promote entry into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Ritter
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Lola Canus
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Anupriya Gautam
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Vallet
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Li Zhong
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Lalande
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Bertrand Boson
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Apoorv Gandhi
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Sergueï Bodoirat
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Burlaud-Gaillard
- Inserm U1259, Morphogénèse et Antigénicité du VIH et des Virus des Hépatites (MAVIVH), Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 37032, Tours, France
- Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Tours, France
| | - Natalia Freitas
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Roingeard
- Inserm U1259, Morphogénèse et Antigénicité du VIH et des Virus des Hépatites (MAVIVH), Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 37032, Tours, France
- Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Tours, France
| | - John N Barr
- Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Vincent Legros
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Lyon, Marcy-l'Etoile, France
| | - Cyrille Mathieu
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - François-Loïc Cosset
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France.
| | - Solène Denolly
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France.
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3
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Pahmeier F, Monticelli SR, Feng X, Hjorth CK, Wang A, Kuehne AI, Bakken RR, Batchelor TG, Lee SE, Middlecamp M, Stuart L, Abelson DM, McLellan JS, Biering SB, Herbert AS, Chandran K, Harris E. Antibodies targeting Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus GP38 limit vascular leak and viral spread. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.23.595578. [PMID: 38826290 PMCID: PMC11142176 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.23.595578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a priority pathogen transmitted by tick bites, with no vaccines or specific therapeutics approved to date. Severe disease manifestations include hemorrhage, endothelial dysfunction, and multiorgan failure. Infected cells secrete the viral glycoprotein GP38, whose extracellular function is presently unknown. GP38 is considered an important target for vaccine and therapeutic design as GP38-specific antibodies can protect against severe disease in animal models, albeit through a currently unknown mechanism of action. Here, we show that GP38 induces endothelial barrier dysfunction in vitro, and that CCHFV infection, and GP38 alone, can trigger vascular leak in a mouse model. Protective antibodies that recognize specific antigenic sites on GP38, but not a protective neutralizing antibody binding the structural protein Gc, potently inhibit endothelial hyperpermeability in vitro and vascular leak in vivo during CCHFV infection. This work uncovers a function of the secreted viral protein GP38 as a viral toxin in CCHFV pathogenesis and elucidates the mode of action of non-neutralizing GP38-specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Pahmeier
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity Graduate Group, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie R. Monticelli
- Viral Immunology Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Xinyi Feng
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Christy K. Hjorth
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Albert Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ana I. Kuehne
- Viral Immunology Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Russell R. Bakken
- Viral Immunology Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Thomas G. Batchelor
- Viral Immunology Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Saeyoung E. Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Scott B. Biering
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew S. Herbert
- Viral Immunology Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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4
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Hawman DW, Leventhal SS, Meade-White K, Khandhar A, Murray J, Lovaglio J, Shaia C, Saturday G, Hinkley T, Erasmus J, Feldmann H. A replicating RNA vaccine confers protection in a rhesus macaque model of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:86. [PMID: 38769294 PMCID: PMC11106275 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00887-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne febrile illness with a wide geographic distribution. In recent years the geographic range of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) and its tick vector have increased, placing an increasing number of people at risk of CCHFV infection. Currently, there are no widely available vaccines, and although the World Health Organization recommends ribavirin for treatment, its efficacy is unclear. Here we evaluate a promising replicating RNA vaccine in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) model of CCHF. This model provides an alternative to the established cynomolgus macaque model and recapitulates mild-to-moderate human disease. Rhesus macaques infected with CCHFV consistently exhibit viremia, detectable viral RNA in a multitude of tissues, and moderate pathology in the liver and spleen. We used this model to evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a replicating RNA vaccine. Rhesus macaques vaccinated with RNAs expressing the CCHFV nucleoprotein and glycoprotein precursor developed robust non-neutralizing humoral immunity against the CCHFV nucleoprotein and had significant protection against the CCHFV challenge. Together, our data report a model of CCHF using rhesus macaques and demonstrate that our replicating RNA vaccine is immunogenic and protective in non-human primates after a prime-boost immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Hawman
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA.
| | - Shanna S Leventhal
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | | | - Justin Murray
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Jamie Lovaglio
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Carl Shaia
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | | | | | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA.
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5
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Welch SR, Garrison AR, Bente DA, Burt F, D'Addiego J, Devignot S, Dowall S, Fischer K, Hawman DW, Hewson R, Mirazimi A, Oestereich L, Vatansever Z, Spengler JR, Papa A. Third International Conference on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Thessaloniki, Greece, September 19-21, 2023. Antiviral Res 2024; 225:105844. [PMID: 38428749 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The Third International Conference on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) was held in Thessaloniki, Greece, September 19-21, 2023, bringing together a diverse group of international partners, including public health professionals, clinicians, ecologists, epidemiologists, immunologists, and virologists. The conference was attended by 118 participants representing 24 countries and the World Health Organization (WHO). Meeting sessions covered the epidemiology of CCHF in humans; Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in ticks; wild and domestic animal hosts; molecular virology; pathogenesis and animal models; immune response related to therapeutics; and CCHF prevention in humans. The concluding session focused on recent WHO recommendations regarding disease prevention, control strategies, and innovations against CCHFV outbreaks. This meeting report summarizes lectures by the invited speakers and highlights advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Welch
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Aura R Garrison
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Dennis A Bente
- Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Felicity Burt
- Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jake D'Addiego
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Stephanie Devignot
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stuart Dowall
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Kerstin Fischer
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - David W Hawman
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Roger Hewson
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa Oestereich
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and German Center for Infectious Research, Partner Sites Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zati Vatansever
- Kafkas University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Parasitology, Kars, Turkey
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna Papa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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6
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Frank MG, Weaver G, Raabe V. Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus for Clinicians-Virology, Pathogenesis, and Pathology. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:847-853. [PMID: 38666566 PMCID: PMC11060449 DOI: 10.3201/eid3005.231646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), caused by CCHF virus, is a tickborne disease that can cause a range of illness outcomes, from asymptomatic infection to fatal viral hemorrhagic fever; the disease has been described in >30 countries. We conducted a literature review to provide an overview of the virology, pathogenesis, and pathology of CCHF for clinicians. The virus life cycle and molecular interactions are complex and not fully described. Although pathogenesis and immunobiology are not yet fully understood, it is clear that multiple processes contribute to viral entry, replication, and pathological damage. Limited autopsy reports describe multiorgan involvement with extravasation and hemorrhages. Advanced understanding of CCHF virus pathogenesis and immunology will improve patient care and accelerate the development of medical countermeasures for CCHF.
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7
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Büyüktuna SA, Yerlitaş Sİ, Zararsız GE, Doğan K, Kablan D, Bağcı G, Özer S, Baysal C, Çakır Y, Cephe A, Koçhan N, Zararız G, Doğan HO. Exploring free amino acid profiles in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever patients: Implications for disease progression. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29637. [PMID: 38773825 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the intricate interplay between Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection and alterations in amino acid metabolism. The primary aim is to elucidate the impact of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) on specific amino acid concentrations and identify potential metabolic markers associated with viral infection. One hundred ninety individuals participated in this study, comprising 115 CCHF patients, 30 CCHF negative patients, and 45 healthy controls. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry techniques were employed to quantify amino acid concentrations. The amino acid metabolic profiles in CCHF patients exhibit substantial distinctions from those in the control group. Patients highlight distinct metabolic reprogramming, notably characterized by arginine, histidine, taurine, glutamic acid, and glutamine metabolism shifts. These changes have been associated with the underlying molecular mechanisms of the disease. Exploring novel therapeutic and diagnostic strategies addressing specific amino acids may offer potential means to mitigate the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyit Ali Büyüktuna
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Serra İlayda Yerlitaş
- Department of Biostatistics, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Türkiye
- Drug Application and Research Center (ERFARMA), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Gözde Ertük Zararsız
- Department of Biostatistics, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Türkiye
- Drug Application and Research Center (ERFARMA), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Kübra Doğan
- Department of Biochemistry, Minister of Health Sivas Numan Hospital, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Demet Kablan
- Department of Biochemistry, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Gökhan Bağcı
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Selda Özer
- Department of Biochemistry, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Cihad Baysal
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Yasemin Çakır
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Ahu Cephe
- Institutional Data Management and Analytics Unit, Erciyes University Rectorate, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Necla Koçhan
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Gökmen Zararız
- Department of Biostatistics, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Türkiye
- Drug Application and Research Center (ERFARMA), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Halef Okan Doğan
- Department of Biochemistry, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Türkiye
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8
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Frank MG, Weaver G, Raabe V. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus for Clinicians-Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Prevention. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:854-863. [PMID: 38666548 PMCID: PMC11060446 DOI: 10.3201/eid3005.231647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tickborne infection that can range from asymptomatic to fatal and has been described in >30 countries. Early identification and isolation of patients with suspected or confirmed CCHF and the use of appropriate prevention and control measures are essential for preventing human-to-human transmission. Here, we provide an overview of the epidemiology, clinical features, and prevention and control of CCHF. CCHF poses a continued public health threat given its wide geographic distribution, potential to spread to new regions, propensity for genetic variability, and potential for severe and fatal illness, in addition to the limited medical countermeasures for prophylaxis and treatment. A high index of suspicion, comprehensive travel and epidemiologic history, and clinical evaluation are essential for prompt diagnosis. Infection control measures can be effective in reducing the risk for transmission but require correct and consistent application.
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9
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McFadden E, Monticelli SR, Wang A, Ramamohan AR, Batchelor TG, Kuehne AI, Bakken RR, Tse AL, Chandran K, Herbert AS, McLellan JS. Engineering, structure, and immunogenicity of a Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus pre-fusion heterotrimeric glycoprotein complex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.20.590419. [PMID: 38659837 PMCID: PMC11042304 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.20.590419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne virus that can cause severe disease in humans with case fatality rates of 10-40%. Although structures of CCHFV glycoproteins GP38 and Gc have provided insights into viral entry and defined epitopes of neutralizing and protective antibodies, the structure of glycoprotein Gn and its interactions with GP38 and Gc have remained elusive. Here, we used structure-guided protein engineering to produce a stabilized GP38-Gn-Gc heterotrimeric glycoprotein complex (GP38-GnH-DS-Gc). A cryo-EM structure of this complex provides the molecular basis for GP38's association on the viral surface, reveals the structure of Gn, and demonstrates that GP38-Gn restrains the Gc fusion loops in the prefusion conformation, facilitated by an N-linked glycan attached to Gn. Immunization with GP38-GnH-DS-Gc conferred 40% protection against lethal IbAr10200 challenge in mice. These data define the architecture of a GP38-Gn-Gc protomer and provide a template for structure-guided vaccine antigen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth McFadden
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Stephanie R. Monticelli
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Albert Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ajit R. Ramamohan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas G. Batchelor
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Ana I. Kuehne
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Russell R. Bakken
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra L. Tse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Andrew S. Herbert
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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10
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Gueye YB, Sall Y, Roka JL, Diagne I, Sow KD, Diallo A, Dièye PS, Diallo JP, Diop B, Pasi O. Case Management of Imported Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, Senegal, July 2023. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:805-807. [PMID: 38526304 PMCID: PMC10977836 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.231492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We report an imported Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever case in Senegal. The patient received PCR confirmation of virus infection 10 days after symptom onset. We identified 46 patient contacts in Senegal; 87.7% were healthcare professionals. Strengthening border crossing and community surveillance systems can help reduce the risks of infectious disease transmission.
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11
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Kaushal N, Baranwal M. Analysis of highly frequent point mutations in glycoprotein C, glycoprotein N, and nucleoprotein of CCHFV. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:280-294. [PMID: 38054375 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is classified among top 10 priority pathogens by World Health Organization. CCHFV belongs to Bunyaviridae family and negative sense ssRNA genome composed of three RNA segments: L, M, and S. RNA viruses show higher mutation rate as compared to DNA viruses. To gain deeper understanding of impact of point mutations in CCHFV M and S segment, mutation profiling, homology modeling, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation were performed. Structural glycoproteins (glycoprotein C [Gc] and glycoprotein N [Gn]) of CCHFV are important for host-virus interaction and genome packaging, whereas CCHFV nucleoprotein (NP) is crucial for viral replication. Hence, current study is focused on evaluation of eight mutations in structural glycoproteins (Gc: 7 and Gn: 1) of M segment and seven mutations in NP of S segment. All these mutations were highly frequent, with mutation frequency between 0.81 and 1.0 and found to be persistent in the recent strains of CCHFV. Solubility analysis predicted that selected point mutations reduce solubility of Gc protein and increase solubility of Gn and NP proteins. MD simulation study deciphered that A1046V and G1158E in Gc protein, I778T in Gn protein, and H195R in NP protein displayed large deviation and fluctuation, and affected intramolecular interactions. In conclusion, we observed that point mutations could impact structure, stability, and host-virus interaction of protein, and might lead to evolution of new strains for better survival and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kaushal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Manoj Baranwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
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12
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Zhang MZ, Wang J, Du LF, He PJ, Jia N. The impact of volatiles on tick-host interaction and vector competence. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 62:101162. [PMID: 38237733 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Ticks are obligatory hematophagous arachnids, serving as vectors for a wide array of pathogens that can be transmitted to humans or animals. The ability of tick-borne pathogens to maintain within natural reservoirs is intricately influenced by the attractiveness of ticks to their animal hosts, including humans. However, the complex dynamics of tick behavior and host-seeking strategies remain understudied. This review aims to summarize the impact of volatiles or odors on tick behavior and vector competence. Our literature review has identified a selection of compounds, such as 1-octen-3-ol, hexanal, heptanal, nonanal, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, acetone, and octanal, as having the potential to impact both ticks' and mosquitos' behaviors. In addition, carbon dioxide (CO2) is a universal attractant for hematophagous arthropods. Moreover, we have gathered some clues indicating that volatiles emitted by infected animal hosts might play a role in the transmission of tick-borne pathogens. Nonetheless, our understanding of this phenomenon remains largely inadequate, particularly with regarding to whether the tick microbiome or the skin microbiota of the feeding mammals, including humans, can actively modulate tick-host-seeking behavior. Further investigations in this emerging field hold immense promise for the development of innovative strategies aimed at controlling vectors and curtailing the spread of tick-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhu Zhang
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Street, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Li-Feng Du
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Street, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Pei-Jun He
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Na Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China.
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13
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Vasmehjani AA, Pouriayevali MH, Shahmahmoodi S, Salehi-Vaziri M. Persistence of IgG and neutralizing antibodies in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever survivors. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29581. [PMID: 38572939 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The World Health Organization classified Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) as a high-priority infectious disease and emphasized the performance of research studies and product development against it. Little information is available about the immune response due to natural CCHF virus (CCHFV) infection in humans. Here, we investigated the persistence of IgG and neutralizing antibodies in serum samples collected from 61 Iranian CCHF survivors with various time points after recovery (<12, 12-60, and >60 months after disease). The ELISA results showed IgG seropositivity in all samples while a pseudotyped based neutralization assay findings revealed the presence of neutralizing antibody in 29 samples (46.77%). For both IgG and neutralizing antibodies, a decreasing trend of titer was observed with the increase in the time after recovery. Not only the mean titer of IgG (772.80 U/mL) was higher than mean neutralizing antibody (25.64) but also the IgG persistence was longer. In conclusion, our findings provide valuable information about the long-term persistence of humoral immune response in CCHF survivors indicating that IgG antibody can be detected at least 8 years after recovery and low titers of neutralizing antibody can be detected in CCHF survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ahmadi Vasmehjani
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Pouriayevali
- Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Shahmahmoodi
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Salehi-Vaziri
- Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Gu Y, Lozach PY. Illuminating bunyavirus entry into host cells with fluorescence. Mol Microbiol 2024; 121:671-678. [PMID: 37700704 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Bunyavirales constitute the largest order of enveloped RNA viruses, many members of which cause severe diseases in humans and domestic animals. In recent decades, innovative fluorescence-based methods have paved the way to visualize and track single fluorescent bunyaviral particles in fixed and live cells. This technological breakthrough has enabled imaging of the early stages of infection and the quantification of every step in the bunyavirus cell entry process. Here, we describe the latest procedures for rendering bunyaviral particles fluorescent and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each approach in light of the most recent advances in fluorescence detection and monitoring of bunyavirus entry. In this mini-review, we also illustrate how fluorescent viral particles are a powerful tool for deciphering the cellular entry process of bunyaviruses, the vast majority of which have not yet been analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gu
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRAE, EPHE, IVPC UMR754, Team iWays, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Lozach
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRAE, EPHE, IVPC UMR754, Team iWays, Lyon, France
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15
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Oraby AK, Marchant DJ. CCHFV entry via LDLR keeps it 'ticking'? Cell Res 2024; 34:271-272. [PMID: 38253654 PMCID: PMC10978823 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-024-00928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K Oraby
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - David J Marchant
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada.
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16
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Wang Y, Xu Z, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Cao J, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhou J. Towards modelling tick-virus interactions using the weakly pathogenic Sindbis virus: Evidence that ticks are competent vectors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1334351. [PMID: 38567020 PMCID: PMC10985168 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1334351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Most tick-borne viruses (TBVs) are highly pathogenic and require high biosecurity, which severely limits their study. We found that Sindbis virus (SINV), predominantly transmitted by mosquitoes, can replicate in ticks and be subsequently transmitted, with the potential to serve as a model for studying tick-virus interactions. We found that both larval and nymphal stages of Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides can be infected with SINV-wild-type (WT) when feeding on infected mice. SINV replicated in two species of ticks (R. haemaphysaloides and Hyalomma asiaticum) after infecting them by microinjection. Injection of ticks with SINV expressing enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (eGFP) revealed that SINV-eGFP specifically aggregated in the tick midguts for replication. During blood-feeding, SINV-eGFP migrated from the midguts to the salivary glands and was transmitted to a new host. SINV infection caused changes in expression levels of tick genes related to immune responses, substance transport and metabolism, cell growth and death. SINV mainly induced autophagy during the early stage of infection; with increasing time of infection, the level of autophagy decreased, while the level of apoptosis increased. During the early stages of infection, the transcript levels of immune-related genes were significantly upregulated, and then decreased. In addition, SINV induced changes in the transcription levels of some functional genes that play important roles in the interactions between ticks and tick-borne pathogens. These results confirm that the SINV-based transmission model between ticks, viruses, and mammals can be widely used to unravel the interactions between ticks and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengmao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Houshuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zedong Wang
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Jinlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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17
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Addo SO, Bentil RE, Addae CA, Baako BOA, Yartey KN, Ansah-Owusu J, Tawiah-Mensah CNL, Agbodzi B, Kumordjie S, Yeboah C, Asoala V, Dunford JC, Larbi JA, Baidoo PK, Wilson MD, Diclaro JW, Dadzie SK. Molecular identification of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in Hyalomma rufipes and Amblyomma variegatum in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Arch Virol 2024; 169:62. [PMID: 38446223 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-05983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Sampled ticks were screened for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) using an assay that targets the nucleoprotein gene region of the S segment, a conserved region of the CCHFV genome. Minimum infection rates of 0.34% and 0.10% were obtained when testing pools of Hyalomma rufipes and Amblyomma variegatum, respectively. Next-generation sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that the S and L segments of the CCHFV isolate clustered with those of similar isolates of genotype III. However, analysis of the M segment showed that reassortment had occurred, causing this segment to cluster with those of isolates of genotype I, providing the first evidence of such an occurrence in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Offei Addo
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Ronald Essah Bentil
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Charlotte Adwoa Addae
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Kevin Nii Yartey
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jane Ansah-Owusu
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Bright Agbodzi
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Selassie Kumordjie
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Clara Yeboah
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Victor Asoala
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Upper East Region, Navrongo, Ghana
| | - James C Dunford
- Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Michael David Wilson
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph W Diclaro
- Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, Center for Disease Control and Prevention Detachment, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Samuel K Dadzie
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
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18
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Leventhal SS, Meade-White K, Shaia C, Tipih T, Lewis M, Mihalakakos EA, Hinkley T, Khandhar AP, Erasmus JH, Feldmann H, Hawman DW. Single dose, dual antigen RNA vaccines protect against lethal Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus infection in mice. EBioMedicine 2024; 101:105017. [PMID: 38382314 PMCID: PMC10885550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus is a tick-borne bunyavirus prevalent across Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. The virus causes a non-specific febrile illness which may develop into severe haemorrhagic disease. To date, there are no widely approved therapeutics. Recently, we reported an alphavirus-based replicon RNA vaccine which expresses the CCHFV nucleoprotein (repNP) or glycoprotein precursor (repGPC) and is protective against lethal disease in mice. METHODS Here, we evaluated engineered GPC constructs to find the minimal enhancing epitope of repGPC and test two RNA vaccine approaches to express multiple antigens in vivo to optimize protective efficacy of our repRNA. FINDINGS Vaccination with repNP and a construct expressing just the Gc antigen (repGc-FL) resulted in equivalent immunogenicity and protective efficacy compared to original repNP + repGPC vaccination. This vaccine was protective when prepared in either of two vaccine approaches, a mixed synthesis reaction producing two RNAs in a single tube and a single RNA expressing two antigens. INTERPRETATION Overall, our data illustrate two vaccine approaches to deliver two antigens in a single immunization. Both approaches induced protective immune responses against CCHFV in this model. These approaches support their continued development for this and future vaccine candidates for CCHFV and other vaccines where inclusion of multiple antigens would be optimal. FUNDING This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program, NIAID/NIH, HDT Bio and MCDC Grant #MCDC2204-011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna S Leventhal
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Carl Shaia
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Thomas Tipih
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Mathew Lewis
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Evan A Mihalakakos
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | | | | | | | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA.
| | - David W Hawman
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA.
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19
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Chen T, Ding Z, Li X, Li Y, Lan J, Wong G. A mRNA Vaccine for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Expressing Non-Fusion GnGc Using NSm Linker Elicits Unexpected Immune Responses in Mice. Viruses 2024; 16:378. [PMID: 38543744 PMCID: PMC10975845 DOI: 10.3390/v16030378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), caused by Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic virus (CCHFV), is listed in the World Health Organization's list of priority diseases. The high fatality rate in humans, the widespread distribution of CCHFV, and the lack of approved specific vaccines are the primary concerns regarding this disease. We used microfluidic technology to optimize the mRNA vaccine delivery system and demonstrated that vaccination with nucleoside-modified CCHFV mRNA vaccines encoding GnNSmGc (vLMs), Gn (vLMn), or Gc (vLMc) induced different immune responses. We found that both T-cell and B-cell immune responses induced by vLMc were better than those induced by vLMn. Interestingly, immune responses were found to be lower for vLMs, which employed NSm to link Gn and Gc for non-fusion expression, compared to those for vLMc. In conclusion, our results indicated that NSm could be a factor that leads to decreased specific immune responses in the host and should be avoided in the development of CCHFV vaccine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (Formerly Institut Pasteur of Shanghai), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China (X.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhe Ding
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (Formerly Institut Pasteur of Shanghai), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China (X.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuejie Li
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (Formerly Institut Pasteur of Shanghai), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China (X.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingwen Li
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (Formerly Institut Pasteur of Shanghai), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China (X.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaming Lan
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (Formerly Institut Pasteur of Shanghai), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China (X.L.)
| | - Gary Wong
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (Formerly Institut Pasteur of Shanghai), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China (X.L.)
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20
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Bernard C, Joly Kukla C, Rakotoarivony I, Duhayon M, Stachurski F, Huber K, Giupponi C, Zortman I, Holzmuller P, Pollet T, Jeanneau M, Mercey A, Vachiery N, Lefrançois T, Garros C, Michaud V, Comtet L, Despois L, Pourquier P, Picard C, Journeaux A, Thomas D, Godard S, Moissonnier E, Mely S, Sega M, Pannetier D, Baize S, Vial L. Detection of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in Hyalomma marginatum ticks, southern France, May 2022 and April 2023. Euro Surveill 2024; 29:2400023. [PMID: 38333936 PMCID: PMC10853980 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2024.29.6.2400023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF), a potentially severe zoonotic viral disease causing fever and haemorrhagic manifestations in humans. As the Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) has been detected in ticks in Spain and antibodies against the virus in ruminant sera in Corsica, it was necessary to know more about the situation in France. In 2022-2023, CCHFV was detected in 155 ticks collected from horses and cattle in southern France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Bernard
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Joly Kukla
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
- Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Ignace Rakotoarivony
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | - Maxime Duhayon
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Stachurski
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | - Karine Huber
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | - Carla Giupponi
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | - Iyonna Zortman
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Holzmuller
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Pollet
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | - Mélanie Jeanneau
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | - Alice Mercey
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Vachiery
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | | | - Claire Garros
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Michaud
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Caroline Picard
- National Reference Center for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Lyon, France
- Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Université de Lyon, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandra Journeaux
- National Reference Center for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Lyon, France
- Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Université de Lyon, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Damien Thomas
- National Reference Center for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire P4 INSERM Jean Mérieux, INSERM Lyon, France
| | - Sabine Godard
- National Reference Center for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire P4 INSERM Jean Mérieux, INSERM Lyon, France
| | - Elodie Moissonnier
- National Reference Center for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire P4 INSERM Jean Mérieux, INSERM Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Mely
- National Reference Center for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire P4 INSERM Jean Mérieux, INSERM Lyon, France
| | - Manon Sega
- National Reference Center for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire P4 INSERM Jean Mérieux, INSERM Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Pannetier
- National Reference Center for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire P4 INSERM Jean Mérieux, INSERM Lyon, France
| | - Sylvain Baize
- National Reference Center for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Lyon, France
- Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Université de Lyon, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Vial
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), University of Montpellier (UMR) Animal Santé Territoires Risques Écosystèmes (ASTRE), Montpellier, France
- ASTRE UMR, CIRAD, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), Montpellier, France
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21
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Xu ZS, Du WT, Wang SY, Wang MY, Yang YN, Li YH, Li ZQ, Zhao LX, Yang Y, Luo WW, Wang YY. LDLR is an entry receptor for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. Cell Res 2024; 34:140-150. [PMID: 38182887 PMCID: PMC10837205 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00917-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is the most widespread tick-born zoonotic bunyavirus that causes severe hemorrhagic fever and death in humans. CCHFV enters the cell via clathrin-mediated endocytosis which is dependent on its surface glycoproteins. However, the cellular receptors that are required for CCHFV entry are unknown. Here we show that the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is an entry receptor for CCHFV. Genetic knockout of LDLR impairs viral infection in various CCHFV-susceptible human, monkey and mouse cells, which is restored upon reconstitution with ectopically-expressed LDLR. Mutagenesis studies indicate that the ligand binding domain (LBD) of LDLR is necessary for CCHFV infection. LDLR binds directly to CCHFV glycoprotein Gc with high affinity, which supports virus attachment and internalization into host cells. Consistently, a soluble sLDLR-Fc fusion protein or anti-LDLR blocking antibodies impair CCHFV infection into various susceptible cells. Furthermore, genetic knockout of LDLR or administration of an LDLR blocking antibody significantly reduces viral loads, pathological effects and death following CCHFV infection in mice. Our findings suggest that LDLR is an entry receptor for CCHFV and pharmacological targeting of LDLR may provide a strategy to prevent and treat Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Sheng Xu
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Tian Du
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Yun Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mo-Yu Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Ning Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hui Li
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Qi Li
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Xin Zhao
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Wei Luo
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Yi Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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22
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Doğan K, Büyüktuna SA. IL-36 signaling pathway dysregulation in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus patients: A potential therapeutic avenue. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29347. [PMID: 38152020 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe viral disease. The scientific literature is growing, emphasizing the significance of the interleukin (IL)-36 family in the proinflammatory signaling pathway. However, to date, no research has explored the potential of IL-36 family members as biomarkers in CCHF. This study aims to bridge this gap by evaluating IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ levels in CCHF patients and healthy controls and investigating their association with disease severity and prognosis. Sixty confirmed CCHF patients and 29 healthy controls were enrolled in this case-control study. Serum levels of IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Significantly higher levels of IL-36α and IL-36β were observed in CCHF patients compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). However, no statistically significant changes were found in IL-36γ levels between the two groups. Among the CCHF patients, those who did not survive exhibited significantly elevated IL-36α and IL-36γ levels compared to survivors (p < 0.01). Positive correlations were identified between IL-36α and IL-36γ levels with activated partial thromboplastin time, and D-dimer (p < 0.01). Conversely, platelet levels showed a negative correlation with IL-36α and IL-36γ levels (p < 0.01). The increased levels of IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ in patients indicate their participation in proinflammatory reactions in CCHF patients. Understanding the role of IL-36 family members in CCHF pathogenesis could offer valuable insights into disease progression and facilitate the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Doğan
- Department of Biochemistry, Sivas Numune Hospital, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Seyit A Büyüktuna
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinic Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Sivas Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Turkey
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23
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Koc S, Gultekin ZN, Kahraman S, Cengiz A, Polat B, Caliskan C, Yildirim T, Tufan-Cetin O, Cetin H. Exploring the Larvicidal and Repellent Potential of Taurus Cedar ( Cedrus libani) Tar against the Brown Dog Tick ( Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato). Molecules 2023; 28:7689. [PMID: 38067421 PMCID: PMC10707419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the potential acaricidal and repellent effects of tar obtained from the Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) against the brown dog tick species Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato Latreille (Acari: Ixodidae). The goal was to find an alternative, safe, and effective way to eliminate ticks. Tar is traditionally extracted from cedar trees in the Antalya region of Türkiye. The composition of the tar is primarily characterized by a diverse mixture of terpenes, with β-himachalene (29.16%), α-atlantone (28.7%), ar-turmerone (8.82%), longifolene-(V4) (6.66%), α-himachalene (5.28%), and β-turmerone (5.12%) emerging as the predominant constituents. The toxic effects of tar on tick larvae were studied through larval immersion tests (LIT), and its repellent activity was evaluated using a new larval repellent activity test (LRAT). The results revealed significant acaricidal effects, with mortality rates of 77.7% and 82.2% for the Konyaalti and Kepez strains of the brown dog tick, respectively, in response to a 1% concentration of tar. LC50 and LC90 values were determined as 0.47% and 1.52% for the Kepez strain and 0.58% and 1.63% for the Konyaalti strain, respectively. When comparing the repellent effect of tar to the widely used synthetic repellent DEET, repellency rates of up to 100% were observed. As a result, this study establishes, for the first time, the larvicidal and repellent effects of C. libani tar on ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samed Koc
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Türkiye; (Z.N.G.)
- Laboratory Animals Application and Research Centre, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Nur Gultekin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Türkiye; (Z.N.G.)
| | - Sevval Kahraman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Türkiye; (Z.N.G.)
| | - Aysegul Cengiz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Türkiye; (Z.N.G.)
| | - Burak Polat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Türkiye; (Z.N.G.)
| | - Cansu Caliskan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Türkiye; (Z.N.G.)
| | - Tolga Yildirim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Türkiye; (Z.N.G.)
| | - Ozge Tufan-Cetin
- Department of Environmental Protection Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Türkiye;
| | - Huseyin Cetin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Türkiye; (Z.N.G.)
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24
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Masood I, Tahir MJ, Naeem A, Shrateh ON, Ahmed A. The new wave of Congo virus in Pakistan: emerging threat. Trop Med Health 2023; 51:62. [PMID: 37957782 PMCID: PMC10644479 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-023-00559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Congo virus, or Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), is a tick-borne disease caused by a single-stranded RNA virus (genus nairovirus, Bunyaviridae family). It spreads through infected ticks' bites or contact with viremic individuals or livestock. Factors supporting its spread include hot, humid climates, limited pesticide use, poor animal control, inadequate irrigation during monsoons, and vector control deficiencies. Nosocomial transmission in under-resourced hospitals poses a threat to healthcare workers. Decades of CCHF cases persist in Pakistan due to these factors, with six deaths reported by June 2023. To combat the epidemic, Pakistan should raise awareness, improve irrigation, establish surveillance systems, and implement livestock quarantine and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isra Masood
- Dow International Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Ather Naeem
- Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Oadi N Shrateh
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine.
- , Ramallah, Palestine.
| | - Ali Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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25
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Tipih T, Meade-White K, Rao D, Bushmaker T, Lewis M, Shaia C, Feldmann H, Hawman DW. Favipiravir and Ribavirin protect immunocompetent mice from lethal CCHFV infection. Antiviral Res 2023; 218:105703. [PMID: 37611878 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) causes Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in humans with high morbidity and mortality. Currently, there is neither an approved antiviral drug nor a vaccine against CCHFV. In this study, we describe a lethal model of CCHFV infection using a mouse-adapted strain of CCHFV (MA-CCHFV) in adult wild-type male mice. Infected mice developed high viral loads, tissue pathology, and inflammatory immune responses before ultimately succumbing to the infection. We used the model to evaluate the protective efficacy of nucleoside analogs monulpiravir, favipiravir, ribavirin, the antibiotic tigecycline and the corticosteroids dexamethasone and methylprednisolone against lethal CCHFV infection. Tigecycline, monulpiravir and the corticosteroids failed to protect mice from lethal MA-CCHFV infection. In contrast, favipiravir and ribavirin protected animals from clinical disease and death even when treatment was delayed. Despite demonstrating uniform protection, CCHFV RNA persisted in survivors treated with favipiravir and ribavirin. Nevertheless, the study demonstrated the anti-CCHFV efficacy of favipiravir and ribavirin in a model with intact innate immunity and establishes this model for continued development of CCHFV countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tipih
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Deepashri Rao
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Trenton Bushmaker
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Mathew Lewis
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Carl Shaia
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA.
| | - David W Hawman
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA.
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26
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Riccò M, Baldassarre A, Corrado S, Bottazzoli M, Marchesi F. Seroprevalence of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Occupational Settings: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:452. [PMID: 37755913 PMCID: PMC10538165 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8090452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) Virus can cause a serious human disease, with the case fatality ratio previously estimated to be 30-40%. Our study summarized seroprevalence data from occupational settings, focusing on the following occupational groups: animal handlers, abattoir workers, farmers, healthcare workers, veterinarians, rangers, and hunters. Systematic research was performed on three databases (PubMed, EMBASE, MedRxiv), and all studies reporting seroprevalence rates (IgG-positive status) for CCHF virus were retrieved and their results were reported, summarized, and compared. We identified a total of 33 articles, including a total of 20,195 samples, i.e., 13,197 workers from index occupational groups and 6998 individuals from the general population. Pooled seroprevalence rates ranged from 4.751% (95% confidence intervals (95% CI) 1.834 to 11.702) among animal handlers, to 3.403% (95% CI 2.44 to 3.932) for farmers, 2.737% (95% CI 0.896 to 8.054) among rangers and hunters, 1.900% (95% CI 0.738 to 4.808) for abattoir workers, and 0.644% (95% CI 0.223-1.849) for healthcare workers, with the lowest estimate found in veterinarians (0.283%, 95% CI 0.040-1.977). Seroprevalence rates for abattoir workers (odds ratio (OR) 4.198, 95% CI 1.060-16.464), animal handlers (OR 2.399, 95% CI 1.318-4.369), and farmers (OR 2.280, 95% CI 1.419 to 3.662) largely exceeded the official notification rates for CCHF in the general population. CCHF is reasonably underreported, and pooled estimates stress the importance of improving the adherence to personal protective equipment use and appropriate preventive habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Riccò
- AUSL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Servizio di Prevenzione e Sicurezza Negli Ambienti di Lavoro (SPSAL), Local Health Unit of Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Antonio Baldassarre
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Silvia Corrado
- ASST Rhodense, Dipartimento della donna e Area Materno-Infantile, UOC Pediatria, 20024 Garbagnate Milanese, Italy;
| | - Marco Bottazzoli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, APSS Trento, 38122 Trento, Italy;
| | - Federico Marchesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
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27
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Ozdarendeli A. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus: Progress in Vaccine Development. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2708. [PMID: 37627967 PMCID: PMC10453274 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), a member of the Nairoviridae family and Bunyavirales order, is transmitted to humans via tick bites or contact with the blood of infected animals. It can cause severe symptoms, including hemorrhagic fever, with a mortality rate between 5 to 30%. CCHFV is classified as a high-priority pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to its high fatality rate and the absence of effective medical countermeasures. CCHFV is endemic in several regions across the world, including Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, and has the potential for global spread. The emergence of the disease in new areas, as well as the presence of the tick vector in countries without reported cases, emphasizes the need for preventive measures to be taken. In the past, the lack of a suitable animal model susceptible to CCHFV infection has been a major obstacle in the development of vaccines and treatments. However, recent advances in biotechnology and the availability of suitable animal models have significantly expedited the development of vaccines against CCHF. These advancements have not only contributed to an enhanced understanding of the pathogenesis of CCHF but have also facilitated the evaluation of potential vaccine candidates. This review outlines the immune response to CCHFV and animal models utilized for the study of CCHFV and highlights the progress made in CCHFV vaccine studies. Despite remarkable advancements in vaccine development for CCHFV, it remains crucial to prioritize continued research, collaboration, and investment in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Ozdarendeli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Türkiye;
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Türkiye
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28
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Jakimovski D, Grozdanovski K, Rangelov G, Pavleva V, Banović P, Cabezas-Cruz A, Spasovska K. Cases of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in North Macedonia, July to August 2023. Euro Surveill 2023; 28:2300409. [PMID: 37616118 PMCID: PMC10451013 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.34.2300409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The last report of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in North Macedonia was more than 50 years ago in the northwest. We report on a fatal CCHF case following a Hyalomma tick bite in the east of the country in July 2023. Tracing of 67 contacts identified CCHF in one healthcare worker (HCW) providing care for the patient. Monitoring of contacts is concluded (including further 11 HCW contacts), thus far 28 days after the death of the case no additional cases were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Jakimovski
- Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
- University Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
- These authors contributed equally to the work and share first authorship
| | - Krsto Grozdanovski
- Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
- University Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Goran Rangelov
- University Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Verica Pavleva
- Infectious Disease Department, Clinical Hospital Shtip, Shtip, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Pavle Banović
- Clinic for Lyme Borreliosis and Other Tick-Borne Diseases, Pasteur Institute Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Department of Microbiology with Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- These authors contributed equally to the work and share first authorship
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Katerina Spasovska
- Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
- University Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
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Chen T, Ding Z, Lan J, Wong G. Advances and perspectives in the development of vaccines against highly pathogenic bunyaviruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1174030. [PMID: 37274315 PMCID: PMC10234439 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1174030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased human activities around the globe and the rapid development of once rural regions have increased the probability of contact between humans and wild animals. A majority of bunyaviruses are of zoonotic origin, and outbreaks may result in the substantial loss of lives, economy contraction, and social instability. Many bunyaviruses require manipulation in the highest levels of biocontainment, such as Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories, and the scarcity of this resource has limited the development speed of vaccines for these pathogens. Meanwhile, new technologies have been created, and used to innovate vaccines, like the mRNA vaccine platform and bioinformatics-based antigen design. Here, we summarize current vaccine developments for three different bunyaviruses requiring work in the highest levels of biocontainment: Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV), Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV), and Hantaan virus (HTNV), and provide perspectives and potential future directions that can be further explored to advance specific vaccines for humans and livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Ding
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaming Lan
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Gary Wong
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
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