1
|
Zhao K, Liu J, Sun T, Zeng L, Cai Z, Li Z, Liu R. The miR-25802/KLF4/NF-κB signaling axis regulates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:31-48. [PMID: 38360375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the occurrence and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In recent years, studies have increasingly explored microRNAs as biomarkers and treatment interventions for AD. This study identified a novel microRNA termed miR-25802 from our high-throughput sequencing dataset of an AD model and explored its role and the underlying mechanism. The results confirmed the miRNA properties of miR-25802 based on bioinformatics and experimental verification. Expression of miR-25802 was increased in the plasma of AD patients and in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 and 5 × FAD mice carrying two and five familial AD gene mutations. Functional studies suggested that overexpression or inhibition of miR-25802 respectively aggravated or ameliorated AD-related pathology, including cognitive disability, Aβ deposition, microglial pro-inflammatory phenotype activation, and neuroinflammation, in 5 × FAD mice and homeostatic or LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated EOC20 microglia. Mechanistically, miR-25802 negatively regulates KLF4 by directly binding to KLF4 mRNA, thus stimulating microglia polarization toward the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype by promoting the NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response. The results also showed that inhibition of miR-25802 increased microglial anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype activity and suppressed NF-κB-mediated inflammatory reactions in the brains of 5 × FAD mice, while overexpression of miR-25802 exacerbated microglial pro-inflammatory M1 activity by enhancing NF-κB pathways. Of note, AD-associated manifestations induced by inhibition or overexpression of miR-25802 via the NF-κB signaling pathway were reversed by KLF4 silencing or upregulation. Collectively, these results provide the first evidence that miR-25802 is a regulator of microglial activity and establish the role of miR-25802/KLF4/NF-κB signaling in microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Jianghong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Ting Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Li Zeng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Zhongdi Cai
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Zhuorong Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Banazadeh M, Abiri A, Poortaheri MM, Asnaashari L, Langarizadeh MA, Forootanfar H. Unexplored power of CRISPR-Cas9 in neuroscience, a multi-OMICs review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130413. [PMID: 38408576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The neuroscience and neurobiology of gene editing to enhance learning and memory is of paramount interest to the scientific community. The advancements of CRISPR system have created avenues to treat neurological disorders by means of versatile modalities varying from expression to suppression of genes and proteins. Neurodegenerative disorders have also been attributed to non-canonical DNA secondary structures by affecting neuron activity through controlling gene expression, nucleosome shape, transcription, translation, replication, and recombination. Changing DNA regulatory elements which could contribute to the fate and function of neurons are thoroughly discussed in this review. This study presents the ability of CRISPR system to boost learning power and memory, treat or cure genetically-based neurological disorders, and alleviate psychiatric diseases by altering the activity and the irritability of the neurons at the synaptic cleft through DNA manipulation, and also, epigenetic modifications using Cas9. We explore and examine how each different OMIC techniques can come useful when altering DNA sequences. Such insight into the underlying relationship between OMICs and cellular behaviors leads us to better neurological and psychiatric therapeutics by intelligently designing and utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9 technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Banazadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ardavan Abiri
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Lida Asnaashari
- Student Research Committee, Kerman Universiy of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Langarizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Forootanfar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Supakul S, Murakami R, Oyama C, Shindo T, Hatakeyama Y, Itsuno M, Bannai H, Shibata S, Maeda S, Okano H. Mutual interaction of neurons and astrocytes derived from iPSCs with APP V717L mutation developed the astrocytic phenotypes of Alzheimer's disease. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:8. [PMID: 38419091 PMCID: PMC10900748 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology has enabled human cellular disease modeling for inaccessible cell types, such as neural cells in the brain. However, many of the iPSC-derived disease models established to date typically involve only a single cell type. These monoculture models are inadequate for accurately simulating the brain environment, where multiple cell types interact. The limited cell type diversity in monoculture models hinders the accurate recapitulation of disease phenotypes resulting from interactions between different cell types. Therefore, our goal was to create cell models that include multiple interacting cell types to better recapitulate disease phenotypes. METHODS To establish a co-culture model of neurons and astrocytes, we individually induced neurons and astrocytes from the same iPSCs using our novel differentiation methods, and then co-cultured them. We evaluated the effects of co-culture on neurons and astrocytes using immunocytochemistry, immuno-electron microscopy, and Ca2+ imaging. We also developed a co-culture model using iPSCs from a patient with familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) patient (APP V717L mutation) to investigate whether this model would manifest disease phenotypes not seen in the monoculture models. RESULTS The co-culture of the neurons and astrocytes increased the branching of astrocyte processes, the number of GFAP-positive cells, neuronal activities, the number of synapses, and the density of presynaptic vesicles. In addition, immuno-electron microscopy confirmed the formation of a tripartite synaptic structure in the co-culture model, and inhibition of glutamate transporters increased neuronal activity. Compared to the co-culture model of the control iPSCs, the co-culture model of familial AD developed astrogliosis-like phenotype, which was not observed in the monoculture model of astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS Co-culture of iPSC-derived neurons and astrocytes enhanced the morphological changes mimicking the in vivo condition of both cell types. The formation of the functional tripartite synaptic structures in the co-culture model suggested the mutual interaction between the cells. Furthermore, the co-culture model with the APP V717L mutation expressed in neurons exhibited an astrocytic phenotype reminiscent of AD brain pathology. These results suggest that our co-culture model is a valuable tool for disease modeling of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sopak Supakul
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Rei Murakami
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Chisato Oyama
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shindo
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuki Hatakeyama
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Maika Itsuno
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroko Bannai
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Sumihiro Maeda
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kaplan BLF, Hoberman AM, Slikker W, Smith MA, Corsini E, Knudsen TB, Marty MS, Sobrian SK, Fitzpatrick SC, Ratner MH, Mendrick DL. Protecting Human and Animal Health: The Road from Animal Models to New Approach Methods. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:251-266. [PMID: 38351072 PMCID: PMC10877708 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Animals and animal models have been invaluable for our current understanding of human and animal biology, including physiology, pharmacology, biochemistry, and disease pathology. However, there are increasing concerns with continued use of animals in basic biomedical, pharmacological, and regulatory research to provide safety assessments for drugs and chemicals. There are concerns that animals do not provide sufficient information on toxicity and/or efficacy to protect the target population, so scientists are utilizing the principles of replacement, reduction, and refinement (the 3Rs) and increasing the development and application of new approach methods (NAMs). NAMs are any technology, methodology, approach, or assay used to understand the effects and mechanisms of drugs or chemicals, with specific focus on applying the 3Rs. Although progress has been made in several areas with NAMs, complete replacement of animal models with NAMs is not yet attainable. The road to NAMs requires additional development, increased use, and, for regulatory decision making, usually formal validation. Moreover, it is likely that replacement of animal models with NAMs will require multiple assays to ensure sufficient biologic coverage. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a balanced view of the current state of the use of animal models and NAMs as approaches to development, safety, efficacy, and toxicity testing of drugs and chemicals. Animals do not provide all needed information nor do NAMs, but each can elucidate key pieces of the puzzle of human and animal biology and contribute to the goal of protecting human and animal health. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Data from traditional animal studies have predominantly been used to inform human health safety and efficacy. Although it is unlikely that all animal studies will be able to be replaced, with the continued advancement in new approach methods (NAMs), it is possible that sometime in the future, NAMs will likely be an important component by which the discovery, efficacy, and toxicity testing of drugs and chemicals is conducted and regulatory decisions are made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara L F Kaplan
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - Alan M Hoberman
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - William Slikker
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - Mary Alice Smith
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - Thomas B Knudsen
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - M Sue Marty
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - Sonya K Sobrian
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - Suzanne C Fitzpatrick
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - Marcia H Ratner
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - Donna L Mendrick
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guido G, Mangano K, Tancheva L, Kalfin R, Leone GM, Saraceno A, Fagone P, Nicoletti F, Petralia MC. Evaluation of Cell-Specific Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease and Relevance of In Vitro Models. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2187. [PMID: 38137009 PMCID: PMC10743149 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder classically characterized by two neuropathological hallmarks: β-amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in AD are still elusive, which dampens the possibility of finding new and more effective therapeutic interventions. Current in vitro models are limited in modelling the complexity of AD pathogenesis. In this study, we aimed to characterize the AD expression signature upon a meta-analysis of multiple human datasets, including different cell populations from various brain regions, and compare cell-specific alterations in AD patients and in vitro models to highlight the appropriateness and the limitations of the currently available models in recapitulating AD pathology. The meta-analysis showed consistent enrichment of the Rho GTPases signaling pathway among different cell populations and in the models. The accuracy of in vitro models was higher for neurons and lowest for astrocytes. Our study underscores the particularly low fidelity in modelling down-regulated genes across all cell populations. The top enriched pathways arising from meta-analysis of human data differ from the enriched pathways arising from the overlap. We hope that our data will prove useful in indicating a starting point in the development of future, more complex, 3D in vitro models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Guido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (K.M.); (G.M.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Katia Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (K.M.); (G.M.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Lyubka Tancheva
- Department of Biological Effects of Natural and Synthetic Substances, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str. Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Department of Biological Effects of Natural and Synthetic Substances, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str. Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (R.K.)
- Department of Healthcare, South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Ivan Mihailov Str. 66, 2700 Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| | - Gian Marco Leone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (K.M.); (G.M.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrea Saraceno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (K.M.); (G.M.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (K.M.); (G.M.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (K.M.); (G.M.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Maria Cristina Petralia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jorfi M, Park J, Hall CK, Lin CCJ, Chen M, von Maydell D, Kruskop JM, Kang B, Choi Y, Prokopenko D, Irimia D, Kim DY, Tanzi RE. Infiltrating CD8 + T cells exacerbate Alzheimer's disease pathology in a 3D human neuroimmune axis model. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1489-1504. [PMID: 37620442 PMCID: PMC11184920 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Brain infiltration of peripheral immune cells and their interactions with brain-resident cells may contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. To examine these interactions, in the present study we developed a three-dimensional human neuroimmune axis model comprising stem cell-derived neurons, astrocytes and microglia, together with peripheral immune cells. We observed an increase in the number of T cells (but not B cells) and monocytes selectively infiltrating into AD relative to control cultures. Infiltration of CD8+ T cells into AD cultures led to increased microglial activation, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing, we identified that infiltration of T cells into AD cultures led to induction of interferon-γ and neuroinflammatory pathways in glial cells. We found key roles for the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and its receptor, CXCR3, in regulating T cell infiltration and neuronal damage in AD cultures. This human neuroimmune axis model is a useful tool to study the effects of peripheral immune cells in brain disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Jorfi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Joseph Park
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clare K Hall
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Chih-Chung Jerry Lin
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Meng Chen
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Djuna von Maydell
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jane M Kruskop
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Byunghoon Kang
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Younjung Choi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Dmitry Prokopenko
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Irimia
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Doo Yeon Kim
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maiuolo J, Costanzo P, Masullo M, D’Errico A, Nasso R, Bonacci S, Mollace V, Oliverio M, Arcone R. Hydroxytyrosol-Donepezil Hybrids Play a Protective Role in an In Vitro Induced Alzheimer's Disease Model and in Neuronal Differentiated Human SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13461. [PMID: 37686262 PMCID: PMC10488223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative pathology among progressive dementias, and it is characterized by the accumulation in the brain of extracellular aggregates of beta-amyloid proteins and neurofibrillary intracellular tangles consisting of τ-hyperphosphorylated proteins. Under normal conditions, beta-amyloid peptides exert important trophic and antioxidant roles, while their massive presence leads to a cascade of events culminating in the onset of AD. The fibrils of beta-amyloid proteins are formed by the process of fibrillogenesis that, starting from individual monomers of beta-amyloid, can generate polymers of this protein, constituting the hypothesis of the "amyloid cascade". To date, due to the lack of pharmacological treatment for AD without toxic side effects, chemical research is directed towards the realization of hybrid compounds that can act as an adjuvant in the treatment of this neurodegenerative pathology. The hybrid compounds used in this work include moieties of a hydroxytyrosol, a nitrohydroxytyrosol, a tyrosol, and a homovanillyl alcohol bound to the N-benzylpiperidine moiety of donepezil, the main drug used in AD. Previous experiments have shown different properties of these hybrids, including low toxicity and antioxidant and chelating activities. The purpose of this work was to test the effects of hybrid compounds mixed with Aβ1-40 to induce fibrillogenesis and mimic AD pathogenesis. This condition has been studied both in test tubes and by an in vitro model of neuronal differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The results obtained from test tube experiments showed that some hybrids inhibit the activity of the enzymes AChE, BuChE, and BACE-1. Cell experiments suggested that hybrids could inhibit fibrillogenesis, negatively modulating caspase-3. They were also shown to exert antioxidant effects, and the acetylated hybrids were found to be more functional and efficient than nonacetylated forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maiuolo
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paola Costanzo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12C, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Mariorosario Masullo
- Department of Movement Science and Well-Being, University “Parthenope” of Naples, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Antonio D’Errico
- Department of Movement Science and Well-Being, University “Parthenope” of Naples, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Rosarita Nasso
- Department of Movement Science and Well-Being, University “Parthenope” of Naples, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Sonia Bonacci
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy (M.O.)
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Manuela Oliverio
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy (M.O.)
| | - Rosaria Arcone
- Department of Movement Science and Well-Being, University “Parthenope” of Naples, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (R.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu Z, Chao J, Wang C, Sun G, Roeth D, Liu W, Chen X, Li L, Tian E, Feng L, Davtyan H, Blurton-Jones M, Kalkum M, Shi Y. Astrocytic response mediated by the CLU risk allele inhibits OPC proliferation and myelination in a human iPSC model. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112841. [PMID: 37494190 PMCID: PMC10510531 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The C allele of rs11136000 variant in the clusterin (CLU) gene represents the third strongest known genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. However, whether this single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is functional and what the underlying mechanisms are remain unclear. In this study, the CLU rs11136000 SNP is identified as a functional variant by a small-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screen. Astrocytes derived from isogenic induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) carrying the "C" or "T" allele of the CLU rs11136000 SNP exhibit different CLU expression levels. TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) preferentially binds to the "C" allele to promote CLU expression and exacerbate inflammation. The interferon response and CXCL10 expression are elevated in cytokine-treated C/C astrocytes, leading to inhibition of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) proliferation and myelination. Accordingly, elevated CLU and CXCL10 but reduced myelin basic protein (MBP) expression are detected in human brains of C/C carriers. Our study uncovers a mechanism underlying reduced white matter integrity observed in the CLU rs11136000 risk "C" allele carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Liu
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jianfei Chao
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Guihua Sun
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Daniel Roeth
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Xianwei Chen
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - E Tian
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Lizhao Feng
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hayk Davtyan
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments & Neurological Disorders and Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments & Neurological Disorders and Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Markus Kalkum
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lu J, Zeng X, Feng Y, Li S, Wang Y, Liu Y, Chen F, Guan Z, Chen T, Wei F. Inhibitory effects of Jasminum grandiflorum L. essential oil on lipopolysaccharide-induced microglia activation-integrated characteristic analysis of volatile compounds, network pharmacology, and BV-2 cell. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1180618. [PMID: 37601063 PMCID: PMC10436289 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1180618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is considered to have a prominent role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, and modulating microglia activation is a promising strategy to prevent AD. Essential oil of Jasminum grandiflorum L. flowers is commonly used in folk medicine for the relief of mental pressure and disorders, and analyzing the volatile compound profiles and evaluating the inhibitory effects of J. grandiflorum L. essential oil (JGEO) on the excessive activation of microglia are valuable for its application. This study aims to explore the potential active compounds in JGEO for treating AD by inhibiting microglia activation-integrated network pharmacology, molecular docking, and the microglia model. A headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry procedure was used to analyze the volatile characteristics of the compounds in J. grandiflorum L. flowers at 50°C, 70°C, 90°C, and 100°C for 50 min, respectively. A network pharmacological analysis and molecular docking were used to predict the key compounds, key targets, and binding energies based on the detected compounds in JGEO. In the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 cell model, the cells were treated with 100 ng/mL of LPS and JGEO at 7.5, 15.0, and 30 μg/mL, and then, the morphological changes, the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species, and the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 of BV-2 cells were analyzed. A total of 34 compounds with significantly different volatilities were identified. α-Hexylcinnamaldehyde, nerolidol, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, dodecanal, and decanal were predicted as the top five key compounds, and SRC, EGFR, VEGFA, HSP90AA1, and ESR1 were the top five key targets. In addition, the binding energies between them were less than -3.9 kcal/mol. BV-2 cells were activated by LPS with morphological changes, and JGEO not only could clearly reverse the changes but also significantly inhibited the production of NO and reactive oxygen species and suppressed the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1. The findings indicate that JGEO could inhibit the overactivation of microglia characterized by decreasing the neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress responses through the multi-compound and multi-target action modes, which support the traditional use of JGEO in treating neuroinflammation-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyi Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Rapid Drug Detection Technology, Guangdong Institute for Drug Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youlin Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feilong Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfeng Guan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fenghuan Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Iadecola C, Smith EE, Anrather J, Gu C, Mishra A, Misra S, Perez-Pinzon MA, Shih AY, Sorond FA, van Veluw SJ, Wellington CL. The Neurovasculome: Key Roles in Brain Health and Cognitive Impairment: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2023; 54:e251-e271. [PMID: 37009740 PMCID: PMC10228567 DOI: 10.1161/str.0000000000000431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preservation of brain health has emerged as a leading public health priority for the aging world population. Advances in neurovascular biology have revealed an intricate relationship among brain cells, meninges, and the hematic and lymphatic vasculature (the neurovasculome) that is highly relevant to the maintenance of cognitive function. In this scientific statement, a multidisciplinary team of experts examines these advances, assesses their relevance to brain health and disease, identifies knowledge gaps, and provides future directions. METHODS Authors with relevant expertise were selected in accordance with the American Heart Association conflict-of-interest management policy. They were assigned topics pertaining to their areas of expertise, reviewed the literature, and summarized the available data. RESULTS The neurovasculome, composed of extracranial, intracranial, and meningeal vessels, as well as lymphatics and associated cells, subserves critical homeostatic functions vital for brain health. These include delivering O2 and nutrients through blood flow and regulating immune trafficking, as well as clearing pathogenic proteins through perivascular spaces and dural lymphatics. Single-cell omics technologies have unveiled an unprecedented molecular heterogeneity in the cellular components of the neurovasculome and have identified novel reciprocal interactions with brain cells. The evidence suggests a previously unappreciated diversity of the pathogenic mechanisms by which disruption of the neurovasculome contributes to cognitive dysfunction in neurovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, providing new opportunities for the prevention, recognition, and treatment of these conditions. CONCLUSIONS These advances shed new light on the symbiotic relationship between the brain and its vessels and promise to provide new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for brain disorders associated with cognitive dysfunction.
Collapse
|
11
|
Li Q, Zhou L, Qin S, Huang Z, Li B, Liu R, Yang M, Nice EC, Zhu H, Huang C. Proteolysis-targeting chimeras in biotherapeutics: Current trends and future applications. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115447. [PMID: 37229829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The success of inhibitor-based therapeutics is largely constrained by the acquisition of therapeutic resistance, which is partially driven by the undruggable proteome. The emergence of proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology, designed for degrading proteins involved in specific biological processes, might provide a novel framework for solving the above constraint. A heterobifunctional PROTAC molecule could structurally connect an E3 ubiquitin ligase ligand with a protein of interest (POI)-binding ligand by chemical linkers. Such technology would result in the degradation of the targeted protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), opening up a novel way of selectively inhibiting undruggable proteins. Herein, we will highlight the advantages of PROTAC technology and summarize the current understanding of the potential mechanisms involved in biotherapeutics, with a particular focus on its application and development where therapeutic benefits over classical small-molecule inhibitors have been achieved. Finally, we discuss how this technology can contribute to developing biotherapeutic drugs, such as antivirals against infectious diseases, for use in clinical practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Zhao Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Bowen Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Ruolan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Mei Yang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Huili Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Su S, Chen G, Gao M, Zhong G, Zhang Z, Wei D, Luo X, Wang Q. Kai-Xin-San protects against mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease through SIRT3/NLRP3 pathway. Chin Med 2023; 18:26. [PMID: 36918872 PMCID: PMC10012453 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kai-Xin-San (KXS) has been reported to have a good curative impact on dementia. The purpose of the study was to determine whether KXS might ameliorate cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice and to evaluate its neuroprotective mechanism. METHODS APP/PS1 mice were employed as an AD animal model; Aβ1-42 and KXS-containing serum were used in HT22 cells. Four different behavioral tests were used to determine the cognitive ability of mice. Nissl staining was utilized to detect hippocampal neuron changes. ROS, SOD, and MDA were used to detect oxidative stress levels. Transmission electron microscopy and Western blot were used to evaluate mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial division, and fusion state. Western blotting and immunofluorescence identified PSD95, BDNF, NGF, SYN, SIRT3, and NLRP3 inflammasome levels. RESULTS The results indicated that KXS protected APP/PS1 mice against cognitive impairments. KXS suppressed neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress among APP/PS1 mice. KXS and KXS-containing serum improved mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic and neurotrophic factors regarding APP/PS1 mice. In addition, KXS and KXS-containing serum enhanced mitochondrial SIRT3 expression and reduced NLRP3 inflammasome expression in APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSION KXS improves cognitive dysfunction among APP/PS1 mice via regulating SIRT3-mediated neuronal cell apoptosis. These results suggested that KXS was proposed as a neuroprotective agent for AD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ShiJie Su
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongcan Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghuang Gao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangcheng Zhong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zerong Zhang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongyun Wei
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kondo T, Yada Y, Ikeuchi T, Inoue H. CDiP technology for reverse engineering of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. J Hum Genet 2023; 68:231-235. [PMID: 35680997 PMCID: PMC9968655 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes cognitive impairment for which neither treatable nor preventable approaches have been confirmed. Although genetic factors are considered to contribute to sporadic AD, for the majority of AD patients, the exact causes of AD aren't fully understood. For AD genetics, we developed cellular dissection of polygenicity (CDiP) technology to identify the smallest unit of AD, i.e., genetic factors at a cellular level. By CDiP, we found potential therapeutic targets, a rare variant for disease stratification, and polygenes to predict real-world AD by using the real-world data of AD cohort studies (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: ADNI and Japanese Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: J-ADNI). In this review, we describe the components and results of CDiP in AD, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) cohort, a cell genome-wide association study (cell GWAS), and machine learning. And finally, we discuss the future perspectives of CDiP technology for reverse engineering of sporadic AD toward AD eradication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kondo
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
- iPSC-based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yada
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- iPSC-based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan.
- iPSC-based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto, Japan.
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xu LZ, Li BQ, Li FY, Li Y, Qin W, Zhao Y, Jia JP. NMDA Receptor GluN2B Subunit Is Involved in Excitotoxicity Mediated by Death-Associated Protein Kinase 1 in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:877-893. [PMID: 36502323 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia among the elderly. Excitotoxicity has been implicated as playing a dominant role in AD, especially related to the hyperactivation of excitatory neurons. Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) is a calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase and involved in the pathogenesis of AD, but the roles and mechanisms of DAPK1 in excitotoxicity in AD are still uncertain. OBJECTIVE We mainly explored the underlying mechanisms of DAPK1 involved in the excitotoxicity of AD and its clinical relevance. METHODS Differentiated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, PS1 V97 L transgenic mice, and human plasma samples were used. Protein expression was assayed by immunoblotting, and intracellular calcium and neuronal damage were analyzed by flow cytometry. Plasma DAPK1 was measured by ELISA. RESULTS We found that DAPK1 was activated after amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) exposure in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Besides, we found the phosphorylation of GluN2B subunit at Ser1303 was increased, which contributing to excitotoxicity and Ca2+ overload in SH-SY5Y cells. Inhibiting DAPK1 activity, knockdown of DAPK1 expression, and antagonizing GluN2B subunits could effectively prevent AβOs-induced activation of GluN2B subunit, Ca2+ overload, and neuronal apoptosis. Additionally, we found that DAPK1 was elevated in the brain of AD transgenic mouse and in the plasma of AD patients. CONCLUSION Our finding will help to understand the mechanism of DAPK1 in the excitotoxicity in AD and provide a reference for the diagnosis and therapy of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Zhi Xu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Qiu Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Yu Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China.,Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Regulated cell death predominantly involves apoptosis, autophagy, and regulated necrosis. It is vital that we understand how key regulatory signals can control the process of cell death. Pin1 is a cis-trans isomerase that catalyzes the isomerization of phosphorylated serine or threonine-proline motifs of a protein, thereby acting as a crucial molecular switch and regulating the protein functionality and the signaling pathways involved. However, we know very little about how Pin1-associated pathways might play a role in regulated cell death. In this paper, we review the role of Pin1 in regulated cell death and related research progress and summarize Pin1-related pathways in regulated cell death. Aside from the involvement of Pin1 in the apoptosis that accompanies neurodegenerative diseases, accumulating evidence suggests that Pin1 also plays a role in regulated necrosis and autophagy, thereby exhibiting distinct effects, including both neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects. Gaining an enhanced understanding of Pin1 in neuronal death may provide us with new options for the development of therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
|
16
|
Yuan Y, Sun J, Dong Q, Cui M. Blood-brain barrier endothelial cells in neurodegenerative diseases: Signals from the "barrier". Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1047778. [PMID: 36908787 PMCID: PMC9998532 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1047778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption emerges as a common problem in the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases, the crucial roles of barrier-type brain endothelial cells (BECs), the primary part of the BBB, have been reported in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. The mechanisms of how early vascular dysfunction contributes to the progress of neurodegeneration are still unclear, and understanding BEC functions is a promising start. Our understanding of the BBB has gone through different stages, from a passive diffusion barrier to a mediator of central-peripheral interactions. BECs serve two seemingly paradoxical roles: as a barrier to protect the delicate brain from toxins and as an interface to constantly receive and release signals, thus maintaining and regulating the homeostasis of the brain. Most previous studies about neurodegenerative diseases focus on the loss of barrier functions, and far too little attention has been paid to the active regulations of BECs. In this review, we present the current evidence of BEC dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases and explore how BEC signals participate in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education (MOE) Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Cui
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education (MOE) Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chung WG, Kim E, Song H, Lee J, Lee S, Lim K, Jeong I, Park JU. Recent Advances in Electrophysiological Recording Platforms for Brain and Heart Organoids. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Won Gi Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Enji Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jakyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeonghee Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Inhea Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Ung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
- KIURI Institute Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cakir B, Kiral FR, Park IH. Advanced in vitro models: Microglia in action. Neuron 2022; 110:3444-3457. [PMID: 36327894 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), microglia carry out multiple tasks related to brain development, maintenance of brain homeostasis, and function of the CNS. Recent advanced in vitro model systems allow us to perform more detailed and specific analyses of microglial functions in the CNS. The development of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs)-based 2D and 3D cell culture methods, particularly advancements in brain organoid models, offers a better platform to dissect microglial function in various contexts. Despite the improvement of these methods, there are still definite restrictions. Understanding their drawbacks and benefits ensures their proper use. In this primer, we review current developments regarding in vitro microglial production and characterization and their use to address fundamental questions about microglial function in healthy and diseased states, and we discuss potential future improvements with a particular emphasis on brain organoid models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Cakir
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Ferdi Ridvan Kiral
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - In-Hyun Park
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pinals RL, Tsai LH. Building in vitro models of the brain to understand the role of APOE in Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/11/e202201542. [PMID: 36167428 PMCID: PMC9515460 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating, complex, and incurable disease that represents an increasingly problematic global health issue. The etiology of sporadic AD that accounts for a vast majority of cases remains poorly understood, with no effective therapeutic interventions. Genetic studies have identified AD risk genes including the most prominent, APOE, of which the ɛ4 allele increases risk in a dose-dependent manner. A breakthrough discovery enabled the creation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) that can be differentiated into various brain cell types, facilitating AD research in genetically human models. Herein, we provide a brief background on AD in the context of APOE susceptibility and feature work employing hiPSC-derived brain cell and tissue models to interrogate the contribution of APOE in driving AD pathology. Such models have delivered crucial insights into cellular mechanisms and cell type-specific roles underlying the perturbed biological functions that trigger pathogenic cascades and propagate neurodegeneration. Collectively, hiPSC-based models are envisioned to be an impactful platform for uncovering fundamental AD understanding, with high translational value toward AD drug discovery and testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Pinals
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA .,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Divergent Cellular Energetics, Glutamate Metabolism, and Mitochondrial Function Between Human and Mouse Cerebral Cortex. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:7495-7512. [PMID: 36201140 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Disruptions of brain energy and neurotransmitter metabolism are associated with several pathological conditions including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Transgenic rodent models, and in vitro preparations hereof, are often applied for studying pathological aspects of brain metabolism. However, despite the conserved cerebral development across mammalian species, distinct differences in cellular composition and structure may influence metabolism of the rodent and human brain. To address this, we investigated the metabolic function of acutely isolated brain slices and non-synaptic mitochondria obtained from the cerebral cortex of mice and neurosurgically resected neocortical tissue of humans. Utilizing dynamic isotope labeling with 13C-enriched metabolic substrates, we show that metabolism of glucose, acetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, and glutamine operates at lower rates in human cerebral cortical slices when compared to mouse slices. In contrast, human cerebral cortical slices display a higher capacity for converting exogenous glutamate into glutamine, which subsequently supports neuronal GABA synthesis, whereas mouse slices primarily convert glutamate into aspartate. In line with the reduced metabolic rate of the human brain slices, isolated non-synaptic mitochondria of the human cerebral cortex have a lower oxygen consumption rate when provided succinate as substrate. However, when provided pyruvate and malate, human mitochondria display a higher coupled respiration and lower proton leak, signifying a more efficient mitochondrial coupling compared to mouse mitochondria. This study reveals key differences between mouse and human brain metabolism concerning both neurons and astrocytes, which must be taken into account when applying in vitro rodent preparations as a model system of the human brain.
Collapse
|
21
|
Turknett J, Wood TR. Demand Coupling Drives Neurodegeneration: A Model of Age-Related Cognitive Decline and Dementia. Cells 2022; 11:2789. [PMID: 36139364 PMCID: PMC9496827 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The societal burden of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and other major forms of dementia continues to grow, and multiple pharmacological agents directed towards modifying the pathological "hallmarks" of AD have yielded disappointing results. Though efforts continue towards broadening and deepening our knowledge and understanding of the mechanistic and neuropathological underpinnings of AD, our previous failures motivate a re-examination of how we conceptualize AD pathology and progression. In addition to not yielding effective treatments, the phenotypically heterogeneous biological processes that have been the primary area of focus to date have not been adequately shown to be necessary or sufficient to explain the risk and progression of AD. On the other hand, a growing body of evidence indicates that lifestyle and environment represent the ultimate level of causation for AD and age-related cognitive decline. Specifically, the decline in cognitive demands over the lifespan plays a central role in driving the structural and functional deteriorations of the brain. In the absence of adequate cognitive stimulus, physiological demand-function coupling leads to downregulation of growth, repair, and homeostatic processes, resulting in deteriorating brain tissue health, function, and capacity. In this setting, the heterogeneity of associated neuropathological tissue hallmarks then occurs as a consequence of an individual's genetic and environmental background and are best considered downstream markers of the disease process rather than specific targets for direct intervention. In this manuscript we outline the evidence for a demand-driven model of age-related cognitive decline and dementia and why it mandates a holistic approach to dementia treatment and prevention that incorporates the primary upstream role of cognitive demand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josh Turknett
- Brainjo Center for Neurology and Cognitive Enhancement, Atlanta, GA 30076, USA
| | - Thomas R. Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL 32502, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen N, Wang XC, Fan LL, Zhu YH, Wang Q, Chen YB. Berberine ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment through Sirt1/Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway in C57BL/6J mice. Rejuvenation Res 2022; 25:233-242. [PMID: 36029207 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2022.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response is the stress reactions to infection or injury so as to help the body return to normal as soon as possible. In central nervous system, the over activated immune system causes irreversible damage to neurons and synapses,which results in cognitive impairment. Berberine,an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from Coptidis Rhizoma,plays a powerful role in anti-inflammation.It has been reported that berberine significantly improved the decline of cognitive ability.Therefore,we carried out this work to find out the specific mechanism.We tested behaviourally that berberine administration did improve lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive impairment in C57BL/6J mice. We found that berberine reduced neuronal damage in the hippocampus by Nissl staining, and verified by Western blot and immunofluorescence that berberine improved LPS-induced cognitive impairment through the SIRT1/NRF2/NF-κB signaling pathway.The results showed that berberine plays an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant role by targeting SIRT1/NRF2/NFκB signaling pathway so as to reduce the cognitive impairment and neuronal damage caused by lipopolysaccharide in C57BL/6J mice.Berberine pre-protection increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) after activating nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (NRF2), and inhibited the activation of NF-κB and the release of iNOS, which may be related to berberine activating SIRT1. However,the effect of reducing inflammatory response was inhibited after using SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 in vitro.This research explains the significance of anti-inflammatory in the treatment of cognitive impairment from different angles. Key words: berberine;lipopolysaccharide;cognitive impairment; neuroinflammation; SIRT1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China, 510006;
| | | | - Ling-Ling Fan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Yu-Huang Zhu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Qi Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China;
| | - Yun-Bo Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
1-L Transcription in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3533-3551. [PMID: 36005139 PMCID: PMC9406503 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44080243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a very complex disease and better explanations and models are needed to understand how neurons are affected and microglia are activated. A new model of Alzheimer’s disease is presented here, the β-amyloid peptide is considered an important RNA recognition/binding peptide. 1-L transcription revealed compatible sequences with AAUAAA (PAS signal) and UUUC (class III ARE rich in U) in the Aβ peptide, supporting the peptide–RNA regulatory model. When a hypothetical model of fibril selection with the prionic character of amyloid assemblies is added to the peptide-RNA regulatory model, the downregulation of the PI3K-Akt pathway and the upregulation of the PLC-IP3 pathway are well explained. The model explains why neurons are less protected from inflammation and why microglia are activated; why mitochondria are destabilized; why the autophagic flux is destabilized; and why the post-transcriptional attenuation of the axonal signal “noise” is interrupted. For example, the model suggests that Aβ peptide may post-transcriptionally control ELAVL2 (ELAV-like RNA binding protein 2) and DCP2 (decapping mRNA protein 2), which are known to regulate RNA processing, transport, and stability.
Collapse
|
24
|
Andersen JV, Schousboe A, Verkhratsky A. Astrocyte energy and neurotransmitter metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: integration of the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 217:102331. [PMID: 35872221 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes contribute to the complex cellular pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neurons and astrocytes function in close collaboration through neurotransmitter recycling, collectively known as the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle, which is essential to sustain neurotransmission. Neurotransmitter recycling is intimately linked to astrocyte energy metabolism. In the course of AD, astrocytes undergo extensive metabolic remodeling, which may profoundly affect the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle. The consequences of altered astrocyte function and metabolism in relation to neurotransmitter recycling are yet to be comprehended. Metabolic alterations of astrocytes in AD deprive neurons of metabolic support, thereby contributing to synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration. In addition, several astrocyte-specific components of the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle, including glutamine synthesis and synaptic neurotransmitter uptake, are perturbed in AD. Integration of the complex astrocyte biology within the context of AD is essential for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of the disease, while restoring astrocyte metabolism may serve as an approach to arrest or even revert clinical progression of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, 48011 Bilbao, Spain; Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-01102 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zeng M, Feng A, Li M, Liu M, Guo P, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Zhang B, Cao B, Jia J, Wang R, Lyu J, Zheng X. Corallodiscus flabellata B. L. Burtt extract and isonuomioside A ameliorate Aβ 25-35-induced brain injury by inhibiting apoptosis, oxidative stress, and autophagy via the NMDAR2B/CamK Ⅱ/PKG pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154114. [PMID: 35489325 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corallodiscus flabellata B. L. Burtt, a traditional Chinese folk medicine used for amnesia, can significantly improve brain injury; however, its active components and underlying mechanism of action remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects and underlying mechanism of action of Corallodiscus flabellata B. L. Burtt (SDC) extract and isolated isonuomioside A (isA) on Aβ25-35-induced brain injury. METHODS SDC extract (155 mg/kg, i.g.) or IsA (20 mg/kg, i.g.) was administered over a period of 4 weeks, following which brain injury was induced by Aβ25-35 infusion (200 µM, 3 µl/20 g, i.c.v.). Network pharmacology research gathered existing data on the effects of SDC on Alzheimer's disease. Learning and memory ability, neuronal damage, and the levels of Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40, p-Tau, apoptosis, oxidative stress, autophagy, immune cells, NMDAR2B, p-CamK Ⅱ, and PKG were examined. Furthermore, the antagonistic effect of MK-801 (NMDA receptor blocker, 10 µM) in the presence of isA (10 µM) or SDC extract (20 µg/ml) was investigated in Aβ25-35 (20 µM, 24 h)-induced PC-12 and N9 cells to evaluate whether the observed effects elicited by isA and SDC extract were mediated via the NMDAR2B/CamK Ⅱ/PKG pathway. RESULTS IsA and SDC extract improved learning and memory ability, reduced neuronal damage, downregulated Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40, p-Tau, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and autophagy, transformed immune cells, and increased the expression levels of NMDAR2B, p-CamK Ⅱ, and PKG following Aβ25-35 challenge. Moreover, MK-801 blocked the effects of isA and SDC extract on apoptosis, ROS levels, and autophagy in Aβ25-35-induced N9 and PC-12 cells, indicating that isA and SDC extract likely exert neuroprotective effects via the NMDAR2B/CamK Ⅱ/PKG pathway. CONCLUSION IsA and SDC extract ameliorate Aβ25-35-induced brain injury by inhibiting apoptosis, oxidative stress, and autophagy, which likely occurs via the NMDAR2B/CamK Ⅱ/PKG pathway. These findings may help to elucidate new therapeutic targets and facilitate the development of drugs for the clinical treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aozi Feng
- Department of Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengli Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qinqin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bing Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jufang Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ru Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Department of Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|