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Hu H, Zarate CA, Verbalis J. Arginine vasopressin in mood disorders: A potential biomarker of disease pathology and a target for pharmacologic intervention. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38923665 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Vasopressin or arginine-vasopressin (AVP) is a neuropeptide molecule known for its antidiuretic effects and serves to regulate plasma osmolality and blood pressure. The existing literature suggests that AVP plays a multifaceted-though less well-known-role in the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in relation to the pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorders. Animal models have demonstrated that AVP is implicated in regulating social cognition, affiliative and prosocial behaviors, and aggression, often in conjunction with oxytocin. In humans, AVP is implicated in mood disorders through its effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis as well as on the serotoninergic and glutamatergic systems. Measuring plasma AVP has yielded interesting but mixed results in mood and stress-related disorders. Recent advances have led to the development of copeptin as a stable and reliable surrogate biomarker for AVP. Another interesting but relatively unexplored issue is the interaction between the osmoregulatory system and mood disorder pathophysiology, given that psychotropic medications often cause dysregulation of AVP receptor expression or signaling that can subsequently lead to clinical syndromes like syndrome of inappropriate diuresis and diabetes insipidus. Finally, pharmaceutical trials of agents that act on V1a and V1b receptor antagonists are still underway. This narrative review summarizes: (1) the neurobiology of the vasopressinergic system in the CNS; (2) the interaction between AVP and the monoaminergic and glutamatergic pathways in the pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorders; (3) the iatrogenic AVP dysregulation caused by psychotropic medications; and (4) the pharmaceutical development of AVP receptor antagonists for the treatment of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Hu
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph Verbalis
- Department of Endocrinology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Roy RK, Yao Y, Green IK, Aitken AV, Biancardi VC, Silver R, Stern JE. Blood flows from the SCN toward the OVLT within a new brain vascular portal pathway. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn8350. [PMID: 38905332 PMCID: PMC11192075 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn8350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) sets the phase of oscillation throughout the brain and body. Anatomical evidence reveals a portal system linking the SCN and the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), begging the question of the direction of blood flow and the nature of diffusible signals that flow in this specialized vasculature. Using a combination of anatomical and in vivo two-photon imaging approaches, we unequivocally show that blood flows unidirectionally from the SCN to the OVLT, that blood flow rate displays daily oscillations with a higher rate at night than in the day, and that circulating vasopressin can access portal vessels. These findings highlight a previously unknown central nervous system communication pathway, which, like that of the pituitary portal system, could allow neurosecretions to reach nearby target sites in OVLT, avoiding dilution in the systemic blood. In both of these brain portal pathways, the target sites relay signals broadly to both the brain and the rest of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan K. Roy
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yifan Yao
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Andrew V. Aitken
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Vinicia C. Biancardi
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Rae Silver
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Zukerman Institute Affiliate, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Javier E. Stern
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Ono D, Weaver DR, Hastings MH, Honma KI, Honma S, Silver R. The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus at 50: Looking Back, Then Looking Forward. J Biol Rhythms 2024; 39:135-165. [PMID: 38366616 PMCID: PMC7615910 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231225706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
It has been 50 years since the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) was first identified as the central circadian clock and 25 years since the last overview of developments in the field was published in the Journal of Biological Rhythms. Here, we explore new mechanisms and concepts that have emerged in the subsequent 25 years. Since 1997, methodological developments, such as luminescent and fluorescent reporter techniques, have revealed intricate relationships between cellular and network-level mechanisms. In particular, specific neuropeptides such as arginine vasopressin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and gastrin-releasing peptide have been identified as key players in the synchronization of cellular circadian rhythms within the SCN. The discovery of multiple oscillators governing behavioral and physiological rhythms has significantly advanced our understanding of the circadian clock. The interaction between neurons and glial cells has been found to play a crucial role in regulating these circadian rhythms within the SCN. Furthermore, the properties of the SCN network vary across ontogenetic stages. The application of cell type-specific genetic manipulations has revealed components of the functional input-output system of the SCN and their correlation with physiological functions. This review concludes with the high-risk effort of identifying open questions and challenges that lie ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ono
- Stress Recognition and Response, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - David R Weaver
- Department of Neurobiology and NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael H Hastings
- Division of Neurobiology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ken-Ichi Honma
- Research and Education Center for Brain Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Disorders, Sapporo Hanazono Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sato Honma
- Research and Education Center for Brain Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Disorders, Sapporo Hanazono Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rae Silver
- Stress Recognition and Response, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Neuroscience & Behavior, Barnard College and Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
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Mitchell JW, Gillette MU. Development of circadian neurovascular function and its implications. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1196606. [PMID: 37732312 PMCID: PMC10507717 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1196606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular system forms the interface between the tissue of the central nervous system (CNS) and circulating blood. It plays a critical role in regulating movement of ions, small molecules, and cellular regulators into and out of brain tissue and in sustaining brain health. The neurovascular unit (NVU), the cells that form the structural and functional link between cells of the brain and the vasculature, maintains the blood-brain interface (BBI), controls cerebral blood flow, and surveils for injury. The neurovascular system is dynamic; it undergoes tight regulation of biochemical and cellular interactions to balance and support brain function. Development of an intrinsic circadian clock enables the NVU to anticipate rhythmic changes in brain activity and body physiology that occur over the day-night cycle. The development of circadian neurovascular function involves multiple cell types. We address the functional aspects of the circadian clock in the components of the NVU and their effects in regulating neurovascular physiology, including BBI permeability, cerebral blood flow, and inflammation. Disrupting the circadian clock impairs a number of physiological processes associated with the NVU, many of which are correlated with an increased risk of dysfunction and disease. Consequently, understanding the cell biology and physiology of the NVU is critical to diminishing consequences of impaired neurovascular function, including cerebral bleeding and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W. Mitchell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Wang J, Lv F, Yin W, Gao Z, Liu H, Wang Z, Sun J. The organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and subfornical organ: regulation of thirst. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1223836. [PMID: 37732311 PMCID: PMC10507174 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1223836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Thirst and water intake are regulated by the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) and subfornical organ (SFO), located around the anteroventral third ventricle, which plays a critical role in sensing dynamic changes in sodium and water balance in body fluids. Meanwhile, neural circuits involved in thirst regulation and intracellular mechanisms underlying the osmosensitive function of OVLT and SFO are reviewed. Having specific Nax channels in the glial cells and other channels (such as TRPV1 and TRPV4), the OVLT and SFO detect the increased Na+ concentration or hyperosmolality to orchestrate osmotic stimuli to the insular and cingulate cortex to evoke thirst. Meanwhile, the osmotic stimuli are relayed to the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) via direct neural projections or the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) to promote the secretion of vasopressin which plays a vital role in the regulation of body fluid homeostasis. Importantly, the vital role of OVLT in sleep-arousal regulation is discussed, where vasopressin is proposed as the mediator in the regulation when OVLT senses osmotic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fenglin Lv
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhanpeng Gao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Liu J, Si H, Huang D, Lu D, Zou S, Qi D, Pei X, Huang S, Li Z. Mechanisms of Extraorbital Lacrimal Gland Aging in Mice: An Integrative Analysis of the Temporal Transcriptome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:18. [PMID: 37695604 PMCID: PMC10501490 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.12.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study used high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and bioinformatics analysis to investigate the altered transcriptome profile of aging lacrimal glands in mice that occurs over the course of a 24-hour cycle. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice aged 12 weeks (young) and 20 months (aging) were housed in a pathogen-free setting with a 12-hour light/12-hour dark cycle. Throughout a 24-hour cycle, mouse extraorbital lacrimal glands (ELGs) were collected at eight time points at three-hour intervals. To prepare for the high-throughput RNA-Seq, whole mRNA was extracted. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the young and aging groups were subjected to bioinformatic analysis based on diurnal patterns. Furthermore, the cell populations in which significant DEGs express and signaling pathways occur were validated at the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) level. Results The total transcriptome composition was significantly altered in aging ELGs compared with that in young mouse ELGs at eight time points during the 24-hour cycle, with 864 upregulated and 228 downregulated DEGs, which were primarily enriched in inflammatory pathways. Further comparative analysis of the point-to-point transcriptome revealed that aging ELGs underwent alterations in the temporal transcriptome profile in several pathways, including the inflammation-related, metabolism-related, mitochondrial bioenergetic function-associated, synaptome neural activity-associated, cell processes-associated, DNA processing-associated and fibrosis-associated pathways. Most of these pathways occurred separately in distinct cell populations. Conclusions Transcriptome profiles of aging lacrimal glands undergo considerable diurnal time-dependent changes; this finding offers a comprehensive source of information to better understand the pathophysiology of lacrimal gland aging and its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangman Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongli Si
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Duliurui Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dingli Lu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sen Zou
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Qi
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Pei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shenzhen Huang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
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Davidson AJ, Beckner D, Bonnefont X. A Journey in the Brain's Clock: In Vivo Veritas? BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1136. [PMID: 37627020 PMCID: PMC10452196 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus contain the circadian pacemaker that coordinates mammalian rhythms in tune with the day-night cycle. Understanding the determinants of the intrinsic rhythmicity of this biological clock, its outputs, and resetting by environmental cues, has been a longstanding goal of the field. Integrated techniques of neurophysiology, including lesion studies and in vivo multi-unit electrophysiology, have been key to characterizing the rhythmic nature and outputs of the SCN in animal models. In parallel, reduced ex vivo and in vitro approaches have permitted us to unravel molecular, cellular, and multicellular mechanisms underlying the pacemaker properties of the SCN. New questions have emerged in recent years that will require combining investigation at a cell resolution within the physiological context of the living animal: What is the role of specific cell subpopulations in the SCN neural network? How do they integrate various external and internal inputs? What are the circuits involved in controlling other body rhythms? Here, we review what we have already learned about the SCN from in vivo studies, and how the recent development of new genetically encoded tools and cutting-edge imaging technology in neuroscience offers chronobiologists the opportunity to meet these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec J. Davidson
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA;
| | - Delaney Beckner
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA;
| | - Xavier Bonnefont
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
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Tsuno Y, Peng Y, Horike SI, Wang M, Matsui A, Yamagata K, Sugiyama M, Nakamura TJ, Daikoku T, Maejima T, Mieda M. In vivo recording of suprachiasmatic nucleus dynamics reveals a dominant role of arginine vasopressin neurons in circadian pacesetting. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002281. [PMID: 37643163 PMCID: PMC10465001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The central circadian clock of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is a network consisting of various types of neurons and glial cells. Individual cells have the autonomous molecular machinery of a cellular clock, but their intrinsic periods vary considerably. Here, we show that arginine vasopressin (AVP) neurons set the ensemble period of the SCN network in vivo to control the circadian behavior rhythm. Artificial lengthening of cellular periods by deleting casein kinase 1 delta (CK1δ) in the whole SCN lengthened the free-running period of behavior rhythm to an extent similar to CK1δ deletion specific to AVP neurons. However, in SCN slices, PER2::LUC reporter rhythms of these mice only partially and transiently recapitulated the period lengthening, showing a dissociation between the SCN shell and core with a period instability in the shell. In contrast, in vivo calcium rhythms of both AVP and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) neurons in the SCN of freely moving mice demonstrated stably lengthened periods similar to the behavioral rhythm upon AVP neuron-specific CK1δ deletion, without changing the phase relationships between each other. Furthermore, optogenetic activation of AVP neurons acutely induced calcium increase in VIP neurons in vivo. These results indicate that AVP neurons regulate other SCN neurons, such as VIP neurons, in vivo and thus act as a primary determinant of the SCN ensemble period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tsuno
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yubo Peng
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Horike
- Division of Integrated Omics Research, Research Center for Experimental Modeling of Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mohan Wang
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ayako Matsui
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kanato Yamagata
- Child Brain Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takahiro J. Nakamura
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takiko Daikoku
- Division of Animal Disease Model, Research Center for Experimental Modeling of Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Maejima
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mieda
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Zeman M, Okuliarova M, Rumanova VS. Disturbances of Hormonal Circadian Rhythms by Light Pollution. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087255. [PMID: 37108420 PMCID: PMC10138516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythms evolved to anticipate and cope with cyclic changes in environmental conditions. This adaptive function is currently compromised by increasing levels of artificial light at night (ALAN), which can represent a risk for the development of diseases of civilisation. The causal links are not completely understood, and this featured review focuses on the chronodisruption of the neuroendocrine control of physiology and behaviour by dim ALAN. The published data indicate that low levels of ALAN (2-5 lux) can attenuate the molecular mechanisms generating circadian rhythms in the central oscillator, eliminate the rhythmic changes in dominant hormonal signals, such as melatonin, testosterone and vasopressin, and interfere with the circadian rhythm of the dominant glucocorticoid corticosterone in rodents. These changes are associated with a disturbed daily pattern of metabolic changes and behavioural rhythms in activity and food and water intake. The increasing levels of ALAN require the identification of the pathways mediating possible negative consequences on health to design effective mitigation strategies to eliminate or minimise the effects of light pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Zeman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Okuliarova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Valentina Sophia Rumanova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Imamura M, Sasaki H, Hayashi K, Shibata S. Mid-Point of the Active Phase Is Better to Achieve the Natriuretic Effect of Acute Salt Load in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071679. [PMID: 37049519 PMCID: PMC10096866 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess sodium intake and insufficient potassium intake are a prominent global issue because of their influence on high blood pressure. Supplementation of potassium induces kaliuresis and natriuresis, which partially explains its antihypertensive effect. Balancing of minerals takes place in the kidney and is controlled by the circadian clock; in fact, various renal functions exhibit circadian rhythms. In our previous research, higher intake of potassium at lunch time was negatively associated with blood pressure, suggesting the importance of timing for sodium and potassium intake. However, the effects of intake timing on urinary excretion remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of 24 h urinary sodium and potassium excretion after acute sodium and potassium load with different timings in mice. Compared to other timings, the middle of the active phase resulted in higher urinary sodium and potassium excretion. In Clock mutant mice, in which the circadian clock is genetically disrupted, urinary excretion differences from intake timings were not observed. Restricted feeding during the inactive phase reversed the excretion timing difference, suggesting that a feeding-induced signal may cause this timing difference. Our results indicate that salt intake timing is important for urinary sodium and potassium excretion and provide new perspectives regarding hypertension prevention.
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11
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Sudbury JR, Zaelzer C, Trudel E, Bumagin A, Bourque CW. Synaptic control of rat magnocellular neurosecretory cells by warm-sensing neurons in the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13214. [PMID: 36426844 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Increases in core body temperature cause secretion of vasopressin (vasopressin, antidiuretic hormone) to promote water reabsorption and blunt water losses incurred through homeostatic evaporative cooling. Subtypes of transient receptor potential vanilloid (Trpv) channels have been shown to contribute to the intrinsic regulation of vasopressin-releasing magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN). However, MNCs in vivo can also be excited by local heating of the adjacent preoptic area, indicating they receive thermosensory information from other areas. Here, we investigated whether neurons in the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT) contribute to this process using in vitro electrophysiological approaches in male rats. We found that the majority of OVLT neurons are thermosensitive in the physiological range (36-39°C) and that this property is retained under conditions blocking synaptic transmission. A subset of these neurons could be antidromically activated by electrical stimulation in the SON. Whole cell recordings from SON MNCs revealed that heating significantly increases the rate of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPCSs), and that this response is abolished by lesions targeting the OVLT, but not by bilateral lesions placed in the adjacent preoptic area. Finally, local heating of the OVLT caused a significant excitation of MNCs in the absence of temperature changes in the SON, and this effect was blocked by inhibitors of ionotropic glutamate receptors. These findings indicate that the OVLT serves as an important thermosensory nucleus and contributes to the activation of MNCs during physiological heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Sudbury
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cristian Zaelzer
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Trudel
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anna Bumagin
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles W Bourque
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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12
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Chang S, Fermani F, Lao CL, Huang L, Jakovcevski M, Di Giaimo R, Gagliardi M, Menegaz D, Hennrich AA, Ziller M, Eder M, Klein R, Cai N, Deussing JM. Tripartite extended amygdala-basal ganglia CRH circuit drives locomotor activation and avoidance behavior. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo1023. [PMID: 36383658 PMCID: PMC9668302 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An adaptive stress response involves various mediators and circuits orchestrating a complex interplay of physiological, emotional, and behavioral adjustments. We identified a population of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the lateral part of the interstitial nucleus of the anterior commissure (IPACL), a subdivision of the extended amygdala, which exclusively innervate the substantia nigra (SN). Specific stimulation of this circuit elicits hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, locomotor activation, and avoidance behavior contingent on CRH receptor type 1 (CRHR1) located at axon terminals in the SN, which originate from external globus pallidus (GPe) neurons. The neuronal activity prompting the observed behavior is shaped by IPACLCRH and GPeCRHR1 neurons coalescing in the SN. These results delineate a previously unidentified tripartite CRH circuit functionally connecting extended amygdala and basal ganglia nuclei to drive locomotor activation and avoidance behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Chang
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Federica Fermani
- Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence (in foundation), Martinsried, Germany
| | - Chu-Lan Lao
- Collaborative Research Centre/Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB) 870, Viral Vector Facility, Munich, Germany
| | - Lianyun Huang
- Translational Genetics, Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mira Jakovcevski
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Rossella Di Giaimo
- Developmental Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples Italy
| | - Miriam Gagliardi
- Genomics of Complex Diseases, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Danusa Menegaz
- Scientific Core Unit Electrophysiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandru Adrian Hennrich
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute Virology, Medical Faculty, and Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Ziller
- Scientific Core Unit Electrophysiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Eder
- Scientific Core Unit Electrophysiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Klein
- Molecules-Signaling-Development, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence (in foundation), Martinsried, Germany
| | - Na Cai
- Translational Genetics, Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan M. Deussing
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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13
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Olejniczak I, Campbell B, Tsai YC, Tyagarajan SK, Albrecht U, Ripperger JA. Suprachiasmatic to paraventricular nuclei interaction generates normal food searching rhythms in mice. Front Physiol 2022; 13:909795. [PMID: 36277219 PMCID: PMC9582613 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.909795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Searching for food follows a well-organized decision process in mammals to take up food only if necessary. Moreover, scavenging is preferred during their activity phase. Various time-dependent regulatory processes have been identified originating from the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), which convert external light information into synchronizing output signals. However, a direct impact of the SCN on the timing of normal food searching has not yet been found. Here, we revisited the function of the SCN to affect when mice look for food. We found that this process was independent of light but modified by the palatability of the food source. Surprisingly, reducing the output from the SCN, in particular from the vasopressin releasing neurons, reduced the amount of scavenging during the early activity phase. The SCN appeared to transmit a signal to the paraventricular nuclei (PVN) via GABA receptor A1. Finally, the interaction of SCN and PVN was verified by retrograde transport-mediated complementation. None of the genetic manipulations affected the uptake of more palatable food. The data indicate that the PVN are sufficient to produce blunted food searching rhythms and are responsive to hedonistic feeding. Nevertheless, the search for normal food during the early activity phase is significantly enhanced by the SCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Olejniczak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Campbell
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yuan-Chen Tsai
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shiva K. Tyagarajan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Albrecht
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen A. Ripperger
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Jürgen A. Ripperger,
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14
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Hunt PJ, Kochukov M, Pekarek BT, Belfort BD, Romero JM, Swanson JL, Arenkiel BR. Co-transmitting neurons in the lateral septal nucleus exhibit features of neurotransmitter switching. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 12:390-398. [PMID: 35601692 PMCID: PMC9121281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The lateral septal nucleus (LSN) is a highly interconnected region of the central brain whose activity regulates widespread circuitry. As such, the mechanisms that govern neuronal activity within the LSN have far-reaching implications on numerous brain-wide nuclei, circuits, and behaviors. We found that GABAergic neurons within the LSN express markers that mediate the release of acetylcholine (ACh). Moreover, we show that these vGATLSN neurons release both GABA and ACh onto local glutamatergic LSN neurons. Using both short-term and long-term neuronal labeling techniques we observed expression of the cholinergic neuron marker Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT) in vGATLSN neurons. These findings provide evidence of cholinergic neurotransmission from vGATLSN neurons, and provide an impetus to examine dynamic co-neurotransmission changes as a potential mechanism that contributes to neuronal and circuit-wide plasticity within the LSN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Hunt
- Genetics and Genomics Program, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mikhail Kochukov
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brandon T. Pekarek
- Genetics and Genomics Program, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin D.W. Belfort
- Genetics and Genomics Program, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Juan M. Romero
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jessica L. Swanson
- Genetics and Genomics Program, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Arenkiel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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15
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Melatonin in ventricular and subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid: Its function in the neural glymphatic network and biological significance for neurocognitive health. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 605:70-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Lee R, McGee A, Fernandez FX. Systematic review of drugs that modify the circadian system's phase-shifting responses to light exposure. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:866-879. [PMID: 34961774 PMCID: PMC8882192 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We searched PubMed for primary research quantifying drug modification of light-induced circadian phase-shifting in rodents. This search, conducted for work published between 1960 and 2018, yielded a total of 146 papers reporting results from 901 studies. Relevant articles were those with any extractable data on phase resetting in wildtype (non-trait selected) rodents administered a drug, alongside a vehicle/control group, near or at the time of exposure. Most circadian pharmacology experiments were done using drugs thought to act directly on either the brain's central pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the SCN's primary relay, the retinohypothalamic tract, secondary pathways originating from the medial/dorsal raphe nuclei and intergeniculate leaflet, or the brain's sleep-arousal centers. While the neurotransmitter systems underlying these circuits were of particular interest, including those involving glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, and acetylcholine, other signaling modalities have also been assessed, including agonists and antagonists of receptors linked to dopamine, histamine, endocannabinoids, adenosine, opioids, and second-messenger pathways downstream of glutamate receptor activation. In an effort to identify drugs that unduly influence circadian responses to light, we quantified the net effects of each drug class by ratioing the size of the phase-shift observed after administration to that observed with vehicle in a given experiment. This allowed us to organize data across the literature, compare the relative efficacy of one mechanism versus another, and clarify which drugs might best suppress or potentiate phase resetting. Aggregation of the available data in this manner suggested that several candidates might be clinically relevant as auxiliary treatments to suppress ectopic light responses during shiftwork or amplify the circadian effects of timed bright light therapy. Future empirical research will be necessary to validate these possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Austin McGee
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Fabian-Xosé Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- BIO5 and McKnight Brain Research Institutes, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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17
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Rhoads MK, Speed JS, Roth KJ, Zhang D, Jin C, Gamble KL, Pollock DM. Short-term daytime restricted feeding in rats with high salt impairs diurnal variation of Na + excretion. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F335-F343. [PMID: 35100821 PMCID: PMC8896996 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00287.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Night shift work increases risk of cardiovascular disease associated with an irregular eating schedule. Elevating this risk is the high level of salt intake observed in the typical Western diet. Renal Na+ excretion has a distinct diurnal pattern, independent of time of intake, yet the interactions between the time of intake and the amount of salt ingested are not clear. The hypothesis of the present study was that limiting food intake to the typically inactive period in addition to high-salt (HS) feeding will disrupt the diurnal rhythm of renal Na+ excretion. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on either normal-salt (NS; 0.49% NaCl) or HS (4% NaCl) diets. Rats were housed in metabolic cages and allowed food ad libitum and then subjected to inactive period time-restricted feeding (iTRF) for 5 days. As expected, rats fed NS and allowed food ad libitum had a diurnal pattern of Na+ excretion. The diurnal pattern of Na+ excretion was not significantly different after 5 days of iTRF compared with ad libitum rats. In response to HS, the diurnal pattern of Na+ excretion was similar to NS-fed rats. However, this pattern was attenuated after 5 days of HS iTRF. The diurnal excretion pattern of urinary aldosterone was abolished in both NS iTRF and HS iTRF rats. These data support the hypothesis that HS intake combined with iTRF impairs circadian mechanisms associated with renal Na+ excretion.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Timing of food intake normally has little effect on the diurnal pattern of Na+ and water excretion. However, rats on a high-salt diet were unable to maintain this pattern, yet K+ excretion was more readily adjusted to match timing of intake. These data support the hypothesis that Na+ and water homeostasis are impacted by timing of high-salt diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K. Rhoads
- 1Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Joshua S. Speed
- 2Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Kaehler J. Roth
- 1Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Dingguo Zhang
- 1Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chunhua Jin
- 1Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Karen L. Gamble
- 1Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David M. Pollock
- 1Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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18
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Alwis US, Verbakel I, Pauwaert K, Delanghe J, Dossche L, Van Camp J, Roggeman S, Everaert K. The Influence of Salt Sensitivity Phenotype on Sodium Excretion and Diuresis: A Chrononutrition Pilot Study. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:9608962. [PMID: 35685516 PMCID: PMC9159230 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9608962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chrononutrition studies on interaction of diet/nutrients on endogenous circadian clocks and meal timing on metabolic homeostasis may be of importance in the management of nocturnal polyuria (NP), owing to loss of circadian rhythm in nighttime urination. Dietary salt restriction is an increasingly popular lifestyle recommendation for NP patients. AIM This study aims to evaluate the effect of an acute salt load on diuresis and to study the phenomenon of salt sensitivity. Methodology. Young, healthy men (n = 21, fasted and sober) ingested 500 ml of water on the control day and 8 g and 12 g of salt with water (500 ml) on two other days. Blood and urine samples were collected at 0 hrs, 2 hrs, and 4 hrs and voided volumes were recorded. Diuresis, serum and urine osmolality, sodium, potassium, urea, and creatinine were measured. Salt sensitivity was determined based on the rate of sodium excretion. RESULTS Compared to 8 g, ingestion of 12 g of salt significantly increased diuresis after 4 hrs. Pure water load induced fast diuresis, whereas salt and water load initially reduced diuresis and promoted late increase in diuresis. The total voided volume was significantly lower in the salt sensitive individuals. CONCLUSION Taken together, salt sensitivity profile and type and time of fluid intake are important considerations to build effective personalized lifestyle recommendations for NP patients, which needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina Verbakel
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim Pauwaert
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Delanghe
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Dossche
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Saskia Roggeman
- Research and Policy Department, Psychiatric Center Sint-Jan-Baptist, 9060 Zelzate, Belgium
| | - Karel Everaert
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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19
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Multi-Modal Regulation of Circadian Physiology by Interactive Features of Biological Clocks. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:biology11010021. [PMID: 35053019 PMCID: PMC8772734 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a fundamental biological timing mechanism that generates nearly 24 h rhythms of physiology and behaviors, including sleep/wake cycles, hormone secretion, and metabolism. Evolutionarily, the endogenous clock is thought to confer living organisms, including humans, with survival benefits by adapting internal rhythms to the day and night cycles of the local environment. Mirroring the evolutionary fitness bestowed by the circadian clock, daily mismatches between the internal body clock and environmental cycles, such as irregular work (e.g., night shift work) and life schedules (e.g., jet lag, mistimed eating), have been recognized to increase the risk of cardiac, metabolic, and neurological diseases. Moreover, increasing numbers of studies with cellular and animal models have detected the presence of functional circadian oscillators at multiple levels, ranging from individual neurons and fibroblasts to brain and peripheral organs. These oscillators are tightly coupled to timely modulate cellular and bodily responses to physiological and metabolic cues. In this review, we will discuss the roles of central and peripheral clocks in physiology and diseases, highlighting the dynamic regulatory interactions between circadian timing systems and multiple metabolic factors.
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20
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Goswamee P, Leggett E, McQuiston AR. Nucleus Reuniens Afferents in Hippocampus Modulate CA1 Network Function via Monosynaptic Excitation and Polysynaptic Inhibition. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:660897. [PMID: 34712120 PMCID: PMC8545856 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.660897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The thalamic midline nucleus reuniens modulates hippocampal CA1 and subiculum function via dense projections to the stratum lacunosum-moleculare (SLM). Previously, anatomical data has shown that reuniens inputs in the SLM form synapses with dendrites of both CA1 principal cells and inhibitory interneurons. However, the ability of thalamic inputs to excite the CA1 principal cells remains controversial. In addition, nothing is known about the impact of reuniens inputs on diverse subpopulations of interneurons in CA1. Therefore, using whole cell patch-clamp electrophysiology in ex vivo hippocampal slices of wild-type and transgenic mice, we measured synaptic responses in different CA1 neuronal subtypes to optogenetic stimulation of reuniens afferents. Our data shows that reuniens inputs mediate both excitation and inhibition of the CA1 principal cells. However, the optogenetic excitation of the reuniens inputs failed to drive action potential firing in the majority of the principal cells. While the excitatory postsynaptic currents were mediated via direct monosynaptic activation of the CA1 principal cells, the inhibitory postsynaptic currents were generated polysynaptically via activation of local GABAergic interneurons. Moreover, we demonstrate that optogenetic stimulation of reuniens inputs differentially recruit at least two distinct and non-overlapping subpopulations of local GABAergic interneurons in CA1. We show that neurogliaform cells located in SLM, and calretinin-containing interneuron-selective interneurons at the SLM/stratum radiatum border can be excited by stimulation of reuniens inputs. Together, our data demonstrate that optogenetic stimulation of reuniens afferents can mediate excitation, feedforward inhibition, and disinhibition of the postsynaptic CA1 principal cells via multiple direct and indirect mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyodarshan Goswamee
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Leggett
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - A Rory McQuiston
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
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21
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Kolesov DV, Sokolinskaya EL, Lukyanov KA, Bogdanov AM. Molecular Tools for Targeted Control of Nerve Cell Electrical Activity. Part II. Acta Naturae 2021; 13:17-32. [PMID: 35127143 PMCID: PMC8807539 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern life sciences, the issue of a specific, exogenously directed manipulation of a cell's biochemistry is a highly topical one. In the case of electrically excitable cells, the aim of the manipulation is to control the cells' electrical activity, with the result being either excitation with subsequent generation of an action potential or inhibition and suppression of the excitatory currents. The techniques of electrical activity stimulation are of particular significance in tackling the most challenging basic problem: figuring out how the nervous system of higher multicellular organisms functions. At this juncture, when neuroscience is gradually abandoning the reductionist approach in favor of the direct investigation of complex neuronal systems, minimally invasive methods for brain tissue stimulation are becoming the basic element in the toolbox of those involved in the field. In this review, we describe three approaches that are based on the delivery of exogenous, genetically encoded molecules sensitive to external stimuli into the nervous tissue. These approaches include optogenetics (overviewed in Part I), as well as chemogenetics and thermogenetics (described here, in Part II), which is significantly different not only in the nature of the stimuli and structure of the appropriate effector proteins, but also in the details of experimental applications. The latter circumstance is an indication that these are rather complementary than competing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. V. Kolesov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - E. L. Sokolinskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - K. A. Lukyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - A. M. Bogdanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997 Russia
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22
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Yao Y, Taub AB, LeSauter J, Silver R. Identification of the suprachiasmatic nucleus venous portal system in the mammalian brain. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5643. [PMID: 34561434 PMCID: PMC8463669 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is only one known portal system in the mammalian brain - that of the pituitary gland, first identified in 1933 by Popa and Fielding. Here we describe a second portal pathway in the mouse linking the capillary vessels of the brain's clock suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to those of the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), a circumventricular organ. The localized blood vessels of portal pathways enable small amounts of important secretions to reach their specialized targets in high concentrations without dilution in the general circulatory system. These brain clock portal vessels point to an entirely new route and targets for secreted SCN signals, and potentially restructures our understanding of brain communication pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Yao
- Columbia University Department of Psychology, 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, New York City, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Alana B'nai Taub
- Columbia University Department of Psychology, 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, New York City, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Joseph LeSauter
- Department of Neuroscience, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York City, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Rae Silver
- Columbia University Department of Psychology, 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, New York City, NY, 10027, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York City, NY, 10027, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Graduate School, Columbia University Medical School, New York City, NY, 10032, USA.
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23
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Identification of Salty Dietary Patterns of the Japanese Macroregion. J Nutr Metab 2021; 2021:6675418. [PMID: 34336277 PMCID: PMC8321765 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6675418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The traditional Japanese dietary pattern, “Washoku,” is considered to provide an ideal nutritional balance. However, it tends to have a high salt intake. To reduce population-level salt intake, it is important to review the overall dietary patterns over a wide area. Methods To identify dietary patterns with high salt intake, partial least squares regression analysis was conducted using population-based household survey data from 52 cities. Annual salt consumption was set as the target variable, and the annual purchase weight of 109 foods was set as the explanatory variable. Result At least three dietary patterns (traditional, urban, and local) accounted for more than 90% of the variation in salt consumption and 29% of the explanatory variables (food purchases). Traditional patterns explained the salt consumption and regional differences in energy and protein consumption; however, their relationship to fat consumption was weak. The results reconfirmed that “Washoku” has an ideal nutritional balance but has high salt intake. The distribution of scores for traditional Japanese food patterns was high in northeast Japan and low in southwest Japan, with a geographical gradient. This pattern is thought to have formed over a long period of time because of the influence of environmental factors, such as local climate.
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Buijs RM, Soto Tinoco EC, Hurtado Alvarado G, Escobar C. The circadian system: From clocks to physiology. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 179:233-247. [PMID: 34225965 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819975-6.00013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system, composed of the central autonomous clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and systems of the body that follow the signals of the SCN, continuously change the homeostatic set points of the body over the day-night cycle. Changes in the body's physiological state that do not agree with the time of the day feedback to the hypothalamus, and provide input to the SCN to adjust the condition, thus reaching another set point required by the changed conditions. This allows the adjustment of the set points to another level when environmental conditions change, which is thought to promote adaptation and survival. In fasting, the body temperature drops to a lower level only at the beginning of the sleep phase. Stressful conditions raise blood pressure relatively more during the active period than during the rest phase. Extensive, mostly reciprocal SCN interactions, with hypothalamic networks, induce these physiological adjustments by hormonal and autonomic control of the body's organs. More importantly, in addition to SCN's hormonal and autonomic influences, SCN induced behavior, such as rhythmic food intake, induces the oscillation of many genes in all tissues, including the so-called clock genes, which have an essential role as a transcriptional driving force for numerous cellular processes. Consequently, the light-dark cycle, the rhythm of the SCN, and the resulting rhythm in behavior need to be perfectly synchronized, especially where it involves synchronizing food intake with the activity phase. If these rhythms are not synchronous for extended periods of times, such as during shift work, light exposure at night, or frequent night eating, disease may develop. As such, our circadian system is a perfect illustration of how hypothalamic-driven processes depend on and interact with each other and need to be in seamless synchrony with the body's physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud M Buijs
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Eva C Soto Tinoco
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Hurtado Alvarado
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Buijs RM, Hurtado-Alvarado G, Soto-Tinoco E. Vasopressin: An output signal from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to prepare physiology and behaviour for the resting phase. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12998. [PMID: 34189788 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Vasopressin (VP) is an important hormone produced in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) with antidiuretic and vasoconstrictor functions in the periphery. As one of the first discovered peptide hormones, VP was also shown to act as a neurotransmitter, where VP is produced and released under the influence of various stimuli. VP is one of the core signals via which the biological clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), imposes its rhythm on its target structures and its production and release is influenced by the rhythm of clock genes and the light/dark cycle. This is contrasted with VP production and release from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the medial amygdala, which is influenced by gonadal hormones, as well as with VP originating from the PVN and SON, which is released in the neural lobe and central targets. The release of VP from the SCN signals the near arrival of the resting phase in rodents and prepares their physiology accordingly by down-modulating corticosterone secretion, the reproductive cycle and locomotor activity. All these circadian variables are regulated within very narrow boundaries at a specific time of the day, where day-to-day variation is less than 5% at any particular hour. However, the circadian peak values can be at least ten times higher than the circadian trough values, indicating the need for an elaborate feedback system to inform the SCN and other participating nuclei about the actual levels reached during the circadian cycle. In short, the interplay between SCN circadian output and peripheral feedback to the SCN is essential for the adequate organisation of all circadian rhythms in physiology and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud M Buijs
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Gabriela Hurtado-Alvarado
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Eva Soto-Tinoco
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
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Liu Y, Niu L, Liu X, Cheng C, Le W. Recent Progress in Non-motor Features of Parkinson's Disease with a Focus on Circadian Rhythm Dysregulation. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1010-1024. [PMID: 34128188 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, which manifests with both motor and non-motor symptoms. Circadian rhythm dysregulation, as one of the most challenging non-motor features of PD, usually appears long before obvious motor symptoms. Moreover, the dysregulated circadian rhythm has recently been reported to play pivotal roles in PD pathogenesis, and it has emerged as a hot topic in PD research. In this review, we briefly introduce the circadian rhythm and circadian rhythm-related genes, and then summarize recent research progress on the altered circadian rhythm in PD, ranging from clinical features to the possible causes of PD-related circadian disorders. We believe that future comprehensive studies on the topic may not only help us to explore the mechanisms of PD, but also shed light on the better management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Long Niu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Xinyao Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science-Sichuan Provincial Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Sanchez REA, Kalume F, de la Iglesia HO. Sleep timing and the circadian clock in mammals: Past, present and the road ahead. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 126:3-14. [PMID: 34092510 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nearly all mammals display robust daily rhythms of physiology and behavior. These approximately 24-h cycles, known as circadian rhythms, are driven by a master clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and affect biological processes ranging from metabolism to immune function. Perhaps the most overt output of the circadian clock is the sleep-wake cycle, the integrity of which is critical for health and homeostasis of the organism. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the circadian regulation of sleep. We discuss the neural circuitry and molecular mechanisms underlying daily sleep timing, and the trajectory of circadian regulation of sleep across development. We conclude by proposing future research priorities for the field that will significantly advance our mechanistic understanding of the circadian regulation of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond E A Sanchez
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Franck Kalume
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Horacio O de la Iglesia
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Levi DI, Wyrosdic JC, Hicks AI, Andrade MA, Toney GM, Prager-Khoutorsky M, Bourque CW. High dietary salt amplifies osmoresponsiveness in vasopressin-releasing neurons. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108866. [PMID: 33730577 PMCID: PMC8049100 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
High dietary salt increases arterial pressure partly through activation of magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCVP) that secrete the antidiuretic and vasoconstrictor hormone vasopressin (VP) into the circulation. Here, we show that the intrinsic and synaptic excitation of MNCVP caused by hypertonicity are differentially potentiated in two models of salt-dependent hypertension in rats. One model combined salty chow with a chronic subpressor dose of angiotensin II (AngII-salt), the other involved replacing drinking water with 2% NaCl (salt loading, SL). In both models, we observed a significant increase in the quantal amplitude of EPSCs on MNCVP. However, model-specific changes were also observed. AngII-salt increased the probability of glutamate release by osmoreceptor afferents and increased overall excitatory network drive. In contrast, SL specifically increased membrane stiffness and the intrinsic osmosensitivity of MNCVP. These results reveal that dietary salt increases the excitability of MNCVP through effects on the cell-autonomous and synaptic osmoresponsiveness of MNCVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Levi
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC H3G1A4, Canada
| | - Joshua C Wyrosdic
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC H3G1A4, Canada
| | - Amirah-Iman Hicks
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3644 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G1Y6, Canada
| | - Mary Ann Andrade
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Sciences Centre San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Glenn M Toney
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Sciences Centre San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Masha Prager-Khoutorsky
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3644 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G1Y6, Canada.
| | - Charles W Bourque
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC H3G1A4, Canada.
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Excitatory/Inhibitory Synaptic Ratios in Polymicrogyria and Down Syndrome Help Explain Epileptogenesis in Malformations. Pediatr Neurol 2021; 116:41-54. [PMID: 33450624 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ratio between excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) inputs into maturing individual cortical neurons influences their epileptic potential. Structural factors during development that alter synaptic inputs can be demonstrated neuropathologically. Increased mitochondrial activity identifies neurons with excessive discharge rates. METHODS This study focuses on the neuropathological examinaion of surgical resections for epilepsy and at autopsy, in fetuses, infants, and children, using immunocytochemical markers, and electron microscopy in selected cases. Polymicrogyria and Down syndrome are highlighted. RESULTS Factors influencing afferent synaptic ratios include the following: (1) synaptic short-circuitry in fused molecular zones of adjacent gyri (polymicrogyria); (2) impaired development of dendritic spines decreasing excitation (Down syndrome); (3) extracellular keratan sulfate proteoglycan binding to somatic membranes but not dendritic spines may be focally diminished (cerebral atrophy, schizencephaly, lissencephaly, polymicrogyria) or augmented, ensheathing individual axons (holoprosencephaly), or acting as a barrier to axonal passage in the U-fiber layer. If keratan is diminished, glutamate receptors on the neuronal soma enable ectopic axosomatic excitatory synapses to form; (4) dysplastic, megalocytic neurons and balloon cells in mammalian target of rapamycin disorders; (5) satellitosis of glial cells displacing axosomatic synapses; (6) peri-neuronal inflammation (tuberous sclerosis) and heat-shock proteins. CONCLUSIONS Synaptic ratio of excitatory/inhibitory afferents is a major fundamental basis of epileptogenesis at the neuronal level. Neuropathology can demonstrate subcellular changes that help explain either epilepsy or lack of seizures in immature brains. Synaptic ratios in malformations influence postnatal epileptogenesis. Single neurons can be hypermetabolic and potentially epileptogenic.
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Wu J, Liu D, Li J, Sun J, Huang Y, Zhang S, Gao S, Mei W. Central Neural Circuits Orchestrating Thermogenesis, Sleep-Wakefulness States and General Anesthesia States. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:223-253. [PMID: 33632102 PMCID: PMC9199556 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210225152728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Great progress has been made in specifically identifying the central neural circuits (CNCs) of the core body temperature (Tcore), sleep-wakefulness states (SWs), and general anesthesia states (GAs), mainly utilizing optogenetic or chemogenetic manipulations. We summarize the neuronal populations and neural pathways of these three CNCs, which gives evidence for the orchestration within these three CNCs, and the integrative regulation of these three CNCs by different environmental light signals. We also outline some transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that function in the CNCs-Tcore and are modulated by some general anesthetics, which makes TRP channels possible targets for addressing the general-anesthetics-induced-hypothermia (GAIH). We suggest this review will provide new orientations for further consummating these CNCs and elucidating the central mechanisms of GAIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. China
| | - Daiqiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. China
| | - Jiayan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. China
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. China
| | - Yujie Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. China
| | - Shaojie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. China
| | - Wei Mei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Ave 1095, Wuhan 430030. China
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Bussi IL, Sanchez REA, de la Iglesia HO. Vasopressin Neurons: Master Integrators of Time and Homeostasis. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:839-841. [PMID: 32948352 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A recent article by Gizowski and Bourque shows that vasopressinergic (VP) neurons within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) master circadian clock have the ability of encoding afferent input from osmosensors and generating appropriate homeostatic responses, suggesting that SCN neurons can integrate internal circadian time and acute changes in homeostatic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana L Bussi
- Department of Biology and Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA
| | - Raymond E A Sanchez
- Department of Biology and Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA
| | - Horacio O de la Iglesia
- Department of Biology and Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA.
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