1
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Sirch MM, Kamenac A, Neidinger SV, Wixforth A, Westerhausen C. Phase-State-Dependent Silica Nanoparticle Uptake of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38995207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
We quantify endocytosis-like nanoparticle (NP) uptake of model membranes as a function of temperature and, therefore, phase state. As model membranes, we use giant unilamellar vesicles (GUV) consisting of 1,2-dipentadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (15:0 PC). Time-series micrographs of the vesicle shrinkage show uptake rates that are a highly nonlinear function of temperature. A global maximum appears close to the main structural phase transition at T = Tm + 3 K = 37 °C and a minor peak at the pretransition T = Tp = 22 °C. The quality of linear fits to the shrinkage, and thus uptake kinetics, reveals a deviation from the linear trend at the vesicle shrinkage peaks. Taking values for the bending modulus as a function of temperature from literature and Helfrich's model allows us to draw qualitative conclusions on the membrane tension and the adhesion of the NP to the membrane as a function of temperature. These findings provide valuable insights into the dynamic interplay between temperature, membrane phase transitions, and NP uptake, shedding light on the complex behavior of biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel M Sirch
- Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Physiology, University of Augsburg, Augsburg 86159, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg 86159, Germany
| | - Andrej Kamenac
- Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Physiology, University of Augsburg, Augsburg 86159, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg 86159, Germany
| | - Simon V Neidinger
- Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Physiology, University of Augsburg, Augsburg 86159, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg 86159, Germany
| | - Achim Wixforth
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg 86159, Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich 80799, Germany
| | - Christoph Westerhausen
- Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Physiology, University of Augsburg, Augsburg 86159, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg 86159, Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich 80799, Germany
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2
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Arora P, Sadhukhan S, Nandi SK, Bi D, Sood AK, Ganapathy R. A shape-driven reentrant jamming transition in confluent monolayers of synthetic cell-mimics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5645. [PMID: 38969629 PMCID: PMC11226658 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Many critical biological processes, like wound healing, require densely packed cell monolayers/tissues to transition from a jammed solid-like to a fluid-like state. Although numerical studies anticipate changes in the cell shape alone can lead to unjamming, experimental support for this prediction is not definitive because, in living systems, fluidization due to density changes cannot be ruled out. Additionally, a cell's ability to modulate its motility only compounds difficulties since even in assemblies of rigid active particles, changing the nature of self-propulsion has non-trivial effects on the dynamics. Here, we design and assemble a monolayer of synthetic cell-mimics and examine their collective behaviour. By systematically increasing the persistence time of self-propulsion, we discovered a cell shape-driven, density-independent, re-entrant jamming transition. Notably, we observed cell shape and shape variability were mutually constrained in the confluent limit and followed the same universal scaling as that observed in confluent epithelia. Dynamical heterogeneities, however, did not conform to this scaling, with the fast cells showing suppressed shape variability, which our simulations revealed is due to a transient confinement effect of these cells by their slower neighbors. Our experiments unequivocally establish a morphodynamic link, demonstrating that geometric constraints alone can dictate epithelial jamming/unjamming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Arora
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India.
| | - Souvik Sadhukhan
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | | | - Dapeng Bi
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - A K Sood
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Rajesh Ganapathy
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India.
- School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India.
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3
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Fessler F, Wittmann M, Simmchen J, Stocco A. Autonomous engulfment of active colloids by giant lipid vesicles. SOFT MATTER 2024. [PMID: 38938147 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00337c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Our ability to design artificial micro/nanomachines able to perform sophisticated tasks crucially depends on our understanding of their interaction with biosystems and their compatibility with the biological environment. Here, we design Janus colloids fuelled only by glucose and light, which can autonomously interact with cell-like compartments and trigger endocytosis. We evidence the crucial role played by the far-field hydrodynamic interaction arising from the puller/pusher swimming mode and adhesion. We show that a large contact time between the active particle and the lipid membrane is required to observe the engulfment of a particle inside a floppy giant lipid vesicle. Active Janus colloids showing relatively small velocities and a puller type swimming mode are able to target giant vesicles, deform their membranes and subsequently get stably engulfed. An instability arising from the unbound membrane segment is responsible for the transition between partial and complete stable engulfment. These experiments shed light on the physical criteria required for autonomous active particle engulfment in giant vesicles, which can serve as general principles in disciplines ranging from drug delivery and microbial infection to nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Fessler
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS UPR-22, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Martin Wittmann
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Juliane Simmchen
- Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Cathedral Street, Glasgow, UK
| | - Antonio Stocco
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS UPR-22, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, France.
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4
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Allolio C, Fábián B, Dostalík M. OrganL: Dynamic triangulation of biomembranes using curved elements. Biophys J 2024; 123:1553-1562. [PMID: 38704638 PMCID: PMC11213972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
We describe a method for simulating biomembranes of arbitrary shape. In contrast to other dynamically triangulated surface (DTS) algorithms, our method provides a rich, quasi-tangent-continuous, yet local description of the surface. We use curved Nagata triangles, which we generalize to cubic order to achieve the requisite flexibility. The resulting interpolation can be constructed locally without iterations, at the cost of having only approximate tangent continuity away from the vertices. This allows us to provide a parallelized and fine-tuned Monte Carlo implementation. As a first example of the potential benefits of the enhanced description, our method supports inhomogeneous lipid distributions as well as lipid mixing. It also supports restraints and constraints of various types and is constructed to be as easily extensible as possible. We validate the approach by testing its numerical accuracy, followed by reproducing the known Helfrich solutions for shapes with rotational symmetry. Finally, we present some example applications, including curvature-driven demixing and stylized effects of proteins. Input files for these examples, as well as the implementation itself, are freely available for researchers under the name OrganL (https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.11204709).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Allolio
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Mathematical Institute, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Balázs Fábián
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mark Dostalík
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Mathematical Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
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5
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Dong H, Hu F, Ma X, Yang J, Pan L, Xu J. Collective Cell Radial Ordered Migration in Spatial Confinement. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307487. [PMID: 38520715 PMCID: PMC11132034 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Collective cells, a typical active matter system, exhibit complex coordinated behaviors fundamental for various developmental and physiological processes. The present work discovers a collective radial ordered migration behavior of NIH3T3 fibroblasts that depends on persistent top-down regulation with 2D spatial confinement. Remarkably, individual cells move in a weak-oriented, diffusive-like rather than strong-oriented ballistic manner. Despite this, the collective movement is spatiotemporal heterogeneous and radial ordering at supracellular scale, manifesting as a radial ordered wavefront originated from the boundary and propagated toward the center of pattern. Combining bottom-up cell-to-extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction strategy, numerical simulations based on a developed mechanical model well reproduce and explain above observations. The model further predicts the independence of geometric features on this ordering behavior, which is validated by experiments. These results together indicate such radial ordered collective migration is ascribed to the couple of top-down regulation with spatial restriction and bottom-up cellular endogenous nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Weak‐Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education MinistrySchool of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied PhysicsNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Fen Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak‐Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education MinistrySchool of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied PhysicsNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Xuehe Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Weak‐Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education MinistrySchool of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied PhysicsNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Jianyu Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Weak‐Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education MinistrySchool of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied PhysicsNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Leiting Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Weak‐Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education MinistrySchool of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied PhysicsNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyFrontiers Science Center for Cell ResponsesCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518083China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme OpticsShanxi UniversityTaiyuanShanxi030006China
| | - Jingjun Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak‐Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education MinistrySchool of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied PhysicsNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518083China
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6
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Cheng Z, Wang J, Bian Y, Tan M, Chen Y, Wang Y, Li B. Oral polysaccharide-coated liposome-modified double-layered nanoparticles containing anthocyanins: preparation, characterization, biocompatibility and evaluation of lipid-lowering activity in vitro. Food Chem 2024; 439:138166. [PMID: 38091786 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ACNs) systems encapsulated in nanomaterials have received widespread attention and rapid development due to its good delivery potential. Here, the favorable benefits of four natural polysaccharide food additives coated ACNs-liposome nanoparticles (ACNs-Lipo NPs) on the stability and possible lipid-lowering effects of ACNs are discussed in this work. The polysaccharides were coupled to the ACNs-Lipo NPs and self-assembled to create ACNs-Lipo@polysaccharide NPs. The impact of various polysaccharides on the physical, chemical, and stability characteristics of NPs was examined. We found that the NPs prepared with gum arabic (GA) had the best stability. FT-IR and XRD analysis revealed electrostatic adsorption and hydrogen binding forces between the components, as well as an amorphous structure. A series of tests in vitro confirmed the excellent stability, bioavailability, antioxidant activity, and biocompatibility of NPs. Finally, cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) and oleic acid (OA)-induced lipid deposition cell models revealed that ACNs-Lipo@GA might be more readily absorbed by cells, resulting in improved antioxidant activity and lipid-lowering impact, with possible targeted delivery qualities and lipid-lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cheng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Yuanyuan Bian
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Mingqian Tan
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China.
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China.
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7
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Wang Y, Chen H, Xie L, Liu J, Zhang L, Yu J. Swarm Autonomy: From Agent Functionalization to Machine Intelligence. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2312956. [PMID: 38653192 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Swarm behaviors are common in nature, where individual organisms collaborate via perception, communication, and adaptation. Emulating these dynamics, large groups of active agents can self-organize through localized interactions, giving rise to complex swarm behaviors, which exhibit potential for applications across various domains. This review presents a comprehensive summary and perspective of synthetic swarms, to bridge the gap between the microscale individual agents and potential applications of synthetic swarms. It is begun by examining active agents, the fundamental units of synthetic swarms, to understand the origins of their motility and functionality in the presence of external stimuli. Then inter-agent communications and agent-environment communications that contribute to the swarm generation are summarized. Furthermore, the swarm behaviors reported to date and the emergence of machine intelligence within these behaviors are reviewed. Eventually, the applications enabled by distinct synthetic swarms are summarized. By discussing the emergent machine intelligence in swarm behaviors, insights are offered into the design and deployment of autonomous synthetic swarms for real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Leiming Xie
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jiangfan Yu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, 518172, China
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8
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van der Ham S, Agudo-Canalejo J, Vutukuri HR. Role of Shape in Particle-Lipid Membrane Interactions: From Surfing to Full Engulfment. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10407-10416. [PMID: 38513125 PMCID: PMC11025115 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Understanding and manipulating the interactions between foreign bodies and cell membranes during endo- and phagocytosis is of paramount importance, not only for the fate of living cells but also for numerous biomedical applications. This study aims to elucidate the role of variables such as anisotropic particle shape, curvature, orientation, membrane tension, and adhesive strength in this essential process using a minimal experimental biomimetic system comprising giant unilamellar vesicles and rod-like particles with different curvatures and aspect ratios. We find that the particle wrapping process is dictated by the balance between the elastic free energy penalty and adhesion free energy gain, leading to two distinct engulfment pathways, tip-first and side-first, emphasizing the significance of the particle orientation in determining the pathway. Moreover, our experimental results are consistent with theoretical predictions in a state diagram, showcasing how to control the wrapping pathway from surfing to partial to complete wrapping by the interplay between membrane tension and adhesive strength. At moderate particle concentrations, we observed the formation of rod clusters, which exhibited cooperative and sequential wrapping. Our study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the mechanistic intricacies of endocytosis by highlighting how the interplay between the anisotropic particle shape, curvature, orientation, membrane tension, and adhesive strength can influence the engulfment pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn van der Ham
- Active
Soft Matter and Bio-inspired Materials Lab, Faculty of Science and
Technology, MESA+ Institute, University
of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jaime Agudo-Canalejo
- Department
of Living Matter Physics, Max Planck Institute
for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Hanumantha Rao Vutukuri
- Active
Soft Matter and Bio-inspired Materials Lab, Faculty of Science and
Technology, MESA+ Institute, University
of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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9
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Yang C, Du Y, Li Q, Gao X, Zha P, Zhan W, Liu K, Bi F, Hua Z, Yang G. Morphological Transformation and Surface Engineering of Glycovesicles Driven by Bioinspired Hydrogen Bonds of Nucleobases. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:468-474. [PMID: 38574471 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Glycopolymer-based supramolecular glycoassemblies with signal-driven cascade morphological deformation and accessible surface engineering toward bioinspired functional glycomaterials have attracted much attention due to their diverse applications in fundamental and practical scenarios. Herein, we achieved the cascade morphological transformation and surface engineering of a nucleobase-containing polymeric glycovesicle through exploiting the bioinspired complementary multiple hydrogen bonds of complementary nucleobases. First, the synthesized thymine-containing glycopolymers (PGal30-b-PTAm249) are capable of self-assembling into well-defined glycovesicles. Several kinds of amphiphilic adenine-containing block copolymers with neutral, positive, and negative charges were synthesized to engineer the glycovesicles through the multiple hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine. A cascade of morphological transformations from vesicles to ruptured vesicles with tails, to worm-like micelles, and finally to spherical micelles were observed via continuously adding the adenine-containing polymer into the thymine-containing glycovesicles. Furthermore, the surface charge properties of these glyconano-objects can be facilely regulated through incorporating various adenine-containing polymers. This work demonstrates the potential application of a unique bioinspired approach to precisely engineer the morphology and surface properties of glycovesicles for boosting their biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Yang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yixuan Du
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Qiaoran Li
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Xinru Gao
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Peng Zha
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Wanli Zhan
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Ketao Liu
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Feihu Bi
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Zan Hua
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and Department of Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 214002, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
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10
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Fedosov DA, Gompper G. Cells on a string: Characterizing cellular structure and dynamics through viscoelastic phenotyping. Biophys J 2024; 123:757-758. [PMID: 38419329 PMCID: PMC10995419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Fedosov
- Theoretical Physics of Living Matter, Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Gompper
- Theoretical Physics of Living Matter, Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
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11
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Overberg FA, Gompper G, Fedosov DA. Motion of microswimmers in cylindrical microchannels. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3007-3020. [PMID: 38495021 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01480k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Biological and artificial microswimmers often have to propel through a variety of environments, ranging from heterogeneous suspending media to strong geometrical confinement. Under confinement, local flow fields generated by microswimmers, and steric and hydrodynamic interactions with their environment determine the locomotion. We propose a squirmer-like model to describe the motion of microswimmers in cylindrical microchannels, where propulsion is generated by a fixed surface slip velocity. The model is studied using an approximate analytical solution for cylindrical swimmer shapes, and by numerical hydrodynamics simulations for spherical and spheroidal shapes. For the numerical simulations, we employ the dissipative particle dynamics method for modelling fluid flow. Both the analytical model and simulations show that the propulsion force increases with increasing confinement. However, the swimming velocity under confinement remains lower than the swimmer speed without confinement for all investigated conditions. In simulations, different swimming modes (i.e. pusher, neutral, puller) are investigated, and found to play a significant role in the generation of propulsion force when a swimmer approaches a dead end of a capillary tube. Propulsion generation in confined systems is local, such that the generated flow field generally vanishes beyond the characteristic size of the swimmer. These results contribute to a better understanding of microswimmer force generation and propulsion under strong confinement, including the motion in porous media and in narrow channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian A Overberg
- Theoretical Physics of Living Matter, Institute of Biological Information Processing and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Gompper
- Theoretical Physics of Living Matter, Institute of Biological Information Processing and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Dmitry A Fedosov
- Theoretical Physics of Living Matter, Institute of Biological Information Processing and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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12
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Reboucas RB, Faizi HA, Miksis MJ, Vlahovska PM. Stationary shapes of axisymmetric vesicles beyond lowest-energy configurations. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2258-2271. [PMID: 38353299 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01463k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
We conduct a systematic exploration of the energy landscape of vesicle morphologies within the framework of the Helfrich model. Vesicle shapes are determined by minimizing the elastic energy subject to constraints of constant area and volume. The results show that pressurized vesicles can adopt higher-energy spindle-like configurations that require the action of point forces at the poles. If the internal pressure is lower than the external one, multilobed shapes are predicted. We utilize our results to rationalize experimentally observed spindle shapes of giant vesicles in a uniform AC electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo B Reboucas
- Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Hammad A Faizi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Michael J Miksis
- Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Petia M Vlahovska
- Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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13
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Sebtosheikh M, Naji A. Active osmoticlike pressure on permeable inclusions. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:034607. [PMID: 38632760 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.034607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
We use a standard minimal active Brownian model to investigate the osmotic-like effective pressure generated by active fluids on fixed hollow inclusions. These inclusions are enclosed by a permeable (albeit nonflexible) membrane, and the interior and exterior regions of the inclusions have different particle motility strengths. We consider both rectangular and disklike inclusions and analyze the effects of various system parameters, such as excluded volume interaction between active particles, hardness of membrane, and active particle density, on the effective pressure produced on the enclosing membrane. We focus on the range of intermediate to high motility strengths and analyze the effective pressure in the steady state. Our findings for the active pressure produced in the interior and exterior regions of the inclusion indicate that the pressure is higher in the region with lower motility due to the relatively stronger accumulation of active particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Sebtosheikh
- School of Nano Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran 19538-33511, Iran
- School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran 19538-33511, Iran
| | - Ali Naji
- School of Nano Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran 19538-33511, Iran
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
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14
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Han X, Xu S, Wang L, Bi Z, Wang D, Bu H, Da J, Liu Y, Tan W. Artificial DNA Framework Channel Modulates Antiapoptotic Behavior in Ischemia-Stressed Cells via Destabilizing Promoter G-Quadruplex. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6147-6161. [PMID: 38372229 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Regulating folding/unfolding of gene promoter G-quadruplexes (G4s) is important for understanding the topological changes in genomic DNAs and the biological effects of such changes on important cellular events. Although many G4-stabilizing ligands have been screened out, effective G4-destabilizing ligands are extremely rare, posing a great challenge for illustrating how G4 destabilization affects gene function in living cells under stress, a long-standing question in neuroscience. Herein, we report a distinct methodology able to destabilize gene promoter G4s in ischemia-stressed neural cells by mitigating the ischemia-induced accumulation of intracellular K+ with an artificial membrane-spanning DNA framework channel (DFC). We also show that ischemia-triggered K+ influx is positively correlated to anomalous stabilization of promoter G4s and downregulation of Bcl-2, an antiapoptotic gene with neuroprotective effects against ischemic injury. Intriguingly, the DFC enables rapid transmembrane transport of excessive K+ mediated by the internal G4 filter, leading to the destabilization of endogenous promoter G4 in Bcl-2 and subsequent turnover of gene expression at both transcription and translation levels under ischemia. Consequently, this work enriches our understanding of the biological roles of endogenous G4s and may offer important clues to study the cellular behaviors in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Han
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Shujuan Xu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhengyan Bi
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Huitong Bu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jun Da
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yanlan Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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15
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Pham AT, Mani M, Wang X, Vafabakhsh R. Multiscale biophysical analysis of nucleolus disassembly during mitosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312250121. [PMID: 38285946 PMCID: PMC10861868 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312250121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
During cell division, precise and regulated distribution of cellular material between daughter cells is a critical step and is governed by complex biochemical and biophysical mechanisms. To achieve this, membraneless organelles and condensates often require complete disassembly during mitosis. The biophysical principles governing the disassembly of condensates remain poorly understood. Here, we used a physical biology approach to study how physical and material properties of the nucleolus, a prominent nuclear membraneless organelle in eukaryotic cells, change during mitosis and across different scales. We found that nucleolus disassembly proceeds continuously through two distinct phases with a slow and reversible preparatory phase followed by a rapid irreversible phase that was concurrent with the nuclear envelope breakdown. We measured microscopic properties of nucleolar material including effective diffusion rates and binding affinities as well as key macroscopic properties of surface tension and bending rigidity. By incorporating these measurements into the framework of critical phenomena, we found evidence that near mitosis surface tension displays a power-law behavior as a function of biochemically modulated interaction strength. This two-step disassembly mechanism maintains structural and functional stability of nucleolus while enabling its rapid and efficient disassembly in response to cell cycle cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- An T. Pham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Madhav Mani
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Reza Vafabakhsh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
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16
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Li W, Zhang S, Kleuskens S, Portale G, Engelkamp H, Christianen PCM, Wilson DA. Programmable Compartment Networks by Unraveling the Stress-Dependent Deformation of Polymer Vesicles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306219. [PMID: 37803926 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanocontainers that can sense and respond to environmental stimuli like cells are desirable for next-generation delivery systems. However, it is still a grand challenge for synthetic nanocontainers to mimic or even surpass the shape adaption of cells, which may produce novel compartments for cargo loading. Here, this work reports the engineering of compartment network with a single polymer vesicle by unraveling osmotic stress-dependent deformation. Specifically, by manipulating the way in exerting the stress, sudden increase or gradual increase, polymer vesicles can either undergo deflation into the stomatocyte, a bowl-shaped vesicle enclosing a new compartment, or tubulation into the tubule of varied length. Such stress-dependent deformation inspired us to program the shape transformation of polymer vesicles, including tubulation, deflation, or first tubulation and then deflation. The coupled deformation successfully transforms the polymer vesicle into the stomatocyte with tubular arms and a network of two or three small stomatocytes connected by tubules. To the author's knowledge, these morphologies are still not accessed by synthetic nanocontainers. This work envisions that the network of stomatocytes may enable the loading of different catalysts to construct novel motile systems, and the well-defined morphology of vesicles helps to define the effect of morphology on cellar uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Kleuskens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525AJ, The Netherlands
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen, 6525ED, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Engelkamp
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525AJ, The Netherlands
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen, 6525ED, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C M Christianen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525AJ, The Netherlands
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen, 6525ED, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela A Wilson
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525AJ, The Netherlands
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17
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Yu N, Shah ZH, Yang M, Gao Y. Morphology-Tailored Dynamic State Transition in Active-Passive Colloidal Assemblies. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0304. [PMID: 38269028 PMCID: PMC10807723 DOI: 10.34133/research.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Mixtures of active self-propelled and passive colloidal particles promise rich assembly and dynamic states that are beyond reach via equilibrium routes. Yet, controllable transition between different dynamic states remains rare. Here, we reveal a plethora of dynamic behaviors emerging in assemblies of chemically propelled snowman-like active colloids and passive spherical particles as the particle shape, size, and composition are tuned. For example, assembles of one or more active colloids with one passive particle exhibit distinct translating or orbiting states while those composed of one active colloid with 2 passive particles display persistent "8"-like cyclic motion or hopping between circling states around one passive particle in the plane and around the waist of 2 passive ones out of the plane, controlled by the shape of the active colloid and the size of the passive particles, respectively. These morphology-tailored dynamic transitions are in excellent agreement with state diagrams predicted by mesoscale dynamics simulations. Our work discloses new dynamic states and corresponding transition strategies, which promise new applications of active systems such as micromachines with functions that are otherwise impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yu
- Institute for Advanced Study,
Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Device and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering,
Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zameer H. Shah
- Institute for Advanced Study,
Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Device and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering,
Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingcheng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Yongxiang Gao
- Institute for Advanced Study,
Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Pezeshkian W, Ipsen JH. Mesoscale simulation of biomembranes with FreeDTS. Nat Commun 2024; 15:548. [PMID: 38228588 PMCID: PMC10792169 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
We present FreeDTS software for performing computational research on biomembranes at the mesoscale. In this software, a membrane is represented by a dynamically triangulated surface equipped with vertex-based inclusions to integrate the effects of integral and peripheral membrane proteins. Several algorithms are included in the software to simulate complex membranes at different conditions such as framed membranes with constant tension, vesicles and high-genus membranes with various fixed volumes or constant pressure differences and applying external forces to membrane regions. Furthermore, the software allows the user to turn off the shape evolution of the membrane and focus solely on the organization of proteins. As a result, we can take realistic membrane shapes obtained from, for example, cryo-electron tomography and backmap them into a finer simulation model. In addition to many biomembrane applications, this software brings us a step closer to simulating realistic biomembranes with molecular resolution. Here we provide several interesting showcases of the power of the software but leave a wide range of potential applications for interested users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weria Pezeshkian
- Niels Bohr International Academy, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - John H Ipsen
- MEMPHYS/PhyLife, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy (FKF), University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
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19
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Llopis-Lorente A, Schotman MJG, Humeniuk HV, van Hest JCM, Dankers PYW, Abdelmohsen LKEA. Artificial cells with viscoadaptive behavior based on hydrogel-loaded giant unilamellar vesicles. Chem Sci 2024; 15:629-638. [PMID: 38179539 PMCID: PMC10763548 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04687g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Viscoadaptation is an essential process in natural cells, where supramolecular interactions between cytosolic components drive adaptation of the cellular mechanical features to regulate metabolic function. This important relationship between mechanical properties and function has until now been underexplored in artificial cell research. Here, we have created an artificial cell platform that exploits internal supramolecular interactions to display viscoadaptive behavior. As supramolecular material to mimic the cytosolic component of these artificial cells, we employed a pH-switchable hydrogelator based on poly(ethylene glycol) coupled to ureido-pyrimidinone units. The hydrogelator was membranized in its sol state in giant unilamellar lipid vesicles to include a cell-membrane mimetic component. The resulting hydrogelator-loaded giant unilamellar vesicles (designated as HL-GUVs) displayed reversible pH-switchable sol-gel behavior through multiple cycles. Furthermore, incorporation of the regulatory enzyme urease enabled us to increase the cytosolic pH upon conversion of its substrate urea. The system was able to switch between a high viscosity (at neutral pH) and a low viscosity (at basic pH) state upon addition of substrate. Finally, viscoadaptation was achieved via the incorporation of a second enzyme of which the activity was governed by the viscosity of the artificial cell. This work represents a new approach to install functional self-regulation in artificial cells, and opens new possibilities for the creation of complex artificial cells that mimic the structural and functional interplay found in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Llopis-Lorente
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology Het Kranenveld 14 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology Het Kranenveld 14, Eindhoven 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València Camino de Vera s/n 46022 València Spain
| | - Maaike J G Schotman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven, Het Kranenveld 14 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology Het Kranenveld 14, Eindhoven 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Heorhii V Humeniuk
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology Het Kranenveld 14 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology Het Kranenveld 14, Eindhoven 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Jan C M van Hest
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology Het Kranenveld 14 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven, Het Kranenveld 14 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology Het Kranenveld 14, Eindhoven 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Y W Dankers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven, Het Kranenveld 14 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology Het Kranenveld 14, Eindhoven 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Loai K E A Abdelmohsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology Het Kranenveld 14 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology Het Kranenveld 14, Eindhoven 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
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20
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Lee SY, Schönhöfer PWA, Glotzer SC. Complex motion of steerable vesicular robots filled with active colloidal rods. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22773. [PMID: 38123626 PMCID: PMC10733302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
While the collective motion of active particles has been studied extensively, effective strategies to navigate particle swarms without external guidance remain elusive. We introduce a method to control the trajectories of two-dimensional swarms of active rod-like particles by confining the particles to rigid bounding membranes (vesicles) with non-uniform curvature. We show that the propelling agents spontaneously form clusters at the membrane wall and collectively propel the vesicle, turning it into an active superstructure. To further guide the motion of the superstructure, we add discontinuous features to the rigid membrane boundary in the form of a kinked tip, which acts as a steering component to direct the motion of the vesicle. We report that the system's geometrical and material properties, such as the aspect ratio and Péclet number of the active rods as well as the kink angle and flexibility of the membrane, determine the stacking of active particles close to the kinked confinement and induce a diverse set of dynamical behaviors of the superstructure, including linear and circular motion both in the direction of, and opposite to, the kink. From a systematic study of these various behaviors, we design vesicles with switchable and reversible locomotions by tuning the confinement parameters. The observed phenomena suggest a promising mechanism for particle transportation and could be used as a basic element to navigate active matter through complex and tortuous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Y Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Philipp W A Schönhöfer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Sharon C Glotzer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
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21
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Schiltz-Rouse E, Row H, Mallory SA. Kinetic temperature and pressure of an active Tonks gas. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:064601. [PMID: 38243499 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.064601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Using computer simulation and analytical theory, we study an active analog of the well-known Tonks gas, where active Brownian particles are confined to a periodic one-dimensional (1D) channel. By introducing the notion of a kinetic temperature, we derive an accurate analytical expression for the pressure and clarify the paradoxical behavior where active Brownian particles confined to 1D exhibit anomalous clustering but no motility-induced phase transition. More generally, this work provides a deeper understanding of pressure in active systems as we uncover a unique link between the kinetic temperature and swim pressure valid for active Brownian particles in higher dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Schiltz-Rouse
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Hyeongjoo Row
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Stewart A Mallory
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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22
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Marín-Aguilar S, Camerin F, van der Ham S, Feasson A, Vutukuri HR, Dijkstra M. A colloidal viewpoint on the sausage catastrophe and the finite sphere packing problem. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7896. [PMID: 38036561 PMCID: PMC10689752 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It is commonly believed that the most efficient way to pack a finite number of equal-sized spheres is by arranging them tightly in a cluster. However, mathematicians have conjectured that a linear arrangement may actually result in the densest packing. Here, our combined experimental and simulation study provides a physical realization of the finite sphere packing problem by studying arrangements of colloids in a flaccid lipid vesicle. We map out a state diagram displaying linear, planar, and cluster conformations of spheres, as well as bistable states which alternate between cluster-plate and plate-linear conformations due to membrane fluctuations. Finally, by systematically analyzing truncated polyhedral packings, we identify clusters of 56 ≤ N ≤ 70 number of spheres, excluding N = 57 and 63, that pack more efficiently than linear arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Marín-Aguilar
- Soft Condensed Matter & Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Fabrizio Camerin
- Soft Condensed Matter & Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM²), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Stijn van der Ham
- Active Soft Matter and Bio-inspired Materials Lab, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Andréa Feasson
- Active Soft Matter and Bio-inspired Materials Lab, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Hanumantha Rao Vutukuri
- Active Soft Matter and Bio-inspired Materials Lab, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Marjolein Dijkstra
- Soft Condensed Matter & Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM²), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan.
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23
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Pham AT, Mani M, Wang XA, Vafabakhsh R. The Physical Biology of Nucleolus Disassembly. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.27.559731. [PMID: 37808669 PMCID: PMC10557732 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.27.559731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
During cell division, precise and regulated distribution of cellular material between daughter cells is a critical step and is governed by complex biochemical and biophysical mechanisms. To achieve this, membraneless organelles and condensates often require complete disassembly during mitosis. The biophysical principles governing the disassembly of condensates remain poorly understood. Here, we used a physical biology approach to study how physical and material properties of the nucleolus, a prominent nuclear membraneless organelle in eukaryotic cells, change during mitosis and across different scales. We found that nucleolus disassembly proceeds continuously through two distinct phases with a slow and reversible preparatory phase followed by a rapid irreversible phase that was concurrent with the nuclear envelope breakdown. We measured microscopic properties of nucleolar material including effective diffusion rates and binding affinities as well as key macroscopic properties of surface tension and bending rigidity. By incorporating these measurements into the framework of critical phenomena, we found evidence that near mitosis surface tension displays a power-law behavior as a function of biochemically modulated interaction strength. This two-step disassembly mechanism, which maintains structural and functional stability of nucleolus while allowing for its rapid and efficient disassembly in response to cell cycle cues, may be a universal design principle for the disassembly of other biomolecular condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- An T. Pham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Madhav Mani
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Xiaozhong A. Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Reza Vafabakhsh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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24
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Xiong Y, Yuan H, Olvera de la Cruz M. Janus magnetoelastic membrane swimmers. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6721-6730. [PMID: 37622382 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00788j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Soft swimming microrobots have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in diverse fields ranging from biomedicines to environmental remediation. The locomotion control is of importance to the research of micromachines and microrobots. Inspired by the motility strategies of living microorganisms, such as flagella, cilia, and euglenoids, we focus on propulsion mechanisms with a design of Janus magnetoelastic crystalline membrane microswimmers actuated by time-varying magnetic fields. Such a Janus swimmer consists of a ferromagnetic cap completed by a magnetoelastic membrane body, where superparamagnetic particles are uniformly distributed on the surface. Under the influence of external magnetic fields, the swimmer undergoes complex shape transitions due to the interplay between the magnetic dipole-dipole interactions, the elasticity of the magnetoelastic membranes, and also the hydrodynamics of surrounding fluids. We show that those shape changes are nonreciprocal, which can generate locomotion such that the propulsion speed can be optimized by tailoring the membrane elastic properties. Besides, we also demonstrate that the Janus swimmer can be magnetically guided in a spiral trajectory. With such adequate control of locomotion in both speed and direction via non-invasive magnetic fields, this study provides another promising candidate design for the future development of microswimmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiong
- Center for Computation & Theory of Soft Materials, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Hang Yuan
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Center for Computation & Theory of Soft Materials, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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25
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Xu H, Nejad MR, Yeomans JM, Wu Y. Geometrical control of interface patterning underlies active matter invasion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219708120. [PMID: 37459530 PMCID: PMC10372614 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219708120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction between active materials and the boundaries of geometrical confinement is key to many emergent phenomena in active systems. For living active matter consisting of animal cells or motile bacteria, the confinement boundary is often a deformable interface, and it has been unclear how activity-induced interface dynamics might lead to morphogenesis and pattern formation. Here, we studied the evolution of bacterial active matter confined by a deformable boundary. We found that an ordered morphological pattern emerged at the interface characterized by periodically spaced interfacial protrusions; behind the interfacial protrusions, bacterial swimmers self-organized into multicellular clusters displaying +1/2 nematic defects. Subsequently, a hierarchical sequence of transitions from interfacial protrusions to creeping branches allowed the bacterial active drop to rapidly invade surrounding space with a striking self-similar branch pattern. We found that this interface patterning is geometrically controlled by the local curvature of the interface, a phenomenon we denote as collective curvature sensing. Using a continuum active model, we revealed that the collective curvature sensing arises from enhanced active stresses near high-curvature regions, with the active length scale setting the characteristic distance between the interfacial protrusions. Our findings reveal a protrusion-to-branch transition as a unique mode of active matter invasion and suggest a strategy to engineer pattern formation of active materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Xu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mehrana R. Nejad
- Department of Physics, The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Julia M. Yeomans
- Department of Physics, The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Yilin Wu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Ureña Marcos JC, Liebchen B. Inverted Sedimentation of Active Particles in Unbiased ac Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:038201. [PMID: 37540873 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.038201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Gaining control over the motion of active particles is crucial for applications ranging from targeted cargo delivery to nanomedicine. While much progress has been made recently to control active motion based on external forces, flows, or gradients in concentration or light intensity, which all have a well-defined direction or bias, little is known about how to steer active particles in situations where no permanent bias can be realized. Here, we show that ac fields with a vanishing time average provide an alternative route to steering active particles. We exemplify this route for inertial active particles in a gravitational field, observing that a substantial fraction of them persistently travels in the upward direction upon switching on the ac field, resulting in an inverted sedimentation profile at the top wall of a confining container. Our results offer a generic control principle that could be used in the future to steer active motion, direct collective behaviors, and purify mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Ureña Marcos
- Institut für Physik Kondensierter Materie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Benno Liebchen
- Institut für Physik Kondensierter Materie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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27
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Yu Y, Lin R, Yu H, Liu M, Xing E, Wang W, Zhang F, Zhao D, Li X. Versatile synthesis of metal-compound based mesoporous Janus nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4249. [PMID: 37460612 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The construction of mesoporous Janus nanoparticles (mJNPs) with controllable components is of great significance for the development of sophisticated nanomaterials with synergistically enhanced functionalities and applications. However, the compositions of reported mJNPs are mainly the functionally inert SiO2 and polymers. The universal synthesis of metal-compound based mJNPs with abundant functionalities is urgently desired, but remains a substantial challenge. Herein, we present a hydrophilicity mediated interfacial selective assembly strategy for the versatile synthesis of metal-compound based mJNPs. Starting from the developed silica-based mJNPs with anisotropic dual-surface of hydrophilic SiO2 and hydrophobic organosilica, metal precursor can selectively deposit onto the hydrophilic SiO2 subunit to form the metal-compound based mJNPs. This method shows good universality and can be used for the synthesis of more than 20 kinds of metal-compound based mJNPs, including alkali-earth metal compounds, transition metal compounds, rare-earth metal compounds etc. Besides, the composition of the metal-compound subunit can be well tuned from single to multiple metal elements, even high-entropy complexes. We believe that the synthesis method and obtained new members of mJNPs provide a very broad platform for the construction and application of mJNPs with rational designed functions and structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Runfeng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hongyue Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Minchao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Enyun Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dongyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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28
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Farnudi A, Ejtehadi MR, Everaers R. Dynamics of fluid bilayer vesicles: Soft meshes and robust curvature energy discretization. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:015301. [PMID: 37583159 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.015301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Continuum models like the Helfrich Hamiltonian are widely used to describe fluid bilayer vesicles. Here we study the molecular dynamics compatible dynamics of the vertices of two-dimensional meshes representing the bilayer, whose in-plane motion is only weakly constrained. We show (i) that Jülicher's discretization of the curvature energy offers vastly superior robustness for soft meshes compared to the commonly employed expression by Gommper and Kroll and (ii) that for sufficiently soft meshes, the typical behavior of fluid bilayer vesicles can emerge even if the mesh connectivity remains fixed throughout the simulations. In particular, soft meshes can accommodate large shape transformations, and the model can generate the typical ℓ^{-4} signal for the amplitude of surface undulation modes of nearly spherical vesicles all the way up to the longest wavelength modes. Furthermore, we compare results for Newtonian, Langevin, and Brownian dynamics simulations of the mesh vertices to demonstrate that the internal friction of the membrane model is negligible, making it suitable for studying the internal dynamics of vesicles via coupling to hydrodynamic solvers or particle-based solvent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Farnudi
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ejtehadi
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ralf Everaers
- Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique and Centre Blaise Pascal de l'ENS de Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France
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29
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Ray S, Zhang J, Dogic Z. Rectified Rotational Dynamics of Mobile Inclusions in Two-Dimensional Active Nematics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:238301. [PMID: 37354394 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.238301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the dynamics of mobile inclusions embedded in 2D active nematics. The interplay between the inclusion shape, boundary-induced nematic order, and autonomous flows powers the inclusion motion. Disks and achiral gears exhibit unbiased rotational motion, but with distinct dynamics. In comparison, chiral gear-shaped inclusions exhibit long-term rectified rotation, which is correlated with dynamics and polarization of nearby +1/2 topological defects. The chirality of defect polarities and the active nematic texture around the inclusion correlate with the inclusion's instantaneous rotation rate. Inclusions provide a promising tool for probing the rheological properties of active nematics and extracting ordered motion from their inherently chaotic motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sattvic Ray
- Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), 230026 Hefei, China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Zvonimir Dogic
- Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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30
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Wittmann R, Monderkamp PA, Löwen H. Statistics of carrier-cargo complexes. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:064602. [PMID: 37464670 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.064602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
We explore the statistics of assembling soft-matter building blocks to investigate the uptake and encapsulation of cargo particles by carriers engulfing their load. While the such carrier-cargo complexes are important for many applications out of equilibrium, such as drug delivery and synthetic cell encapsulation, we uncover here the basic statistical physics in minimal hard-core-like models for particle uptake. Introducing an exactly solvable equilibrium model in one dimension, we demonstrate that the formation of carrier-cargo complexes can be largely tuned by both the cargo concentration and the carriers' interior size. These findings are intuitively explained by interpreting the internal free space (partition function) of the cargo inside a carrier as its engulfment strength, which can be mapped to an external control parameter (chemical potential) of an additional effective particle species. Assuming a hard carrier membrane, such a mapping can be exactly applied to account for multiple cargo uptake involving various carrier or cargo species and even attractive uptake mechanisms, while soft interactions require certain approximations. We further argue that the Boltzmann occupation law identified within our approach is broken when particle uptake is governed by nonequilibrium forces. Speculating on alternative occupation laws using effective parameters, we put forward a Bose-Einstein-like phase transition associated with polydisperse carrier properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Wittmann
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paul A Monderkamp
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hartmut Löwen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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31
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Xiao K, Ma R, Wu CX. Wrapping dynamics and critical conditions for active nonspherical nanoparticle uptake. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:054401. [PMID: 37329073 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.054401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The cellular uptake of self-propelled nonspherical nanoparticles (NPs) or viruses by cell membrane is crucial in many biological processes, but its universal dynamics have yet to be elucidated. In this study, using the Onsager variational principle, we obtain a general wrapping equation for nonspherical self-propelled nanoparticles. Two analytical critical conditions are theoretically found, indicating a continuous full uptake for prolate particles and a snapthrough full uptake for oblate particles. They precisely capture the full uptake critical boundaries in the phase diagrams numerically constructed in terms of active force, aspect ratio, adhesion energy density, and membrane tension. It is found that enhancing activity (active force), reducing effective dynamic viscosity, increasing adhesion energy density, and decreasing membrane tension can significantly improve the wrapping efficiency of the self-propelled nonspherical nanoparticles. These results give a panoramic view of the uptake dynamics of active nonspherical nanoparticles, and may offer instructions for designing an effective active NP-based vehicle for controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xiao
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325016, People's Republic of China and Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ma
- Fujian Provincial Key Lab for Soft Functional Materials Research, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Xu Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Lab for Soft Functional Materials Research, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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32
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Siebers F, Jayaram A, Blümler P, Speck T. Exploiting compositional disorder in collectives of light-driven circle walkers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf5443. [PMID: 37058561 PMCID: PMC10104457 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf5443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Emergent behavior in collectives of "robotic" units with limited capabilities that is robust and programmable is a promising route to perform tasks on the micro and nanoscale that are otherwise difficult to realize. However, a comprehensive theoretical understanding of the physical principles, in particular steric interactions in crowded environments, is still largely missing. Here, we study simple light-driven walkers propelled through internal vibrations. We demonstrate that their dynamics is well captured by the model of active Brownian particles, albeit with an angular speed that differs between individual units. Transferring to a numerical model, we show that this polydispersity of angular speeds gives rise to specific collective behavior: self-sorting under confinement and enhancement of translational diffusion. Our results show that, while naively perceived as imperfection, disorder of individual properties can provide another route to realize programmable active matter.
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33
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Lee WS, Enomoto T, Akimoto AM, Yoshida R. Capsule self-oscillating gels showing cell-like nonthermal membrane/shape fluctuations. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1332-1341. [PMID: 36722870 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01490d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A primary interest in cell membrane and shape fluctuations is establishing experimental models reflecting only nonthermal active contributions. Here we report a millimeter-scaled capsule self-oscillating gel model mirroring the active contribution effect on cell fluctuations. In the capsule self-oscillating gels, the propagating chemical signals during a Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction induce simultaneous local deformations in the various regions, showing cell-like shape fluctuations. The capsule self-oscillating gels do not fluctuate without the BZ reaction, implying that only the active chemical parameter induces the gel fluctuations. The period and amplitude depend on the gel layer thickness and the concentration of the chemical substrate for the BZ reaction. Our results allow for a solid experimental platform showing actively driven cell-like fluctuations, which can potentially contribute to investigating the active parameter effect on cell fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Seok Lee
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Enomoto
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Aya Mizutani Akimoto
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Ryo Yoshida
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
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34
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Zhu Q, Tree DR. Simulations of morphology control of self‐assembled amphiphilic surfactants. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinyu Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering Brigham Young University Provo Utah USA
| | - Douglas R. Tree
- Department of Chemical Engineering Brigham Young University Provo Utah USA
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35
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Nsamela A, Garcia Zintzun AI, Montenegro-Johnson TD, Simmchen J. Colloidal Active Matter Mimics the Behavior of Biological Microorganisms-An Overview. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2202685. [PMID: 35971193 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a review of the recent development of biomimicking behaviors in active colloids. While the behavior of biological microswimmers is undoubtedly influenced by physics, it is frequently guided and manipulated by active sensing processes. Understanding the respective influences of the surrounding environment can help to engineering the desired response also in artificial swimmers. More often than not, the achievement of biomimicking behavior requires the understanding of both biological and artificial microswimmers swimming mechanisms and the parameters inducing mechanosensory responses. The comparison of both classes of microswimmers provides with analogies in their dependence on fuels, interaction with boundaries and stimuli induced motion, or taxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Nsamela
- Chair of Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Elvesys SAS, 172 Rue de Charonne, Paris, 75011, France
| | | | | | - Juliane Simmchen
- Chair of Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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36
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The crucial role of adhesion in the transmigration of active droplets through interstitial orifices. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1096. [PMID: 36841803 PMCID: PMC9968312 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Active fluid droplets are a class of soft materials exhibiting autonomous motion sustained by an energy supply. Such systems have been shown to capture motility regimes typical of biological cells and are ideal candidates as building-block for the fabrication of soft biomimetic materials of interest in pharmacology, tissue engineering and lab on chip devices. While their behavior is well established in unconstrained environments, much less is known about their dynamics under strong confinement. Here, we numerically study the physics of a droplet of active polar fluid migrating within a microchannel hosting a constriction with adhesive properties, and report evidence of a striking variety of dynamic regimes and morphological features, whose properties crucially depend upon droplet speed and elasticity, degree of confinement within the constriction and adhesiveness to the pore. Our results suggest that non-uniform adhesion forces are instrumental in enabling the crossing through narrow orifices, in contrast to larger gaps where a careful balance between speed and elasticity is sufficient to guarantee the transition. These observations may be useful for improving the design of artificial micro-swimmers, of interest in material science and pharmaceutics, and potentially for cell sorting in microfluidic devices.
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37
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Ghellab SE, Zhang X, Yang Y, Wang S, Basharat M, Zhou X, Lei L, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Fang H, Gao Y. Cell-Mimic Directional Cargo Transportation in a Visible-Light-Activated Colloidal Motor/Lipid Tube System. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2204260. [PMID: 36424173 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Active tether and transportation of cargoes on cytoskeletal highway enabled by molecular motors is key for accurate delivery of vesicles and organelles in the complex intracellular environment. Here, a hybrid system composed of colloidal motors and self-assembled lipid tubes is designed to mimic the subcellular traffic system in living cells. The colloidal motors, composed of gold-coated hematite, display light-activated self-propulsion tunable by the light intensity and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide fuel. Importantly, the motors show light-switchable binding with lipid cargoes and attachment to the lipid tubes, whereby the latter act as the motor highways. Upon assembly, the colloidal motor/lipid tube system demonstrates directional delivery of lipid vesicles, emulating intracellular transportation. The assembly and function of the hybrid system are rationalized by a cooperative action of light-triggered electrophoretic and hydrodynamic effects, supported by finite element analysis. A synthetic analog of the biological protein motor/cytoskeletal filament system is realized for the manipulation and delivery of different matter at the microscale, which is expected to be a promising platform for various applications in materials science, nanotechnology, microfluidics, and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Eddine Ghellab
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Device and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yicheng Yang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Julong College, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Majid Basharat
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xuemao Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lijie Lei
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Device and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Nanophotonics Research Center, College of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yongxiang Gao
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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38
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Close, but not too close: a mesoscopic description of (a)symmetry and membrane shaping mechanisms. Emerg Top Life Sci 2023; 7:81-93. [PMID: 36645200 DOI: 10.1042/etls20220078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Biomembranes are fundamental to our understanding of the cell, the basic building block of all life. An intriguing aspect of membranes is their ability to assume a variety of shapes, which is crucial for cell function. Here, we review various membrane shaping mechanisms with special focus on the current understanding of how local curvature and local rigidity induced by membrane proteins leads to emerging forces and consequently large-scale membrane deformations. We also argue that describing the interaction of rigid proteins with membranes purely in terms of local membrane curvature is incomplete and that changes in the membrane rigidity moduli must also be considered.
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39
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Sokolova A, Galic M. Modulation of self-organizing circuits at deforming membranes by intracellular and extracellular factors. Biol Chem 2023; 404:417-425. [PMID: 36626681 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces exerted to the plasma membrane induce cell shape changes. These transient shape changes trigger, among others, enrichment of curvature-sensitive molecules at deforming membrane sites. Strikingly, some curvature-sensing molecules not only detect membrane deformation but can also alter the amplitude of forces that caused to shape changes in the first place. This dual ability of sensing and inducing membrane deformation leads to the formation of curvature-dependent self-organizing signaling circuits. How these cell-autonomous circuits are affected by auxiliary parameters from inside and outside of the cell has remained largely elusive. Here, we explore how such factors modulate self-organization at the micro-scale and its emerging properties at the macroscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Sokolova
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Straße 31, 48149 Münster, Germany.,CiM-IMRPS Graduate Program, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Milos Galic
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Straße 31, 48149 Münster, Germany.,'Cells in Motion' Interfaculty Centre, University of Münster, Röntgenstraße 16, 48149 Münster, Germany
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40
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Gandikota MC, Cacciuto A. Rectification of confined soft vesicles containing active particles. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:315-320. [PMID: 36520608 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01407f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
One of the most promising features of active systems is that they can extract energy from their environment and convert it to mechanical work. Self propelled particles enable rectification when in contact with rigid boundaries. They can rectify their own motion when confined in asymmetric channels and that of microgears. In this paper, we study the shape fluctuations of two dimensional flexible vesicles containing active Brownian particles. We show how these fluctuations not only are capable of easily squeezing a vesicle through narrow openings, but are also responsible for its rectification when placed within asymmetric confining channels (ratchetaxis). We detail the conditions under which this process can be optimized, and sort out the complex interplay between elastic and active forces responsible for the directed motion of the vesicle across these channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Gandikota
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - A Cacciuto
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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41
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Tang L, Yi W, Qin F, Fan Q. Switchable Nanostructures Triggered by Noyori-Type Organometallics. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19668-19672. [PMID: 36454590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Janus particles (JPs) self-assembled by a typical small organic gemini surfactant in water were reported by us. After the addition of a small amount Noyori-type organometallics to an organic solvent, these gourd-shaped JPs became new nanostructures, such as nanotubes (NTs), nanoribbons (NRs), and new types of JPs. Significant changes in specific rotation occurred on the solution-like samples, triggered by chiral organometallics in 20 μL of ethyl acetate. Almost all of these organometallics-triggered nanostructures can be conveniently detached and reversed within 5 min due to the easy-phase separation of ethyl acetate from the emulsion and the chemical-selective unstable binding between the organometallics and carbonate group on the surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- Laboratory of Anaestheisa and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenhao Yi
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Feng Qin
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qin Fan
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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42
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van Buren L, Koenderink GH, Martinez-Torres C. DisGUVery: A Versatile Open-Source Software for High-Throughput Image Analysis of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 12:120-135. [PMID: 36508359 PMCID: PMC9872171 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are cell-sized aqueous compartments enclosed by a phospholipid bilayer. Due to their cell-mimicking properties, GUVs have become a widespread experimental tool in synthetic biology to study membrane properties and cellular processes. In stark contrast to the experimental progress, quantitative analysis of GUV microscopy images has received much less attention. Currently, most analysis is performed either manually or with custom-made scripts, which makes analysis time-consuming and results difficult to compare across studies. To make quantitative GUV analysis accessible and fast, we present DisGUVery, an open-source, versatile software that encapsulates multiple algorithms for automated detection and analysis of GUVs in microscopy images. With a performance analysis, we demonstrate that DisGUVery's three vesicle detection modules successfully identify GUVs in images obtained with a wide range of imaging sources, in various typical GUV experiments. Multiple predefined analysis modules allow the user to extract properties such as membrane fluorescence, vesicle shape, and internal fluorescence from large populations. A new membrane segmentation algorithm facilitates spatial fluorescence analysis of nonspherical vesicles. Altogether, DisGUVery provides an accessible tool to enable high-throughput automated analysis of GUVs, and thereby to promote quantitative data analysis in synthetic cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennard van Buren
- Department
of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZDelft, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsje Hendrika Koenderink
- Department
of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZDelft, The Netherlands,
| | - Cristina Martinez-Torres
- Department
of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZDelft, The Netherlands,
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43
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De Franceschi N, Pezeshkian W, Fragasso A, Bruininks BMH, Tsai S, Marrink SJ, Dekker C. Synthetic Membrane Shaper for Controlled Liposome Deformation. ACS NANO 2022; 17:966-978. [PMID: 36441529 PMCID: PMC9878720 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Shape defines the structure and function of cellular membranes. In cell division, the cell membrane deforms into a "dumbbell" shape, while organelles such as the autophagosome exhibit "stomatocyte" shapes. Bottom-up in vitro reconstitution of protein machineries that stabilize or resolve the membrane necks in such deformed liposome structures is of considerable interest to characterize their function. Here we develop a DNA-nanotechnology-based approach that we call the synthetic membrane shaper (SMS), where cholesterol-linked DNA structures attach to the liposome membrane to reproducibly generate high yields of stomatocytes and dumbbells. In silico simulations confirm the shape-stabilizing role of the SMS. We show that the SMS is fully compatible with protein reconstitution by assembling bacterial divisome proteins (DynaminA, FtsZ:ZipA) at the catenoidal neck of these membrane structures. The SMS approach provides a general tool for studying protein binding to complex membrane geometries that will greatly benefit synthetic cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola De Franceschi
- Department
of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZDelft, The Netherlands
| | - Weria Pezeshkian
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
- The
Niels Bohr International Academy, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 17DK-2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alessio Fragasso
- Department
of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZDelft, The Netherlands
| | - Bart M. H. Bruininks
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sean Tsai
- Department
of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZDelft, The Netherlands
| | - Siewert J. Marrink
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees Dekker
- Department
of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZDelft, The Netherlands
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44
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A dual-stimuli responsive electrochemiluminescence biosensor for pathogenic bacterial sensing and killing in foods. Talanta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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45
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Xiao K, Ma R, Wu CX. Force-induced wrapping phase transition in activated cellular uptake. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:044411. [PMID: 36397463 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.044411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular pathogens, including all viruses and many bacteria, enter a host cell through either passive endocytosis or active self-propulsion. Though the cellular uptake of passive particles via endocytic process has been studied extensively, little work has been done on the active entry of self-propelled pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes. Here, we present a theoretical model to investigate the adhesive wrapping of a self-propelled particle by a plasma membrane, and find a type of first-order wrapping transition from a small partial wrapping state to a large partial wrapping state triggered by the active force. The phase diagram displays more complex behaviors compared with the passive wrapping mediated merely by adhesion. We also find that a tubular protrusion can be formed if the active force exceeds a force barrier. These results may provide a useful guidance to the study of activity-driven cellular entry of active particles into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xiao
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325016, People's Republic of China and Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ma
- Fujian Provincial Key Lab for Soft Functional Materials Research, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Xu Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Lab for Soft Functional Materials Research, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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46
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Hickl V, Juarez G. Tubulation and dispersion of oil by bacterial growth on droplets. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:7217-7228. [PMID: 36102194 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00813k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria on surfaces exhibit collective behaviors, such as active turbulence and active stresses, which result from their motility, growth, and interactions with their local surroundings. However, interfacial deformations on soft surfaces and liquid interfaces caused by active growth, particularly over long time scales, are not well understood. Here, we describe experimental observations on the emergence of tubular structures arising from the growth of rod-shaped bacteria at the interface of oil droplets in water. Using microfluidics and timelapse microscopy, the dimensions and extension rates of individual tubular structures as well as bulk bio-aggregate formation are quantified for hundreds of droplets over 72 hours. Tubular structures are comparable in length to the initial droplet radius and are composed of an outer shell of bacteria that stabilize an inner filament of oil. The oil filament breaks up into smaller microdroplets dispersed within the bacterial shell. This work provides insight into active stresses at deformable interfaces and improves our understanding of microbial oil biodegradation and its potential influence on the transport of droplets in the ocean water column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Hickl
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Gabriel Juarez
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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47
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Xie K, Gorin B, Cerbus RT, Alvarez L, Rampnoux JM, Kellay H. Activity Induced Rigidity of Liquid Droplets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:138001. [PMID: 36206417 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.138001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Here we show that encapsulating active Janus particles within a drop renders it more resistant to deformation. This drop is deformed under the action of an extensional flow. Such deformation is primarily resisted by the drop interfacial tension. When the particles are active under the action of laser illumination, the deformation decreases signaling an increase in effective tension or Laplace pressure. This increase is attributed to the activity of the particles. Our results using numerous drop sizes, particle number densities, and active velocities show that the obtained increase agrees surprisingly well, over an extended range, with a standard expression for the pressure engendered by an ensemble of active particles, proposed years ago but not tested yet in three dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Xie
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Benjamin Gorin
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Rory T Cerbus
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Laura Alvarez
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CRPP, UMR 5031, 33600 Pessac, France
| | | | - Hamid Kellay
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33405 Talence, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
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48
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Iyer P, Gompper G, Fedosov DA. Non-equilibrium shapes and dynamics of active vesicles. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:6868-6881. [PMID: 36043635 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00622g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Active vesicles, constructed through the confinement of self-propelled particles (SPPs) inside a lipid membrane shell, exhibit a large variety of non-equilibrium shapes, ranging from the formation of local tethers and dendritic conformations, to prolate and bola-like structures. To better understand the behavior of active vesicles, we perform simulations of membranes modelled as dynamically triangulated surfaces enclosing active Brownian particles. A systematic analysis of membrane deformations and SPP clustering, as a function of SPP activity and volume fraction inside the vesicle is carried out. Distributions of membrane local curvature, and the clustering and mobility of SPPs obtained from simulations of active vesicles are analysed. There exists a feedback mechanism between the enhancement of membrane curvature, the formation of clusters of active particles, and local or global changes in vesicle shape. The emergence of active tension due to the activity of SPPs can well be captured by the Young-Laplace equation. Furthermore, a simple numerical method for tether detection is presented and used to determine correlations between the number of tethers, their length, and local curvature. We also provide several geometrical arguments to explain different tether characteristics for various conditions. These results contribute to the future development of steerable active vesicles or soft micro-robots whose behaviour can be controlled and used for potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Iyer
- Theoretical Physics of Living Matter, Institute of Biological Information Processing and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Gompper
- Theoretical Physics of Living Matter, Institute of Biological Information Processing and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Dmitry A Fedosov
- Theoretical Physics of Living Matter, Institute of Biological Information Processing and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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49
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Park M, Lee K, Granick S. Response of vesicle shapes to dense inner active matter. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:6419-6425. [PMID: 35979740 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00781a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We consider experimentally the Takatori-Sahu model of vesicle shape fluctuations induced by enclosed active matter, a model till present tested only in the absence of collective motion because few enclosed bacteria were used to generate the desired active motion (S. C. Takatori and A. Sahu, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2020, 124, 158102). Using deformable giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and phase contrast microscopy, we extract the mode-dependence of GUV shape fluctuations when hundreds of E. coli bacteria are contained within each GUV. In the microscope focal plane, patterns of collective bacteria flow include vortex flow, dipolar flow, and chaotic motion, all of which influence the GUV shapes. The Takatori-Sahu model generalizes well to this situation if one considers the moving element to be the experimentally-determined size of the collecively-moving flock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeonggon Park
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, South Korea.
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Kisung Lee
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, South Korea.
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Steve Granick
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, South Korea.
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
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50
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Abstract
Swimming bacterial pathogens can penetrate and shape the membranes of their host cells. We study an artificial model system of this kind comprising Escherichia coli enclosed inside vesicles, which consist of nothing more than a spherical membrane bag. The bacteria push out membrane tubes, and the tubes propel the vesicles. This phenomenon is intriguing because motion cannot be generated by pushing the vesicles from within. We explain the motility of our artificial cell by a shape coupling between the flagella of each bacterium and the enclosing membrane tube. This constitutes a design principle for conferring motility to cell-sized vesicles and demonstrates the universality of lipid membranes as a building block in the development of new biohybrid systems. We study a synthetic system of motile Escherichia coli bacteria encapsulated inside giant lipid vesicles. Forces exerted by the bacteria on the inner side of the membrane are sufficient to extrude membrane tubes filled with one or several bacteria. We show that a physical coupling between the membrane tube and the flagella of the enclosed cells transforms the tube into an effective helical flagellum propelling the vesicle. We develop a simple theoretical model to estimate the propulsive force from the speed of the vesicles and demonstrate the good efficiency of this coupling mechanism. Together, these results point to design principles for conferring motility to synthetic cells.
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