1
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Hou Z, Liu M, Zong Y, Ye F, Zhao K. The cooperative migration dynamics of particles correlates to the nature of hexatic-isotropic phase transition in 2D systems of corner-rounded hexagons. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 4:284-290. [PMID: 38933517 PMCID: PMC11197561 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the two-dimensional (2D) melting transition of colloidal systems, the hexatic-isotropic (H-I) transition can be either first-order or continuous. However, how particle dynamics differs at the single-particle level during these two different melting transitions remains to be disclosed. In this work, by Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations, we have systematically studied the dynamic behavior of corner-rounded hexagons during the H-I transition, for a range of corner-roundness ζ = 0.40 to 0.99 that covers the crossover from the continuous to first-order nature of H-I transition. The results show that hexagons with ζ ≤ 0.5 display a continuous H-I transition, whereas those with ζ ≥ 0.6 demonstrate a first-order H-I transition. Dynamic analysis shows different evolution pathways of the dominant cluster formed by migrating particles, which results in a droplet-like cluster structure for ζ = 0.40 hexagons and a tree-like cluster structure for ζ = 0.99 hexagons. Further investigations on the hopping activities of particles suggest a cooperative origin of migrating clusters. Our work provides a new aspect to understand the dependence of the nature of H-I transition on the roundness of hexagons through particle dynamic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanglin Hou
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Physical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yiwu Zong
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
- School of Physical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
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2
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Zhang H, Zhang Q, Liu F, Han Y. Anisotropic-Isotropic Transition of Cages at the Glass Transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:078201. [PMID: 38427876 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.078201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Characterizing the local structural evolution is an essential step in understanding the nature of glass transition. In this work, we probe the evolution of Voronoi cell geometry in simple glass models by simulations and colloid experiments, and find that the individual particle cages deform anisotropically in supercooled liquid and isotropically in glass. We introduce an anisotropy parameter k for each Voronoi cell, whose mean value exhibits a sharp change at the mode-coupling glass transition ϕ_{c}. Moreover, a power law of packing fraction ϕ∝q_{1}^{d} is discovered in the supercooled liquid regime with d>D, in contrast to d=D in the glass regime, where q_{1} is the first peak position of structure factor, and D is the space dimension. This power law is qualitatively explained by the change of k. The active motions in supercooled liquid are spatially correlated with long axes rather than short axes of Voronoi cells. In addition, the dynamic slowing down approaching the glass transition can be well characterized through a modified free-volume model based on k. These findings reveal that the structural parameter k is effective in identifying the structure-dynamics correlations and the glass transition in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China
| | - Yilong Han
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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3
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Pareek P, Adhikari M, Dasgupta C, Nandi SK. Different glassy characteristics are related to either caging or dynamical heterogeneity. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:174503. [PMID: 37916596 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the enormous theoretical and application interests, a fundamental understanding of the glassy dynamics remains elusive. The static properties of glassy and ordinary liquids are similar, but their dynamics are dramatically different. What leads to this difference is the central puzzle of the field. Even the primary defining glassy characteristics, their implications, and if they are related to a single mechanism remain unclear. This lack of clarity is a severe hindrance to theoretical progress. Here, we combine analytical arguments and simulations of various systems in different dimensions and address these questions. Our results suggest that the myriad of glassy features are manifestations of two distinct mechanisms. Particle caging controls the mean, and coexisting slow- and fast-moving regions govern the distribution of particle displacements. All the other glassy characteristics are manifestations of these two mechanisms; thus, the Fickian yet non-Gaussian nature of glassy liquids is not surprising. We discover a crossover, from stretched exponential to a power law, in the behavior of the overlap function. This crossover is prominent in simulation data and forms the basis of our analyses. Our results have crucial implications on how the glassy dynamics data are analyzed, challenge some recent suggestions on the mechanisms governing glassy dynamics, and impose strict constraints that a correct theory of glasses must have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Pareek
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Monoj Adhikari
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Chandan Dasgupta
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, TIFR, Bangalore 560089, India
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4
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Liu H, Huang Z, Schoenholz SS, Cubuk ED, Smedskjaer MM, Sun Y, Wang W, Bauchy M. Learning molecular dynamics: predicting the dynamics of glasses by a machine learning simulator. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:3416-3428. [PMID: 37382413 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Many-body dynamics of atoms such as glass dynamics is generally governed by complex (and sometimes unknown) physics laws. This challenges the construction of atom dynamics simulations that both (i) capture the physics laws and (ii) run with little computation cost. Here, based on graph neural network (GNN), we introduce an observation-based graph network (OGN) framework to "bypass all physics laws" to simulate complex glass dynamics solely from their static structure. By taking the example of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we successfully apply the OGN to predict atom trajectories evolving up to a few hundred timesteps and ranging over different families of complex atomistic systems, which implies that the atom dynamics is largely encoded in their static structure in disordered phases and, furthermore, allows us to explore the capacity of OGN simulations that is potentially generic to many-body dynamics. Importantly, unlike traditional numerical simulations, the OGN simulations bypass the numerical constraint of small integration timestep by a multiplier of ≥5 to conserve energy and momentum until hundreds of timesteps, thus leapfrogging the execution speed of MD simulations for a modest timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- SOlids inFormaTics AI-Laboratory (SOFT-AI-Lab), College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Zijie Huang
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | | | - Ekin D Cubuk
- Brain Team, Google Research, Mountain View, California, 94043, USA
| | - Morten M Smedskjaer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
| | - Yizhou Sun
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Mathieu Bauchy
- Physics of AmoRphous and Inorganic Solids Laboratory (PARISlab), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.
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5
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Wu J, Xu C, Ye Z, Chen H, Wang Y, Yang K, Yuan B. Transition between Different Diffusion Modes of Individual Lipids during the Membrane-Specific Action of As-CATH4 Peptides. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301713. [PMID: 37093200 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The cell membrane permeabilization ability of immune defense antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is widely applied in biomedicine. Although the mechanisms of peptide-membrane interactions have been widely investigated, analyses at the molecular level are still lacking. Herein, the membrane-specific action of a native AMP, As-CATH4, is investigated using a single-lipid tracking method in combination with live cell and model membrane assays conducted at different scales. The peptide-membrane interaction process is characterized by analyzing single-lipid diffusion behaviors. As-CATH4 exhibits potent antimicrobial activity through bacterial membrane permeabilization, with moderate cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. In-plane diffusion analyses of individual lipids show that the lipid molecules exhibit non-Gaussian and heterogeneous diffusion behaviors in both pristine and peptide-treated membranes, which can be decomposed into two Gaussian subgroups corresponding to normal- and slow-diffusive lipids. Assessment of the temporal evolution of these two diffusion modes of lipids reveal that the peptide action states of As-CATH4 include surface binding, transmembrane defect formation, and dynamic equilibrium. The action mechanisms of As-CATH4 at varying concentrations and against different membranes are distinguished. This work resolves the simultaneous mixed diffusion mechanisms of single lipids in biomimetic cell membranes, especially during dynamic membrane permeabilization by AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Wu
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Zifan Ye
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Chen
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Kai Yang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yuan
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China
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6
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Zhang F, Yu H, Wang H, Zhang Z. Comparative study of the dynamics of colloidal glass and gel. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2888843. [PMID: 37144714 DOI: 10.1063/5.0146692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate and compare the difference in the dynamics of two arrested states: colloidal glass and colloidal gel. Real-space experiments reveal two distinct nonergodicity origins for their slow dynamics, namely, cage effects for the glass and attractive bondings for the gel. Such distinct origins lead to a faster decay of the correlation function and a smaller nonergodicity parameter of the glass than those of the gel. We also find that the gel exhibits stronger dynamical heterogeneity compared with the glass due to the greater correlated motions in the gel. Moreover, a logarithmic decay in the correlation function is observed as the two nonergodicity origins merge, consistent with the mode coupling theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukai Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- The High School Affiliated to Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China
| | - Huaguang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zexin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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7
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Xu C, Yang K, Yuan B. Non-Gaussian Diffusion of Individual Lipids Unveils the Unique Peptide-Membrane Interaction Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:854-862. [PMID: 36656807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of protein (or peptide)-membrane interactions plays a central role in cellular functions; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, through analyzing the diffusion of individual lipids in a bilayer membrane during the membrane actions of typical peptides (e.g., pore-forming peptide melittin and cell-penetrating peptide TAT) at varying concentrations, the spatial heterogeneity as well as temporal dynamics of lipid motions were investigated which showed close correlation with the peptide action mechanism. Specifically, the spatial heterogeneity of lipid diffusion was characterized by the non-Gaussianity of lipid trajectories, which was further decomposed into two basic diffusion modes; moreover, the temporal evolution of the Gaussian fitting parameters provided quantitative information on the varying metastable interaction states between peptides and the membrane (e.g., peptide landing, membrane insertion, and equilibrium). Generally, this work gives an insight into the correlation between single-lipid diffusion and function-realization of membrane-active peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou215006, Jiangsu, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Yuan
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan523808, Guangdong, China
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8
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Chu W, Yu J, Ren N, Wang Z, Hu L. A fractal structural feature related to dynamic crossover in metallic glass-forming liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:4151-4160. [PMID: 36655679 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04840j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic crossover in supercooled liquids initially predicted by model coupling theory has been widely accepted, but its underlying structural origin is still an open issue for glass-forming liquids. By molecular dynamics simulations of binary CuZr liquids, the present work verifies that high pressure could enhance this crossover, facilitating the studies on the structural features at the crossover temperature Tc. We discover that the topological connectivity of icosahedral clusters is responsible for this dynamic crossover, rather than all clusters. Tc is the temperature at which the connectivity degree between these clusters reaches a maximum and the dynamic heterogeneity begins to keep stable. Below Tc, the fractal topological structures appear in the medium-range order scale. The icosahedral clusters with a certain connectivity pattern can be regarded as a fractal structural unit. By employing the established fractal analysis method, the fractal dimension D of the icosahedral network is calculated. Our results indicate that the D value increases monotonically with increasing pressure and the fractal behavior of the icosahedral network is an inherent feature of metallic glasses. We also find similar fractal behavior in clusters with high local five-fold symmetry. Our findings shed light on the origin of a dynamic crossover in the deep supercooled region of metallic glasses and also demonstrate the important role of icosahedral clusters in uncovering the fractal behavior of metallic glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Jinhua Yu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Nannan Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243032, Anhui Provence, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Lina Hu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
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9
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Peng H, Liu H, Voigtmann T. Nonmonotonic Dynamical Correlations beneath the Surface of Glass-Forming Liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:215501. [PMID: 36461957 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.215501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Collective motion over increasing length scales is a signature of the vitrification process of liquids. We demonstrate how distinct static and dynamic length scales govern the dynamics of vitrifying films. In contrast to a monotonically growing static correlation length, the dynamical correlation length that measures the extent of surface-dynamics acceleration into the bulk displays a striking nonmonotonic temperature evolution that is robust also against changes in detailed interatomic interaction. This nonmonotonic change defines a crossover temperature T_{*} that is distinct from the critical temperature T_{c} of mode-coupling theory. We connect this nonmonotonic change to a morphological change of cooperative rearrangement regions of fast particles, and to the point where the decoupling of fast-particle motion from the bulk relaxation is most sensitive to fluctuations. We propose a rigorous definition of this new crossover temperature T_{*} within a recent extension of mode-coupling theory, the stochastic β-relaxation theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Rd, 410083 Changsha, China
| | - Huashan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Rd, 410083 Changsha, China
| | - Thomas Voigtmann
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), 51170 Köln, Germany
- Department of Physics, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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10
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Tian L, Bechinger C. Surface melting of a colloidal glass. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6605. [PMID: 36329020 PMCID: PMC9633806 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their technological relevance, a full microscopic understanding of glasses is still lacking. This applies even more to their surfaces whose properties largely differ from that of the bulk material. Here, we experimentally investigate the surface of a two-dimensional glass as a function of the effective temperature. To yield a free surface, we use an attractive colloidal suspension of micron-sized particles interacting via tunable critical Casimir forces. Similar to crystals, we observe surface melting of the glass, i.e., the formation of a liquid film at the surface well below the glass temperature. Underneath, however, we find an unexpected region with bulk density but much faster particle dynamics. It results from connected clusters of highly mobile particles which are formed near the surface and deeply percolate into the underlying material. Because its thickness can reach several tens of particle diameters, this layer may elucidate the poorly understood properties of thin glassy films which find use in many technical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
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11
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Narinder N, Bos MF, Abaurrea-Velasco C, de Graaf J, Bechinger C. Understanding enhanced rotational dynamics of active probes in rod suspensions. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:6246-6253. [PMID: 35946318 PMCID: PMC9400583 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00583b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Active Brownian particles (APs) have recently been shown to exhibit enhanced rotational diffusion (ERD) in complex fluids. Here, we experimentally observe ERD and numerically corroborate its microscopic origin for a quasi-two-dimensional suspension of colloidal rods. At high density, the rods form small rafts, wherein they perform small-amplitude, high-frequency longitudinal displacements. Activity couples AP-rod contacts to reorientation, with the variance therein leading to ERD. This is captured by a local, rather than a global relaxation time, as used in previous phenomenological modeling. Our result should prove relevant to the microrheological characterization of complex fluids and furthering our understanding of the dynamics of microorganisms in such media.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Narinder
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - M F Bos
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, Utrecht, 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - C Abaurrea-Velasco
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, Utrecht, 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - J de Graaf
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, Utrecht, 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - C Bechinger
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.
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12
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Li YW, Yao Y, Ciamarra MP. Local Plastic Response and Slow Heterogeneous Dynamics of Supercooled Liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:258001. [PMID: 35802437 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.258001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate, via numerical simulations, that the relaxation dynamics of supercooled liquids correlates well with a plastic length scale measuring a particle's response to impulsive localized perturbations and weakly to measures of local elasticity. We find that the particle averaged plastic length scale vanishes linearly in temperature and controls the super-Arrhenius temperature dependence of the relaxation time. Furthermore, we show that the plastic length scale of individual particles correlates with their typical displacement at the relaxation time. In contrast, the local elastic response only correlates with the dynamics on the vibrational timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yugui Yao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Massimo Pica Ciamarra
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore, CNR-SPIN, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126, Napoli, Italy and CNRS@CREATE LTD, 1 Create Way, No. 08-01 CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore
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13
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Tian J, Kob W, Barrat JL. Are strongly confined colloids good models for two dimensional liquids? J Chem Phys 2022; 156:164903. [PMID: 35490014 DOI: 10.1063/5.0086749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) colloidal hard-sphere suspensions confined in a slit geometry are widely used as two-dimensional (2D) model systems in experiments that probe the glassy relaxation dynamics of 2D systems. However, the question to what extent these quasi-2D systems indeed represent 2D systems is rarely brought up. Here, we use computer simulations that take into account hydrodynamic interactions to show that dense quasi-2D colloidal bi-disperse hard-sphere suspensions exhibit much more rapid diffusion and relaxation than their 2D counterparts at the same area fraction. This difference is induced by the additional vertical space in the quasi-2D samples in which the small colloids can move out of the 2D plane, therefore allowing overlap between particles in the projected trajectories. Surprisingly, this difference in the dynamics can be accounted for if, instead of using the surface density, one characterizes the systems by means of a suitable structural quantity related to the radial distribution function. This implies that in the two geometries, the relevant physics for glass formation is essentially identical. Our results provide not only practical implications on 2D colloidal experiments but also interesting insights into the 3D-to-2D crossover in glass-forming systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiting Tian
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 621999 Mianyang, China
| | - Walter Kob
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), University of Montpellier and CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier, France
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14
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Behra JS, Thiriez A, Truzzolillo D, Ramos L, Cipelletti L. Controlling the volume fraction of glass-forming colloidal suspensions using thermosensitive host "mesogels". J Chem Phys 2022; 156:134901. [PMID: 35395903 DOI: 10.1063/5.0086822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The key parameter controlling the glass transition of colloidal suspensions is φ, the fraction of the sample volume occupied by the particles. Unfortunately, changing φ by varying an external parameter, e.g., temperature T as in molecular glass formers, is not possible, unless one uses thermosensitive colloidal particles, such as the popular poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAM) microgels. These, however, have several drawbacks, including high deformability, osmotic deswelling, and interpenetration, which complicate their use as a model system to study the colloidal glass transition. Here, we propose a new system consisting of a colloidal suspension of non-deformable spherical silica nanoparticles, in which PNiPAM hydrogel spheres of ∼100-200μm size are suspended. These non-colloidal "mesogels" allow for controlling the sample volume effectively available to the silica nanoparticles and hence their φ, thanks to the T-induced change in mesogels' volume. Using optical microscopy, we first show that the mesogels retain their ability to change size with T when suspended in Ludox suspensions, similarly as in water. We then show that their size is independent of the sample thermal history such that a well-defined, reversible relationship between T and φ may be established. Finally, we use space-resolved dynamic light scattering to demonstrate that, upon varying T, our system exhibits a broad range of dynamical behaviors across the glass transition and beyond, comparable with those exhibited by a series of distinct silica nanoparticle suspensions of various φ.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Behra
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - A Thiriez
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - D Truzzolillo
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - L Ramos
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - L Cipelletti
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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15
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Liu ACY, Bøjesen ED, Tabor RF, Mudie ST, Zaccone A, Harrowell P, Petersen TC. Local symmetry predictors of mechanical stability in glasses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn0681. [PMID: 35302847 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of crystals are controlled by the translational symmetry of their structures. But for glasses with a disordered structure, the link between the symmetry of local particle arrangements and stability is not well established. In this contribution, we provide experimental verification that the centrosymmetry of nearest-neighbor polyhedra in a glass strongly correlates with the local mechanical stability. We examine the distribution of local stability and local centrosymmetry in a glass during aging and deformation using microbeam x-ray scattering. These measurements reveal the underlying relationship between particle-level structure and larger-scale behavior and demonstrate that spatially connected, coordinated local transformations to lower symmetry structures are fundamental to these phenomena. While glassy structures lack obvious global symmetry breaking, local structural symmetry is a critical factor in predicting stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia C Y Liu
- Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Espen D Bøjesen
- Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre and Centre for Integrated Materials Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Rico F Tabor
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Stephen T Mudie
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | | | - Peter Harrowell
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, N.S.W. 2006, Australia
| | - Timothy C Petersen
- Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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16
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Sun W, Wu H, Luo Y, Li B, Mao L, Zhao X, Zhang L, Gao Y. Structure and dynamics behavior during the glass transition of the polyisoprene in the presence of pressure: A molecular dynamics simulation. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Chun DJ, Oh Y, Sung BJ. Translation-rotation decoupling of tracers reflects medium-range crystalline order in two-dimensional colloid glasses. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:054615. [PMID: 34942845 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.054615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic heterogeneity and the translation-rotation decoupling are the dynamic signatures of glasses and supercooled liquids. Whether and how the dynamic heterogeneity would relate to the local structure of glasses has been a puzzle for decades. In this work we perform molecular dynamics simulations for tracers in both two-dimensional polydisperse colloids (2DPC) and two-dimensional binary colloids (2DBC). In 2DPC glasses, hexatic local structures develop at low enough temperatures and grow quickly along with the dynamic correlation length of the 2DPC, which is well known as the medium-range crystalline order (MRCO). In 2DBC glasses, on the other hand, any explicit local structure has not been reported to grow significantly with the dynamic correlation length at low temperatures. We introduce two different types of tracers into colloidal systems: A diamond tracer that resembles the MRCO of 2DPC glasses and a square tracer that is dissimilar to any local structure of glasses. The translation-rotation decoupling of the diamond tracer in 2DPC glasses is much more significant than that of the square tracer in the same 2DPC glasses. On the other hand, such a tracer shape-dependence of the decoupling is not observed in 2DBC glasses where the local hexatic structure does not develop significantly. We introduce a shape-dependency parameter of the decoupling and find that the shape-dependency parameter grows along with the dynamic correlation length in 2DPC glasses but not in 2DBC glasses. This illustrates that the dynamic heterogeneity and the translation-rotation decoupling of tracers could reveal the local structure that develops in glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jae Chun
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong June Sung
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
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18
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Debets VE, Luo C, Ciarella S, Janssen LMC. Generalized mode-coupling theory for mixtures of Brownian particles. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:065302. [PMID: 35030832 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.065302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Generalized mode-coupling theory (GMCT) has recently emerged as a promising first-principles theory to study the poorly understood dynamics of glass-forming materials. Formulated as a hierarchical extension of standard mode-coupling theory (MCT), it is able to systematically improve its predictions by including the exact dynamics of higher-order correlation functions into its hierarchy. However, in contrast to Newtonian dynamics, a fully generalized version of the theory based on Brownian dynamics is still lacking. To close this gap, we provide a detailed derivation of GMCT for colloidal mixtures obeying a many-body Smoluchowski equation. We demonstrate that a hierarchy of coupled equations can again be established and show that these, consistent with standard MCT, are identical to the ones obtained from Newtonian GMCT when taking the overdamped limit. Consequently, the nontrivial similarity between Brownian and Newtonian MCT is maintained for our multicomponent GMCT. As a proof of principle, we also solve the generalized mode-coupling equations for the binary Kob-Andersen Lennard-Jones mixture undergoing Brownian dynamics and confirm the improved predictive power of the theory upon using more levels of the GMCT hierarchy of equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent E Debets
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Chengjie Luo
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Ciarella
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Liesbeth M C Janssen
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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19
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Pastore R, Kikutsuji T, Rusciano F, Matubayasi N, Kim K, Greco F. Breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation in supercooled liquids: A cage-jump perspective. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:114503. [PMID: 34551555 DOI: 10.1063/5.0059622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation in supercooled liquids, which is the increase in the ratio τατD between the two macroscopic times for structural relaxation and diffusion on decreasing the temperature, is commonly ascribed to dynamic heterogeneities, but a clear-cut microscopic interpretation is still lacking. Here, we tackle this issue exploiting the single-particle cage-jump framework to analyze molecular dynamics simulations of soft disk assemblies and supercooled water. We find that τατD∝⟨tp⟩⟨tc⟩, where ⟨tp⟩ and ⟨tc⟩ are the cage-jump times characterizing slow and fast particles, respectively. We further clarify that this scaling does not arise from a simple term-by-term proportionality; rather, the relations τα∝⟨tp⟩⟨ΔrJ 2⟩ and τD∝⟨tc⟩⟨ΔrJ 2⟩ effectively connect the macroscopic and microscopic timescales, with the mean square jump length ⟨ΔrJ 2⟩ shrinking on cooling. Our work provides a microscopic perspective on the Stokes-Einstein breakdown and generalizes previous results on lattice models to the case of more realistic glass-formers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Pastore
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, Napoli 80125, Italy
| | - Takuma Kikutsuji
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Francesco Rusciano
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, Napoli 80125, Italy
| | - Nobuyuki Matubayasi
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kang Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Francesco Greco
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, Napoli 80125, Italy
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20
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Xu Z, Dai X, Bu X, Yang Y, Zhang X, Man X, Zhang X, Doi M, Yan LT. Enhanced Heterogeneous Diffusion of Nanoparticles in Semiflexible Networks. ACS NANO 2021; 15:4608-4616. [PMID: 33625839 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The transport of nanoparticles in semiflexible networks, which form diverse principal structural components throughout living systems, is important in biology and biomedical applications. By combining large-scale molecular simulations as well as theoretical analysis, we demonstrate here that nanoparticles in polymer networks with semiflexible strands possess enhanced heterogeneous diffusion characterized by more evident hopping dynamics. Particularly, the hopping energy barrier approximates to linear dependence on confinement parameters in the regime of moderate rigidity, in contrast to the quadratic dependence of both its soft and hard counterparts. This nonmonotonic feature can be attributed to the competition between the conformation entropy and the bending energy regulated by the chain rigidity, captured by developing an analytical model of a hopping energy barrier. Moreover, these theoretical results agree reasonably well with previous experiments. The findings bear significance in unraveling the fundamental physics of substance transport confined in network-topological environments and would provide an explanation for the dynamics diversity of nanoparticles within various networks, biological or synthetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaobin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiangyu Bu
- School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Ye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xuanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xingkun Man
- Center of Soft Matter Physics and its Applications, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xinghua Zhang
- School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Masao Doi
- Center of Soft Matter Physics and its Applications, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Li-Tang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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21
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Abaurrea-Velasco C, Lozano C, Bechinger C, de Graaf J. Autonomously Probing Viscoelasticity in Disordered Suspensions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:258002. [PMID: 33416358 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.258002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments show a strong rotational diffusion enhancement for self-propelled microrheological probes in colloidal glasses. Here, we provide microscopic understanding using simulations with a frictional probe-medium coupling that converts active translation into rotation. Diffusive enhancement emerges from the medium's disordered structure and peaks at a second-order transition in the number of contacts. Our results reproduce the salient features of the colloidal glass experiment and support an effective description that is applicable to a broader class of viscoelastic suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Abaurrea-Velasco
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University,Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Celia Lozano
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Clemens Bechinger
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Joost de Graaf
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University,Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
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