1
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Zhang X, Jiang R, Shen X, Huang X, Jiang QD, Ku W. Geometric Inhibition of Superflow in Single-Layer Graphene Suggests a Staggered-Flux Superconductivity in Bilayer and Trilayer Graphene. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 39133810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
In great contrast to the numerous discoveries of superconductivity in layer-stacked graphene systems, the absence of superconductivity in the simplest monolayer graphene remains quite puzzling. Here, through realistic computation of the electronic structure, we identify a systematic trend that superconductivity emerges only upon alteration of the low-energy electronic lattice from the underlying honeycomb atomic structure. We then demonstrate that this inhibition can result from geometric frustration of the bond lattice that disables the quantum phase coherence of the order parameter residing on it. In comparison, upon deviation from the honeycomb lattice, relief of geometric frustration allows robust superfluidity with nontrivial spatial structures. For the specific examples of bilayer and trilayer graphene under an external electric field, such a bond-centered order parameter would develop superfluidity with staggered flux that breaks the time-reversal symmetry. Our study also suggests the possible realization of the long-sought superconductivity in single-layer graphene via the application of unidirectional strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ruoshi Jiang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xingchen Shen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaomo Huang
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qing-Dong Jiang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Wei Ku
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
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2
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Bhowmik S, Ghosh A, Chandni U. Emergent phases in graphene flat bands. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2024; 87:096401. [PMID: 39059412 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad67ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Electronic correlations in two-dimensional materials play a crucial role in stabilising emergent phases of matter. The realisation of correlation-driven phenomena in graphene has remained a longstanding goal, primarily due to the absence of strong electron-electron interactions within its low-energy bands. In this context, magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene has recently emerged as a novel platform featuring correlated phases favoured by the low-energy flat bands of the underlying moiré superlattice. Notably, the observation of correlated insulators and superconductivity, and the interplay between these phases have garnered significant attention. A wealth of correlated phases with unprecedented tunability was discovered subsequently, including orbital ferromagnetism, Chern insulators, strange metallicity, density waves, and nematicity. However, a comprehensive understanding of these closely competing phases remains elusive. The ability to controllably twist and stack multiple graphene layers has enabled the creation of a whole new family of moiré superlattices with myriad properties. Here, we review the progress and development achieved so far, encompassing the rich phase diagrams offered by these graphene-based moiré systems. Additionally, we discuss multiple phases recently observed in non-moiré multilayer graphene systems. Finally, we outline future opportunities and challenges for the exploration of hidden phases in this new generation of moiré materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisab Bhowmik
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Arindam Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - U Chandni
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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3
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Datta S, Bhowmik S, Varshney H, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Agarwal A, Chandni U. Nonlinear Electrical Transport Unveils Fermi Surface Malleability in a Moiré Heterostructure. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:9520-9527. [PMID: 39058474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Van Hove singularities enhance many-body interactions and induce collective states of matter ranging from superconductivity to magnetism. In magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene, van Hove singularities appear at low energies and are malleable with density, leading to a sequence of Lifshitz transitions and resets observable in Hall measurements. However, without a magnetic field, linear transport measurements have limited sensitivity to the band's topology. Here, we utilize nonlinear longitudinal and transverse transport measurements to probe these unique features in twisted bilayer graphene at zero magnetic field. We demonstrate that the nonlinear responses, induced by the Berry curvature dipole and extrinsic scattering processes, intricately map the Fermi surface reconstructions at various fillings. Importantly, our experiments highlight the intrinsic connection of these features with the moiré bands. Beyond corroborating the insights from linear Hall measurements, our findings establish nonlinear transport as a pivotal tool for probing band topology and correlated phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvronil Datta
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Saisab Bhowmik
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Harsh Varshney
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Amit Agarwal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - U Chandni
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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4
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Long M, Jimeno-Pozo A, Sainz-Cruz H, Pantaleón PA, Guinea F. Evolution of superconductivity in twisted graphene multilayers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2405259121. [PMID: 39078673 PMCID: PMC11317599 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2405259121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The group of moiré graphene superconductors keeps growing, and by now it contains twisted graphene multilayers as well as untwisted stacks. We analyze here the contribution of long-range charge fluctuations in the superconductivity of twisted double bilayers and helical trilayers, and compare the results to twisted bilayer graphene. A diagrammatic approach which depends on a few, well-known parameters is used. We find that the critical temperature and the order parameter differ significantly between twisted double bilayers and helical trilayers on one hand, and twisted bilayer graphene on the other. This trend, consistent with experiments, can be associated with the role played by moiré Umklapp processes in the different systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Long
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, Madrid28049, Spain
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong - University of Chinese Academy of Science Joint Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics, Hong Kong Administrative Region999077, China
| | | | - Héctor Sainz-Cruz
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, Madrid28049, Spain
| | - Pierre A. Pantaleón
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, Madrid28049, Spain
| | - Francisco Guinea
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, Madrid28049, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián20018, Spain
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5
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Saigal N, Klebl L, Lambers H, Bahmanyar S, Antić V, Kennes DM, Wehling TO, Wurstbauer U. Collective Charge Excitations between Moiré Minibands in Twisted WSe_{2} Bilayers Probed with Resonant Inelastic Light Scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:046902. [PMID: 39121396 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.046902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
We establish low-temperature resonant inelastic light scattering (RILS) spectroscopy as a tool to probe the formation of a series of moiré bands in twisted WSe_{2} bilayers by accessing collective inter-moiré-band excitations (IMBEs). We observe resonances in RILS spectra at energies in agreement with inter-moiré-band transitions obtained from an ab initio based continuum model. Transitions between the first and second moiré band for a twist angle of about 8° are reported and between the first and the third, and higher bands for a twist of about 3°. The signatures from IMBE for the latter highlight a strong departure from parabolic bands with flat minibands exhibiting very high density of states in accord with theory. These observations allow one to quantify the transition energies at the K point where the states relevant for correlation physics are hosted.
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6
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Ninhos P, Tserkezis C, Mortensen NA, Peres NMR. Tunable Exciton Polaritons in Band-Gap Engineered Hexagonal Boron Nitride. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39041180 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c07003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
We show that hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), a two-dimensional insulator, when subjected to an external superlattice potential forms a paradigm for electrostatically tunable excitons in the near- and mid-ultraviolet (UV). With a combination of analytical and numerical methods, we see that the imposed potential has three consequences: (i) It renormalizes the effective mass tensor, leading to anisotropic effective masses. (ii) It renormalizes the band gap, eventually reducing it. (iii) It reduces the exciton binding energies. All these consequences depend on a single dimensionless parameter, which includes the product of strength of the external potential with its period. In addition to the excitonic energy levels, we compute the optical conductivity along two orthogonal directions and from it the absorption spectrum. The results for the latter show that our system is able to mimic a grid polarizer. These characteristics make one-dimensional hBN superlattices a viable and meaningful platform for fine-tuned polaritonics in the UV to visible spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ninhos
- POLIMA─Center for Polariton-driven Light-Matter Interactions, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Christos Tserkezis
- POLIMA─Center for Polariton-driven Light-Matter Interactions, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - N Asger Mortensen
- POLIMA─Center for Polariton-driven Light-Matter Interactions, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
- D-IAS─Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Nuno M R Peres
- POLIMA─Center for Polariton-driven Light-Matter Interactions, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Centro de Física (CF-UM-UP) and Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, P-4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
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7
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Hu B, Chen H, Ye Y, Huang Z, Han X, Zhao Z, Xiao H, Lin X, Yang H, Wang Z, Gao HJ. Evidence of a distinct collective mode in Kagome superconductors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6109. [PMID: 39030195 PMCID: PMC11271580 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The collective modes of the superconducting order parameter fluctuation can provide key insights into the nature of the superconductor. Recently, a family of superconductors has emerged in non-magnetic kagome materials AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs), exhibiting fertile emergent phenomenology. However, the collective behaviors of Cooper pairs have not been studied. Here, we report a distinct collective mode in CsV3-xTaxSb5 using scanning tunneling microscope/spectroscopy. The spectral line-shape is well-described by one isotropic and one anisotropic superconducting gap, and a bosonic mode due to electron-mode coupling. With increasing x, the two gaps move closer in energy, merge into two isotropic gaps of equal amplitude, and then increase synchronously. The mode energy decreases monotonically to well below 2 Δ and survives even after the charge density wave order is suppressed. We propose the interpretation of this collective mode as Leggett mode between different superconducting components or the Bardasis-Schrieffer mode due to a subleading superconducting component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, PR China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, PR China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, PR China
- Hefei National Laboratory, 230088, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yuhan Ye
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, PR China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zihao Huang
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, PR China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xianghe Han
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, PR China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, PR China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongqin Xiao
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, PR China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, PR China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, PR China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, PR China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, PR China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, PR China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, 230088, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
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8
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Marsal Q, Black-Schaffer AM. Enhanced Quantum Metric due to Vacancies in Graphene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:026002. [PMID: 39073980 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.026002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Random vacancies in a graphene monolayer induce defect states that are known to form a narrow impurity band centered around zero energy at half filling. We use a space-resolved formulation of the quantum metric and establish a strong enhancement of the electronic correlations in this impurity band. The enhancement is primarily due to strong correlations between pairs of vacancies situated on different sublattices at anomalously large spatial distances. We trace the strong enhancement to both the multifractal vacancy wave functions, which ties the system exactly at the Anderson insulator transition for all defect concentrations, and preserving the chiral symmetry.
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9
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Li P, He W, Ju P, Ji L, Liu X, Wu F, Lu Z, Li H, Chen L, Liu J, Zhou H, Chen J. Acquisition of molecular rolling lubrication by self-curling of graphite nanosheet at cryogenic temperature. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5747. [PMID: 38982069 PMCID: PMC11233547 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Friction as a fundamental physical phenomenon dominates nature and human civilization, among which the achievement of molecular rolling lubrication is desired to bring another breakthrough, like the macroscale design of wheel. Herein, an edge self-curling nanodeformation phenomenon of graphite nanosheets (GNSs) at cryogenic temperature is found, which is then used to promote the formation of graphite nanorollers in friction process towards molecular rolling lubrication. The observation of parallel nanorollers at the friction interface give the experimental evidence for the occurrence of molecular rolling lubrication, and the graphite exhibits abnormal lubrication performance in vacuum with ultra-low friction and wear at macroscale. The molecular rolling lubrication mechanism is elucidated from the electronic interaction perspective. Experiments and theoretical simulations indicate that the driving force of the self-curling is the uneven atomic shrinkage induced stress, and then the shear force promotes the intact nanoroller formation, while the constraint of atomic vibration decreases the dissipation of driving stress and favors the nanoroller formation therein. It will open up a new pathway for controlling friction at microscale and nanostructural manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhao He
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Ju
- Shanghai Aerospace Equipment Manufacture, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhibin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingzhou Liu
- Shanghai Aerospace Equipment Manufacture, Shanghai, China
| | - Huidi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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10
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Hinlopen RDH, Moulding ON, Broad WR, Buhot J, Bangma F, McCollam A, Ayres J, Sayers CJ, Da Como E, Flicker F, van Wezel J, Friedemann S. Lifshitz transition enabling superconducting dome around a charge-order critical point. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl3921. [PMID: 38968362 PMCID: PMC11225790 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl3921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Superconductivity often emerges as a dome around a quantum critical point (QCP) where long-range order is suppressed to zero temperature, mostly in magnetically ordered materials. However, the emergence of superconductivity at charge-order QCPs remains shrouded in mystery, despite its relevance to high-temperature superconductors and other exotic phases of matter. Here, we present resistance measurements proving that a dome of superconductivity surrounds the putative charge-density-wave QCP in pristine samples of titanium diselenide tuned with hydrostatic pressure. In addition, our quantum oscillation measurements combined with electronic structure calculations show that superconductivity sets in precisely when large electron and hole pockets suddenly appear through an abrupt change of the Fermi surface topology, also known as a Lifshitz transition. Combined with the known repulsive interaction, this suggests that unconventional s± superconductivity is mediated by charge-density-wave fluctuations in titanium diselenide. These results highlight the importance of the electronic ground state and charge fluctuations in enabling unconventional superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roemer D. H. Hinlopen
- HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Owen N. Moulding
- HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
- Institut Néel CNRS/UGA UPR2940, 25 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38042, France
| | - William R. Broad
- HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Jonathan Buhot
- HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525 ED, Netherlands
| | - Femke Bangma
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525 ED, Netherlands
| | - Alix McCollam
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525 ED, Netherlands
- School of Physics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jake Ayres
- HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525 ED, Netherlands
| | | | - Enrico Da Como
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Felix Flicker
- HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s Buildings North Building, 5 The Parade, Newport Road, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Jasper van Wezel
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Netherlands
| | - Sven Friedemann
- HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
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11
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Li C, Xu F, Li B, Li J, Li G, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Tong B, Shen J, Lu L, Jia J, Wu F, Liu X, Li T. Tunable superconductivity in electron- and hole-doped Bernal bilayer graphene. Nature 2024; 631:300-306. [PMID: 38898282 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07584-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Graphene-based, high-quality, two-dimensional electronic systems have emerged as a highly tunable platform for studying superconductivity1-21. Specifically, superconductivity has been observed in both electron- and hole-doped twisted graphene moiré systems1-17, whereas in crystalline graphene systems, superconductivity has so far been observed only in hole-doped rhombohedral trilayer graphene (RTG)18 and hole-doped Bernal bilayer graphene (BBG)19-21. Recently, enhanced superconductivity has been demonstrated20,21 in BBG because of the proximity to a monolayer WSe2. Here we report the observation of superconductivity and a series of flavour-symmetry-breaking phases in electron- and hole-doped BBG/WSe2 devices by electrostatic doping. The strength of the observed superconductivity is tunable by applied vertical electric fields. The maximum Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition temperature for the electron- and hole-doped superconductivity is about 210 mK and 400 mK, respectively. Superconductivities emerge only when the applied electric fields drive the BBG electron or hole wavefunctions towards the WSe2 layer, underscoring the importance of the WSe2 layer in the observed superconductivity. The hole-doped superconductivity violates the Pauli paramagnetic limit, consistent with an Ising-like superconductor. By contrast, the electron-doped superconductivity obeys the Pauli limit, although the proximity-induced Ising spin-orbit coupling is also notable in the conduction band. Our findings highlight the rich physics associated with the conduction band in BBG, paving the way for further studies into the superconducting mechanisms of crystalline graphene and the development of superconductor devices based on BBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chushan Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bohao Li
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Bingbing Tong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China
| | - Jinfeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengcheng Wu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China.
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tingxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China.
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12
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Valenti A, Calvera V, Kivelson SA, Berg E, Huber SD. Nematic Metal in a Multivalley Electron Gas: Variational Monte Carlo Analysis and Application to AlAs. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:266501. [PMID: 38996276 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.266501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The two-dimensional electron gas is of fundamental importance in quantum many-body physics. We study a minimal extension of this model with C_{4} (as opposed to full rotational) symmetry and an electronic dispersion with two valleys with anisotropic effective masses. Electrons in our model interact via Coulomb repulsion, screened by distant metallic gates. Using variational Monte Carlo simulations, we find a broad intermediate range of densities with a metallic valley-polarized, spin-unpolarized ground state. Our results are of direct relevance to the recently discovered "nematic" state in AlAs quantum wells. For the effective mass anisotropy relevant to this system, m_{x}/m_{y}≈5.2, we obtain a transition from an anisotropic metal to a valley-polarized metal at r_{s}≈12 (where r_{s} is the dimensionless Wigner-Seitz radius). At still lower densities, we find a (possibly metastable) valley and spin-polarized state with a reduced electronic anisotropy.
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13
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Paul N, Crowley PJD, Fu L. Directional Localization from a Magnetic Field in Moiré Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:246402. [PMID: 38949360 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.246402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Moiré materials provide a highly tunable platform in which novel electronic phenomena can emerge. We study strained moiré materials in a uniform magnetic field and predict highly anisotropic electrical conductivity that switches easy axis as magnetic field or strain is varied. The dramatic anisotropy reflects one-dimensional localization (directional localization) of the electron wave functions along a crystal axis due to quantum interference effects. This can be understood in an effective one-dimensional quasiperiodic Aubry-André-Harper-like model, or in a complementary semiclassical picture. This phenomenon should be observable in strained moiré materials at realistic fields and low strain disorder, as well as unstrained systems with anisotropic Fermi surfaces.
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14
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Le C, Zhang Q, Cui F, Wu X, Chiu CK. Double and Quadruple Flat Bands Tuned by Alternative Magnetic Fluxes in Twisted Bilayer Graphene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:246401. [PMID: 38949361 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.246401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) can host the moiré energy flat bands with twofold degeneracy serving as a fruitful playground for strong correlations and topological phases. However, the number of degeneracy is not limited to two. Introducing a spatially alternative magnetic field, we report that the induced magnetic phase becomes an additional controllable parameter and leads to an undiscovered generation of fourfold degenerate flat bands. This emergence stems from the band inversion at the Γ point near the Fermi level with a variation of both twisted angle and magnetic phase. We present the conditions for the emergence of multifold degenerate flat bands, which are associated with the eigenvalue degeneracy of a Birman-Schwinger operator. Using holomorphic functions, which explain the origin of the double flat bands in the conventional TBG, we can generate analytical wave functions in the magnetic TBG to show absolute flatness with fourfold degeneracy. Moreover, we identify an orbital-related intervalley coherent state as the many-body ground state at charge neutrality. In contrast, the conventional TBG has only two moiré energy flat bands, and the highly degenerate flat bands with additional orbital channels in this magnetic platform might bring richer correlation physics.
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15
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Yao H, Zheng P, Zhang S, Hu C, Fang X, Zhang L, Ling D, Chen H, Ou X. Twist piezoelectricity: giant electromechanical coupling in magic-angle twisted bilayer LiNbO 3. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5002. [PMID: 38866740 PMCID: PMC11169249 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Twisted a pair of stacked two-dimensional materials exhibit many exotic electronic and photonic properties, leading to the emergence of flat-band superconductivity, moiré engineering and topological polaritons. These remarkable discoveries make twistronics the focus point of tremendous interest, but mostly limited to the concept of electrons, phonons or photons. Here, we present twist piezoelectricity as a fascinating paradigm to modulate polarization and electromechanical coupling by twisting precisely the stacked lithium niobate slabs due to the interlayer coupling effect. Particularly, the inversed and twisted bilayer lithium niobate is constructed to overcome the intrinsic mutual limitation of single crystals and giant effective electromechanical coupling coefficientk t 2 is unveiled at magic angle of 11 1 ∘ , reaching 85.5%. Theoretical analysis based on mutual energy integrals shows well agreements with numerical and experimental results. Our work opens new venues to flexibly control multi-physics with magic angle, stimulating progress in wideband acoustic-electric, and acoustic-optic components, which has great potential in wireless communication, timing, sensing, and hybrid integrated photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
- The Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengcheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
- The Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China.
| | - Chuanjie Hu
- Department of Physics & Department of Microelectronics and Integrated Circuit, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiaoli Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
- The Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Dan Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
- The Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huanyang Chen
- Department of Physics & Department of Microelectronics and Integrated Circuit, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen, 361005, China.
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia.
| | - Xin Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China.
- The Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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16
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Yuan Y, Liu L, Zhu J, Dong J, Chu Y, Wu F, Du L, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Shi D, Zhang G, Yang W. Interplay of Landau Quantization and Interminivalley Scatterings in a Weakly Coupled Moiré Superlattice. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6722-6729. [PMID: 38717299 PMCID: PMC11157648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Double-layer quantum systems are promising platforms for realizing novel quantum phases. Here, we report a study of quantum oscillations (QOs) in a weakly coupled double-layer system composed of a large-angle twisted-double-bilayer graphene (TDBG). We quantify the interlayer coupling strength by measuring the interlayer capacitance from the QOs pattern at low temperatures, revealing electron-hole asymmetry. At high temperatures when SdHOs are thermally smeared, we observe resistance peaks when Landau levels (LLs) from two moiré minivalleys are aligned, regardless of carrier density; eventually, it results in a 2-fold increase of oscillating frequency in D, serving as compelling evidence of the magneto-intersub-band oscillations (MISOs) in double-layer systems. The temperature dependence of MISOs suggests that electron-electron interactions play a crucial role and the scattering times obtained from MISO thermal damping are correlated with the interlayer coupling strength. Our study reveals intriguing interplays among Landau quantization, moiré band structure, and scatterings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Yuan
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- School
of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Le Liu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- School
of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Jundong Zhu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- School
of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Dong
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- School
of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yanbang Chu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- School
of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Fanfan Wu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- School
of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Luojun Du
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- School
of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research
Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Dongxia Shi
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- School
of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s
Republic of China
- Songshan
Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- School
of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s
Republic of China
- Songshan
Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- School
of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s
Republic of China
- Songshan
Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, People’s
Republic of China
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17
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Hoke JC, Li Y, May-Mann J, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Bradlyn B, Hughes TL, Feldman BE. Uncovering the spin ordering in magic-angle graphene via edge state equilibration. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4321. [PMID: 38773076 PMCID: PMC11109299 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48385-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The flat bands in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) provide an especially rich arena to investigate interaction-driven ground states. While progress has been made in identifying the correlated insulators and their excitations at commensurate moiré filling factors, the spin-valley polarizations of the topological states that emerge at high magnetic field remain unknown. Here we introduce a technique based on twist-decoupled van der Waals layers that enables measurement of their electronic band structure and-by studying the backscattering between counter-propagating edge states-the determination of the relative spin polarization of their edge modes. We find that the symmetry-broken quantum Hall states that extend from the charge neutrality point in MATBG are spin unpolarized at even integer filling factors. The measurements also indicate that the correlated Chern insulator emerging from half filling of the flat valence band is spin unpolarized and suggest that its conduction band counterpart may be spin polarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse C Hoke
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Julian May-Mann
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Physics and Institute for Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Barry Bradlyn
- Department of Physics and Institute for Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Taylor L Hughes
- Department of Physics and Institute for Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Benjamin E Feldman
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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18
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Bigeard G, Cresti A. Magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene under orthogonal and in-plane magnetic fields. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:325502. [PMID: 38670079 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad4431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the effect of a magnetic field on the band structure of bilayer graphene with a magic twist angle of 1.08∘. The coupling of a tight-binding model and the Peierls phase allows the calculation of the energy bands of periodic two-dimensional systems. For an orthogonal magnetic field, the Landau levels are dispersive, particularly for magnetic lengths comparable to or larger than the twisted bilayer cell size. A high in-plane magnetic field modifies the low-energy bands and gap, which we demonstrate to be a direct consequence of the minimal coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Bigeard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CROMA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alessandro Cresti
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CROMA, 38000 Grenoble, France
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19
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Dong W, Dai Z, Liu L, Zhang Z. Toward Clean 2D Materials and Devices: Recent Progress in Transfer and Cleaning Methods. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2303014. [PMID: 38049925 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have tremendous potential to revolutionize the field of electronics and photonics. Unlocking such potential, however, is hampered by the presence of contaminants that usually impede the performance of 2D materials in devices. This perspective provides an overview of recent efforts to develop clean 2D materials and devices. It begins by discussing conventional and recently developed wet and dry transfer techniques and their effectiveness in maintaining material "cleanliness". Multi-scale methodologies for assessing the cleanliness of 2D material surfaces and interfaces are then reviewed. Finally, recent advances in passive and active cleaning strategies are presented, including the unique self-cleaning mechanism, thermal annealing, and mechanical treatment that rely on self-cleaning in essence. The crucial role of interface wetting in these methods is emphasized, and it is hoped that this understanding can inspire further extension and innovation of efficient transfer and cleaning of 2D materials for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaohe Dai
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Luqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
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20
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Cortés-Del Río E, Trivini S, Pascual JI, Cherkez V, Mallet P, Veuillen JY, Cuevas JC, Brihuega I. Shaping Graphene Superconductivity with Nanometer Precision. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308439. [PMID: 38112230 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Graphene holds great potential for superconductivity due to its pure 2D nature, the ability to tune its carrier density through electrostatic gating, and its unique, relativistic-like electronic properties. At present, still far from controlling and understanding graphene superconductivity, mainly because the selective introduction of superconducting properties to graphene is experimentally very challenging. Here, a method is developed that enables shaping at will graphene superconductivity through a precise control of graphene-superconductor junctions. The method combines the proximity effect with scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) manipulation capabilities. Pb nano-islands are first grown that locally induce superconductivity in graphene. Using a STM, Pb nano-islands can be selectively displaced, over different types of graphene surfaces, with nanometre scale precision, in any direction, over distances of hundreds of nanometres. This opens an exciting playground where a large number of predefined graphene-superconductor hybrid structures can be investigated with atomic scale precision. To illustrate the potential, a series of experiments are performed, rationalized by the quasi-classical theory of superconductivity, going from the fundamental understanding of superconductor-graphene-superconductor heterostructures to the construction of superconductor nanocorrals, further used as "portable" experimental probes of local magnetic moments in graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Cortés-Del Río
- Departamento Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, E-28049, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, E-28049, Spain
| | | | - José I Pascual
- CIC nanoGUNE-BRTA, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Vladimir Cherkez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel, Grenoble, F-38400, France
- CNRS, Institut Neel, Grenoble, F-38042, France
| | - Pierre Mallet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel, Grenoble, F-38400, France
- CNRS, Institut Neel, Grenoble, F-38042, France
| | - Jean-Yves Veuillen
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel, Grenoble, F-38400, France
- CNRS, Institut Neel, Grenoble, F-38042, France
| | - Juan C Cuevas
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, E-28049, Spain
- Departamento Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, E-28049, Spain
- Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, E-28049, Spain
| | - Iván Brihuega
- Departamento Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, E-28049, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, E-28049, Spain
- Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, E-28049, Spain
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21
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Lowe B, Field B, Hellerstedt J, Ceddia J, Nourse HL, Powell BJ, Medhekar NV, Schiffrin A. Local gate control of Mott metal-insulator transition in a 2D metal-organic framework. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3559. [PMID: 38670958 PMCID: PMC11053079 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Electron-electron interactions in materials lead to exotic many-body quantum phenomena, including Mott metal-insulator transitions (MITs), magnetism, quantum spin liquids, and superconductivity. These phases depend on electronic band occupation and can be controlled via the chemical potential. Flat bands in two-dimensional (2D) and layered materials with a kagome lattice enhance electronic correlations. Although theoretically predicted, correlated-electron Mott insulating phases in monolayer 2D metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with a kagome structure have not yet been realised experimentally. Here, we synthesise a 2D kagome MOF on a 2D insulator. Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy reveal a MOF electronic energy gap of ∼200 meV, consistent with dynamical mean-field theory predictions of a Mott insulator. Combining template-induced (via work function variations of the substrate) and STM probe-induced gating, we locally tune the electron population of the MOF kagome bands and induce Mott MITs. These findings enable technologies based on electrostatic control of many-body quantum phases in 2D MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lowe
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Bernard Field
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jack Hellerstedt
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Julian Ceddia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Henry L Nourse
- Quantum Information Science and Technology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Ben J Powell
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Nikhil V Medhekar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Agustin Schiffrin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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22
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Wu W, Shi Z, Ozerov M, Du Y, Wang Y, Ni XS, Meng X, Jiang X, Wang G, Hao C, Wang X, Zhang P, Pan C, Pan H, Sun Z, Yang R, Xu Y, Hou Y, Yan Z, Zhang C, Lu HZ, Chu J, Yuan X. The discovery of three-dimensional Van Hove singularity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2313. [PMID: 38485978 PMCID: PMC10940667 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Arising from the extreme/saddle point in electronic bands, Van Hove singularity (VHS) manifests divergent density of states (DOS) and induces various new states of matter such as unconventional superconductivity. VHS is believed to exist in one and two dimensions, but rarely found in three dimension (3D). Here, we report the discovery of 3D VHS in a topological magnet EuCd2As2 by magneto-infrared spectroscopy. External magnetic fields effectively control the exchange interaction in EuCd2As2, and shift 3D Weyl bands continuously, leading to the modification of Fermi velocity and energy dispersion. Above the critical field, the 3D VHS forms and is evidenced by the abrupt emergence of inter-band transitions, which can be quantitatively described by the minimal model of Weyl semimetals. Three additional optical transitions are further predicted theoretically and verified in magneto-near-infrared spectra. Our results pave the way to exploring VHS in 3D systems and uncovering the coordination between electronic correlation and the topological phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center of Brain-Inspired Intelligent Materials and Devices, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Mykhaylo Ozerov
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Yuhan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Ni
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianghao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Congming Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhui Pan
- Multifunctional Platform for Innovation Precision Machining Center, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenrong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Run Yang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, 211189, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Yusheng Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongbo Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Zhou Lu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junhao Chu
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Center of Brain-Inspired Intelligent Materials and Devices, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China.
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23
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Wang J, Cheng F, Sun Y, Xu H, Cao L. Stacking engineering in layered homostructures: transitioning from 2D to 3D architectures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:7988-8012. [PMID: 38380525 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04656g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Artificial materials, characterized by their distinctive properties and customized functionalities, occupy a central role in a wide range of applications including electronics, spintronics, optoelectronics, catalysis, and energy storage. The emergence of atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials has driven the creation of artificial heterostructures, harnessing the potential of combining various 2D building blocks with complementary properties through the art of stacking engineering. The promising outcomes achieved for heterostructures have spurred an inquisitive exploration of homostructures, where identical 2D layers are precisely stacked. This perspective primarily focuses on the field of stacking engineering within layered homostructures, where precise control over translational or rotational degrees of freedom between vertically stacked planes or layers is paramount. In particular, we provide an overview of recent advancements in the stacking engineering applied to 2D homostructures. Additionally, we will shed light on research endeavors venturing into three-dimensional (3D) structures, which allow us to proactively address the limitations associated with artificial 2D homostructures. We anticipate that the breakthroughs in stacking engineering in 3D materials will provide valuable insights into the mechanisms governing stacking effects. Such advancements have the potential to unlock the full capability of artificial layered homostructures, propelling the future development of materials, physics, and device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Wang
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics & Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Hai Xu
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics & Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liang Cao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Low-Energy Quantum Materials and Devices, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China.
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24
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Liu L, Liu K, Zhai T. Emerging van der Waals Dielectrics of Inorganic Molecular Crystals for 2D Electronics. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6733-6739. [PMID: 38335468 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
In the landscape of continuous downscaling metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors, two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors with atomic thinness emerge as promising channel materials for ultimate scaled devices. However, integrating compatible dielectrics with 2D semiconductors, particularly in a scalable way, remains a critical challenge that hinders the development of 2D devices. Recently, 2D inorganic molecular crystals (IMCs), which are free of dangling bonds and possess excellent dielectric properties and simplicity for scalable fabrication, have emerged as alternatives for gate dielectric integration in 2D devices. In this Perspective, we start with the introduction of structure and synthesis methods of IMCs and then discuss the explorations of using IMCs as the dielectrics, as well as some remaining relevant issues to be unraveled. Moreover, we look at the future opportunities of IMC dielectrics in 2D devices both for practical applications and fundamental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Kailang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
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25
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Craig IM, Van Winkle M, Groschner C, Zhang K, Dowlatshahi N, Zhu Z, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Griffin SM, Bediako DK. Local atomic stacking and symmetry in twisted graphene trilayers. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:323-330. [PMID: 38191631 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01783-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Moiré superlattices formed by twisting trilayers of graphene are a useful model for studying correlated electron behaviour and offer several advantages over their formative bilayer analogues, including a more diverse collection of correlated phases and more robust superconductivity. Spontaneous structural relaxation alters the behaviour of moiré superlattices considerably and has been suggested to play an important role in the relative stability of superconductivity in trilayers. Here we use an interferometric four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy approach to directly probe the local graphene layer alignment over a wide range of trilayer graphene structures. Our results inform a thorough understanding of how reconstruction modulates the local lattice symmetries crucial for establishing correlated phases in twisted graphene trilayers, evincing a relaxed structure that is markedly different from that proposed previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac M Craig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Kaidi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Ziyan Zhu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Sinéad M Griffin
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D Kwabena Bediako
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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26
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Sun X, Suriyage M, Khan AR, Gao M, Zhao J, Liu B, Hasan MM, Rahman S, Chen RS, Lam PK, Lu Y. Twisted van der Waals Quantum Materials: Fundamentals, Tunability, and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1992-2079. [PMID: 38335114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Twisted van der Waals (vdW) quantum materials have emerged as a rapidly developing field of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors. These materials establish a new central research area and provide a promising platform for studying quantum phenomena and investigating the engineering of novel optoelectronic properties such as single photon emission, nonlinear optical response, magnon physics, and topological superconductivity. These captivating electronic and optical properties result from, and can be tailored by, the interlayer coupling using moiré patterns formed by vertically stacking atomic layers with controlled angle misorientation or lattice mismatch. Their outstanding properties and the high degree of tunability position them as compelling building blocks for both compact quantum-enabled devices and classical optoelectronics. This paper offers a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the understanding and manipulation of twisted van der Waals structures and presents a survey of the state-of-the-art research on moiré superlattices, encompassing interdisciplinary interests. It delves into fundamental theories, synthesis and fabrication, and visualization techniques, and the wide range of novel physical phenomena exhibited by these structures, with a focus on their potential for practical device integration in applications ranging from quantum information to biosensors, and including classical optoelectronics such as modulators, light emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors. It highlights the unique ability of moiré superlattices to connect multiple disciplines, covering chemistry, electronics, optics, photonics, magnetism, topological and quantum physics. This comprehensive review provides a valuable resource for researchers interested in moiré superlattices, shedding light on their fundamental characteristics and their potential for transformative applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Sun
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Manuka Suriyage
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Ahmed Raza Khan
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (Rachna College Campus), Gujranwala, Lahore 54700, Pakistan
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Quantum Science & Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Boqing Liu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Md Mehedi Hasan
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Sharidya Rahman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ruo-Si Chen
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Ping Koy Lam
- Department of Quantum Science & Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Yuerui Lu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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27
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Poduval PP, Scheurer MS. Vestigial singlet pairing in a fluctuating magnetic triplet superconductor and its implications for graphene superlattices. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1713. [PMID: 38402211 PMCID: PMC10894192 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45950-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Stacking and twisting graphene layers allows to create and control a two-dimensional electron liquid with strong correlations. Experiments indicate that these systems exhibit strong tendencies towards both magnetism and triplet superconductivity. Motivated by this phenomenology, we study a 2D model of fluctuating triplet pairing and spin magnetism. Individually, their respective order parameters, d and N, cannot order at finite temperature. Nonetheless, the model exhibits a variety of vestigial phases, including charge-4e superconductivity and broken time-reversal symmetry. Our main focus is on a phase characterized by finite d ⋅ N, which has the same symmetries as the BCS state, a Meissner effect, and metastable supercurrents, yet rather different spectral properties: most notably, the suppression of the electronic density of states at the Fermi level can resemble that of either a fully gapped or nodal superconductor, depending on parameters. This provides a possible explanation for recent tunneling experiments in the superconducting phase of graphene moiré systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathyush P Poduval
- Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Condensed Matter Theory Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Mathias S Scheurer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III, University of Stuttgart, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, A-6020, Austria.
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28
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Zhao Z, Zhang T, Yue S, Wang P, Bao Y, Zhan S. Spin Polarization: A New Frontier in Efficient Photocatalysis for Environmental Purification and Energy Conversion. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300726. [PMID: 38059760 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
As a promising strategy to improve photocatalytic efficiency, spin polarization has attracted enormous attention in recent years, which could be involved in various steps of photoreaction. The Pauli repulsion principle and the spin selection rule dictate that the behavior of two electrons in a spatial eigenstate is based on their spin states, and this fact opens up a new avenue for manipulating photocatalytic efficiency. In this review, recent advances in modulating the photocatalytic activity with spin polarization are systematically summarized. Fundamental insights into the influence of spin-polarization effects on photon absorption, carrier separation, and migration, and the behaviors of reaction-related substances from the photon uptake to reactant desorption are highlighted and discussed in detail, and various photocatalytic applications for environmental purification and energy conversion are presented. This review is expected to deliver a timely overview of the recent developments in spin-polarization-modulated photocatalysis for environmental purification and energy conversion in terms of their practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yueping Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Sihui Zhan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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29
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Szkudlarek A, Michalik JM, Serrano-Esparza I, Nováček Z, Novotná V, Ozga P, Kapusta C, De Teresa JM. Graphene removal by water-assisted focused electron-beam-induced etching - unveiling the dose and dwell time impact on the etch profile and topographical changes in SiO 2 substrates. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 15:190-198. [PMID: 38352720 PMCID: PMC10862135 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Graphene is one of the most extensively studied 2D materials, exhibiting extraordinary mechanical and electronic properties. Although many years have passed since its discovery, manipulating single graphene layers is still challenging using standard resist-based lithography techniques. Recently, it has been shown that it is possible to etch graphene directly in water-assisted processes using the so-called focused electron-beam-induced etching (FEBIE), with a spatial resolution of ten nanometers. Nanopatterning graphene with such a method in one single step and without using a physical mask or resist is a very appealing approach. During the process, on top of graphene nanopatterning, we have found significant morphological changes induced in the SiO2 substrate even at low electron dose values (<8 nC/μm2). We demonstrate that graphene etching and topographical changes in SiO2 substrates can be controlled via electron beam parameters such as dwell time and dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Szkudlarek
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Krakow, av. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan M Michalik
- Department of Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, av. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Inés Serrano-Esparza
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Zdeněk Nováček
- NenoVision s.r.o. Purkyňova 649/127, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Novotná
- NenoVision s.r.o. Purkyňova 649/127, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Power Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 3082/12, Královo Pole, 61600, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Piotr Ozga
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta Street, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Czesław Kapusta
- Department of Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, av. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - José María De Teresa
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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30
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Wu Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Hu W, Zhao S, Officer T, Luo K, Tong K, Du C, Zhang L, Li B, Zhuge Z, Liang Z, Ma M, Nie A, Yu D, He J, Liu Z, Xu B, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Tian Y. Twisted-layer boron nitride ceramic with high deformability and strength. Nature 2024; 626:779-784. [PMID: 38383626 PMCID: PMC10881384 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Moiré superlattices formed by twisted stacking in van der Waals materials have emerged as a new platform for exploring the physics of strongly correlated materials and other emergent phenomena1-5. However, there remains a lack of research on the mechanical properties of twisted-layer van der Waals materials, owing to a lack of suitable strategies for making three-dimensional bulk materials. Here we report the successful synthesis of a polycrystalline boron nitride bulk ceramic with high room-temperature deformability and strength. This ceramic, synthesized from an onion-like boron nitride nanoprecursor with conventional spark plasma sintering and hot-pressing sintering, consists of interlocked laminated nanoplates in which parallel laminae are stacked with varying twist angles. The compressive strain of this bulk ceramic can reach 14% before fracture, about one order of magnitude higher compared with traditional ceramics (less than 1% in general), whereas the compressive strength is about six times that of ordinary hexagonal boron nitride layered ceramics. The exceptional mechanical properties are due to a combination of the elevated intrinsic deformability of the twisted layering in the nanoplates and the three-dimensional interlocked architecture that restricts deformation from propagating across individual nanoplates. The advent of this twisted-layer boron nitride bulk ceramic opens a gate to the fabrication of highly deformable bulk ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingju Wu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Timothy Officer
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kun Luo
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Ke Tong
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Congcong Du
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Baozhong Li
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zewen Zhuge
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zitai Liang
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Mengdong Ma
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Anmin Nie
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Dongli Yu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Julong He
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhisheng Zhao
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China.
| | - Yongjun Tian
- Center for High Pressure Science (CHiPS), State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China.
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31
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Chen S, Jiang Y, Zhu Z, Zhang Q, Zhang C, Zhang Q, Qian W, Zhang S, Wei F. Fluidization and Application of Carbon Nano Agglomerations. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306355. [PMID: 38115551 PMCID: PMC10885674 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials are unique with excellent functionality and diverse structures. However, agglomerated structures are commonly formed because of small-size effects and surface effects. Their hierarchical assembly into micro particles enables carbon nanomaterials to break the boundaries of classical Geldart particle classification before stable fluidization under gas-solid interactions. Currently, there are few systematic reports regarding the structural evolution and fluidization mechanism of carbon nano agglomerations. Based on existing research on carbon nanomaterials, this article reviews the fluidized structure control and fluidization principles of prototypical carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as well as their nanocomposites. The controlled agglomerate fluidization technology leads to the successful mass production of agglomerated and aligned CNTs. In addition, the self-similar agglomeration of individual ultralong CNTs and nanocomposites with silicon as model systems further exemplify the important role of surface structure and particle-fluid interactions. These emerging nano agglomerations have endowed classical fluidization technology with more innovations in advanced applications like energy storage, biomedical, and electronics. This review aims to provide insights into the connections between fluidization and carbon nanomaterials by highlighting their hierarchical structural evolution and the principle of agglomerated fluidization, expecting to showcase the vitality and connotation of fluidization science and technology in the new era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibo Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yaxin Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, SINOPEC, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Ordos Laboratory, Inner Mongolia, 017000, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weizhong Qian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Ordos Laboratory, Inner Mongolia, 017000, China
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, SINOPEC, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Kuang X, Pantaleón Peralta PA, Angel Silva-Guillén J, Yuan S, Guinea F, Zhan Z. Optical properties and plasmons in moiré structures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:173001. [PMID: 38232397 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad1f8c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The discoveries of numerous exciting phenomena in twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) are stimulating significant investigations on moiré structures that possess a tunable moiré potential. Optical response can provide insights into the electronic structures and transport phenomena of non-twisted and twisted moiré structures. In this article, we review both experimental and theoretical studies of optical properties such as optical conductivity, dielectric function, non-linear optical response, and plasmons in moiré structures composed of graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and/or transition metal dichalcogenides. Firstly, a comprehensive introduction to the widely employed methodology on optical properties is presented. After, moiré potential induced optical conductivity and plasmons in non-twisted structures are reviewed, such as single layer graphene-hBN, bilayer graphene-hBN and graphene-metal moiré heterostructures. Next, recent investigations of twist-angle dependent optical response and plasmons are addressed in twisted moiré structures. Additionally, we discuss how optical properties and plasmons could contribute to the understanding of the many-body effects and superconductivity observed in moiré structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueheng Kuang
- Yangtze Delta Industrial Innovation Center of Quantum Science and Technology, Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Jose Angel Silva-Guillén
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados, IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Shengjun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of the Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, People's Republic of China
| | - Francisco Guinea
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados, IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Zhen Zhan
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados, IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Liu Q, Cui S, Bian R, Pan E, Cao G, Li W, Liu F. The Integration of Two-Dimensional Materials and Ferroelectrics for Device Applications. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1778-1819. [PMID: 38179983 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing interest in functional devices based on two-dimensional (2D) materials, which possess exotic physical properties. With an ultrathin thickness, the optoelectrical and electrical properties of 2D materials can be effectively tuned by an external field, which has stimulated considerable scientific activities. Ferroelectric fields with a nonvolatile and electrically switchable feature have exhibited enormous potential in controlling the electronic and optoelectronic properties of 2D materials, leading to an extremely fertile area of research. Here, we review the 2D materials and relevant devices integrated with ferroelectricity. This review starts to introduce the background about the concerned themes, namely 2D materials and ferroelectrics, and then presents the fundamental mechanisms, tuning strategies, as well as recent progress of the ferroelectric effect on the optical and electrical properties of 2D materials. Subsequently, the latest developments of 2D material-based electronic and optoelectronic devices integrated with ferroelectricity are summarized. Finally, the future outlook and challenges of this exciting field are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313099, China
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Silin Cui
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313099, China
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Renji Bian
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313099, China
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Er Pan
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313099, China
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Guiming Cao
- School of Information Science and Technology, Xi Chang University, 615013 Xi'an, China
| | - Wenwu Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fucai Liu
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313099, China
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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34
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Scheer MG, Lian B. Twistronics of Kekulé Graphene: Honeycomb and Kagome Flat Bands. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:266501. [PMID: 38215385 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.266501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Kekulé-O order in graphene, which has recently been realized experimentally, induces Dirac electron masses on the order of m∼100 meV. We show that twisted bilayer graphene in which one or both layers have Kekulé-O order exhibits nontrivial flat electronic bands on honeycomb and kagome lattices. When only one layer has Kekulé-O order, there is a parameter regime for which the lowest four bands at charge neutrality form an isolated two-orbital honeycomb lattice model with two flat bands. The bandwidths are minimal at a magic twist angle θ≈0.7° and Dirac mass m≈100 meV. When both layers have Kekulé-O order, there is a large parameter regime around θ≈1° and m≳100 meV in which the lowest three valence and conduction bands at charge neutrality each realize isolated kagome lattice models with one flat band, while the next three valence and conduction bands are flat bands on triangular lattices. These flat band systems may provide a new platform for strongly correlated phases of matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Scheer
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Biao Lian
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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35
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Liu YB, Zhou J, Wu C, Yang F. Charge-4e superconductivity and chiral metal in 45°-twisted bilayer cuprates and related bilayers. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7926. [PMID: 38040764 PMCID: PMC10692084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43782-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The material realization of charge-4e/6e superconductivity (SC) is a big challenge. Here, we propose to realize charge-4e SC in maximally-twisted homobilayers, such as 45∘-twisted bilayer cuprates and 30∘-twisted bilayer graphene, referred to as twist-bilayer quasicrystals (TB-QC). When each monolayer hosts a pairing state with the largest pairing angular momentum, previous studies have found that the second-order interlayer Josephson coupling would drive chiral topological SC (TSC) in the TB-QC. Here we propose that, above the Tc of the chiral TSC, either charge-4e SC or chiral metal can arise as vestigial phases, depending on the ordering of the total- and relative-pairing-phase fields of the two layers. Based on a thorough symmetry analysis to get the low-energy effective Hamiltonian, we conduct a combined renormalization-group and Monte-Carlo study and obtain the phase diagram, which includes the charge-4e SC and chiral metal phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Bo Liu
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, China
- Institute for Advanced Sciences, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, China
| | - Congjun Wu
- Institute for Theoretical Sciences, WestLake University, 310024, Hangzhou, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, 310024, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, P. R. China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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36
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Naumis GG, Herrera SA, Poudel SP, Nakamura H, Barraza-Lopez S. Mechanical, electronic, optical, piezoelectric and ferroic properties of strained graphene and other strained monolayers and multilayers: an update. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2023; 87:016502. [PMID: 37879327 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad06db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
This is an update of a previous review (Naumiset al2017Rep. Prog. Phys.80096501). Experimental and theoretical advances for straining graphene and other metallic, insulating, ferroelectric, ferroelastic, ferromagnetic and multiferroic 2D materials were considered. We surveyed (i) methods to induce valley and sublattice polarisation (P) in graphene, (ii) time-dependent strain and its impact on graphene's electronic properties, (iii) the role of local and global strain on superconductivity and other highly correlated and/or topological phases of graphene, (iv) inducing polarisationPon hexagonal boron nitride monolayers via strain, (v) modifying the optoelectronic properties of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers through strain, (vi) ferroic 2D materials with intrinsic elastic (σ), electric (P) and magnetic (M) polarisation under strain, as well as incipient 2D multiferroics and (vii) moiré bilayers exhibiting flat electronic bands and exotic quantum phase diagrams, and other bilayer or few-layer systems exhibiting ferroic orders tunable by rotations and shear strain. The update features the experimental realisations of a tunable two-dimensional Quantum Spin Hall effect in germanene, of elemental 2D ferroelectric bismuth, and 2D multiferroic NiI2. The document was structured for a discussion of effects taking place in monolayers first, followed by discussions concerning bilayers and few-layers, and it represents an up-to-date overview of exciting and newest developments on the fast-paced field of 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo G Naumis
- Departamento de Sistemas Complejos, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apdo. Postal 20-364, CDMX, 01000, Mexico
| | - Saúl A Herrera
- Departamento de Sistemas Complejos, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apdo. Postal 20-364, CDMX, 01000, Mexico
| | - Shiva P Poudel
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America
- MonArk NSF Quantum Foundry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America
| | - Hiro Nakamura
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America
- MonArk NSF Quantum Foundry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America
| | - Salvador Barraza-Lopez
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America
- MonArk NSF Quantum Foundry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America
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37
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Christos M, Sachdev S, Scheurer MS. Nodal band-off-diagonal superconductivity in twisted graphene superlattices. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7134. [PMID: 37932262 PMCID: PMC10628137 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The superconducting state and mechanism are among the least understood phenomena in twisted graphene systems. Recent tunneling experiments indicate a transition between nodal and gapped pairing with electron filling, which is not naturally understood within current theory. We demonstrate that the coexistence of superconductivity and flavor polarization leads to pairing channels that are guaranteed by symmetry to be entirely band-off-diagonal, with a variety of consequences: most notably, the pairing invariant under all symmetries can have Bogoliubov Fermi surfaces in the superconducting state with protected nodal lines, or may be fully gapped, depending on parameters, and the band-off-diagonal chiral p-wave state exhibits transitions between gapped and nodal regions upon varying the doping. We demonstrate that band-off-diagonal pairing can be the leading state when only phonons are considered, and is also uniquely favored by fluctuations of a time-reversal-symmetric intervalley coherent order motivated by recent experiments. Consequently, band-off-diagonal superconductivity allows for the reconciliation of several key experimental observations in graphene moiré systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maine Christos
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Subir Sachdev
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Mathias S Scheurer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, A-6020, Austria.
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III, University of Stuttgart, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany.
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38
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Weitzel A, Pfaffinger L, Maccari I, Kronfeldner K, Huber T, Fuchs L, Mallord J, Linzen S, Il'ichev E, Paradiso N, Strunk C. Sharpness of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless Transition in Disordered NbN Films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:186002. [PMID: 37977616 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.186002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive investigation of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in ultrathin strongly disordered NbN films. Measurements of resistance, current-voltage characteristics, and kinetic inductance on the very same device reveal a consistent picture of a sharp unbinding transition of vortex-antivortex pairs that fit standard renormalization group theory without extra assumptions in terms of inhomogeneity. Our experiments demonstrate that the previously observed broadening of the transition is not an intrinsic feature of strongly disordered superconductors and provide a clean starting point for the study of dynamical effects at the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Weitzel
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lea Pfaffinger
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ilaria Maccari
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klaus Kronfeldner
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Huber
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Fuchs
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - James Mallord
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sven Linzen
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Evgeni Il'ichev
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Nicola Paradiso
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Strunk
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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39
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Su R, Kuiri M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Folk J. Superconductivity in twisted double bilayer graphene stabilized by WSe 2. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:1332-1337. [PMID: 37640863 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the essential components of superconductivity in graphene-based systems remains a critical problem in two-dimensional materials research. This field is connected to the mysteries that underpin investigations of unconventional superconductivity in condensed-matter physics. Superconductivity has been observed in magic-angle twisted stacks of monolayer graphene but conspicuously not in twisted stacks of bilayer graphene, although both systems host topological flat bands and symmetry-broken states. Here we report the discovery of superconductivity in twisted double bilayer graphene (TDBG) in proximity to WSe2. Samples with twist angles 1.24° and 1.37° superconduct in small pockets of the gate-tuned phase diagram within the valence and conduction band, respectively. Superconductivity emerges from unpolarized phases near van Hove singularities and next to regions with broken isospin symmetry. Our results show the correlation between a high density of states and the emergence of superconductivity in TDBG while revealing a possible role for isospin fluctuations in the pairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiheng Su
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Manabendra Kuiri
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Joshua Folk
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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40
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Kim H, Choi Y, Lantagne-Hurtubise É, Lewandowski C, Thomson A, Kong L, Zhou H, Baum E, Zhang Y, Holleis L, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Young AF, Alicea J, Nadj-Perge S. Imaging inter-valley coherent order in magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene. Nature 2023; 623:942-948. [PMID: 37968401 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene (MATTG) exhibits a range of strongly correlated electronic phases that spontaneously break its underlying symmetries1,2. Here we investigate the correlated phases of MATTG using scanning tunnelling microscopy and identify marked signatures of interaction-driven spatial symmetry breaking. In low-strain samples, over a filling range of about two to three electrons or holes per moiré unit cell, we observe atomic-scale reconstruction of the graphene lattice that accompanies a correlated gap in the tunnelling spectrum. This short-scale restructuring appears as a Kekulé supercell-implying spontaneous inter-valley coherence between electrons-and persists in a wide range of magnetic fields and temperatures that coincide with the development of the gap. Large-scale maps covering several moiré unit cells further reveal a slow evolution of the Kekulé pattern, indicating that atomic-scale reconstruction coexists with translation symmetry breaking at a much longer moiré scale. We use auto-correlation and Fourier analyses to extract the intrinsic periodicity of these phases and find that they are consistent with the theoretically proposed incommensurate Kekulé spiral order3,4. Moreover, we find that the wavelength characterizing moiré-scale modulations monotonically decreases with hole doping away from half-filling of the bands and depends weakly on the magnetic field. Our results provide essential insights into the nature of the correlated phases of MATTG in the presence of strain and indicate that superconductivity can emerge from an inter-valley coherent parent state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Kim
- Thomas J. Watson, Sr, Laboratories of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Youngjoon Choi
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Étienne Lantagne-Hurtubise
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Cyprian Lewandowski
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Alex Thomson
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lingyuan Kong
- Thomas J. Watson, Sr, Laboratories of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Haoxin Zhou
- Thomas J. Watson, Sr, Laboratories of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Eli Baum
- Thomas J. Watson, Sr, Laboratories of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Yiran Zhang
- Thomas J. Watson, Sr, Laboratories of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ludwig Holleis
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrea F Young
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jason Alicea
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Stevan Nadj-Perge
- Thomas J. Watson, Sr, Laboratories of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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41
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Wen Y, Coupin MJ, Hou L, Warner JH. Moiré Superlattice Structure of Pleated Trilayer Graphene Imaged by 4D Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:19600-19612. [PMID: 37791789 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Moiré superlattices in graphene arise from rotational twists in stacked 2D layers, leading to specific band structures, charge density and interlayer electron and excitonic interactions. The periodicities in bilayer graphene moiré lattices are given by a simple moiré basis vector that describes periodic oscillations in atomic density. The addition of a third layer to form trilayer graphene generates a moiré lattice comprised of multiple harmonics that do not occur in bilayer systems, leading to nontrivial crystal symmetries. Here, we use atomic resolution 4D-scanning transmission electron microscopy to study atomic structure in bilayer and trilayer graphene moiré superlattices and use 4D-STEM to map the electric fields to show subtle variations in the long-range moiré patterns. We show that monolayer graphene folded into an S-bend graphene pleat produces trilayer moiré superlattices with both small (<2°) and larger twist angles (7-30°). Annular in-plane electric field concentrations are detected in high angle bilayers due to overlapping rotated graphene hexagons in each layer. The presence of a third low angle twisted layer in S-bend trilayer graphene, introduces a long-range modulation of the atomic structure so that no real space unit cell is detected. By directly imaging trilayer moiré harmonics that span from picoscale to nanoscale using 4D-STEM, we gain insights into the complex spatial distributions of atomic density and electric fields in trilayer twisted layered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Coupin
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Linlin Hou
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie H Warner
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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42
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Liu J, Yang X, Fang H, Yan W, Ouyang W, Liu Z. In Situ Twistronics: A New Platform Based on Superlubricity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2305072. [PMID: 37867201 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Twistronics, an emerging field focused on exploring the unique electrical properties induced by twist interface in graphene multilayers, has garnered significant attention in recent years. The general manipulation of twist angle depends on the assembly of van der Waals (vdW) layered materials, which has led to the discovery of unconventional superconductivity, ferroelectricity, and nonlinear optics, thereby expanding the realm of twistronics. Recently, in situ tuning of interlayer conductivity in vdW layered materials has been achieved based on scanning probe microscope. In this Perspective, the advancements in in situ twistronics are focused on by reviewing the state-of-the-art in situ manipulating technology, discussing the underlying mechanism based on the concept of structural superlubricity, and exploiting the real-time twistronic tests under scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is shown that the real-time manipulation under SEM allows for visualizing and monitoring the interface status during in situ twistronic testing. By harnessing the unique tribological properties of vdW layered materials, this novel platform not only enhances the fabrication of twistronic devices but also facilitates the fundamental understanding of interface phenomena in vdW layered materials. Moreover, this platform holds great promise for the application of twistronic-mechanical systems, providing avenues for the integration of twistronics into various mechanical frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Liu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Weidong Yan
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Wengen Ouyang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ze Liu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
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43
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Yu L, Pistunova K, Hu J, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Heinz TF. Observation of quadrupolar and dipolar excitons in a semiconductor heterotrilayer. NATURE MATERIALS 2023:10.1038/s41563-023-01678-y. [PMID: 37857888 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01678-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Van der Waals (vdW) materials have opened up many avenues for discovery through layer assembly, as epitomized by interlayer dipolar excitons that exhibit electrically tunable luminescence, lasing and exciton condensation. Extending interlayer excitons to more vdW layers, however, raises fundamental questions concerning coherence within excitons and coupling between moiré superlattices at multiple interfaces. Here, by assembling angle-aligned WSe2/WS2/WSe2 heterotrilayers, we demonstrate the emergence of quadrupolar excitons. We confirm the exciton's quadrupolar nature by the decrease in its energy of 12 meV from coherent hole tunnelling between the two outer layers, its tunable static dipole moment under an external electric field and the reduced exciton-exciton interactions. At high exciton density, we also see signatures of a phase of oppositely aligned dipolar excitons, consistent with a staggered dipolar phase predicted to be driven by attractive dipolar interactions. Our demonstration paves the way for discovering emergent exciton orderings for three vdW layers and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Yu
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
| | - Kateryna Pistunova
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Jenny Hu
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tony F Heinz
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
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44
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Zhang B, Zhang Z, Han H, Ling H, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang Q, Li H, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Song A. A Universal Approach to Determine the Atomic Layer Numbers in Two-Dimensional Materials Using Dark-Field Optical Contrast. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9170-9177. [PMID: 37493397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials possess unique properties primarily due to the quantum confinement effect, which highly depends on their thicknesses. Identifying the number of atomic layers in these materials is a crucial, yet challenging step. However, the commonly used optical reflection method offers only very low contrast. Here, we develop an approach that shows unprecedented sensitivity by analyzing the brightness of dark-field optical images. The brightness of the 2D material edges has a linear dependence on the number of atomic layers. The findings are modeled by Rayleigh scattering, and the results agree well with the experiments. The relative contrast of single-layer graphene can reach 70% under white-light incident conditions. Furthermore, different 2D materials were successfully tested. By adjusting the exposure conditions, we can identify the number of atomic layers ranging from 1 to over 100. Finally, this approach can be applied to various substrates, even transparent ones, making it highly versatile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqing Zhang
- Shandong Technology Center of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Shandong Technology Center of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hecheng Han
- Shandong Technology Center of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Haotian Ling
- Shandong Technology Center of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xijian Zhang
- Shandong Technology Center of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Shandong Technology Center of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Qingpu Wang
- Shandong Technology Center of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hu Li
- Shandong Technology Center of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Shandong Technology Center of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Shandong Technology Center of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
- Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Aimin Song
- Shandong Technology Center of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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45
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Xie YM, Lantagne-Hurtubise É, Young AF, Nadj-Perge S, Alicea J. Gate-Defined Topological Josephson Junctions in Bernal Bilayer Graphene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:146601. [PMID: 37862641 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.146601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments on Bernal bilayer graphene (BLG) deposited on monolayer WSe_{2} revealed robust, ultraclean superconductivity coexisting with sizable induced spin-orbit coupling. Here, we propose BLG/WSe_{2} as a platform to engineer gate-defined planar topological Josephson junctions, where the normal and superconducting regions descend from a common material. More precisely, we show that if superconductivity in BLG/WSe_{2} is gapped and emerges from a parent state with intervalley coherence, then Majorana zero-energy modes can form in the barrier region upon applying weak in-plane magnetic fields. Our results spotlight a potential pathway for "internally engineered" topological superconductivity that minimizes detrimental disorder and orbital-magnetic-field effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ming Xie
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Étienne Lantagne-Hurtubise
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Andrea F Young
- Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Stevan Nadj-Perge
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Jason Alicea
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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46
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Slot MR, Maximenko Y, Haney PM, Kim S, Walkup DT, Strelcov E, Le ST, Shih EM, Yildiz D, Blankenship SR, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Barlas Y, Zhitenev NB, Ghahari F, Stroscio JA. A quantum ruler for orbital magnetism in moiré quantum matter. Science 2023; 382:81-87. [PMID: 37797004 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
For almost a century, magnetic oscillations have been a powerful "quantum ruler" for measuring Fermi surface topology. In this study, we used Landau-level spectroscopy to unravel the energy-resolved valley-contrasting orbital magnetism and large orbital magnetic susceptibility that contribute to the energies of Landau levels of twisted double-bilayer graphene. These orbital magnetism effects led to substantial deviations from the standard Onsager relation, which manifested as a breakdown in scaling of Landau-level orbits. These substantial magnetic responses emerged from the nontrivial quantum geometry of the electronic structure and the large length scale of the moiré lattice potential. Going beyond traditional measurements, Landau-level spectroscopy performed with a scanning tunneling microscope offers a complete quantum ruler that resolves the full energy dependence of orbital magnetic properties in moiré quantum matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Slot
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Y Maximenko
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - P M Haney
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - S Kim
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - D T Walkup
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - E Strelcov
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Son T Le
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - E M Shih
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - D Yildiz
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - S R Blankenship
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - K Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Y Barlas
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - N B Zhitenev
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - F Ghahari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - J A Stroscio
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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47
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Xie Y, Feng S, Deng L, Cai A, Gan L, Jiang Z, Yang P, Ye G, Liu Z, Wen L, Zhu Q, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Li J, Feng Z, Zhang C, Du W, Xu L, Jiang J, Chen X, Zou G. Inverse design of chiral functional films by a robotic AI-guided system. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6177. [PMID: 37794036 PMCID: PMC10551020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial chiral materials and nanostructures with strong and tuneable chiroptical activities, including sign, magnitude, and wavelength distribution, are useful owing to their potential applications in chiral sensing, enantioselective catalysis, and chiroptical devices. Thus, the inverse design and customized manufacturing of these materials is highly desirable. Here, we use an artificial intelligence (AI) guided robotic chemist to accurately predict chiroptical activities from the experimental absorption spectra and structure/process parameters, and generate chiral films with targeted chiroptical activities across the full visible spectrum. The robotic AI-chemist carries out the entire process, including chiral film construction, characterization, and testing. A machine learned reverse design model using spectrum embedded descriptors is developed to predict optimal structure/process parameters for any targeted chiroptical property. A series of chiral films with a dissymmetry factor as high as 1.9 (gabs ~ 1.9) are identified out of more than 100 million possible structures, and their feasible application in circular polarization-selective color filters for multiplex laser display and switchable circularly polarized (CP) luminescence is demonstrated. Our findings not only provide chiral films with the highest reported chiroptical activity, but also have great fundamental value for the inverse design of chiroptical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuo Feng
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Linxiao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Aoran Cai
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liyu Gan
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zifan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guilin Ye
- Hefei JiShu Quantum Technology Co. Ltd., Hefei, China
| | - Zaiqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Wen
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- Hefei JiShu Quantum Technology Co. Ltd., Hefei, China
| | - Zhanpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiahe Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zeyu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chutian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenjie Du
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Suzhou Laboratory, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Gang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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48
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Yuan Y, Liu P, Wu H, Chen H, Zheng W, Peng G, Zhu Z, Zhu M, Dai J, Qin S, Novoselov KS. Probing the Twist-Controlled Interlayer Coupling in Artificially Stacked Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Bilayers by Second-Harmonic Generation. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17897-17907. [PMID: 37698446 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Interlayer coupling plays a critical role in the electronic band structures and optoelectronic properties of van der Waals (vdW) materials and heterostructures. Here, we utilize optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) measurements to probe the twist-controlled interlayer coupling in artificially stacked WSe2/WSe2 homobilayers and WSe2/WS2 and WSe2/MoS2 heterobilayers with a postannealing procedure. In the large angle twisted WSe2/WSe2 and WSe2/WS2, the angular dependence of the SHG intensity follows the interference relations up to angles above 10°. For lower angles, the SHG is significantly suppressed. Furthermore, for the twisted WSe2/MoS2 the SHG intensity largely deviates from the coherent superposition model and shows consistent quenching for all the stacking angles. The suppressed SHG in twisted transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) bilayers is predominantly attributed to the interlayer coupling between the two adjacent monolayers. The evolution of the interlayer Raman mode in WSe2 demonstrates that the interlayer coupling in the twisted WSe2/WSe2 and WSe2/WS2 is highly angle-dependent. Alternatively, the interlayer coupling generally exists in the twisted WSe2/MoS2, regardless of the different angles. The interlayer coupling is further confirmed by the quenching and red-shift of the photoluminescence of WSe2 in the twisted TMDC bilayers. Combined with density functional theory calculations, we reveal that the stacking-angle-modulated interlayer coupling originates from the variation of the interlayer spacing and the binding energy in the twisted TMDC bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjian Yuan
- College of Science & Hunan Key Laboratory of Extreme Matter and Applications, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Science & Hunan Key Laboratory of Extreme Matter and Applications, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Hongjian Wu
- College of Science & Hunan Key Laboratory of Extreme Matter and Applications, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
- Nanhu Laser Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Weihao Zheng
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
- Nanhu Laser Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Gang Peng
- College of Science & Hunan Key Laboratory of Extreme Matter and Applications, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
- Nanhu Laser Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Mengjian Zhu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
- Nanhu Laser Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Jiayu Dai
- College of Science & Hunan Key Laboratory of Extreme Matter and Applications, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Shiqiao Qin
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
- Nanhu Laser Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Kostya S Novoselov
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575
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49
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Li Y, Wan Q, Xu N. Recent Advances in Moiré Superlattice Systems by Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2305175. [PMID: 37689836 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed a flourish in 2D materials including graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) as atomic-scale Legos. Artificial moiré superlattices via stacking 2D materials with a twist angle and/or a lattice mismatch have recently become a fertile playground exhibiting a plethora of emergent properties beyond their building blocks. These rich quantum phenomena stem from their nontrivial electronic structures that are effectively tuned by the moiré periodicity. Modern angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) can directly visualize electronic structures with decent momentum, energy, and spatial resolution, thus can provide enlightening insights into fundamental physics in moiré superlattice systems and guides for designing novel devices. In this review, first, a brief introduction is given on advanced ARPES techniques and basic ideas of band structures in a moiré superlattice system. Then ARPES research results of various moiré superlattice systems are highlighted, including graphene on substrates with small lattice mismatches, twisted graphene/TMD moiré systems, and high-order moiré superlattice systems. Finally, it discusses important questions that remain open, challenges in current experimental investigations, and presents an outlook on this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Li
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qiang Wan
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
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50
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Devakul T, Ledwith PJ, Xia LQ, Uri A, de la Barrera SC, Jarillo-Herrero P, Fu L. Magic-angle helical trilayer graphene. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi6063. [PMID: 37672575 PMCID: PMC10482339 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi6063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose magic-angle helical trilayer graphene (HTG), a helical structure featuring identical rotation angles between three consecutive layers of graphene, as a unique and experimentally accessible platform for realizing exotic correlated topological states of matter. While nominally forming a supermoiré (or moiré-of-moiré) structure, we show that HTG locally relaxes into large regions of a periodic single-moiré structure realizing flat topological bands carrying nontrivial valley Chern number. These bands feature near-ideal quantum geometry and are isolated from remote bands by a very large energy gap, making HTG a promising platform for experimental realization of correlated topological states such as integer and fractional quantum anomalous Hall states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trithep Devakul
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Li-Qiao Xia
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aviram Uri
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sergio C. de la Barrera
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Pablo Jarillo-Herrero
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Liang Fu
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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