1
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Zhang Q, Shao X, Li W, Mi W, Pavanello M, Akimov AV. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics with subsystem density functional theory: application to crystalline pentacene. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:385901. [PMID: 38866023 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad577d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we report the development and assessment of the nonadiabatic molecular dynamics approach with the electronic structure calculations based on the linearly scaling subsystem density functional method. The approach is implemented in an open-source embedded Quantum Espresso/Libra software specially designed for nonadiabatic dynamics simulations in extended systems. As proof of the applicability of this method to large condensed-matter systems, we examine the dynamics of nonradiative relaxation of excess excitation energy in pentacene crystals with the simulation supercells containing more than 600 atoms. We find that increased structural disorder observed in larger supercell models induces larger nonadiabatic couplings of electronic states and accelerates the relaxation dynamics of excited states. We conduct a comparative analysis of several quantum-classical trajectory surface hopping schemes, including two new methods proposed in this work (revised decoherence-induced surface hopping and instantaneous decoherence at frustrated hops). Most of the tested schemes suggest fast energy relaxation occurring with the timescales in the 0.7-2.0 ps range, but they significantly overestimate the ground state recovery rates. Only the modified simplified decay of mixing approach yields a notably slower relaxation timescales of 8-14 ps, with a significantly inhibited ground state recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States of America
| | - Xuecheng Shao
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, United States of America
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Mi
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods & Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Michele Pavanello
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, United States of America
| | - Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States of America
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2
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Ma L, Luo K, Liu Z, Ji M. Stain-Free Histopathology with Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7907-7925. [PMID: 38713830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Minbiao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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3
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Schlawin F. Two-photon absorption cross sections of pulsed entangled beams. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:144117. [PMID: 38619059 DOI: 10.1063/5.0196817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Entangled two-photon absorption (ETPA) could form the basis of nonlinear quantum spectroscopy at very low photon fluxes, since, at sufficiently low photon fluxes, ETPA scales linearly with the photon flux. When different pairs start to overlap temporally, accidental coincidences are thought to give rise to a "classical" quadratic scaling that dominates the signal at large photon fluxes and, thus, recovers a supposedly classical regime, where any quantum advantage is thought to be lost. Here, we scrutinize this assumption and demonstrate that quantum-enhanced absorption cross sections can persist even for very large photon numbers. To this end, we use a minimal model for quantum light, which can interpolate continuously between the entangled pair and a high-photon-flux limit, to analytically derive ETPA cross sections and the intensity crossover regime. We investigate the interplay between spectral and spatial degrees of freedom and how linewidth broadening of the sample impacts the experimentally achievable enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Schlawin
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany; University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg, Germany; and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Zhou Q, Liu Q, Wang Y, Chen J, Schmid O, Rehberg M, Yang L. Bridging Smart Nanosystems with Clinically Relevant Models and Advanced Imaging for Precision Drug Delivery. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308659. [PMID: 38282076 PMCID: PMC11005737 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of nano-drug-carriers (NDC) to specific cells, diseased regions, or solid tumors has entered the era of precision medicine that requires systematic knowledge of nano-biological interactions from multidisciplinary perspectives. To this end, this review first provides an overview of membrane-disruption methods such as electroporation, sonoporation, photoporation, microfluidic delivery, and microinjection with the merits of high-throughput and enhanced efficiency for in vitro NDC delivery. The impact of NDC characteristics including particle size, shape, charge, hydrophobicity, and elasticity on cellular uptake are elaborated and several types of NDC systems aiming for hierarchical targeting and delivery in vivo are reviewed. Emerging in vitro or ex vivo human/animal-derived pathophysiological models are further explored and highly recommended for use in NDC studies since they might mimic in vivo delivery features and fill the translational gaps from animals to humans. The exploration of modern microscopy techniques for precise nanoparticle (NP) tracking at the cellular, organ, and organismal levels informs the tailored development of NDCs for in vivo application and clinical translation. Overall, the review integrates the latest insights into smart nanosystem engineering, physiological models, imaging-based validation tools, all directed towards enhancing the precise and efficient intracellular delivery of NDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxia Zhou
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
- Department of Forensic PathologyWest China School of Preclinical and Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityNo. 17 Third Renmin Road NorthChengdu610041China
- Burning Rock BiotechBuilding 6, Phase 2, Standard Industrial Unit, No. 7 LuoXuan 4th Road, International Biotech IslandGuangzhou510300China
| | - Qiongliang Liu
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080China
| | - Yan Wang
- Qingdao Central HospitalUniversity of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group)Qingdao266042China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Key Clinical SpecialtyBranch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- Center of Respiratory MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan ProvinceChangshaHunan410008China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory DiseaseChangshaHunan410008China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
| | - Markus Rehberg
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
| | - Lin Yang
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
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5
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Stilgoe A, Favre-Bulle IA, Watson ML, Gomez-Godinez V, Berns MW, Preece D, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H. Shining Light in Mechanobiology: Optical Tweezers, Scissors, and Beyond. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:917-940. [PMID: 38523746 PMCID: PMC10958612 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Mechanobiology helps us to decipher cell and tissue functions by looking at changes in their mechanical properties that contribute to development, cell differentiation, physiology, and disease. Mechanobiology sits at the interface of biology, physics and engineering. One of the key technologies that enables characterization of properties of cells and tissue is microscopy. Combining microscopy with other quantitative measurement techniques such as optical tweezers and scissors, gives a very powerful tool for unraveling the intricacies of mechanobiology enabling measurement of forces, torques and displacements at play. We review the field of some light based studies of mechanobiology and optical detection of signal transduction ranging from optical micromanipulation-optical tweezers and scissors, advanced fluorescence techniques and optogenentics. In the current perspective paper, we concentrate our efforts on elucidating interesting measurements of forces, torques, positions, viscoelastic properties, and optogenetics inside and outside a cell attained when using structured light in combination with optical tweezers and scissors. We give perspective on the field concentrating on the use of structured light in imaging in combination with tweezers and scissors pointing out how novel developments in quantum imaging in combination with tweezers and scissors can bring to this fast growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
B. Stilgoe
- School of
Mathematics and Physics, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
- ARC
CoE for Engineered Quantum Systems, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
- ARC
CoE in Quantum Biotechnology, The University
of Queensland, 4074, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Itia A. Favre-Bulle
- School of
Mathematics and Physics, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
- Queensland
Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
| | - Mark L. Watson
- School of
Mathematics and Physics, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
- ARC
CoE for Engineered Quantum Systems, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
| | - Veronica Gomez-Godinez
- Institute
of Engineering and Medicine, University
of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Michael W. Berns
- Institute
of Engineering and Medicine, University
of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Beckman
Laser Institute, University of California
Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Daryl Preece
- Beckman
Laser Institute, University of California
Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop
- School of
Mathematics and Physics, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
- ARC
CoE for Engineered Quantum Systems, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
- ARC
CoE in Quantum Biotechnology, The University
of Queensland, 4074, Brisbane, Australia
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6
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Edelmann M, Pergament M, Hua Y, Sedigheh MM, Kärtner FX. Fiber-interferometric second harmonic generator with dual-color standard quantum-limited noise performance. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:10362-10372. [PMID: 38571250 DOI: 10.1364/oe.513640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
We present a novel fiber-interferometric device that achieves dual functionality: simultaneous amplification of the pulsed input signal and generation of its second harmonic while effectively suppressing the intensity noise in both modes, reaching the standard quantum-limit. The underlaying mechanism is based on phase-biased nonlinear polarization rotation coupled with type-I phase-matched second harmonic generation, a concept that is both theoretically investigated and experimentally verified. In the experiment, a fiber-optic system is constructed capable of generating 42 MHz ultra-low noise sub-150 fs output pulse trains simultaneously at 1030 nm and 515 nm, with average powers of 165 mW and 50 mW, respectively. Systematic frequency-resolved intensity noise measurements confirm dual wavelength, quantum-limited noise suppression beyond 100 kHz offset-frequency, with suppression levels up to 14 dB, showing correlation with local maxima in average power in both fundamental and second harmonic mode.
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7
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Zhang Y, He Z, Tong X, Garrett DC, Cao R, Wang LV. Quantum imaging of biological organisms through spatial and polarization entanglement. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk1495. [PMID: 38457506 PMCID: PMC10923495 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Quantum imaging holds potential benefits over classical imaging but has faced challenges such as poor signal-to-noise ratios, low resolvable pixel counts, difficulty in imaging biological organisms, and inability to quantify full birefringence properties. Here, we introduce quantum imaging by coincidence from entanglement (ICE), using spatially and polarization-entangled photon pairs to overcome these challenges. With spatial entanglement, ICE offers higher signal-to-noise ratios, greater resolvable pixel counts, and the ability to image biological organisms. With polarization entanglement, ICE provides quantitative quantum birefringence imaging capability, where both the phase retardation and the principal refractive index axis angle of an object can be remotely and instantly quantified without changing the polarization states of the photons incident on the object. Furthermore, ICE enables 25 times greater suppression of stray light than classical imaging. ICE has the potential to pave the way for quantum imaging in diverse fields, such as life sciences and remote sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David C. Garrett
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Rui Cao
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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8
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Liu J, Yang Q, Shou Y, Chen S, Shu W, Chen G, Wen S, Luo H. Metasurface-Assisted Quantum Nonlocal Weak-Measurement Microscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:043601. [PMID: 38335360 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.043601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
In standard quantum weak measurements, preselection and postselection of quantum states are implemented in the same photon. Here we go beyond this restrictive setting and demonstrate that the preselection and postselection can be performed in two different photons, if the two photons are polarization entangled. The Pancharatnam-Berry phase metasurface is incorporated in the weak measurement system to perform weak coupling between probe wave function and spin observable. By introducing nonlocal weak measurement into the microscopy imaging system, it allows us to remotely switch different microscopy imaging modes of pure-phase objects, including bright-field, differential, and phase reconstruction. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the nonlocal weak-measurement scheme can prevent almost all environmental noise photons from detection and thus achieves a higher image contrast than the standard scheme at a low photon level. Our results provide the possibility to develop a quantum nonlocal weak-measurement microscope for label-free imaging of transparent biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liu
- Laboratory for Spin Photonics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Laboratory for Spin Photonics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yichang Shou
- Laboratory for Spin Photonics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Shizhen Chen
- Laboratory for Spin Photonics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Weixing Shu
- Laboratory for Spin Photonics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Geng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shuangchun Wen
- Laboratory for Spin Photonics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hailu Luo
- Laboratory for Spin Photonics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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9
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Yang F, Bevilacqua C, Hambura S, Neves A, Gopalan A, Watanabe K, Govendir M, Bernabeu M, Ellenberg J, Diz-Muñoz A, Köhler S, Rapti G, Jechlinger M, Prevedel R. Pulsed stimulated Brillouin microscopy enables high-sensitivity mechanical imaging of live and fragile biological specimens. Nat Methods 2023; 20:1971-1979. [PMID: 37884795 PMCID: PMC10703689 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-02054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Brillouin microscopy is an emerging optical elastography technique capable of assessing mechanical properties of biological samples in a three-dimensional, all-optical and noncontact fashion. The typically weak Brillouin scattering signal can be substantially enhanced via a stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) process; however, current implementations require high pump powers, which prohibit applications to photosensitive or live imaging of biological samples. Here we present a pulsed SBS scheme that takes advantage of the nonlinearity of the pump-probe interaction. In particular, we show that the required pump laser power can be decreased ~20-fold without affecting the signal levels or spectral precision. We demonstrate the low phototoxicity and high specificity of our pulsed SBS approach by imaging, with subcellular detail, sensitive single cells, zebrafish larvae, mouse embryos and adult Caenorhabditis elegans. Furthermore, our method permits observing the mechanics of organoids and C. elegans embryos over time, opening up further possibilities for the field of mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Carlo Bevilacqua
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hambura
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Neves
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anusha Gopalan
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Koki Watanabe
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matt Govendir
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Bernabeu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan Ellenberg
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Köhler
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georgia Rapti
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rome, Italy
| | - Martin Jechlinger
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- MOLIT Institute for Personalized Medicine gGmbH, Heilbronn, Germany
| | - Robert Prevedel
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rome, Italy.
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Matarèse BFE, Rusin A, Seymour C, Mothersill C. Quantum Biology and the Potential Role of Entanglement and Tunneling in Non-Targeted Effects of Ionizing Radiation: A Review and Proposed Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16464. [PMID: 38003655 PMCID: PMC10671017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that cells, tissues, and organisms exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation can induce effects in non-irradiated neighbors (non-targeted effects or NTE), but the mechanisms remain unclear. This is especially true of the initial steps leading to the release of signaling molecules contained in exosomes. Voltage-gated ion channels, photon emissions, and calcium fluxes are all involved but the precise sequence of events is not yet known. We identified what may be a quantum entanglement type of effect and this prompted us to consider whether aspects of quantum biology such as tunneling and entanglement may underlie the initial events leading to NTE. We review the field where it may be relevant to ionizing radiation processes. These include NTE, low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity, hormesis, and the adaptive response. Finally, we present a possible quantum biological-based model for NTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno F. E. Matarèse
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK;
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Andrej Rusin
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (A.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Colin Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (A.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Carmel Mothersill
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (A.R.); (C.S.)
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11
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Cuevas Á, Tiemann D, Camphausen R, Cusini I, Panzani A, Mukherjee R, Villa F, Pruneri V. Multipass wide-field phase imager. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:37262-37274. [PMID: 38017859 DOI: 10.1364/oe.499156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Advances in optical imaging always look for an increase in sensitivity and resolution among other practicability aspects. Within the same scope, in this work we report a versatile interference contrast imaging technique, with high phase sensitivity and a large field-of-view of several mm2. Sensitivity is increased through the use of a self-imaging non-resonant cavity, which causes photons to probe the sample in multiple rounds before being detected, where the configuration can be transmissive or reflective. Phase profiles can be resolved individually for each round thanks to a specially designed single-photon camera with time-of-flight capabilities and true pixels-off gating. Measurement noise is reduced by novel data processing combining the retrieved sample profiles from multiple rounds. Our protocol is especially useful under extremely low light conditions as required by biological or photo-sensitive samples. Results demonstrate more than a four-fold reduction in phase measurement noise, compared to single round imaging, and values close to the predicted sensitivity in case of the best possible cavity configuration, where all photons are maintained until n rounds. We also find good agreement with the theoretical predictions for low number of rounds, where experimental imperfections would play a minor role. The absence of a laser or cavity lock-in mechanism makes the technique an easy to use inspection tool.
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12
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Mao W, Li Y, Jiang X, Liu Z, Yang L. A whispering-gallery scanning microprobe for Raman spectroscopy and imaging. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:247. [PMID: 37798286 PMCID: PMC10556008 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Optical whispering-gallery-mode microsensors are a promising platform for many applications, such as biomedical monitoring, magnetic sensing, and vibration detection. However, like many other micro/nanosensors, they cannot simultaneously have two critical properties - ultrahigh sensitivity and large detection area, which are desired for most sensing applications. Here, we report a novel scanning whispering-gallery-mode microprobe optimized for both features and demonstrate enhanced Raman spectroscopy, providing high-specificity information on molecular fingerprints that are important for numerous sensing applications. Combining the superiorities of whispering-gallery modes and nanoplasmonics, the microprobe exhibits a two-orders-of-magnitude sensitivity improvement over traditional plasmonics-only enhancement; this leads to molecular detection demonstrated with stronger target signals but less optical power required than surface-enhanced-Raman-spectroscopy substrates. Furthermore, the scanning microprobe greatly expands the effective detection area and realizes two-dimensional micron-resolution Raman imaging of molecular distribution. The versatile and ultrasensitive scanning microprobe configuration will thus benefit material characterization, chemical imaging, and quantum-enhanced sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Mao
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Yihang Li
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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13
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Huang ZJ, Patel B, Lu WH, Yang TY, Tung WC, Bučinskas V, Greitans M, Wu YW, Lin PT. Yeast cell detection using fuzzy automatic contrast enhancement (FACE) and you only look once (YOLO). Sci Rep 2023; 13:16222. [PMID: 37758830 PMCID: PMC10533879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In contemporary biomedical research, the accurate automatic detection of cells within intricate microscopic imagery stands as a cornerstone for scientific advancement. Leveraging state-of-the-art deep learning techniques, this study introduces a novel amalgamation of Fuzzy Automatic Contrast Enhancement (FACE) and the You Only Look Once (YOLO) framework to address this critical challenge of automatic cell detection. Yeast cells, representing a vital component of the fungi family, hold profound significance in elucidating the intricacies of eukaryotic cells and human biology. The proposed methodology introduces a paradigm shift in cell detection by optimizing image contrast through optimal fuzzy clustering within the FACE approach. This advancement mitigates the shortcomings of conventional contrast enhancement techniques, minimizing artifacts and suboptimal outcomes. Further enhancing contrast, a universal contrast enhancement variable is ingeniously introduced, enriching image clarity with automatic precision. Experimental validation encompasses a diverse range of yeast cell images subjected to rigorous quantitative assessment via Root-Mean-Square Contrast and Root-Mean-Square Deviation (RMSD). Comparative analyses against conventional enhancement methods showcase the superior performance of the FACE-enhanced images. Notably, the integration of the innovative You Only Look Once (YOLOv5) facilitates automatic cell detection within a finely partitioned grid system. This leads to the development of two models-one operating on pristine raw images, the other harnessing the enriched landscape of FACE-enhanced imagery. Strikingly, the FACE enhancement achieves exceptional accuracy in automatic yeast cell detection by YOLOv5 across both raw and enhanced images. Comprehensive performance evaluations encompassing tenfold accuracy assessments and confidence scoring substantiate the robustness of the FACE-YOLO model. Notably, the integration of FACE-enhanced images serves as a catalyst, significantly elevating the performance of YOLOv5 detection. Complementing these efforts, OpenCV lends computational acumen to delineate precise yeast cell contours and coordinates, augmenting the precision of cell detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Jie Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Brijesh Patel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hao Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Tz-Yu Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Tung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | | | - Modris Greitans
- Institute of Electronics and Computer Science, Riga, 1006, Latvia
| | - Yu-Wei Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- Clinical Big Data Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Po Ting Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan.
- Intelligent Manufacturing Innovation Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan.
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14
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Fujihashi Y, Miwa K, Higashi M, Ishizaki A. Probing exciton dynamics with spectral selectivity through the use of quantum entangled photons. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:114201. [PMID: 37712788 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum light is increasingly recognized as a promising resource for developing optical measurement techniques. Particular attention has been paid to enhancing the precision of the measurements beyond classical techniques by using nonclassical correlations between quantum entangled photons. Recent advances in the quantum optics technology have made it possible to manipulate spectral and temporal properties of entangled photons, and photon correlations can facilitate the extraction of matter information with relatively simple optical systems compared to conventional schemes. In these respects, the applications of entangled photons to time-resolved spectroscopy can open new avenues for unambiguously extracting information on dynamical processes in complex molecular and materials systems. Here, we propose time-resolved spectroscopy in which specific signal contributions are selectively enhanced by harnessing nonclassical correlations of entangled photons. The entanglement time characterizes the mutual delay between an entangled twin and determines the spectral distribution of photon correlations. The entanglement time plays a dual role as the knob for controlling the accessible time region of dynamical processes and the degrees of spectral selectivity. In this sense, the role of the entanglement time is substantially equivalent to the temporal width of the classical laser pulse. The results demonstrate that the application of quantum entangled photons to time-resolved spectroscopy leads to monitoring dynamical processes in complex molecular and materials systems by selectively extracting desired signal contributions from congested spectra. We anticipate that more elaborately engineered photon states would broaden the availability of quantum light spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Fujihashi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Miwa
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Higashi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishizaki
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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15
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Zheng S, Huang X, Chen J, Lyu Z, Zheng J, Huang J, Gao H, Liu S, Sun L. UR-Net: An Integrated ResUNet and Attention Based Image Enhancement and Classification Network for Stain-Free White Blood Cells. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7605. [PMID: 37688058 PMCID: PMC10490639 DOI: 10.3390/s23177605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The differential count of white blood cells (WBCs) can effectively provide disease information for patients. Existing stained microscopic WBC classification usually requires complex sample-preparation steps, and is easily affected by external conditions such as illumination. In contrast, the inconspicuous nuclei of stain-free WBCs also bring great challenges to WBC classification. As such, image enhancement, as one of the preprocessing methods of image classification, is essential in improving the image qualities of stain-free WBCs. However, traditional or existing convolutional neural network (CNN)-based image enhancement techniques are typically designed as standalone modules aimed at improving the perceptual quality of humans, without considering their impact on advanced computer vision tasks of classification. Therefore, this work proposes a novel model, UR-Net, which consists of an image enhancement network framed by ResUNet with an attention mechanism and a ResNet classification network. The enhancement model is integrated into the classification model for joint training to improve the classification performance for stain-free WBCs. The experimental results demonstrate that compared to the models without image enhancement and previous enhancement and classification models, our proposed model achieved a best classification performance of 83.34% on our stain-free WBC dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikai Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (J.Z.); (J.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Xiwei Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (J.Z.); (J.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Jin Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (J.Z.); (J.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Zefei Lyu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (J.Z.); (J.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Jingwen Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (J.Z.); (J.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Jiye Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (J.Z.); (J.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Haijun Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (J.Z.); (J.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Shan Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China;
| | - Lingling Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (J.Z.); (J.H.); (L.S.)
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16
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Fuenzalida J, Gilaberte Basset M, Töpfer S, Torres JP, Gräfe M. Experimental quantum imaging distillation with undetected light. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg9573. [PMID: 37647398 PMCID: PMC10468131 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg9573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Imaging based on the induced coherence effect makes use of photon pairs to obtain information of an object without detecting the light that probes it. While one photon illuminates the object, only its partner is detected, so no measurement of coincidence events is needed. The sought-after object's information is revealed, observing a certain interference pattern on the detected photon. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that this imaging technique can be made resilient to noise. We introduce an imaging distillation approach based on the interferometric modulation of the signal of interest. We show that our scheme can generate a high-quality image of an object even against noise levels up to 250 times the actual signal of interest. We also include a detailed theoretical explanation of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Fuenzalida
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstraße 7, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marta Gilaberte Basset
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Abbe Center of Photonics, Albert-Einstein-Str. 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Töpfer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstraße 7, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Juan P. Torres
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Markus Gräfe
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstraße 7, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Abbe Center of Photonics, Albert-Einstein-Str. 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
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17
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Conlon LO, Lam PK, Assad SM. Multiparameter Estimation with Two-Qubit Probes in Noisy Channels. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:1122. [PMID: 37628152 PMCID: PMC10453296 DOI: 10.3390/e25081122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
This work compares the performance of single- and two-qubit probes for estimating several phase rotations simultaneously under the action of different noisy channels. We compute the quantum limits for this simultaneous estimation using collective and individual measurements by evaluating the Holevo and Nagaoka-Hayashi Cramér-Rao bounds, respectively. Several quantum noise channels are considered, namely the decohering channel, the amplitude damping channel, and the phase damping channel. For each channel, we find the optimal single- and two-qubit probes. Where possible we demonstrate an explicit measurement strategy that saturates the appropriate bound and we investigate how closely the Holevo bound can be approached through collective measurements on multiple copies of the same probe. We find that under the action of the considered channels, two-qubit probes show enhanced parameter estimation capabilities over single-qubit probes for almost all non-identity channels, i.e., the achievable precision with a single-qubit probe degrades faster with increasing exposure to the noisy environment than that of the two-qubit probe. However, in sufficiently noisy channels, we show that it is possible for single-qubit probes to outperform maximally entangled two-qubit probes. This work shows that, in order to reach the ultimate precision limits allowed by quantum mechanics, entanglement is required in both the state preparation and state measurement stages. It is hoped the tutorial-esque nature of this paper will make it easily accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorcán O. Conlon
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ping Koy Lam
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Syed M. Assad
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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18
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Ishigane G, Toda K, Tamamitsu M, Shimada H, Badarla VR, Ideguchi T. Label-free mid-infrared photothermal live-cell imaging beyond video rate. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:174. [PMID: 37463888 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01214-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Advancement in mid-infrared (MIR) technology has led to promising biomedical applications of MIR spectroscopy, such as liquid biopsy or breath diagnosis. On the contrary, MIR microscopy has been rarely used for live biological samples in an aqueous environment due to the lack of spatial resolution and the large water absorption background. Recently, mid-infrared photothermal (MIP) imaging has proven to be applicable to 2D and 3D single-cell imaging with high spatial resolution inherited from visible light. However, the maximum measurement rate has been limited to several frames s-1, limiting its range of use. Here, we develop a significantly improved wide-field MIP quantitative phase microscope with two orders-of-magnitude higher signal-to-noise ratio than previous MIP imaging techniques and demonstrate live-cell imaging beyond video rate. We first derive optimal system design by numerically simulating thermal conduction following the photothermal effect. Then, we develop the designed system with a homemade nanosecond MIR optical parametric oscillator and a high full-well-capacity image sensor. Our high-speed and high-spatial-resolution MIR microscope has great potential to become a new tool for life science, in particular for live-cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Ishigane
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Toda
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Photon Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miu Tamamitsu
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Photon Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Institute for Photon Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takuro Ideguchi
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Institute for Photon Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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19
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Salzenstein P, Wu TY. Uncertainty Estimation for the Brillouin Frequency Shift Measurement Using a Scanning Tandem Fabry-Pérot Interferometer. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1429. [PMID: 37512740 PMCID: PMC10386179 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The expanded uncertainty of the measured Brillouin scattering shift frequencies is essential in assessing the measurements of parameters of various materials. We describe the general operation principles of a Brillouin light scattering (BLS) spectrometer with a high-power laser and a scanning tandem Fabry-Pérot interferometer (TFPI) for material characterization. Various uncertainty components have been analyzed for the BLS spectrometer following the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM). The expanded relative uncertainty in the measured Brillouin frequency shift of 15.70 GHz for polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was estimated to be 0.26%. The calculated Brillouin frequency shift (based on material properties of PMMA) was determined to be 15.44 GHz with expanded relative uncertainty of 2.13%. It was shown that the measured and calculated Brillouin frequency shifts for PMMA agree within their expanded uncertainties. The TFPI-based BLS spectrometer can be used to measure the longitudinal modulus of materials with an expanded uncertainty of 1.9%, which is smaller than that of the ultrasonic velocity-based method (estimated to be 2.9%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Salzenstein
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Franche-Comté Electronique Mécanique Thermique Optique Sciences et Technologies (FEMTO-ST) Institute, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Thomas Y Wu
- National Metrology Centre (NMC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8 CleanTech Loop, #01-20, Singapore 637145, Singapore
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20
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Ortolano G, Paniate A, Boucher P, Napoli C, Soman S, Pereira SF, Ruo-Berchera I, Genovese M. Quantum enhanced non-interferometric quantitative phase imaging. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:171. [PMID: 37433764 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Quantum entanglement and squeezing have significantly improved phase estimation and imaging in interferometric settings beyond the classical limits. However, for a wide class of non-interferometric phase imaging/retrieval methods vastly used in the classical domain, e.g., ptychography and diffractive imaging, a demonstration of quantum advantage is still missing. Here, we fill this gap by exploiting entanglement to enhance imaging of a pure phase object in a non-interferometric setting, only measuring the phase effect on the free-propagating field. This method, based on the so-called "transport of intensity equation", is quantitative since it provides the absolute value of the phase without prior knowledge of the object and operates in wide-field mode, so it does not need time-consuming raster scanning. Moreover, it does not require spatial and temporal coherence of the incident light. Besides a general improvement of the image quality at a fixed number of photons irradiated through the object, resulting in better discrimination of small details, we demonstrate a clear reduction of the uncertainty in the quantitative phase estimation. Although we provide an experimental demonstration of a specific scheme in the visible spectrum, this research also paves the way for applications at different wavelengths, e.g., X-ray imaging, where reducing the photon dose is of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ortolano
- Quantum Metrology and Nano Technology Division, INRiM, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135, Torino, Italy.
- DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy.
| | - Alberto Paniate
- Quantum Metrology and Nano Technology Division, INRiM, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135, Torino, Italy
- DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Pauline Boucher
- Quantum Metrology and Nano Technology Division, INRiM, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Carmine Napoli
- Quantum Metrology and Nano Technology Division, INRiM, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Sarika Soman
- Imaging Physics Department Optics Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Silvania F Pereira
- Imaging Physics Department Optics Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ivano Ruo-Berchera
- Quantum Metrology and Nano Technology Division, INRiM, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Genovese
- Quantum Metrology and Nano Technology Division, INRiM, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135, Torino, Italy
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21
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Thekkadath G, England D, Bouchard F, Zhang Y, Kim M, Sussman B. Intensity interferometry for holography with quantum and classical light. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh1439. [PMID: 37406121 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
As first demonstrated by Hanbury Brown and Twiss, it is possible to observe interference between independent light sources by measuring correlations in their intensities rather than their amplitudes. In this work, we apply this concept of intensity interferometry to holography. We combine a signal beam with a reference and measure their intensity cross-correlations using a time-tagging single-photon camera. These correlations reveal an interference pattern from which we reconstruct the signal wavefront in both intensity and phase. We demonstrate the principle with classical and quantum light, including a single photon. Since the signal and reference do not need to be phase-stable nor from the same light source, this technique can be used to generate holograms of self-luminous or remote objects using a local reference, thus opening the door to new holography applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Thekkadath
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Duncan England
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Frédéric Bouchard
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Yingwen Zhang
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Myungshik Kim
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Benjamin Sussman
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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22
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Stokowski HS, McKenna TP, Park T, Hwang AY, Dean DJ, Celik OT, Ansari V, Fejer MM, Safavi-Naeini AH. Integrated quantum optical phase sensor in thin film lithium niobate. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3355. [PMID: 37291141 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The quantum noise of light, attributed to the random arrival time of photons from a coherent light source, fundamentally limits optical phase sensors. An engineered source of squeezed states suppresses this noise and allows phase detection sensitivity beyond the quantum noise limit (QNL). We need ways to use quantum light within deployable quantum sensors. Here we present a photonic integrated circuit in thin-film lithium niobate that meets these requirements. We use the second-order nonlinearity to produce a squeezed state at the same frequency as the pump light and realize circuit control and sensing with electro-optics. Using 26.2 milliwatts of optical power, we measure (2.7 ± 0.2)% squeezing and apply it to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of phase measurement. We anticipate that photonic systems like this, which operate with low power and integrate all of the needed functionality on a single die, will open new opportunities for quantum optical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert S Stokowski
- Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Timothy P McKenna
- Physics & Informatics Laboratories, NTT Research, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, 94085, USA
| | - Taewon Park
- Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alexander Y Hwang
- Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Devin J Dean
- Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Oguz Tolga Celik
- Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Vahid Ansari
- Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Martin M Fejer
- Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Amir H Safavi-Naeini
- Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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23
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Tang M, Han Y, Jia D, Yang Q, Cheng JX. Far-field super-resolution chemical microscopy. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:137. [PMID: 37277396 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Far-field chemical microscopy providing molecular electronic or vibrational fingerprint information opens a new window for the study of three-dimensional biological, material, and chemical systems. Chemical microscopy provides a nondestructive way of chemical identification without exterior labels. However, the diffraction limit of optics hindered it from discovering more details under the resolution limit. Recent development of super-resolution techniques gives enlightenment to open this door behind far-field chemical microscopy. Here, we review recent advances that have pushed the boundary of far-field chemical microscopy in terms of spatial resolution. We further highlight applications in biomedical research, material characterization, environmental study, cultural heritage conservation, and integrated chip inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Yubing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Danchen Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02459, USA
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02459, USA.
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24
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Panahiyan S, Muñoz CS, Chekhova MV, Schlawin F. Nonlinear Interferometry for Quantum-Enhanced Measurements of Multiphoton Absorption. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:203604. [PMID: 37267533 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.203604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton absorption is of vital importance in many spectroscopic, microscopic, or lithographic applications. However, given that it is an inherently weak process, the detection of multiphoton absorption signals typically requires large field intensities, hindering its applicability in many practical situations. In this Letter, we show that placing a multiphoton absorbent inside an imbalanced nonlinear interferometer can enhance the precision of multiphoton cross section estimation with respect to strategies based on photon-number measurements using coherent or even squeezed light directly transmitted through the medium. In particular, the power scaling of the sensitivity with photon flux can be increased by 1 order compared with transmission measurements of the sample with coherent light, such that the measurement precision at any given intensity can be greatly enhanced. Furthermore, we show that this enhanced measurement precision is robust against experimental imperfections leading to photon losses, which usually tend to degrade the detection sensitivity. We trace the origin of this enhancement to an optimal degree of squeezing which has to be generated in a nonlinear SU(1,1) interferometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Panahiyan
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg D-22761, Germany
- University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carlos Sánchez Muñoz
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria V Chekhova
- Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraße 7/B2, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - Frank Schlawin
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg D-22761, Germany
- University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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25
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Chen XD, Wang EH, Shan LK, Zhang SC, Feng C, Zheng Y, Dong Y, Guo GC, Sun FW. Quantum enhanced radio detection and ranging with solid spins. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1288. [PMID: 36894541 PMCID: PMC9998632 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate radio frequency (RF) ranging and localizing of objects has benefited the researches including autonomous driving, the Internet of Things, and manufacturing. Quantum receivers have been proposed to detect the radio signal with ability that can outperform conventional measurement. As one of the most promising candidates, solid spin shows superior robustness, high spatial resolution and miniaturization. However, challenges arise from the moderate response to a high frequency RF signal. Here, by exploiting the coherent interaction between quantum sensor and RF field, we demonstrate quantum enhanced radio detection and ranging. The RF magnetic sensitivity is improved by three orders to 21 [Formula: see text], based on nanoscale quantum sensing and RF focusing. Further enhancing the response of spins to the target's position through multi-photon excitation, a ranging accuracy of 16 μm is realized with a GHz RF signal. The results pave the way for exploring quantum enhanced radar and communications with solid spins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Dong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.,Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, P. R. China
| | - En-Hui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Long-Kun Shan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Chun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Ce Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yang Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.,Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, P. R. China
| | - Fang-Wen Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China. .,CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China. .,Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, P. R. China.
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26
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Sub-resolution contrast in neutral helium microscopy through facet scattering for quantitative imaging of nanoscale topographies on macroscopic surfaces. Nat Commun 2023; 14:904. [PMID: 36801860 PMCID: PMC9938237 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale thin film coatings and surface treatments are ubiquitous across industry, science, and engineering; imbuing specific functional or mechanical properties (such as corrosion resistance, lubricity, catalytic activity and electronic behaviour). Non-destructive nanoscale imaging of thin film coatings across large (ca. centimetre) lateral length scales, crucial to a wide range of modern industry, remains a significant technical challenge. By harnessing the unique nature of the helium atom-surface interaction, neutral helium microscopy images these surfaces without altering the sample under investigation. Since the helium atom scatters exclusively from the outermost electronic corrugation of the sample, the technique is completely surface sensitive. Furthermore, with a cross-section that is orders of magnitude larger than that of electrons, neutrons and photons, the probe particle routinely interacts with features down to the scale of surface defects and small adsorbates (including hydrogen). Here, we highlight the capacity of neutral helium microscopy for sub-resolution contrast using an advanced facet scattering model based on nanoscale features. By replicating the observed scattered helium intensities, we demonstrate that sub-resolution contrast arises from the unique surface scattering of the incident probe. Consequently, it is now possible to extract quantitative information from the helium atom image, including localised ångström-scale variations in topography.
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27
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Qin J, Deng YH, Zhong HS, Peng LC, Su H, Luo YH, Xu JM, Wu D, Gong SQ, Liu HL, Wang H, Chen MC, Li L, Liu NL, Lu CY, Pan JW. Unconditional and Robust Quantum Metrological Advantage beyond N00N States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:070801. [PMID: 36867807 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.070801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantum metrology employs quantum resources to enhance the measurement sensitivity beyond that can be achieved classically. While multiphoton entangled N00N states can in principle beat the shot-noise limit and reach the Heisenberg limit, high N00N states are difficult to prepare and fragile to photon loss which hinders them from reaching unconditional quantum metrological advantages. Here, we combine the idea of unconventional nonlinear interferometers and stimulated emission of squeezed light, previously developed for the photonic quantum computer Jiuzhang, to propose and realize a new scheme that achieves a scalable, unconditional, and robust quantum metrological advantage. We observe a 5.8(1)-fold enhancement above the shot-noise limit in the Fisher information extracted per photon, without discounting for photon loss and imperfections, which outperforms ideal 5-N00N states. The Heisenberg-limited scaling, the robustness to external photon loss, and the ease-of-use of our method make it applicable in practical quantum metrology at a low photon flux regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China; and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Yu-Hao Deng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China; and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Han-Sen Zhong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China; and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Li-Chao Peng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China; and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Hao Su
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China; and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Yi-Han Luo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China; and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jia-Min Xu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China; and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Dian Wu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China; and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Si-Qiu Gong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China; and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Hua-Liang Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China; and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China; and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China; and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Li Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China; and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Nai-Le Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China; and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China; and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China; and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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28
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Camphausen R, Sansa Perna A, Cuevas Á, Demuth A, Arrés Chillón J, Gräfe M, Steinlechner F, Pruneri V. Fast quantum-enhanced imaging with visible-wavelength entangled photons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:6039-6050. [PMID: 36823870 DOI: 10.1364/oe.471429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantum resources can provide supersensitive performance in optical imaging. Detecting entangled photon pairs from spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) with single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) image sensor arrays (ISAs) enables practical wide-field quantum-enhanced imaging. However, matching the SPDC wavelength to the peak detection efficiency range of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible mass-producible SPAD-ISAs has remained technologically elusive, resulting in low imaging speeds to date. Here, we show that a recently developed visible-wavelength entangled photon source enables high-speed quantum imaging. By operating at high detection efficiency of a SPAD-ISA, we increase acquisition speed by more than an order of magnitude compared to previous similar quantum imaging demonstrations. Besides being fast, the quantum-enhanced phase imager operating at short wavelengths retrieves nanometer scale height differences, tested by imaging evaporated silica and protein microarray spots on glass samples, with sensitivity improved by a factor of 1.351 ± 0.004 over equivalent ideal classical imaging. This work represents an important stepping stone towards scalable real-world quantum imaging advantage, and may find use in biomedical and industrial applications as well as fundamental research.
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29
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Real-time denoising enables high-sensitivity fluorescence time-lapse imaging beyond the shot-noise limit. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:282-292. [PMID: 36163547 PMCID: PMC9931589 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01450-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental challenge in fluorescence microscopy is the photon shot noise arising from the inevitable stochasticity of photon detection. Noise increases measurement uncertainty and limits imaging resolution, speed and sensitivity. To achieve high-sensitivity fluorescence imaging beyond the shot-noise limit, we present DeepCAD-RT, a self-supervised deep learning method for real-time noise suppression. Based on our previous framework DeepCAD, we reduced the number of network parameters by 94%, memory consumption by 27-fold and processing time by a factor of 20, allowing real-time processing on a two-photon microscope. A high imaging signal-to-noise ratio can be acquired with tenfold fewer photons than in standard imaging approaches. We demonstrate the utility of DeepCAD-RT in a series of photon-limited experiments, including in vivo calcium imaging of mice, zebrafish larva and fruit flies, recording of three-dimensional (3D) migration of neutrophils after acute brain injury and imaging of 3D dynamics of cortical ATP release. DeepCAD-RT will facilitate the morphological and functional interrogation of biological dynamics with a minimal photon budget.
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30
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Conlon LO, Vogl T, Marciniak CD, Pogorelov I, Yung SK, Eilenberger F, Berry DW, Santana FS, Blatt R, Monz T, Lam PK, Assad SM. Approaching optimal entangling collective measurements on quantum computing platforms. NATURE PHYSICS 2023; 19:351-357. [PMID: 36942094 PMCID: PMC10020085 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-022-01875-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Entanglement is a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics and holds great promise for enhancing metrology and communications. Much of the focus of quantum metrology so far has been on generating highly entangled quantum states that offer better sensitivity, per resource, than what can be achieved classically. However, to reach the ultimate limits in multi-parameter quantum metrology and quantum information processing tasks, collective measurements, which generate entanglement between multiple copies of the quantum state, are necessary. Here, we experimentally demonstrate theoretically optimal single- and two-copy collective measurements for simultaneously estimating two non-commuting qubit rotations. This allows us to implement quantum-enhanced sensing, for which the metrological gain persists for high levels of decoherence, and to draw fundamental insights about the interpretation of the uncertainty principle. We implement our optimal measurements on superconducting, trapped-ion and photonic systems, providing an indication of how future quantum-enhanced sensing networks may look.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorcán O. Conlon
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Tobias Vogl
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Simon K. Yung
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Falk Eilenberger
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Jena, Germany
- Max Planck School of Photonics, Jena, Germany
| | - Dominic W. Berry
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
| | | | - Rainer Blatt
- Institute for Experimental Physics, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Monz
- Institute for Experimental Physics, Innsbruck, Austria
- Alpine Quantum Technologies (AQT), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ping Koy Lam
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory Australia
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Innovis, Singapore
| | - Syed M. Assad
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory Australia
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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31
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Huang Z, Brennen GK, Ouyang Y. Imaging Stars with Quantum Error Correction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:210502. [PMID: 36461980 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.210502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-resolution, large-baseline optical interferometers would revolutionize astronomical imaging. However, classical techniques are hindered by physical limitations including loss, noise, and the fact that the received light is generally quantum in nature. We show how to overcome these issues using quantum communication techniques. We present a general framework for using quantum error correction codes for protecting and imaging starlight received at distant telescope sites. In our scheme, the quantum state of light is coherently captured into a nonradiative atomic state via stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, which is then imprinted into a quantum error correction code. The code protects the signal during subsequent potentially noisy operations necessary to extract the image parameters. We show that even a small quantum error correction code can offer significant protection against noise. For large codes, we find noise thresholds below which the information can be preserved. Our scheme represents an application for near-term quantum devices that can increase imaging resolution beyond what is feasible using classical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Huang
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Gavin K Brennen
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Yingkai Ouyang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Centre of Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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32
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Topical Semisolid Products-Understanding the Impact of Metamorphosis on Skin Penetration and Physicochemical Properties. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112487. [PMID: 36432678 PMCID: PMC9692522 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the United States Food and Drug Administration published a series of product-specific guidance for the development of topical drugs, with in vitro options consisting of qualitative sameness (Q1) and quantitative sameness (Q2) assessment of formulations, physiochemical and structural characterization of formulations (Q3), and, potentially, in vitro drug release and permeation tests. In these tests, the topical semisolid product's critical quality attributes (CQAs), such as rheological properties, thermodynamic activity, particle size, globule size, and rate/extent of drug release/permeation, are evaluated to ensure the desired product quality. However, alterations in these CQAs of the drug products may occur under 'in use' conditions because of various metamorphosis events, such as evaporation that leads to supersaturation and crystallization, which may eventually result in specific failure modes of semisolid products. Under 'in use' conditions, a limited amount of formulation is applied to the skin, where physicochemical characteristics of the formulation are substantially altered from primary state to secondary and, eventually, tertiary state on the skin. There is an urgent need to understand the behavior of topical semisolid products under 'in use' conditions. In this review, we attempt to cover a series of metamorphosis events and their impact on CQAs (Q3 attributes), such as viscosity, drug activity, particle size, globule size, and drug release/permeation of topical semisolid products.
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33
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Xu Z, Oguchi K, Taguchi Y, Takahashi S, Sano Y, Mizuguchi T, Katoh K, Ozeki Y. Quantum-enhanced stimulated Raman scattering microscopy in a high-power regime. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:5829-5832. [PMID: 37219114 DOI: 10.1364/ol.473130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Quantum-enhanced stimulated Raman scattering (QESRS) microscopy is expected to realize molecular vibrational imaging with sub-shot-noise sensitivity, so that weak signals buried in the laser shot noise can be uncovered. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of previous QESRS did not exceed that of state-of-the-art stimulated Raman scattering (SOA-SRS) microscopes mainly because of the low optical power (3 mW) of amplitude squeezed light [Nature594, 201 (2021)10.1038/s41586-021-03528-w]. Here, we present QESRS based on quantum-enhanced balanced detection (QE-BD). This method allows us to operate QESRS in a high-power regime (>30 mW) that is comparable to SOA-SRS microscopes, at the expense of 3 dB sensitivity drawback due to balanced detection. We demonstrate QESRS imaging with 2.89 dB noise reduction compared with classical balanced detection scheme. The present demonstration confirms that QESRS with QE-BD can work in the high-power regime, and paves the way for breaking the sensitivity of SOA-SRS microscopes.
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34
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Giri SK, Schatz GC. Manipulating Two-Photon Absorption of Molecules through Efficient Optimization of Entangled Light. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10140-10146. [PMID: 36270000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report how the unique temporal and spectral features of pulsed entangled photons from a parametric downconversion source can be utilized for manipulating electronic excitations through the optimization of their spectral phase. A new comprehensive optimization protocol based on Bayesian optimization has been developed in this work to selectively excite electronic states accessible by two-photon absorption. Using our optimization method, the entangled two-photon absorption probability for a thiophene dendrimer can be enhanced by up to a factor of 20, while classical light turns out to be nonoptimizable. Moreover, the optimization involving photon entanglement enables selective excitation that would not be possible otherwise. In addition to optimization, we have explored entangled two-photon absorption in the small entanglement time limit showing that entangled light can excite molecular electronic states that are vanishingly small for classical light. We demonstrate these opportunities with an application to a thiophene dendrimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajal Kumar Giri
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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35
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Yao G, Chen Y, Jiang C, Xuan Y, Hu X, Liu Y, Pan Y. Dynamic single-photon 3D imaging with a sparsity-based neural network. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:37323-37340. [PMID: 36258323 DOI: 10.1364/oe.471610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Deep learning is emerging as an important tool for single-photon light detection and ranging (LiDAR) with high photon efficiency and image reconstruction quality. Nevertheless, the existing deep learning methods still suffer from high memory footprint and low inference speed, which undermine their compatibility when it comes to dynamic and long-range imaging with resource-constrained devices. By exploiting the sparsity of the data, we proposed an efficient neural network architecture which significantly reduces the storage and computation overhead by skipping the inactive sites with no photon counts. In contrast with the state-of-the-art deep learning methods, our method supports one-shot processing of data frames with high spatial resolution, and achieves over 90% acceleration in computation speed without sacrificing the reconstruction quality. In addition, the speed of our method is not sensitive to the detection distance. The experiment results on public real-world dataset and our home-built system have demonstrated the outstanding dynamic imaging capability of the algorithm, which is orders of magnitude faster than the competing methods and does not require any data pruning for hardware compatibility.
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36
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Shajilal B, Thearle O, Tranter A, Lu Y, Huntington E, Assad S, Lam PK, Janousek J. 12.6 dB squeezed light at 1550 nm from a bow-tie cavity for long-term high duty cycle operation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:37213-37223. [PMID: 36258313 DOI: 10.1364/oe.465521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Squeezed states are an interesting class of quantum states that have numerous applications. This work presents the design, characterization, and operation of a bow-tie optical parametric amplifier (OPA) for squeezed vacuum generation. We report the high duty cycle operation and long-term stability of the system that makes it suitable for post-selection based continuous-variable quantum information protocols, cluster-state quantum computing, quantum metrology, and potentially gravitational wave detectors. Over a 50 hour continuous operation, the measured squeezing levels were greater than 10 dB with a duty cycle of 96.6%. Alternatively, in a different mode of operation, the squeezer can also operate 10 dB below the quantum noise limit over a 12 hour period with no relocks, with an average squeezing of 11.9 dB. We also measured a maximum squeezing level of 12.6 dB at 1550 nm. This represents one of the best reported squeezing results at 1550 nm to date for a bow-tie cavity. We discuss the design aspects of the experiment that contribute to the overall stability, reliability, and longevity of the OPA, along with the automated locking schemes and different modes of operation.
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37
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Nehra R, Sekine R, Ledezma L, Guo Q, Gray RM, Roy A, Marandi A. Few-cycle vacuum squeezing in nanophotonics. Science 2022; 377:1333-1337. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abo6213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
One of the most fundamental quantum states of light is the squeezed vacuum, in which noise in one of the quadratures is less than the standard quantum noise limit. In nanophotonics, it remains challenging to generate, manipulate, and measure such a quantum state with the performance required for a wide range of scalable quantum information systems. Here, we report the development of a lithium niobate–based nanophotonic platform to demonstrate the generation and all-optical measurement of squeezed states on the same chip. The generated squeezed states span more than 25 terahertz of bandwidth supporting just a few optical cycles. The measured 4.9 decibels of squeezing surpass the requirements for a wide range of quantum information systems, demonstrating a practical path toward scalable ultrafast quantum nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajveer Nehra
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ryoto Sekine
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Luis Ledezma
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Qiushi Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Robert M. Gray
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Arkadev Roy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Alireza Marandi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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38
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Optical quantum super-resolution imaging and hypothesis testing. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5373. [PMID: 36100599 PMCID: PMC9470588 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32977-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimating the angular separation between two incoherent thermal sources is a challenging task for direct imaging, especially at lengths within the diffraction limit. Moreover, detecting the presence of multiple sources of different brightness is an even more severe challenge. We experimentally demonstrate two tasks for super-resolution imaging based on hypothesis testing and quantum metrology techniques. We can significantly reduce the error probability for detecting a weak secondary source, even for small separations. We reduce the experimental complexity to a simple interferometer: we show (1) our set-up is optimal for the state discrimination task, and (2) if the two sources are equally bright, then this measurement can super-resolve their angular separation. Using a collection baseline of 5.3 mm, we resolve the angular separation of two sources placed 15 μm apart at a distance of 1.0 m with a 1.7% accuracy - an almost 3-orders-of-magnitude improvement over shot-noise limited direct imaging. Estimating the angular separation between two incoherent sources below the diffraction limit is challenging. Hypothesis testing and quantum state discrimination techniques are used to super-resolve sources of different brightness with a simple optical interferometer.
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39
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Li T, Li F, Liu X, Yakovlev VV, Agarwal GS. Quantum-enhanced stimulated Brillouin scattering spectroscopy and imaging. OPTICA 2022; 9:959-964. [PMID: 37398895 PMCID: PMC10312138 DOI: 10.1364/optica.467635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Brillouin microscopy is an emerging label-free imaging technique used to assess local viscoelastic properties. Quantum-enhanced stimulated Brillouin scattering is demonstrated using low power continuous-wave lasers at 795 nm. A signal-to-noise ratio enhancement of 3.4 dB is reported by using two-mode intensity-difference squeezed light generated with the four-wave mixing process in atomic rubidium vapor. The low optical power and the excitation wavelengths in the water transparency window have the potential to provide a powerful bio-imaging technique for probing mechanical properties of biological samples prone to phototoxicity and thermal effects. The performance enhancement affordable through the use of quantum light may pave the way for significantly improved sensitivity that cannot be achieved classically. The proposed method for utilizing squeezed light for enhanced stimulated Brillouin scattering can be easily adapted for both spectroscopic and imaging applications in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37403, USA
| | - Fu Li
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Xinghua Liu
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Vladislav V. Yakovlev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Girish S. Agarwal
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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40
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Magrini L, Camarena-Chávez VA, Bach C, Johnson A, Aspelmeyer M. Squeezed Light from a Levitated Nanoparticle at Room Temperature. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:053601. [PMID: 35960562 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.053601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantum measurements of mechanical systems can generate optical squeezing via ponderomotive forces. Its observation requires high environmental isolation and efficient detection, typically achieved by using cryogenic cooling and optical cavities. Here, we realize these conditions by measuring the position of an optically levitated nanoparticle at room temperature and without the overhead of an optical cavity. We use a fast heterodyne detection to reconstruct simultaneously orthogonal optical quadratures, and observe a noise reduction of 9%±0.5% below shot noise. Our experiment offers a novel, cavityless platform for squeezed-light enhanced sensing. At the same time it delineates a clear and simple strategy toward observation of stationary optomechanical entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Magrini
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Victor A Camarena-Chávez
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Constanze Bach
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aisling Johnson
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Aspelmeyer
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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41
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Mashiyama Y, Hasunuma Y, Fujimori A. Correlation between Chirality and Spherical Particle Formation Related to the Loss of Function of Thixotropic Additive Molecules. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Mashiyama
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku Saitama 338-8570 Japan
| | - Yuka Hasunuma
- Faculty of Engineering Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku Saitama 338-8570 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Fujimori
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku Saitama 338-8570 Japan
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42
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Abstract
As an emerging optical imaging modality, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy provides invaluable opportunities for chemical biology studies using its rich chemical information. Through rapid progress over the past decade, the development of Raman probes harnessing the chemical biology toolbox has proven to play a key role in advancing SRS microscopy and expanding biological applications. In this perspective, we first discuss the development of biorthogonal SRS imaging using small tagging of triple bonds or isotopes and highlight their unique advantages for metabolic pathway analysis and microbiology investigations. Potential opportunities for chemical biology studies integrating small tagging with SRS imaging are also proposed. We next summarize the current designs of highly sensitive and super-multiplexed SRS probes, as well as provide future directions and considerations for next-generation functional probe design. These rationally designed SRS probes are envisioned to bridge the gap between SRS microscopy and chemical biology research and should benefit their mutual development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Du
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Haomin Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Lu Wei
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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43
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Han D, Wang N, Wang M, Qin Z, Su X. Remote preparation and manipulation of squeezed light. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:3295-3298. [PMID: 35776609 DOI: 10.1364/ol.463697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Remote state preparation enables one to create and manipulate a quantum state based on the shared entanglement between distant nodes. Here, we experimentally demonstrate remote preparation and manipulation of squeezed light. By performing a homodyne projective measurement on one mode of the continuous variable entangled state at Alice's station, a squeezed state is created at Bob's station. Moreover, rotation and displacement operations are applied on the prepared squeezed state by changing the projective parameters on Alice's state. We also show that the remotely prepared squeezed state is robust against loss and N - 1 squeezed states can be remotely prepared based on an N-mode continuous variable Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-like state. Our results verify the entanglement-based model used in security analysis of quantum key distribution with continuous variables and have potential application in remote quantum information processing.
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44
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Yao G, Chen Y, Liu Y, Hu X, Pan Y. Robust photon-efficient imaging using a pixel-wise residual shrinkage network. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:18856-18873. [PMID: 36221678 DOI: 10.1364/oe.452597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon light detection and ranging (LiDAR) has been widely applied to 3D imaging in challenging scenarios. However, limited signal photon counts and high noises in the collected data have posed great challenges for predicting the depth image precisely. In this paper, we propose a pixel-wise residual shrinkage network for photon-efficient imaging from high-noise data, which adaptively generates the optimal thresholds for each pixel and denoises the intermediate features by soft thresholding. Besides, redefining the optimization target as pixel-wise classification provides a sharp advantage in producing confident and accurate depth estimation when compared with existing research. Comprehensive experiments conducted on both simulated and real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-arts and maintains robust imaging performance under different signal-to-noise ratios including the extreme case of 1:100.
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45
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Xu Z, Oguchi K, Taguchi Y, Sano Y, Miyawaki Y, Cheon D, Katoh K, Ozeki Y. Stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopy with quantum-enhanced balanced detection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:18589-18598. [PMID: 36221657 DOI: 10.1364/oe.456653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantum-enhanced stimulated Raman scattering (QE-SRS) is a promising technique for highly sensitive molecular vibrational imaging and spectroscopy surpassing the shot noise limit. However, the previous demonstrations of QE-SRS utilized rather weak optical power which hinders from competing with the sensitivity of state-of-the-art SRS microscopy and spectroscopy using relatively high-power optical pulses. Here, we demonstrate SRS spectroscopy with quantum-enhanced balanced detection (QE-BD) scheme, which works even when using high-power optical pulses. We used 4-ps pulses to generate pulsed squeezed vacuum at a wavelength of 844 nm with a squeezing level of -3.28 ± 0.12 dB generated from a periodically-poled stoichiometric LiTaO3 waveguide. The squeezed vacuum was introduced to an SRS spectrometer employing a high-speed spectral scanner to acquire QE-SRS spectrum in the wavenumber range of 2000-2280 cm-1 within 50 ms. Using SRS pump pulses with an average power of 11.3 mW, we successfully obtained QE-SRS spectrum whose SNR was better than classical SRS with balanced-detection by 2.27 dB.
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46
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Liu J, Yang Q, Chen S, Xiao Z, Wen S, Luo H. Intrinsic Optical Spatial Differentiation Enabled Quantum Dark-Field Microscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:193601. [PMID: 35622048 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.193601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
By solving the Maxwell's equations in Fourier space, we find that the cross-polarized component of the dipole scattering field can be written as the second-order spatial differentiation of the copolarized component. This differential operation can be regarded as intrinsic which naturally arises as consequence of the transversality of electromagnetic fields. By introducing the intrinsic spatial differentiation into heralded single-photon microscopy imaging technique, it makes the structure of pure-phase object clearly visible at low photon level, avoiding any biophysical damages to living cells. Based on the polarization entanglement, the switch between dark-field imaging and bright-field imaging is remotely controlled in the heralding arm. This research enriches both fields of optical analog computing and quantum microscopy, opening a promising route toward a nondestructive imaging of living biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liu
- Laboratory for Spin Photonics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Laboratory for Spin Photonics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Shizhen Chen
- Laboratory for Spin Photonics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhicheng Xiao
- Laboratory for Spin Photonics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Shuangchun Wen
- Laboratory for Spin Photonics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hailu Luo
- Laboratory for Spin Photonics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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47
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Tyumenev R, Hammer J, Joly NY, Russell PSJ, Novoa D. Tunable and state-preserving frequency conversion of single photons in hydrogen. Science 2022; 376:621-624. [PMID: 35511970 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In modern quantum technologies, preservation of the photon statistics of quantum optical states upon frequency conversion holds the key to the viable implementation of quantum networks, which often require interfacing of several subsystems operating in widely different spectral regions. Most current approaches offer only very small frequency shifts and limited tunability, while suffering from high insertion loss and Raman noise originating in the materials used. We introduce a route to quantum-correlation-preserving frequency conversion using hydrogen-filled antiresonant-reflecting photonic crystal fibers. Transient optical phonons generated by stimulated Raman scattering enable selective frequency up-conversion by 125 terahertz of the idler photon of an entangled pair, with efficiencies up to 70%. This threshold-less molecular modulation process preserves quantum correlations, making it ideal for applications in quantum information.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tyumenev
- Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Hammer
- Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - N Y Joly
- Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Staudtstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - P St J Russell
- Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Novoa
- Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Communications Engineering, Engineering School of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Torres Quevedo 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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48
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Eshun A, Varnavski O, Villabona-Monsalve JP, Burdick RK, Goodson T. Entangled Photon Spectroscopy. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:991-1003. [PMID: 35312287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced interest in quantum-related phenomena has provided new opportunities for chemists to push the limits of detection and analysis of chemical processes. As some have called this the second quantum revolution, a time has come to apply the rules learned from previous research in quantum phenomena toward new methods and technologies important to chemists. While there has been great interest recently in quantum information science (QIS), the quest to understand how nonclassical states of light interact with matter has been ongoing for more than two decades. Our entry into this field started around this time with the use of materials to produce nonclassical states of light. Here, the process of multiphoton absorption led to photon-number squeezed states of light, where the photon statistics are sub-Poissonian. In addition to the great interest in generating squeezed states of light, there was also interest in the formation of entangled states of light. While much of the effort is still in foundational physics, there are numerous new avenues as to how quantum entanglement can be applied to spectroscopy, imaging, and sensing. These opportunities could have a large impact on the chemical community for a broad spectrum of applications.In this Account, we discuss the use of entangled (or quantum) light for spectroscopy as well as applications in microscopy and interferometry. The potential benefits of the use of quantum light are discussed in detail. From the first experiments in porphyrin dendrimer systems by Dr. Dong-Ik Lee in our group to the measurements of the entangled two photon absorption cross sections of biological systems such as flavoproteins, the usefulness of entangled light for spectroscopy has been illustrated. These early measurements led the way to more advanced measurements of the unique characteristics of both entangled light and the entangled photon absorption cross-section, which provides new control knobs for manipulating excited states in molecules.The first reports of fluorescence-induced entangled processes were in organic chromophores where the entangled photon cross-section was measured. These results would later have widespread impact in applications such as entangled two-photon microscopy. From our design, construction and implementation of a quantum entangled photon excited microscope, important imaging capabilities were achieved at an unprecedented low excitation intensity of 107 photons/s, which is 6 orders of magnitude lower than the excitation level for the classical two-photon image. New reports have also illustrated an advantage of nonclassical light in Raman imaging as well.From a standpoint of more precise measurements, the use of entangled photons in quantum interferometry may offer new opportunities for chemistry research. Experiments that combine molecular spectroscopy and quantum interferometry, by utilizing the correlations of entangled photons in a Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferometer, have been carried out. The initial experiment showed that the HOM signal is sensitive to the presence of a resonant organic sample placed in one arm of the interferometer. In addition, parameters such as the dephasing time have been obtained with the opportunity for even more advanced phenomenology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Eshun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North UniversityAnn Arbor, Michigan 48103, United States
| | - Oleg Varnavski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North UniversityAnn Arbor, Michigan 48103, United States
| | - Juan P. Villabona-Monsalve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North UniversityAnn Arbor, Michigan 48103, United States
| | - Ryan K. Burdick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North UniversityAnn Arbor, Michigan 48103, United States
| | - Theodore Goodson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North UniversityAnn Arbor, Michigan 48103, United States
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49
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Varnavski O, Gunthardt C, Rehman A, Luker GD, Goodson T. Quantum Light-Enhanced Two-Photon Imaging of Breast Cancer Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2772-2781. [PMID: 35318850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Correct biological interpretation from cell imaging can be achieved only if the observed phenomena proceed with negligible perturbation from the imaging system. Herein, we demonstrate microscopic images of breast cancer cells created by the fluorescence selectively excited in the process of entangled two-photon absorption in a scanning microscope at an excitation intensity orders of magnitude lower than that used for classical two-photon microscopy. Quantum enhanced entangled two-photon microscopy has shown cell imaging capabilities at an unprecedented low excitation intensity of ∼3.6 × 107 photons/s, which is a million times lower than the excitation level for the classical two-photon fluorescence image obtained in the same microscope. The extremely low light probe intensity demonstrated in entangled two-photon microscopy is of critical importance to minimize photobleaching during repetitive imaging and damage to cells in live-cell applications. This technology opens new avenues in cell investigations with light microscopy, such as enhanced selectivity and time-frequency resolution.
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50
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Marciniak CD, Feldker T, Pogorelov I, Kaubruegger R, Vasilyev DV, van Bijnen R, Schindler P, Zoller P, Blatt R, Monz T. Optimal metrology with programmable quantum sensors. Nature 2022; 603:604-609. [PMID: 35322252 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Quantum sensors are an established technology that has created new opportunities for precision sensing across the breadth of science. Using entanglement for quantum enhancement will allow us to construct the next generation of sensors that can approach the fundamental limits of precision allowed by quantum physics. However, determining how state-of-the-art sensing platforms may be used to converge to these ultimate limits is an outstanding challenge. Here we merge concepts from the field of quantum information processing with metrology, and successfully implement experimentally a programmable quantum sensor operating close to the fundamental limits imposed by the laws of quantum mechanics. We achieve this by using low-depth, parametrized quantum circuits implementing optimal input states and measurement operators for a sensing task on a trapped-ion experiment. With 26 ions, we approach the fundamental sensing limit up to a factor of 1.45 ± 0.01, outperforming conventional spin-squeezing with a factor of 1.87 ± 0.03. Our approach reduces the number of averages to reach a given Allan deviation by a factor of 1.59 ± 0.06 compared with traditional methods not using entanglement-enabled protocols. We further perform on-device quantum-classical feedback optimization to 'self-calibrate' the programmable quantum sensor with comparable performance. This ability illustrates that this next generation of quantum sensor can be used without previous knowledge of the device or its noise environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Raphael Kaubruegger
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Quantum Physics, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Denis V Vasilyev
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Quantum Physics, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rick van Bijnen
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Quantum Physics, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Peter Zoller
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Quantum Physics, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rainer Blatt
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Monz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Innsbruck, Austria. .,Alpine Quantum Technologies, Innsbruck, Austria.
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