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Liu S, Xue L, Xiao Y, Yang M, Liu Y, Han Q, Ma J. Dynamic process of ecosystem water use efficiency and response to drought in the Yellow River Basin, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173339. [PMID: 38763192 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE) is a crucial indicator of the impact of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems, reflecting the balance between biological processes (photosynthesis and transpiration) and physical processes (evapotranspiration). However, the response mechanisms and driving processes of WUE to drought remain to be further understood. In this study, we analyzed the spatial and temporal dynamics and response mechanisms of WUE in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) using data on Gross Primary Productivity (GPP), Evapotranspiration (ET) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), which revealed the cumulative effect of drought on WUE and assessed the ecosystem's resilience. The study results showed that (1) GPP, ET and WUE in the YRB exhibited a significant increasing trend, with 63.04 % of the area showing a marked increase in WUE. (2) GPP was the dominant factor influencing WUE in 65.36 % of the area, particularly in cropland and grassland, while ET was more influential in forested areas. Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) was identified as the principal driver affecting vegetation GPP in semi-arid and semi-humid regions of the YRB. In contrast, soil moisture (SM) was the limiting factor in arid areas. (3) 71.00 % of the WUE in the basin was affected by drought cumulative effects, with an average cumulative duration of 4.5 months. Arid regions experienced the most extended duration of 7.29 months, compared to 3.05 months in semi-humid regions. (4) 74.85 % of the regional ecosystems exhibited ecological resilience to drought, particularly in the source areas of the western basin of the YRB. Shrublands have the highest drought resilience among vegetation types, while grasslands have the lowest. The resilience of each climatic zone was in the order of semi-humid, semi-arid, and arid order. This study comprehensively analyzed of the spatial and temporal dynamics and response mechanisms of WUE in the YRB, offering a new perspective and scientific basis for understanding and predicting the ecosystem response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- SaiHua Liu
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Lianqing Xue
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; School of Hydraulic Engineering, Wanjiang University of Technology, Anhui 243031, China.
| | - Ying Xiao
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Mingjie Yang
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qiang Han
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jingtian Ma
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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Tong Y, Wang Y, Zhou J, Guo X, Wang T, Xu Y, Sun H, Zhang P, Li Z, Lauerwald R. Dataset of soil hydraulic parameters in the Yellow River Basin based on in situ deep sampling. Sci Data 2024; 11:740. [PMID: 38972916 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil hydraulic parameters are vital for precisely characterizing soil hydrological processes, which are critical indicators for regulating climate change effects on terrestrial ecosystems and governing feedbacks between water, energy, and carbon-nitrogen cycles. Although many studies have integrated comprehensive soil datasets, data quality and cost challenges result in data completeness deficiencies, especially for deep soil information. These gaps not only impede methodological endeavours but also constrain soil parameter-based ecosystem process studies spanning from local profiles to global earth system models. We established a soil dataset across the entire Yellow River Basin (YRB) (795,000 km2) using high-density in situ field sampling. This observation-based dataset contains records of soil texture (2924), bulk density (2798), saturated hydraulic conductivity (2782), and water retention curve parameters (1035) down to a maximum depth of 5 m. This dataset, which extends the recorded data range for deep soil hydraulic parameters, is valuable as a direct data resource for environmental, agronomical and hydrological studies in the YRB and regions with similar pedological and geological backgrounds around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR Ecosys, Palaiseau, 91120, France
- National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, 710061, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, 710061, Xi'an, China.
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Jingxiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, 710061, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
- National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, 710061, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
- National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, 710061, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yuting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
- National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, 710061, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
- National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, 710061, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, 710061, Xi'an, China
| | - Zimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, 710061, Xi'an, China
| | - Ronny Lauerwald
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR Ecosys, Palaiseau, 91120, France
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3
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An S, Chen X, Li F, Wang X, Shen M, Luo X, Ren S, Zhao H, Li Y, Xu L. Long-term species-level observations indicate the critical role of soil moisture in regulating China's grassland productivity relative to phenological and climatic factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172553. [PMID: 38663615 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
As a sensitive indicator of climate change and a key variable in ecosystem surface-atmosphere interaction, vegetation phenology, and the growing season length, as well as climatic factors (i.e., temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration) are widely recognized as key factors influencing vegetation productivity. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of soil moisture in regulating grassland productivity. However, the relative importance of phenology, climatic factors, and soil moisture to plant species-level productivity across China's grasslands remains poorly understood. Here, we use nearly four decades (1981 to 2018) of in situ species-level observations from 17 stations distributed across grasslands in China to examine the key mechanisms that control grassland productivity. The results reveal that soil moisture is the strongest determinant of the interannual variability in grassland productivity. In contrast, the spring/autumn phenology, the length of vegetation growing season, and climate factors have relatively minor impacts. Generally, annual aboveground biomass increases by 3.9 to 25.3 g∙m2 (dry weight) with a 1 % increase in growing season mean soil moisture across the stations. Specifically, the sensitivity of productivity to moisture in wetter and colder environments (e.g., alpine meadows) is significantly higher than that in drier and warmer environments (e.g., temperate desert steppes). In contrast, the sensitivity to the precipitation of the latter is greater than the former. The effect of soil moisture is the most pronounced during summer. Dominant herb productivity is more sensitive to soil moisture than the others. Moreover, multivariate regression analyses show that the primary climatic factors and their attributions to variations in soil moisture differ among the stations, indicating the interaction between climate and soil moisture is very complex. Our study highlights the interspecific difference in the soil moisture dependence of grassland productivity and provides guidance to climate change impact assessments in grassland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai An
- College of Applied Arts and Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xiaoqiu Chen
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fangjun Li
- Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence (GSCE), Department of Geography and Geospatial Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States of America
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Miaogen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiangzhong Luo
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shilong Ren
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hongfang Zhao
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resources Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lin Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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4
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Prăvălie R, Borrelli P, Panagos P, Ballabio C, Lugato E, Chappell A, Miguez-Macho G, Maggi F, Peng J, Niculiță M, Roșca B, Patriche C, Dumitrașcu M, Bandoc G, Nita IA, Birsan MV. A unifying modelling of multiple land degradation pathways in Europe. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3862. [PMID: 38719912 PMCID: PMC11079025 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Land degradation is a complex socio-environmental threat, which generally occurs as multiple concurrent pathways that remain largely unexplored in Europe. Here we present an unprecedented analysis of land multi-degradation in 40 continental countries, using twelve dataset-based processes that were modelled as land degradation convergence and combination pathways in Europe's agricultural (and arable) environments. Using a Land Multi-degradation Index, we find that up to 27%, 35% and 22% of continental agricultural (~2 million km2) and arable (~1.1 million km2) lands are currently threatened by one, two, and three drivers of degradation, while 10-11% of pan-European agricultural/arable landscapes are cumulatively affected by four and at least five concurrent processes. We also explore the complex pattern of spatially interacting processes, emphasizing the major combinations of land degradation pathways across continental and national boundaries. Our results will enable policymakers to develop knowledge-based strategies for land degradation mitigation and other critical European sustainable development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remus Prăvălie
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography, 1 Nicolae Bălcescu Street, 010041, Bucharest, Romania.
- University of Bucharest, Research, Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), 90-92 Panduri Street, 050663, Bucharest, Romania.
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei Street, 050094, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Pasquale Borrelli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Environmental Geosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Panos Panagos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Lugato
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Adrian Chappell
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Gonzalo Miguez-Macho
- CRETUS, Non-Linear Physics Group, Faculty of Physics, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Federico Maggi
- Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jian Peng
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mihai Niculiță
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Department of Geography, 20A Carol I Street, 700506, Iași, Romania
| | - Bogdan Roșca
- Romanian Academy, Iași Divison, Geography Department, 8 Carol I Street, 700505, Iași, Romania
| | - Cristian Patriche
- Romanian Academy, Iași Divison, Geography Department, 8 Carol I Street, 700505, Iași, Romania
| | - Monica Dumitrașcu
- Institute of Geography, Romanian Academy, 12 Dimitrie Racoviță Street, 023993, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgeta Bandoc
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography, 1 Nicolae Bălcescu Street, 010041, Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei Street, 050094, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Marius-Victor Birsan
- Institute of Geography, Romanian Academy, 12 Dimitrie Racoviță Street, 023993, Bucharest, Romania
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5
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Cheng Y, Liu H. The crucial role of soil moisture in the evolution of forest cover in Asia since the Last Glacial Maximum. Innovation (N Y) 2024; 5:100594. [PMID: 38496827 PMCID: PMC10944289 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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6
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Bachofen C, Tumber-Dávila SJ, Mackay DS, McDowell NG, Carminati A, Klein T, Stocker BD, Mencuccini M, Grossiord C. Tree water uptake patterns across the globe. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38649790 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Plant water uptake from the soil is a crucial element of the global hydrological cycle and essential for vegetation drought resilience. Yet, knowledge of how the distribution of water uptake depth (WUD) varies across species, climates, and seasons is scarce relative to our knowledge of aboveground plant functions. With a global literature review, we found that average WUD varied more among biomes than plant functional types (i.e. deciduous/evergreen broadleaves and conifers), illustrating the importance of the hydroclimate, especially precipitation seasonality, on WUD. By combining records of rooting depth with WUD, we observed a consistently deeper maximum rooting depth than WUD with the largest differences in arid regions - indicating that deep taproots act as lifelines while not contributing to the majority of water uptake. The most ubiquitous observation across the literature was that woody plants switch water sources to soil layers with the highest water availability within short timescales. Hence, seasonal shifts to deep soil layers occur across the globe when shallow soils are drying out, allowing continued transpiration and hydraulic safety. While there are still significant gaps in our understanding of WUD, the consistency across global ecosystems allows integration of existing knowledge into the next generation of vegetation process models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bachofen
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Functional Plant Ecology, Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shersingh Joseph Tumber-Dávila
- Department of Environmental Studies, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, 01316, USA
| | - D Scott Mackay
- Department of Geography, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14261, USA
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Andrea Carminati
- Physics of Soils and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tamir Klein
- Plant & Environmental Sciences Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, 3013, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- ICREA at CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Functional Plant Ecology, Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Grossman JJ, Coe HB, Fey O, Fraser N, Salaam M, Semper C, Williamson CG. Temperate woody species across the angiosperm phylogeny acquire tolerance to water deficit stress during the growing season. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38511237 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the capacity of temperate trees to acclimate to limited soil water has become essential in the face of increasing drought risk due to climate change. We documented seasonal - or phenological - patterns in acclimation to water deficit stress in stems and leaves of tree species spanning the angiosperm phylogeny. Over 3 yr of field observations carried out in two US arboreta, we measured stem vulnerability to embolism (36 individuals of 7 Species) and turgor loss point (119 individuals of 27 species) over the growing season. We also conducted a growth chamber experiment on 20 individuals of one species to assess the mechanistic relationship between soil water restriction and acclimation. In three-quarters of species measured, plants became less vulnerable to embolism and/or loss of turgor over the growing season. We were able to stimulate this acclimatory effect by withholding water in the growth chamber experiment. Temperate angiosperms are capable of acclimation to soil water deficit stress, showing maximum vulnerability to soil water deficits following budbreak and becoming more resilient to damage over the course of the growing season or in response to simulated drought. The species-specific tempo and extent of this acclimatory potential constitutes preadaptive climate change resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake J Grossman
- Biology Department & Environmental Studies Department, St. Olaf College, 1520 St Olaf Ave, Northfield, MN, 55057, USA
| | - Henry B Coe
- Environmental Permitting and Planning Group, Hazen and Sawyer 498 Seventh Ave #11, New York, NY, 10018, USA
| | - Olivia Fey
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, 500 College Ave, Swarthmore, PA, 19081, USA
| | - Natalie Fraser
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, 500 College Ave, Swarthmore, PA, 19081, USA
| | - Musa Salaam
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University, 4940 Eastern Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Chelsea Semper
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 115 Green Hall, 1530 Cleveland Ave N, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Ceci G Williamson
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, 500 College Ave, Swarthmore, PA, 19081, USA
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8
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Liu C, Jia X, Bai X, Shao M. Analysis of soil water use by exotic and native vegetation in a semi-arid area and their associated interspecific competition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167066. [PMID: 37709068 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The exotic vegetation used in dryland vegetation restoration projects is characterized by its fast-growing and deep-rooted system, which enables it to expedite the restoration of ecosystem functions and enhance biodiversity. However, the interspecific relationship between exotic and native vegetation and soil water uptake in these restored ecosystems remains unclear, limiting our ability to evaluate the succession process and sustainability of restored ecosystems. In this study, stable isotope techniques and a proportional similarity index were used to investigate soil water use strategies and interspecific relationships between exotic and native vegetation. The results showed significant differences between the soil water use strategies of both exotic and native vegetation between seasons and species, where the proportions of deep soil water (30-100 cm) used by exotic shrubs (Caragana korshinskii) and exotic grass (Medicago sativa) were significantly higher than those used by the co-occurring native grass (Stipa bungeana) (p < 0.05). As soil water storage declined, exotic vegetation increased its utilization of deep soil water, whereas native grasses relied more on surface water (0-10 cm). This suggests that deep-rooted exotic vegetation has greater adaptability and access to water resources than shallow-rooted native vegetation. However, a prolonged decline in soil water storage led to increased competition for surface soil water (0-30 cm) between the exotic and native vegetation. This may increase the risk of degradation of exotic vegetation, particularly in situations with lower soil water content in the deep layers. Overall, this study highlights the variation in water-use strategies and interspecies relationships between exotic and native vegetation and their implications for ecosystem succession, which provides valuable insights for developing future vegetation restoration strategies and managing restored ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaoxu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Yellow River Delta Modern Agricultural Engineering Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xiao Bai
- College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Ming'an Shao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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9
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Laughlin DC, Siefert A, Fleri JR, Tumber-Dávila SJ, Hammond WM, Sabatini FM, Damasceno G, Aubin I, Field R, Hatim MZ, Jansen S, Lenoir J, Lens F, McCarthy JK, Niinemets Ü, Phillips OL, Attorre F, Bergeron Y, Bruun HH, Byun C, Ćušterevska R, Dengler J, De Sanctis M, Dolezal J, Jiménez-Alfaro B, Hérault B, Homeier J, Kattge J, Meir P, Mencuccini M, Noroozi J, Nowak A, Peñuelas J, Schmidt M, Škvorc Ž, Sultana F, Ugarte RM, Bruelheide H. Rooting depth and xylem vulnerability are independent woody plant traits jointly selected by aridity, seasonality, and water table depth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1774-1787. [PMID: 37743552 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary radiations of woody taxa within arid environments were made possible by multiple trait innovations including deep roots and embolism-resistant xylem, but little is known about how these traits have coevolved across the phylogeny of woody plants or how they jointly influence the distribution of species. We synthesized global trait and vegetation plot datasets to examine how rooting depth and xylem vulnerability across 188 woody plant species interact with aridity, precipitation seasonality, and water table depth to influence species occurrence probabilities across all biomes. Xylem resistance to embolism and rooting depth are independent woody plant traits that do not exhibit an interspecific trade-off. Resistant xylem and deep roots increase occurrence probabilities in arid, seasonal climates over deep water tables. Resistant xylem and shallow roots increase occurrence probabilities in arid, nonseasonal climates over deep water tables. Vulnerable xylem and deep roots increase occurrence probabilities in arid, nonseasonal climates over shallow water tables. Lastly, vulnerable xylem and shallow roots increase occurrence probabilities in humid climates. Each combination of trait values optimizes occurrence probabilities in unique environmental conditions. Responses of deeply rooted vegetation may be buffered if evaporative demand changes faster than water table depth under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Laughlin
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Andrew Siefert
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Jesse R Fleri
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | | | - William M Hammond
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Francesco Maria Sabatini
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Praha 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriella Damasceno
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology and Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
| | - Isabelle Aubin
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Richard Field
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Mohamed Z Hatim
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Environmental Sciences Department, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Tanta University, Tanta, 3527, Egypt
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Botany, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UMR CNRS 7058, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
| | - Frederic Lens
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ülo Niinemets
- Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51006, Estonia
| | | | - Fabio Attorre
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Yves Bergeron
- Institut de recherche sur les forêts Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 boul. de l'université, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec, J9X5E4, Canada
| | - Hans Henrik Bruun
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Chaeho Byun
- Department of Biological Science, Andong National University, Andong-si, 36729, South Korea
| | - Renata Ćušterevska
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, 1000, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Jürgen Dengler
- Vegetation Ecology Research Group, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences (IUNR), Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
- Plant Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Michele De Sanctis
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Jiri Dolezal
- Department of Functional Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Trebon, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Borja Jiménez-Alfaro
- Biodiversity Research Institute (Univ. Oviedo-CSIC-Princ. Asturias), Mieres, Asturias, Spain
| | - Bruno Hérault
- CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- Forêts et Sociétés, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Jürgen Homeier
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, 37073, Goettingen, Germany
- Resource Management, HAWK University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jens Kattge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- ICREA, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jalil Noroozi
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Universitiy of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arkadiusz Nowak
- Botanical Garden, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marco Schmidt
- Palmengarten der Stadt Frankfurt am Main, 60323, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Željko Škvorc
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fahmida Sultana
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Rosina Magaña Ugarte
- Botany Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology and Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
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10
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Zhang Y, Li C, Chiew FHS, Post DA, Zhang X, Ma N, Tian J, Kong D, Leung LR, Yu Q, Shi J, Liu C. Southern Hemisphere dominates recent decline in global water availability. Science 2023; 382:579-584. [PMID: 37917705 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh0716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Global land water underpins livelihoods, socioeconomic development, and ecosystems. It remains unclear how water availability has changed in recent decades. Using an ensemble of observations, we quantified global land water availability over the past two decades. We show that the Southern Hemisphere has dominated the declining trend in global water availability from 2001 to 2020. The significant decrease occurs mainly in South America, southwestern Africa, and northwestern Australia. In the Northern Hemisphere, the complex regional increasing and decreasing trends cancel each other, resulting in a negligible hemispheric trend. The variability and trend in water availability in the Southern Hemisphere are largely driven by precipitation associated with climate modes, particularly the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. This study highlights their dominant role in controlling global water availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Congcong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- CSIRO Environment, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | | | - David A Post
- CSIRO Environment, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xuanze Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dongdong Kong
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - L Ruby Leung
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jiancheng Shi
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Changming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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11
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Giardina F, Gentine P, Konings AG, Seneviratne SI, Stocker BD. Diagnosing evapotranspiration responses to water deficit across biomes using deep learning. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:968-983. [PMID: 37621238 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Accounting for water limitation is key to determining vegetation sensitivity to drought. Quantifying water limitation effects on evapotranspiration (ET) is challenged by the heterogeneity of vegetation types, climate zones and vertically along the rooting zone. Here, we train deep neural networks using flux measurements to study ET responses to progressing drought conditions. We determine a water stress factor (fET) that isolates ET reductions from effects of atmospheric aridity and other covarying drivers. We regress fET against the cumulative water deficit, which reveals the control of whole-column moisture availability. We find a variety of ET responses to water stress. Responses range from rapid declines of fET to 10% of its water-unlimited rate at several savannah and grassland sites, to mild fET reductions in most forests, despite substantial water deficits. Most sensitive responses are found at the most arid and warm sites. A combination of regulation of stomatal and hydraulic conductance and access to belowground water reservoirs, whether in groundwater or deep soil moisture, could explain the different behaviors observed across sites. This variety of responses is not captured by a standard land surface model, likely reflecting simplifications in its representation of belowground water storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Giardina
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, CH-8092, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, CH-8903, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Gentine
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Center for Learning the Earth with Artificial Intelligence and Physics (LEAP), Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Alexandra G Konings
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sonia I Seneviratne
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zürich, CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, CH-8092, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, CH-8903, Switzerland
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Falkenplatz 16, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
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12
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Gao X, An J, Yu C, Zha X, Tian Y. Dietary sources apportionment and health risk assessment for trace elements among residents of the Tethys-Himalayan tectonic domain in Tibet, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:8015-8030. [PMID: 37523030 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01706-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Dietary intake of toxic elements (TEs) and essential trace elements (ETEs) can significantly impact human health. This study collected 302 samples, including 78 food, 104 drinking water, 73 cultivated topsoil, and 47 sedimentary rock from a typical area of Tethys-Himalaya tectonic domain. These samples were used to calculate the average daily dose of oral intake (ADDoral) and assess the health risks of five TEs and five ETEs. The results indicate that grain and meat are the primary dietary sources of TEs and ETEs for local residents. The intake of manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) is mainly from local highland barley (66.90% and 60.32%, respectively), iron (Fe) is primarily from local grains (75.51%), and zinc (Zn) is mainly from local yak meat (60.03%). The ADDoral of arsenic (As), Mn, Fe and Zn were found to be higher than the maximum oral reference dose in all townships of study area, indicating non-carcinogenic health risks for local residents. Additionally, lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) in 36.36% townships, and Cu in 81.82% townships were above the maximum oral reference dose, while As posed a carcinogenic risk throughout the study area. The concentrations of As, mercury (Hg), Pb, Mn, Cu Fe and selenium (Se) in grains were significantly correlated with those in soils. Moreover, the average concentrations of As in Proterozoic, Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous was 43.09, 12.41, 15.86 and 6.22 times higher than those in the South Tibet shell, respectively. The high concentrations of TEs and ETEs in the stratum can lead to their enrichment in soils, which, in turn, can result in excessive intake by local residents through the food chain and biogeochemical cycles . To avoid the occurrence of some diseases caused by dietary intake, it is necessary to consume a variety of exotic foods, such as high-selenium foods, foreign rice and flour in order to improve the dietary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Jinzhu Str.130, Chengguan District, Lhasa, 850000, China
- Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jinzhu Str.130, Chengguan District, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Jialu An
- Xi'an University of Finance and Economics, Changning Str. 360, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Chengqun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Str. 11A, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xinjie Zha
- Xi'an University of Finance and Economics, Changning Str. 360, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Str. 11A, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
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13
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Kühnhammer K, van Haren J, Kübert A, Bailey K, Dubbert M, Hu J, Ladd SN, Meredith LK, Werner C, Beyer M. Deep roots mitigate drought impacts on tropical trees despite limited quantitative contribution to transpiration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 893:164763. [PMID: 37308023 PMCID: PMC10331952 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Deep rooting is considered a central drought-mitigation trait with vast impact on ecosystem water cycling. Despite its importance, little is known about the overall quantitative water use via deep roots and dynamic shifts of water uptake depths with changing ambient conditions. Knowledge is especially sparse for tropical trees. Therefore, we conducted a drought, deep soil water labeling and re-wetting experiment at Biosphere 2 Tropical Rainforest. We used in situ methods to determine water stable isotope values in soil and tree water in high temporal resolution. Complemented by soil and stem water content and sap flow measurements we determined percentages and quantities of deep-water in total root water uptake dynamics of different tree species. All canopy trees had access to deep-water (max. uptake depth 3.3 m), with contributions to transpiration ranging between 21 % and 90 % during drought, when surface soil water availability was limited. Our results suggest that deep soil is an essential water source for tropical trees that delays potentially detrimental drops in plant water potentials and stem water content when surface soil water is limited and could hence mitigate the impacts of increasing drought occurrence and intensity as a consequence of climate change. Quantitatively, however, the amount of deep-water uptake was low due to the trees' reduction of sap flow during drought. Total water uptake largely followed surface soil water availability and trees switched back their uptake depth dynamically, from deep to shallow soils, following rainfall. Total transpiration fluxes were hence largely driven by precipitation input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Kühnhammer
- IGOE, Environmental Geochemistry, TU Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19c, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Joost van Haren
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, 32540 S Biosphere Road, Oracle, AZ 85623, USA; Honors College, University of Arizona, 1101 E. Mabel St., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Angelika Kübert
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, Pietari Kalmin katu 5, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kinzie Bailey
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1064 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Maren Dubbert
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Isotope Biogeochemistry and Gasfluxes, ZALF, Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Jia Hu
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1064 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - S Nemiah Ladd
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 32, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura K Meredith
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, 32540 S Biosphere Road, Oracle, AZ 85623, USA; School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1064 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Christiane Werner
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Beyer
- IGOE, Environmental Geochemistry, TU Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19c, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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14
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Xie M, Zhan Z, Zhang C, Xu W, Zhang C, Chen Y, Dong Z, Wang Z. Programmable Microfluidics Enabled by 3D Printed Bionic Janus Porous Matrics for Microfluidic Logic Chips. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300047. [PMID: 37127869 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Numerous structures have been functionally optimized for directional liquid transport in nature. Inspired by lush trees' xylem that enable liquid directional transportation from rhizomes to the tip of trees, a new kind of programmable microfluidic porous matrices using projection micro-stereolithography (PµSL) based 3D printing technique is fabricated. Structural matrices with internal superhydrophilicity and external hydrophobicity are assembled for ultra-fast liquid rising enabled by capillary force. Moreover, the unidirectional microfluidic performance of the bionic porous matrices can be theoretically optimized by adjusting its geometric parameters. Most significantly, the successive programmable flow of liquid in a preferred direction inside the bionic porous matrices with tailored wettability is achieved, validating by a precisely printed liquid displayer and a microfluidic logic chip. The programmable and functional microfluidic matrices promise applications of patterned liquid flow, displayer, logic chip, cell screening, gas-liquid separation, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Xie
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Low-Carbon Technology and Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ziheng Zhan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Low-Carbon Technology and Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Chengqi Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wanqing Xu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Low-Carbon Technology and Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, 100094, P. R. China
| | - Yongping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interface Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhaolong Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Low-Carbon Technology and Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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15
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Feldman AF, Zhang Z, Yoshida Y, Gentine P, Chatterjee A, Entekhabi D, Joiner J, Poulter B. A multi-satellite framework to rapidly evaluate extreme biosphere cascades: The Western US 2021 drought and heatwave. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3634-3651. [PMID: 37070967 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing frequency and intensity of climate extremes and complex ecosystem responses motivate the need for integrated observational studies at low latency to determine biosphere responses and carbon-climate feedbacks. Here, we develop a satellite-based rapid attribution workflow and demonstrate its use at a 1-2-month latency to attribute drivers of the carbon cycle feedbacks during the 2020-2021 Western US drought and heatwave. In the first half of 2021, concurrent negative photosynthesis anomalies and large positive column CO2 anomalies were detected with satellites. Using a simple atmospheric mass balance approach, we estimate a surface carbon efflux anomaly of 132 TgC in June 2021, a magnitude corroborated independently with a dynamic global vegetation model. Integrated satellite observations of hydrologic processes, representing the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC), show that these surface carbon flux anomalies are largely due to substantial reductions in photosynthesis because of a spatially widespread moisture-deficit propagation through the SPAC between 2020 and 2021. A causal model indicates deep soil moisture stores partially drove photosynthesis, maintaining its values in 2020 and driving its declines throughout 2021. The causal model also suggests legacy effects may have amplified photosynthesis deficits in 2021 beyond the direct effects of environmental forcing. The integrated, observation framework presented here provides a valuable first assessment of a biosphere extreme response and an independent testbed for improving drought propagation and mechanisms in models. The rapid identification of extreme carbon anomalies and hotspots can also aid mitigation and adaptation decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Feldman
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Yasuko Yoshida
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc. (SSAI), Lanham, Maryland, USA
| | - Pierre Gentine
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Abhishek Chatterjee
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Dara Entekhabi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joanna Joiner
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
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16
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dos Santos P, Brilhante MÂ, Messerschmid TFE, Serrano HC, Kadereit G, Branquinho C, de Vos JM. Plant growth forms dictate adaptations to the local climate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1023595. [PMID: 36479511 PMCID: PMC9720395 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1023595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive radiation is a significant driver of biodiversity. Primarily studied in animal systems, mechanisms that trigger adaptive radiations remain poorly understood in plants. A frequently claimed indicator of adaptive radiation in plants is growth form diversity when tied to the occupation of different habitats. However, it remains obscure whether morphological adaptations manifest as growth form diversity per se or as its constituent traits. We use the classic Aeonium radiation from the Canary Islands to ask whether adaptation across climatic space is structured by growth form evolution. Using morphological sampling with site-associated climate in a phylogenetic context, we find that growth forms dictate adaptations to the local environment. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the response of specific traits to analogous environments is antagonistic when growth forms are different. This finding suggests for the first time that growth forms represent particular ecological functions, allowing the co-occurrence of closely related species, being a product of divergent selection during evolution in sympatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia dos Santos
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Environmental Sciences – Botany, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Ângelo Brilhante
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Thibaud F. E. Messerschmid
- Botanischer Garten München-Nymphenburg und Botanischen Staatssammlung, Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns, Munich, Germany
- Prinzessin Therese von Bayern Lehrstuhl für Systematik, Biodiversität & Evolution der Pflanzen, Ludwig-Maximilans-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Helena Cristina Serrano
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gudrun Kadereit
- Botanischer Garten München-Nymphenburg und Botanischen Staatssammlung, Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns, Munich, Germany
- Prinzessin Therese von Bayern Lehrstuhl für Systematik, Biodiversität & Evolution der Pflanzen, Ludwig-Maximilans-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jurriaan M. de Vos
- Department of Environmental Sciences – Botany, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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17
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Hu R, Wang Y, Chang J, Istanbulluoglu E, Guo A, Meng X, Li Z, He B, Zhao Y. Coupling water cycle processes with water demand routes of vegetation using a cascade causal modeling approach in arid inland basins. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 840:156492. [PMID: 35667434 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Vegetation degradation is the key cause of land desertification in arid areas. Water stress is one of the most critical factors leading to vegetation degradation. The water needed for vegetation growth is inseparable from the water cycle processes. It is a new scope to reveal the vegetation water demand mechanisms from the water cycle processes. Water cycle processes in arid inland basins can be conceptually separated as RFA (runoff formation area) and RCA (runoff consumption area). In this study, both the water demand mechanisms of natural vegetation and farmland were discovered by creatively constructing the vegetation water demand route model. The TRB (Tarim River Basin), a typical arid inland basin system that RFA is separated from RCA, is considered as the study area. The tendency and relevance of water cycle factors and NDVI were detected. The dominant factors of vegetation growth were identified. According to the interaction causality of water cycle factors and vegetation, the PLS-SEM (partial least squares structural equation models) were constructed in RFA and RCA. Results displayed that SMroot (root-zone soil moisture), groundwater and precipitation were the dominant water sources for natural vegetation in RFA. The water demand for natural vegetation in RCA mainly came from SMroot and that for farmland mainly came from SMsurf (surface soil moisture). New findings showed that blue and green water circulations were more active in RFA than in RCA. Natural vegetation had better adaptability and resilience to water shortages compared with farmland. The higher effect of vegetation on AET (actual evapotranspiration) denoted the better growth status. It is contributed to the rational utilization of water resources in arid basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Yimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China.
| | - Jianxia Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China.
| | | | - Aijun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Xuejiao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Zhehao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Bing He
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Yuexin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
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18
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Küçük Ç, Koirala S, Carvalhais N, Miralles DG, Reichstein M, Jung M. Observation-based assessment of secondary water effects on seasonal vegetation decay across Africa. Front Big Data 2022; 5:967477. [PMID: 36156935 PMCID: PMC9500241 DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2022.967477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Local studies and modeling experiments suggest that shallow groundwater and lateral redistribution of soil moisture, together with soil properties, can be highly important secondary water sources for vegetation in water-limited ecosystems. However, there is a lack of observation-based studies of these terrain-associated secondary water effects on vegetation over large spatial domains. Here, we quantify the role of terrain properties on the spatial variations of dry season vegetation decay rate across Africa obtained from geostationary satellite acquisitions to assess the large-scale relevance of secondary water effects. We use machine learning based attribution to identify where and under which conditions terrain properties related to topography, water table depth, and soil hydraulic properties influence the rate of vegetation decay. Over the study domain, the machine learning model attributes about one-third of the spatial variations of vegetation decay rates to terrain properties, which is roughly equally split between direct terrain effects and interaction effects with climate and vegetation variables. The importance of secondary water effects increases with increasing topographic variability, shallower groundwater levels, and the propensity to capillary rise given by soil properties. In regions with favorable terrain properties, more than 60% of the variations in the decay rate of vegetation are attributed to terrain properties, highlighting the importance of secondary water effects on vegetation in Africa. Our findings provide an empirical assessment of the importance of local-scale secondary water effects on vegetation over Africa and help to improve hydrological and vegetation models for the challenge of bridging processes across spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağlar Küçük
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Çağlar Küçük
| | - Sujan Koirala
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Nuno Carvalhais
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research (CENSE), Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Diego G. Miralles
- Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Markus Reichstein
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Jung
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
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19
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Flores BM, Staal A. Feedback in tropical forests of the Anthropocene. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5041-5061. [PMID: 35770837 PMCID: PMC9542052 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests are complex systems containing myriad interactions and feedbacks with their biotic and abiotic environments, but as the world changes fast, the future of these ecosystems becomes increasingly uncertain. In particular, global stressors may unbalance the feedbacks that stabilize tropical forests, allowing other feedbacks to propel undesired changes in the whole ecosystem. Here, we review the scientific literature across various fields, compiling known interactions of tropical forests with their environment, including the global climate, rainfall, aerosols, fire, soils, fauna, and human activities. We identify 170 individual interactions among 32 elements that we present as a global tropical forest network, including countless feedback loops that may emerge from different combinations of interactions. We illustrate our findings with three cases involving urgent sustainability issues: (1) wildfires in wetlands of South America; (2) forest encroachment in African savanna landscapes; and (3) synergistic threats to the peatland forests of Borneo. Our findings reveal an unexplored world of feedbacks that shape the dynamics of tropical forests. The interactions and feedbacks identified here can guide future qualitative and quantitative research on the complexities of tropical forests, allowing societies to manage the nonlinear responses of these ecosystems in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo M. Flores
- Graduate Program in EcologyFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianopolisBrazil
| | - Arie Staal
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable DevelopmentUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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20
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Impact of Snowpack on the Land Surface Phenology in the Tianshan Mountains, Central Asia. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14143462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation and ablation processes of seasonal snow significantly affect the land surface phenology in a mountainous ecosystem. However, the ability of snow to regulate the alpine land surface phenology in the arid regions is not well described in the context of climate change. The impact of snowpack changes on land surface phenology and its driving factors were investigated in the Tianshan Mountains using the land surface phenology metrics derived from satellited products and a snow dataset from downscaled regional climate model simulations covering the period from 1983 to 2015. The results demonstrated that the annual mean start of growing season (SOS) and length of growing season (LOS) experienced a significant (p < 0.05) decrease and increase with a rate of −2.45 days/decade and 2.98 days/decade, respectively. The significantly advanced SOS and increased LOS were mainly seen in the Western Tianshan Mountains and Ili Valley regions with elevations from 2500 to 3500 m a.s.l and below 3000 m a.s.l, respectively. During the early spring, the significant decline in snow cover fraction (SCF) could advance the SOS. In contrast, snowmelt amount and annual maximum snow water equivalent (SWE) have an almost equally substantial positive correlation with annual maximum vegetation greenness. In particular, the SOS of grassland was the most sensitive to variations of snow cover fraction during early spring than that of other vegetation types, and their strong relationship was mainly located at elevations from 1500 to 2500 m a.s.l. Its greenness was significantly controlled by the annual maximum snow water equivalent in all elevation bands. Both decreased SCF and increased temperature in the early spring caused a significant advance of the SOS, consequently prolonging the LOS. Meanwhile, more SWE and snowmelt amount could significantly promote vegetation greenness by regulating the soil moisture. The results can improve the understanding of the snow ecosystem services in the alpine regions under climate change.
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21
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Widespread increasing vegetation sensitivity to soil moisture. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3959. [PMID: 35803919 PMCID: PMC9270344 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Global vegetation and associated ecosystem services critically depend on soil moisture availability which has decreased in many regions during the last three decades. While spatial patterns of vegetation sensitivity to global soil water have been recently investigated, long-term changes in vegetation sensitivity to soil water availability are still unclear. Here we assess global vegetation sensitivity to soil moisture during 1982-2017 by applying explainable machine learning with observation-based leaf area index (LAI) and hydro-climate anomaly data. We show that LAI sensitivity to soil moisture significantly increases in many semi-arid and arid regions. LAI sensitivity trends are associated with multiple hydro-climate and ecological variables, and strongest increasing trends occur in the most water-sensitive regions which additionally experience declining precipitation. State-of-the-art land surface models do not reproduce this increasing sensitivity as they misrepresent water-sensitive regions and sensitivity strength. Our sensitivity results imply an increasing ecosystem vulnerability to water availability which can lead to exacerbated reductions in vegetation carbon uptake under future intensified drought, consequently amplifying climate change.
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22
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Pérez‐Ruiz ER, Vivoni ER, Sala OE. Seasonal carryover of water and effects on carbon dynamics in a dryland ecosystem. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eli R. Pérez‐Ruiz
- School of Earth and Space Exploration Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez Ciudad Juárez Mexico
| | - Enrique R. Vivoni
- School of Earth and Space Exploration Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Osvaldo E. Sala
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
- School of Sustainability Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
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