1
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Guo J, Zhou YL, Yang Y, Guo S, You E, Xie X, Jiang Y, Mao C, Xu HE, Zhang Y. Structural basis of tethered agonism and G protein coupling of protease-activated receptors. Cell Res 2024:10.1038/s41422-024-00997-2. [PMID: 38997424 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-024-00997-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are a unique group within the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily, orchestrating cellular responses to extracellular proteases via enzymatic cleavage, which triggers intracellular signaling pathways. Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is a key member of this family and is recognized as a critical pharmacological target for managing thrombotic disorders. In this study, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of PAR1 in its activated state, induced by its natural tethered agonist (TA), in complex with two distinct downstream proteins, the Gq and Gi heterotrimers, respectively. The TA peptide is positioned within a surface pocket, prompting PAR1 activation through notable conformational shifts. Contrary to the typical receptor activation that involves the outward movement of transmembrane helix 6 (TM6), PAR1 activation is characterized by the simultaneous downward shift of TM6 and TM7, coupled with the rotation of a group of aromatic residues. This results in the displacement of an intracellular anion, creating space for downstream G protein binding. Our findings delineate the TA recognition pattern and highlight a distinct role of the second extracellular loop in forming β-sheets with TA within the PAR family, a feature not observed in other TA-activated receptors. Moreover, the nuanced differences in the interactions between intracellular loops 2/3 and the Gα subunit of different G proteins are crucial for determining the specificity of G protein coupling. These insights contribute to our understanding of the ligand binding and activation mechanisms of PARs, illuminating the basis for PAR1's versatility in G protein coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Structural Pharmacology and Therapeutics Development, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Li Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yixin Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shimeng Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Erli You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyou Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Center for Structural Pharmacology and Therapeutics Development, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - H Eric Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Center for Structural Pharmacology and Therapeutics Development, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Shihoya W, Iwama A, Sano FK, Nureki O. Cryo-EM advances in GPCR structure determination. J Biochem 2024; 176:1-10. [PMID: 38498911 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a prominent superfamily in humans and are categorized into six classes (A-F) that play indispensable roles in cellular communication and therapeutics. Nonetheless, their structural comprehension has been limited by challenges in high-resolution data acquisition. This review highlights the transformative impact of cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) on the structural determinations of GPCR-G-protein complexes. Specific technologies, such as nanobodies and mini-G-proteins, stabilize complexes and facilitate structural determination. We discuss the structural alterations upon receptor activation in different GPCR classes, revealing their diverse mechanisms. This review highlights the robust foundation for comprehending GPCR function and pave the way for future breakthroughs in drug discovery and therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Shihoya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Aika Iwama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Fumiya K Sano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Osamu Nureki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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3
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Stephan G, Haddock S, Wang S, Erdjument-Bromage H, Liu W, Ravn-Boess N, Frenster JD, Bready D, Cai J, Ronnen R, Sabio-Ortiz J, Fenyo D, Neubert TA, Placantonakis DG. Modulation of GPR133 (ADGRD1) signaling by its intracellular interaction partner extended synaptotagmin 1. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114229. [PMID: 38758649 PMCID: PMC11209873 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
GPR133 (ADGRD1) is an adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor that signals through Gαs/cyclic AMP (cAMP) and is required for the growth of glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive brain malignancy. The regulation of GPR133 signaling is incompletely understood. Here, we use proximity biotinylation proteomics to identify ESYT1, a Ca2+-dependent mediator of endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane bridge formation, as an intracellular interactor of GPR133. ESYT1 knockdown or knockout increases GPR133 signaling, while its overexpression has the opposite effect, without altering GPR133 levels in the plasma membrane. The GPR133-ESYT1 interaction requires the Ca2+-sensing C2C domain of ESYT1. Thapsigargin-mediated increases in cytosolic Ca2+ relieve signaling-suppressive effects of ESYT1 by promoting ESYT1-GPR133 dissociation. ESYT1 knockdown or knockout in GBM slows tumor growth, suggesting tumorigenic functions of ESYT1. Our findings demonstrate a mechanism for the modulation of GPR133 signaling by increased cytosolic Ca2+, which reduces the signaling-suppressive interaction between GPR133 and ESYT1 to raise cAMP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Stephan
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara Haddock
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hediye Erdjument-Bromage
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Wenke Liu
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Niklas Ravn-Boess
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua D Frenster
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Devin Bready
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Ronnen
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - David Fenyo
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Thomas A Neubert
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dimitris G Placantonakis
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Brain and Spine Tumor Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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4
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Zuo H, Park J, Frangaj A, Ye J, Lu G, Manning JJ, Asher WB, Lu Z, Hu GB, Wang L, Mendez J, Eng E, Zhang Z, Lin X, Grassucci R, Hendrickson WA, Clarke OB, Javitch JA, Conigrave AD, Fan QR. Promiscuous G-protein activation by the calcium-sensing receptor. Nature 2024; 629:481-488. [PMID: 38632411 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The human calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) detects fluctuations in the extracellular Ca2+ concentration and maintains Ca2+ homeostasis1,2. It also mediates diverse cellular processes not associated with Ca2+ balance3-5. The functional pleiotropy of CaSR arises in part from its ability to signal through several G-protein subtypes6. We determined structures of CaSR in complex with G proteins from three different subfamilies: Gq, Gi and Gs. We found that the homodimeric CaSR of each complex couples to a single G protein through a common mode. This involves the C-terminal helix of each Gα subunit binding to a shallow pocket that is formed in one CaSR subunit by all three intracellular loops (ICL1-ICL3), an extended transmembrane helix 3 and an ordered C-terminal region. G-protein binding expands the transmembrane dimer interface, which is further stabilized by phospholipid. The restraint imposed by the receptor dimer, in combination with ICL2, enables G-protein activation by facilitating conformational transition of Gα. We identified a single Gα residue that determines Gq and Gs versus Gi selectivity. The length and flexibility of ICL2 allows CaSR to bind all three Gα subtypes, thereby conferring capacity for promiscuous G-protein coupling.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Calcium/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/chemistry
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11/chemistry
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/chemistry
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Binding
- Protein Multimerization
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/metabolism
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/chemistry
- Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry
- Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Substrate Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zuo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinseo Park
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aurel Frangaj
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jianxiang Ye
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guanqi Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jamie J Manning
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wesley B Asher
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhengyuan Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guo-Bin Hu
- Laboratory for BioMolecular Structure, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Liguo Wang
- Laboratory for BioMolecular Structure, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Mendez
- National Center for Cryo-EM Access and Training, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward Eng
- National Center for Cryo-EM Access and Training, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhening Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Grassucci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wayne A Hendrickson
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oliver B Clarke
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Arthur D Conigrave
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Qing R Fan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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5
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Dates AN, Jones DTD, Smith JS, Skiba MA, Rich MF, Burruss MM, Kruse AC, Blacklow SC. Heterogeneity of tethered agonist signaling in adhesion G protein-coupled receptors. Cell Chem Biol 2024:S2451-9456(24)00120-X. [PMID: 38608683 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (aGPCR) signaling influences development and homeostasis in a wide range of tissues. In the current model for aGPCR signaling, ligand binding liberates a conserved sequence that acts as an intramolecular, tethered agonist (TA), yet this model has not been evaluated systematically for all aGPCRs. Here, we assessed the TA-dependent activities of all 33 aGPCRs in a suite of transcriptional reporter, G protein activation, and β-arrestin recruitment assays using a new fusion protein platform. Strikingly, only ∼50% of aGPCRs exhibited robust TA-dependent activation, and unlike other GPCR families, aGPCRs showed a notable preference for G12/13 signaling. AlphaFold2 predictions assessing TA engagement in the predicted intramolecular binding pocket aligned with the TA dependence of the cellular responses. This dataset provides a comprehensive resource to inform the investigation of all human aGPCRs and for targeting aGPCRs therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Dates
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel T D Jones
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Smith
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Meredith A Skiba
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria F Rich
- University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Maggie M Burruss
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew C Kruse
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen C Blacklow
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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6
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Shin J, Park J, Jeong J, Lam JH, Qiu X, Wu D, Kim K, Lee JY, Robinson CV, Hyun J, Katritch V, Kim KP, Cho Y. Constitutive activation mechanism of a class C GPCR. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024; 31:678-687. [PMID: 38332368 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Class C G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are activated through binding of agonists to the large extracellular domain (ECD) followed by rearrangement of the transmembrane domains (TMDs). GPR156, a class C orphan GPCR, is unique because it lacks an ECD and exhibits constitutive activity. Impaired GPR156-Gi signaling contributes to loss of hearing. Here we present the cryo-electron microscopy structures of human GPR156 in the Go-free and Go-coupled states. We found that an endogenous phospholipid molecule is located within each TMD of the GPR156 dimer. Asymmetric binding of Gα to the phospholipid-bound GPR156 dimer restructures the first and second intracellular loops and the carboxy-terminal part of the elongated transmembrane 7 (TM7) without altering dimer conformation. Our findings reveal that GPR156 is a transducer for phospholipid signaling. Constant binding of abundant phospholipid molecules and the G-protein-induced reshaping of the cytoplasmic face provide a basis for the constitutive activation of GPR156.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Shin
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyeon Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Jeong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jordy Homing Lam
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bridge Institute and Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xingyu Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kuglae Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Lee
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Carol V Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jaekyung Hyun
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bridge Institute and Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for New Technologies in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunje Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Kordon SP, Cechova K, Bandekar SJ, Leon K, Dutka P, Siffer G, Kossiakoff AA, Vafabakhsh R, Araç D. Structural analysis and conformational dynamics of a holo-adhesion GPCR reveal interplay between extracellular and transmembrane domains. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.25.581807. [PMID: 38464178 PMCID: PMC10925191 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.25.581807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptors (aGPCRs) are key cell-adhesion molecules involved in numerous physiological functions. aGPCRs have large multi-domain extracellular regions (ECR) containing a conserved GAIN domain that precedes their seven-pass transmembrane domain (7TM). Ligand binding and mechanical force applied on the ECR regulate receptor function. However, how the ECR communicates with the 7TM remains elusive, because the relative orientation and dynamics of the ECR and 7TM within a holoreceptor is unclear. Here, we describe the cryo-EM reconstruction of an aGPCR, Latrophilin3/ADGRL3, and reveal that the GAIN domain adopts a parallel orientation to the membrane and has constrained movement. Single-molecule FRET experiments unveil three slow-exchanging FRET states of the ECR relative to the 7TM within the holoreceptor. GAIN-targeted antibodies, and cancer-associated mutations at the GAIN-7TM interface, alter FRET states, cryo-EM conformations, and receptor signaling. Altogether, this data demonstrates conformational and functional coupling between the ECR and 7TM, suggesting an ECR-mediated mechanism of aGPCR activation.
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8
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Scharf MM, Humphrys LJ, Berndt S, Di Pizio A, Lehmann J, Liebscher I, Nicoli A, Niv MY, Peri L, Schihada H, Schulte G. The dark sides of the GPCR tree - research progress on understudied GPCRs. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38339984 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A large portion of the human GPCRome is still in the dark and understudied, consisting even of entire subfamilies of GPCRs such as odorant receptors, class A and C orphans, adhesion GPCRs, Frizzleds and taste receptors. However, it is undeniable that these GPCRs bring an untapped therapeutic potential that should be explored further. Open questions on these GPCRs span diverse topics such as deorphanisation, the development of tool compounds and tools for studying these GPCRs, as well as understanding basic signalling mechanisms. This review gives an overview of the current state of knowledge for each of the diverse subfamilies of understudied receptors regarding their physiological relevance, molecular mechanisms, endogenous ligands and pharmacological tools. Furthermore, it identifies some of the largest knowledge gaps that should be addressed in the foreseeable future and lists some general strategies that might be helpful in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M Scharf
- Karolinska Institutet, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Sec. Receptor Biology & Signaling, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura J Humphrys
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Berndt
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute for Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antonella Di Pizio
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chemoinformatics and Protein Modelling, Department of Molecular Life Science, School of Life Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Juliane Lehmann
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute for Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Liebscher
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute for Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alessandro Nicoli
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chemoinformatics and Protein Modelling, Department of Molecular Life Science, School of Life Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Masha Y Niv
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lior Peri
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hannes Schihada
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schulte
- Karolinska Institutet, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Sec. Receptor Biology & Signaling, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Mao C, Zhao RJ, Dong YJ, Gao M, Chen LN, Zhang C, Xiao P, Guo J, Qin J, Shen DD, Ji SY, Zang SK, Zhang H, Wang WW, Shen Q, Sun JP, Zhang Y. Conformational transitions and activation of the adhesion receptor CD97. Mol Cell 2024; 84:570-583.e7. [PMID: 38215752 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are evolutionarily ancient receptors involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Modulators of aGPCR, particularly antagonists, hold therapeutic promise for diseases like cancer and immune and neurological disorders. Hindered by the inactive state structural information, our understanding of antagonist development and aGPCR activation faces challenges. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of human CD97, a prototypical aGPCR that plays crucial roles in immune system, in its inactive apo and G13-bound fully active states. Compared with other family GPCRs, CD97 adopts a compact inactive conformation with a constrained ligand pocket. Activation induces significant conformational changes for both extracellular and intracellular sides, creating larger cavities for Stachel sequence binding and G13 engagement. Integrated with functional and metadynamics analyses, our study provides significant mechanistic insights into the activation and signaling of aGPCRs, paving the way for future drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyou Mao
- Center for Structural Pharmacology and Therapeutics Development, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China.
| | - Ru-Jia Zhao
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ying-Jun Dong
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingxin Gao
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Li-Nan Chen
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jiao Qin
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Dan-Dan Shen
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Su-Yu Ji
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shao-Kun Zang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huibing Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qingya Shen
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Structural Pharmacology and Therapeutics Development, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China; Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China; MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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10
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Guo Q, He B, Zhong Y, Jiao H, Ren Y, Wang Q, Ge Q, Gao Y, Liu X, Du Y, Hu H, Tao Y. A method for structure determination of GPCRs in various states. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:74-82. [PMID: 37580554 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01389-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a class of integral membrane proteins that detect environmental cues and trigger cellular responses. Deciphering the functional states of GPCRs induced by various ligands has been one of the primary goals in the field. Here we developed an effective universal method for GPCR cryo-electron microscopy structure determination without the need to prepare GPCR-signaling protein complexes. Using this method, we successfully solved the structures of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) bound to antagonistic and agonistic ligands and the adhesion GPCR ADGRL3 in the apo state. For β2AR, an intermediate state stabilized by the partial agonist was captured. For ADGRL3, the structure revealed that inactive ADGRL3 adopts a compact fold and that large unusual conformational changes on both the extracellular and intracellular sides are required for activation of adhesion GPCRs. We anticipate that this method will open a new avenue for understanding GPCR structure‒function relationships and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Center for Cross-Disciplinary Sciences, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Binbin He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Center for Cross-Disciplinary Sciences, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yixuan Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Center for Cross-Disciplinary Sciences, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Haizhan Jiao
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinhang Ren
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinggong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Center for Cross-Disciplinary Sciences, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qiangqiang Ge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Center for Cross-Disciplinary Sciences, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yongxiang Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Center for Cross-Disciplinary Sciences, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Du
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongli Hu
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yuyong Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Center for Cross-Disciplinary Sciences, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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11
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Cheng L, Xia F, Li Z, Shen C, Yang Z, Hou H, Sun S, Feng Y, Yong X, Tian X, Qin H, Yan W, Shao Z. Structure, function and drug discovery of GPCR signaling. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:46. [PMID: 38047990 PMCID: PMC10695916 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00156-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are versatile and vital proteins involved in a wide array of physiological processes and responses, such as sensory perception (e.g., vision, taste, and smell), immune response, hormone regulation, and neurotransmission. Their diverse and essential roles in the body make them a significant focus for pharmaceutical research and drug development. Currently, approximately 35% of marketed drugs directly target GPCRs, underscoring their prominence as therapeutic targets. Recent advances in structural biology have substantially deepened our understanding of GPCR activation mechanisms and interactions with G-protein and arrestin signaling pathways. This review offers an in-depth exploration of both traditional and recent methods in GPCR structure analysis. It presents structure-based insights into ligand recognition and receptor activation mechanisms and delves deeper into the mechanisms of canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways downstream of GPCRs. Furthermore, it highlights recent advancements in GPCR-related drug discovery and development. Particular emphasis is placed on GPCR selective drugs, allosteric and biased signaling, polyphamarcology, and antibody drugs. Our goal is to provide researchers with a thorough and updated understanding of GPCR structure determination, signaling pathway investigation, and drug development. This foundation aims to propel forward-thinking therapeutic approaches that target GPCRs, drawing upon the latest insights into GPCR ligand selectivity, activation, and biased signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ziyan Li
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenglong Shen
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqian Yang
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanlin Hou
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Suyue Sun
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuying Feng
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xihao Yong
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaowen Tian
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongxi Qin
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhenhua Shao
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Frontiers Medical Center, Chengdu, 610212, China.
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12
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Wang N, Qian Y, Xia R, Zhu X, Xiong Y, Zhang A, Guo C, He Y. Structural basis of CD97 activation and G-protein coupling. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1343-1353.e5. [PMID: 37673067 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
CD97 (ADGRE5) is an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (aGPCR) which plays crucial roles in immune system and cancer. However, the mechanism of CD97 activation and the determinant of G13 coupling selectivity remain unknown. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy structures of human CD97 in complex with G13, Gq, and Gs. Our structures reveal the stalk peptide recognition mode of CD97, adding missing information of the current tethered-peptide activation model of aGPCRs. For instance, a revised "FXφφφ" motif and a framework of conserved aromatic residues in the ligand-binding pocket. Importantly, structural comparisons of G13, Gq, and Gs engagements of CD97 reveal key determinants of G13 coupling selectivity, where a deep insertion of the α helix 5 and a closer contact with the transmembrane helix 6, 5, and 3 dictate coupling preferences. Taken together, our structural study of CD97 provides a framework for understanding CD97 signaling and the G13 coupling selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ruixue Xia
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xinyan Zhu
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yangjie Xiong
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Anqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Changyou Guo
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yuanzheng He
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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13
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Kleinau G, Ali AH, Wiechert F, Szczepek M, Schmidt A, Spahn CMT, Liebscher I, Schöneberg T, Scheerer P. Intramolecular activity regulation of adhesion GPCRs in light of recent structural and evolutionary information. Pharmacol Res 2023; 197:106971. [PMID: 38032292 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The class B2 of GPCRs known as adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) has come under increasing academic and nonacademic research focus over the past decade due to their physiological importance as mechano-sensors in cell-cell and cell-matrix contexts. A major advance in understanding signal transduction of aGPCRs was achieved by the identification of the so-called Stachel sequence, which acts as an intramolecular agonist at the interface between the N terminus (Nt) and the seven-transmembrane helix domain (7TMD). Distinct extracellular signals received by the Nt are integrated at the Stachel into structural changes of the 7TMD towards an active state conformation. Until recently, little information was available on how the activation process of aGPCRs is realized at the molecular level. In the past three years several structures of the 7TMD plus the Stachel in complex with G proteins have been determined, which provide new insights into the architecture and molecular function of this receptor class. Herein, we review this structural information to extract common and distinct aGPCR features with particular focus on the Stachel binding site within the 7TMD. Our analysis extends the current view of aGPCR activation and exposes similarities and differences not only between diverse aGPCR members, but also compared to other GPCR classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Kleinau
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Group Structural Biology of Cellular Signaling, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Amal Hassan Ali
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Group Structural Biology of Cellular Signaling, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Wiechert
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michal Szczepek
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Group Structural Biology of Cellular Signaling, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Schmidt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Group Structural Biology of Cellular Signaling, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian M T Spahn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ines Liebscher
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; School of Medicine, University of Global Health Equity (UGHE), Kigali, Rwanda.
| | - Patrick Scheerer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Group Structural Biology of Cellular Signaling, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Fu C, Huang W, Tang Q, Niu M, Guo S, Langenhan T, Song G, Yan J. Unveiling Mechanical Activation: GAIN Domain Unfolding and Dissociation in Adhesion GPCRs. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9179-9186. [PMID: 37831892 PMCID: PMC10607210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) have extracellular regions (ECRs) containing GPCR autoproteolysis-inducing (GAIN) domains. The GAIN domain enables the ECR to self-cleave into N- and C-terminal fragments. However, the impact of force on the GAIN domain's conformation, critical for mechanosensitive aGPCR activation, remains unclear. Our study investigated the mechanical stability of GAIN domains in three aGPCRs (B, G, and L subfamilies) at a loading rate of 1 pN/s. We discovered that forces of a few piconewtons can destabilize the GAIN domains. In autocleaved aGPCRs ADGRG1/GPR56 and ADGRL1/LPHN1, these forces cause the GAIN domain detachment from the membrane-proximal Stachel sequence, preceded by partial unfolding. In noncleavable aGPCR ADGRB3/BAI3 and cleavage-deficient mutant ADGRG1/GPR56-T383G, complex mechanical unfolding of the GAIN domain occurs. Additionally, GAIN domain detachment happens during cell migration. Our findings support the mechanical activation hypothesis of aGPCRs, emphasizing the sensitivity of the GAIN domain structure and detachment to physiological force ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyu Fu
- Department
of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
- Mechanobiology
Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Wenmao Huang
- Department
of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
- Mechanobiology
Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Qingnan Tang
- Department
of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Minghui Niu
- School
of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shiwen Guo
- Mechanobiology
Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Tobias Langenhan
- Rudolf
Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General
Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Gaojie Song
- School
of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department
of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
- Mechanobiology
Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Centre
for Bioimaging Sciences, National University
of Singapore, Singapore 117557, Singapore
- Joint
School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University,
International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
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15
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Brogan AP, Habib C, Hobbs SJ, Kranzusch PJ, Rudner DZ. Bacterial SEAL domains undergo autoproteolysis and function in regulated intramembrane proteolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2310862120. [PMID: 37756332 PMCID: PMC10556640 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310862120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-positive bacteria use SigI/RsgI-family sigma factor/anti-sigma factor pairs to sense and respond to cell wall defects and plant polysaccharides. In Bacillus subtilis, this signal transduction pathway involves regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) of the membrane-anchored anti-sigma factor RsgI. However, unlike most RIP signaling pathways, site-1 cleavage of RsgI on the extracytoplasmic side of the membrane is constitutive and the cleavage products remain stably associated, preventing intramembrane proteolysis. The regulated step in this pathway is their dissociation, which is hypothesized to involve mechanical force. Release of the ectodomain enables intramembrane cleavage by the RasP site-2 protease and activation of SigI. The constitutive site-1 protease has not been identified for any RsgI homolog. Here, we report that RsgI's extracytoplasmic domain has structural and functional similarities to eukaryotic SEA domains that undergo autoproteolysis and have been implicated in mechanotransduction. We show that site-1 proteolysis in B. subtilis and Clostridial RsgI family members is mediated by enzyme-independent autoproteolysis of these SEA-like domains. Importantly, the site of proteolysis enables retention of the ectodomain through an undisrupted β-sheet that spans the two cleavage products. Autoproteolysis can be abrogated by relief of conformational strain in the scissile loop, in a mechanism analogous to eukaryotic SEA domains. Collectively, our data support the model that RsgI-SigI signaling is mediated by mechanotransduction in a manner that has striking parallels with eukaryotic mechanotransducive signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P. Brogan
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Cameron Habib
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Samuel J. Hobbs
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA02115
| | - Philip J. Kranzusch
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA02115
| | - David Z. Rudner
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
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16
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Zhang J, Li Z, Zhang Y, Guo YL, Zhu YR, Xia WX, Dai Y, Xia YF. Mume Fructus (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) extract accelerates colonic mucosal healing of mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium through potentiation of cPLA2-mediated lysophosphatidylcholine synthesis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:154985. [PMID: 37516090 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mume Fructus (MF) is the fruit of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc, a plant of Rosaceae family. Previous studies demonstrated that MF was capable of ameliorating ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice, its action mechanism needs to be clarified. PURPOSE This study deciphered whether and how MF extract accelerates colonic mucosal healing, the therapeutic endpoint of UC. METHODS Biochemical, histopathological and qRT-PCR analyses were utilized to define the therapeutic efficacy of MF on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based metabolomics technique was adopted to explore the changes of endogenous metabolites associated with UC and responses to MF intervention. qRT-PCR analysis was performed to confirm the molecular pathway in vivo. The effects of MF and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) on cell viability, wound healing, proliferation, and migration were examined through a series of in vitro experiments. Moreover, the effects of different subtypes of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitors on MF-treated colonic epithelial cells were detected by wound healing test and transwell assay. RESULTS Orally administered MF could alleviate colitis in mice mainly by accelerating the healing of colonic mucosa. Guided by an unbiased metabolomics screen, we identified LPC synthesis as a major modifying pathway in colitis mice after MF treatment. Notably, MF facilitated the synthesis of LPC by enhancing the expression of PLA2 in colitis mice. Mechanistically, MF and LPC accelerated wound closure by promoting cell migration. Moreover, the promotion of MF on wound healing and migration of colonic epithelial cells was blunted by a cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) inhibitor. CONCLUSION MF can facilitate colonic mucosal healing of mice with colitis through cPLA2-mediated intestinal LPC synthesis, which may become a novel therapeutic agent of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Lei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Rong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Xin Xia
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Dai
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yu-Feng Xia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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17
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Xiao R, Liu J, Xu XZS. Mechanosensitive GPCRs and ion channels in shear stress sensing. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 84:102216. [PMID: 37595342 PMCID: PMC10528224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
As a universal mechanical cue, shear stress plays essential roles in many physiological processes, ranging from vascular morphogenesis and remodeling to renal transport and airway barrier function. Disrupted shear stress is commonly regarded as a major contributor to various human diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Despite the importance of shear stress in physiology and pathophysiology, our current understanding of mechanosensors that sense shear stress is far from complete. An increasing number of candidate mechanosensors have been proposed to mediate shear stress sensing in distinct cell types, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), G proteins, receptor tyrosine kinases, ion channels, glycocalyx proteins, and junctional proteins. Although multiple types of mechanosensors might be able to convert shear stress into downstream biochemical signaling events, in this review, we will focus on discussing the mechanosensitive GPCRs (angiotensin II type 1 receptor, GPR68, histamine H1 receptor, adhesion GPCRs) and ion channels (Piezo, TRP) that have been reported to be directly activated by shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiao
- Department of Physiology and Aging, Institute on Aging, Center for Smell and Taste, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Jie Liu
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - X Z Shawn Xu
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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18
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Bernadyn TF, Vizurraga A, Adhikari R, Kwarcinski F, Tall GG. GPR114/ADGRG5 is activated by its tethered peptide agonist because it is a cleaved adhesion GPCR. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105223. [PMID: 37673336 PMCID: PMC10622838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Family B2 or adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (AGPCRs) are distinguished by variable extracellular regions that contain a modular protease, termed the GPCR autoproteolysis-inducing domain that self-cleaves the receptor into an N-terminal fragment (NTF) and a C-terminal fragment (CTF), or seven transmembrane domain (7TM). The NTF and CTF remain bound after cleavage through noncovalent interactions. NTF binding to a ligand(s) presented by nearby cells, or the extracellular matrix anchors the NTF, such that cell movement generates force to induce NTF/CTF dissociation and expose the AGPCR tethered peptide agonist. The released tethered agonist (TA) binds rapidly to the 7TM orthosteric site to activate signaling. The orphan AGPCR, GPR114 was reported to be uncleaved, yet paradoxically capable of activation by its TA. GPR114 has an identical cleavage site and TA to efficiently cleave GPR56. Here, we used immunoblotting and biochemical assays to demonstrate that GPR114 is a cleaved receptor, and the self-cleavage is required for GPR114 TA-activation of Gs and no other classes of G proteins. Mutagenesis studies defined features of the GPR114 and GPR56 GAINA subdomains that influenced self-cleavage efficiency. Thrombin treatment of protease-activated receptor 1 leader/AGPCR fusion proteins demonstrated that acute decryption of the GPR114/56 TAs activated signaling. GPR114 was found to be expressed in an eosinophilic-like cancer cell line (EoL-1 cells) and endogenous GPR114 was efficiently self-cleaved. Application of GPR114 TA peptidomimetics to EoL-1 cells stimulated cAMP production. Our findings may aid future delineation of GPR114 function in eosinophil cAMP signaling related to migration, chemotaxis, or degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler F Bernadyn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alexander Vizurraga
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rashmi Adhikari
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Frank Kwarcinski
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gregory G Tall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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19
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Seufert F, Chung YK, Hildebrand PW, Langenhan T. 7TM domain structures of adhesion GPCRs: what's new and what's missing? Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:726-739. [PMID: 37349240 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion-type G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) have long resisted approaches to resolve the structural details of their heptahelical transmembrane (7TM) domains. Single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has recently produced aGPCR 7TM domain structures for ADGRD1, ADGRG1, ADGRG2, ADGRG3, ADGRG4, ADGRG5, ADGRF1, and ADGRL3. We review the unique properties, including the position and conformation of their activating tethered agonist (TA) and signaling motifs within the 7TM bundle, that the novel structures have helped to identify. We also discuss questions that the kaleidoscope of novel aGPCR 7TM domain structures have left unanswered. These concern the relative positions, orientations, and interactions of the 7TM and GPCR autoproteolysis-inducing (GAIN) domains with one another. Clarifying their interplay remains an important goal of future structural studies on aGPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Seufert
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yin Kwan Chung
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter W Hildebrand
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tobias Langenhan
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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20
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Frenster JD, Erdjument-Bromage H, Stephan G, Ravn-Boess N, Wang S, Liu W, Bready D, Wilcox J, Kieslich B, Jankovic M, Wilde C, Horn S, Sträter N, Liebscher I, Schöneberg T, Fenyo D, Neubert TA, Placantonakis DG. PTK7 is a positive allosteric modulator of GPR133 signaling in glioblastoma. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112679. [PMID: 37354459 PMCID: PMC10445595 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor GPR133 (ADGRD1) supports growth of the brain malignancy glioblastoma. How the extracellular interactome of GPR133 in glioblastoma modulates signaling remains unknown. Here, we use affinity proteomics to identify the transmembrane protein PTK7 as an extracellular binding partner of GPR133 in glioblastoma. PTK7 binds the autoproteolytically generated N-terminal fragment of GPR133 and its expression in trans increases GPR133 signaling. This effect requires the intramolecular cleavage of GPR133 and PTK7's anchoring in the plasma membrane. PTK7's allosteric action on GPR133 signaling is additive with but topographically distinct from orthosteric activation by soluble peptide mimicking the endogenous tethered Stachel agonist. GPR133 and PTK7 are expressed in adjacent cells in glioblastoma, where their knockdown phenocopies each other. We propose that this ligand-receptor interaction is relevant to the pathogenesis of glioblastoma and possibly other physiological processes in healthy tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Frenster
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Hediye Erdjument-Bromage
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Gabriele Stephan
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Niklas Ravn-Boess
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Wenke Liu
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Devin Bready
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jordan Wilcox
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Björn Kieslich
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manuel Jankovic
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Caroline Wilde
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Horn
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Norbert Sträter
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Liebscher
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - David Fenyo
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Thomas A Neubert
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dimitris G Placantonakis
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Brain and Spine Tumor Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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21
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Brogan AP, Habib C, Hobbs SJ, Kranzusch PJ, Rudner DZ. Bacterial SEAL domains undergo autoproteolysis and function in regulated intramembrane proteolysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.27.546760. [PMID: 37425962 PMCID: PMC10327162 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.27.546760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Gram-positive bacteria use SigI/RsgI-family sigma factor/anti-sigma factor pairs to sense and respond to cell wall defects and plant polysaccharides. In Bacillus subtilis this signal transduction pathway involves regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) of the membrane-anchored anti-sigma factor RsgI. However, unlike most RIP signaling pathways, site-1 cleavage of RsgI on the extracytoplasmic side of the membrane is constitutive and the cleavage products remain stably associated, preventing intramembrane proteolysis. The regulated step in this pathway is their dissociation, which is hypothesized to involve mechanical force. Release of the ectodomain enables intramembrane cleavage by the RasP site-2 protease and activation of SigI. The constitutive site-1 protease has not been identified for any RsgI homolog. Here, we report that RsgI's extracytoplasmic domain has structural and functional similarities to eukaryotic SEA domains that undergo autoproteolysis and have been implicated in mechanotransduction. We show that site-1 proteolysis in B. subtilis and Clostridial RsgI family members is mediated by enzyme-independent autoproteolysis of these SEA-like (SEAL) domains. Importantly, the site of proteolysis enables retention of the ectodomain through an undisrupted ß-sheet that spans the two cleavage products. Autoproteolysis can be abrogated by relief of conformational strain in the scissile loop, in a mechanism analogous to eukaryotic SEA domains. Collectively, our data support the model that RsgI-SigI signaling is mediated by mechanotransduction in a manner that has striking parallels with eukaryotic mechanotransducive signaling pathways. SIGNIFICANCE SEA domains are broadly conserved among eukaryotes but absent in bacteria. They are present on diverse membrane-anchored proteins some of which have been implicated in mechanotransducive signaling pathways. Many of these domains have been found to undergo autoproteolysis and remain noncovalently associated following cleavage. Their dissociation requires mechanical force. Here, we identify a family of bacterial SEA-like (SEAL) domains that arose independently from their eukaryotic counterparts but have structural and functional similarities. We show these SEAL domains autocleave and the cleavage products remain stably associated. Importantly, these domains are present on membrane-anchored anti-sigma factors that have been implicated in mechanotransduction pathways analogous to those in eukaryotes. Our findings suggest that bacterial and eukaryotic signaling systems have evolved a similar mechanism to transduce mechanical stimuli across the lipid bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P. Brogan
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Cameron Habib
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Samuel J. Hobbs
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Philip J. Kranzusch
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - David Z. Rudner
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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22
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Bui DLH, Roach A, Li J, Bandekar SJ, Orput E, Raghavan R, Araç D, Sando RC. The adhesion GPCRs CELSR1-3 and LPHN3 engage G proteins via distinct activation mechanisms. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112552. [PMID: 37224017 PMCID: PMC10592476 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are a large GPCR class that direct diverse fundamental biological processes. One prominent mechanism for aGPCR agonism involves autoproteolytic cleavage, which generates an activating, membrane-proximal tethered agonist (TA). How universal this mechanism is for all aGPCRs is unclear. Here, we investigate G protein induction principles of aGPCRs using mammalian latrophilin 3 (LPHN3) and cadherin EGF LAG-repeat 7-transmembrane receptors 1-3 (CELSR1-3), members of two aGPCR families conserved from invertebrates to vertebrates. LPHNs and CELSRs mediate fundamental aspects of brain development, yet CELSR signaling mechanisms are unknown. We find that CELSR1 and CELSR3 are cleavage deficient, while CELSR2 is efficiently cleaved. Despite differential autoproteolysis, CELSR1-3 all engage GαS, and CELSR1 or CELSR3 TA point mutants retain GαS coupling activity. CELSR2 autoproteolysis enhances GαS coupling, yet acute TA exposure alone is insufficient. These studies support that aGPCRs signal via multiple paradigms and provide insights into CELSR biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Lan Huong Bui
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Andrew Roach
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Jingxian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sumit J Bandekar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Elizabeth Orput
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Ritika Raghavan
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Demet Araç
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Richard C Sando
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
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23
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Gusach A, García-Nafría J, Tate CG. New insights into GPCR coupling and dimerisation from cryo-EM structures. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2023; 80:102574. [PMID: 36963163 PMCID: PMC10423944 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the past three years (2020-2022) more structures of GPCRs have been determined than in the previous twenty years (2000-2019), primarily of GPCR complexes that are large enough for structure determination by single-particle cryo-EM. This review will present some structural highlights that have advanced our molecular understanding of promiscuous G protein coupling, how a G protein receptor kinase and β-arrestins couple to GPCRs, and GPCR dimerisation. We will also discuss advances in the use of gene fusions, nanobodies, and Fab fragments to facilitate the structure determination of GPCRs in the inactive state that, on their own, are too small for structure determination by single-particle cryo-EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Gusach
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK. https://twitter.com/GusachAnastasia
| | - Javier García-Nafría
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI) and Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain. https://twitter.com/JGarciaNafria
| | - Christopher G Tate
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK.
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24
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Wong TS, Li G, Li S, Gao W, Chen G, Gan S, Zhang M, Li H, Wu S, Du Y. G protein-coupled receptors in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:177. [PMID: 37137892 PMCID: PMC10154768 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are multifactorial disorders with diverse aetiological factors. Identifying treatment targets is challenging because the diseases are resulting from heterogeneous biological, genetic, and environmental factors. Nevertheless, the increasing understanding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) opens a new possibility in drug discovery. Harnessing our knowledge of molecular mechanisms and structural information of GPCRs will be advantageous for developing effective drugs. This review provides an overview of the role of GPCRs in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Besides, we highlight the emerging opportunities of novel GPCR targets and address recent progress in GPCR drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thian-Sze Wong
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhi Li
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng Chen
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyi Gan
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Manzhan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China.
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China.
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Urology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 518116, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yang Du
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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25
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Dumas L, Marfoglia M, Yang B, Hijazi M, Larabi AN, Lau K, Pojer F, Nash MA, Barth P. Uncovering and engineering the mechanical properties of the adhesion GPCR ADGRG1 GAIN domain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.05.535724. [PMID: 37066252 PMCID: PMC10104041 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.05.535724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Key cellular functions depend on the transduction of extracellular mechanical signals by specialized membrane receptors including adhesion G-protein coupled receptors (aGPCRs). While recently solved structures support aGPCR activation through shedding of the extracellular GAIN domain, the molecular mechanisms underpinning receptor mechanosensing remain poorly understood. When probed using single-molecule atomic force spectroscopy and molecular simulations, ADGRG1 GAIN dissociated from its tethered agonist at forces significantly higher than other reported signaling mechanoreceptors. Strong mechanical resistance was achieved through specific structural deformations and force propagation pathways under mechanical load. ADGRG1 GAIN variants computationally designed to lock the alpha and beta subdomains and rewire mechanically-induced structural deformations were found to modulate the GPS-Stachel rupture forces. Our study provides unprecedented insights into the molecular underpinnings of GAIN mechanical stability and paves the way for engineering mechanosensors, better understanding aGPCR function, and informing drug-discovery efforts targeting this important receptor class.
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26
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Huong Bui DL, Roach A, Li J, Bandekar SJ, Orput E, Raghavan R, Araç D, Sando R. The adhesion GPCRs CELSR1-3 and LPHN3 engage G proteins via distinct activation mechanisms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.02.535287. [PMID: 37066404 PMCID: PMC10103989 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.02.535287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion GPCRs (aGPCRs) are a large GPCR class that direct diverse fundamental biological processes. One prominent mechanism for aGPCR agonism involves autoproteolytic cleavage, which generates an activating, membrane-proximal tethered agonist (TA). How universal this mechanism is for all aGPCRs is unclear. Here, we investigate G protein induction principles of aGPCRs using mammalian LPHN3 and CELSR1-3, members of two aGPCR families conserved from invertebrates to vertebrates. LPHNs and CELSRs mediate fundamental aspects of brain development, yet CELSR signaling mechanisms are unknown. We found that CELSR1 and CELSR3 are cleavage-deficient, while CELSR2 is efficiently cleaved. Despite differential autoproteolysis, CELSR1-3 all engage GαS, and CELSR1 or CELSR3 TA point mutants retain GαS coupling activity. CELSR2 autoproteolysis enhances GαS coupling, yet acute TA exposure alone is insufficient. These studies support that aGPCRs signal via multiple paradigms and provide insights into CELSR biological function.
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27
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Overduin M, Kervin TA, Klarenbach Z, Adra TRC, Bhat RK. Comprehensive classification of proteins based on structures that engage lipids by COMPOSEL. Biophys Chem 2023; 295:106971. [PMID: 36801589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.106971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Structures can now be predicted for any protein using programs like AlphaFold and Rosetta, which rely on a foundation of experimentally determined structures of architecturally diverse proteins. The accuracy of such artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) approaches benefits from the specification of restraints which assist in navigating the universe of folds to converge on models most representative of a given protein's physiological structure. This is especially pertinent for membrane proteins, with structures and functions that depend on their presence in lipid bilayers. Structures of proteins in their membrane environments could conceivably be predicted from AI/ML approaches with user-specificized parameters that describe each element of the architecture of a membrane protein accompanied by its lipid environment. We propose the Classification Of Membrane Proteins based On Structures Engaging Lipids (COMPOSEL), which builds on existing nomenclature types for monotopic, bitopic, polytopic and peripheral membrane proteins as well as lipids. Functional and regulatory elements are also defined in the scripts, as shown with membrane fusing synaptotagmins, multidomain PDZD8 and Protrudin proteins that recognize phosphoinositide (PI) lipids, the intrinsically disordered MARCKS protein, caveolins, the β barrel assembly machine (BAM), an adhesion G-protein coupled receptor (aGPCR) and two lipid modifying enzymes - diacylglycerol kinase DGKε and fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase FALDH. This demonstrates how COMPOSEL communicates lipid interactivity as well as signaling mechanisms and binding of metabolites, drug molecules, polypeptides or nucleic acids to describe the operations of any protein. Moreover COMPOSEL can be scaled to express how genomes encode membrane structures and how our organs are infiltrated by pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Overduin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Troy A Kervin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Trixie Rae C Adra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rakesh K Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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28
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Pederick DT, Perry-Hauser NA, Meng H, He Z, Javitch JA, Luo L. Context-dependent requirement of G protein coupling for Latrophilin-2 in target selection of hippocampal axons. eLife 2023; 12:e83529. [PMID: 36939320 PMCID: PMC10118387 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of neural circuits requires extensive interactions of cell-surface proteins to guide axons to their correct target neurons. Trans-cellular interactions of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor latrophilin-2 (Lphn2) with its partner teneurin-3 instruct the precise assembly of hippocampal networks by reciprocal repulsion. Lphn2 acts as a repulsive receptor in distal CA1 neurons to direct their axons to the proximal subiculum, and as a repulsive ligand in the proximal subiculum to direct proximal CA1 axons to the distal subiculum. It remains unclear if Lphn2-mediated intracellular signaling is required for its role in either context. Here, we show that Lphn2 couples to Gα12/13 in heterologous cells; this coupling is increased by constitutive exposure of the tethered agonist. Specific mutations of Lphn2's tethered agonist region disrupt its G protein coupling and autoproteolytic cleavage, whereas mutating the autoproteolytic cleavage site alone prevents cleavage but preserves a functional tethered agonist. Using an in vivo misexpression assay, we demonstrate that wild-type Lphn2 misdirects proximal CA1 axons to the proximal subiculum and that Lphn2 tethered agonist activity is required for its role as a repulsive receptor in axons. By contrast, neither tethered agonist activity nor autoproteolysis were necessary for Lphn2's role as a repulsive ligand in the subiculum target neurons. Thus, tethered agonist activity is required for Lphn2-mediated neural circuit assembly in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Pederick
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Nicole A Perry-Hauser
- Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkUnited States
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkUnited States
| | - Huyan Meng
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Zhigang He
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkUnited States
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkUnited States
| | - Liqun Luo
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
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29
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Wang F, Wang Y, Qiu W, Zhang Q, Yang H, Song G. Crystal Structure of the Extracellular Domains of GPR110. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:167979. [PMID: 36716818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.167979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) play a pivotal role in human immune responses, cellular communication, organ development, and other processes. GPR110 belongs to the aGPCR subfamily VI and was initially identified as an oncogene involved in lung and prostate cancers. GPR110 contains tandem adhesion domains at the extracellular region that mediate inter-cellular signaling. However, the structural organization and signaling mechanism for these tandem domains remain unclear. Here, we report the crystal structure of a GPR110 fragment composing the SEA, HormR, and GAIN domains at 2.9 Å resolution. The structure together with MD simulations reveal rigid connections between these domains that are stabilized by complementary interfaces. Strikingly, we found N-linked carbohydrates attached to N389 of the GAIN domain form extensive contacts with the preceding HormR domain. These interactions appear to be critical for folding, as removal of the glycosylation site greatly decreases expression of the GPR110 extracellular fragment. We further demonstrate that the ligand synaptamide fits well within the hydrophobic pocket occupied by the Stachel peptide in the rest state. This suggests that the agonist may function by removing the Stachel peptide which in turn redocks to the orthosteric pocket for receptor activation. Taken together, our structural findings and analyses provide novel insights into the activation mechanism for aGPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Center of Biomedical Physics, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Weicheng Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiansen Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Huaiyu Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Gaojie Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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30
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Xin Y, Liu S, Liu Y, Qian Z, Liu H, Zhang B, Guo T, Thompson GJ, Stevens RC, Sharpless KB, Dong J, Shui W. Affinity selection of double-click triazole libraries for rapid discovery of allosteric modulators for GLP-1 receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220767120. [PMID: 36893261 PMCID: PMC10243133 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220767120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently developed double-click reaction sequence [G. Meng et al., Nature 574, 86-89 (2019)] is expected to vastly expand the number and diversity of synthetically accessible 1,2,3-triazole derivatives. However, it remains elusive how to rapidly navigate the extensive chemical space created by double-click chemistry for bioactive compound discovery. In this study, we selected a particularly challenging drug target, the glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), to benchmark our new platform for the design, synthesis, and screening of double-click triazole libraries. First, we achieved a streamlined synthesis of customized triazole libraries on an unprecedented scale (composed of 38,400 new compounds). By interfacing affinity-selection mass spectrometry and functional assays, we identified a series of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) with unreported scaffolds that can selectively and robustly enhance the signaling activity of the endogenous GLP-1(9-36) peptide. Intriguingly, we further revealed an unexpected binding mode of new PAMs which likely act as a molecular glue between the receptor and the peptide agonist. We anticipate the merger of double-click library synthesis with the hybrid screening platform allows for efficient and economic discovery of drug candidates or chemical probes for various therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xin
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Yan Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Zhen Qian
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Hongyue Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Bingjie Zhang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Taijie Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | | | - Raymond C. Stevens
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - K. Barry Sharpless
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Jiajia Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, National Facility for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
- Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Shanghai200232, China
| | - Wenqing Shui
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
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31
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Tseng WY, Stacey M, Lin HH. Role of Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Immune Dysfunction and Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065499. [PMID: 36982575 PMCID: PMC10055975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Disorders of the immune system, including immunodeficiency, immuno-malignancy, and (auto)inflammatory, autoimmune, and allergic diseases, have a great impact on a host’s health. Cellular communication mediated through cell surface receptors, among different cell types and between cell and microenvironment, plays a critical role in immune responses. Selective members of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (aGPCR) family are expressed differentially in diverse immune cell types and have been implicated recently in unique immune dysfunctions and disorders in part due to their dual cell adhesion and signaling roles. Here, we discuss the molecular and functional characteristics of distinctive immune aGPCRs and their physiopathological roles in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yi Tseng
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Keelung, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
| | - Martin Stacey
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hsi-Hsien Lin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Keelung, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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32
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Scholz N, Dahse AK, Kemkemer M, Bormann A, Auger GM, Vieira Contreras F, Ernst LF, Staake H, Körner MB, Buhlan M, Meyer-Mölck A, Chung YK, Blanco-Redondo B, Klose F, Jarboui MA, Ljaschenko D, Bigl M, Langenhan T. Molecular sensing of mechano- and ligand-dependent adhesion GPCR dissociation. Nature 2023; 615:945-953. [PMID: 36890234 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion G-protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) bear notable similarity to Notch proteins1, a class of surface receptors poised for mechano-proteolytic activation2-4, including an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of cleavage5-8. However, so far there is no unifying explanation for why aGPCRs are autoproteolytically processed. Here we introduce a genetically encoded sensor system to detect the dissociation events of aGPCR heterodimers into their constituent N-terminal and C-terminal fragments (NTFs and CTFs, respectively). An NTF release sensor (NRS) of the neural latrophilin-type aGPCR Cirl (ADGRL)9-11, from Drosophila melanogaster, is stimulated by mechanical force. Cirl-NRS activation indicates that receptor dissociation occurs in neurons and cortex glial cells. The release of NTFs from cortex glial cells requires trans-interaction between Cirl and its ligand, the Toll-like receptor Tollo (Toll-8)12, on neural progenitor cells, whereas expressing Cirl and Tollo in cis suppresses dissociation of the aGPCR. This interaction is necessary to control the size of the neuroblast pool in the central nervous system. We conclude that receptor autoproteolysis enables non-cell-autonomous activities of aGPCRs, and that the dissociation of aGPCRs is controlled by their ligand expression profile and by mechanical force. The NRS system will be helpful in elucidating the physiological roles and signal modulators of aGPCRs, which constitute a large untapped reservoir of drug targets for cardiovascular, immune, neuropsychiatric and neoplastic diseases13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Scholz
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Anne-Kristin Dahse
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marguerite Kemkemer
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Bormann
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Genevieve M Auger
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fernando Vieira Contreras
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lucia F Ernst
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hauke Staake
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marek B Körner
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Max Buhlan
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Amelie Meyer-Mölck
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yin Kwan Chung
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beatriz Blanco-Redondo
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franziska Klose
- Core Facility for Medical Bioanalytics, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mohamed Ali Jarboui
- Core Facility for Medical Bioanalytics, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dmitrij Ljaschenko
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marina Bigl
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Langenhan
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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33
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Lin X, Jiang S, Wu Y, Wei X, Han GW, Wu L, Liu J, Chen B, Zhang Z, Zhao S, Cherezov V, Xu F. The activation mechanism and antibody binding mode for orphan GPR20. Cell Discov 2023; 9:23. [PMID: 36849514 PMCID: PMC9971246 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
GPR20 is a class-A orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and a potential therapeutic target for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) owing to its differentially high expression. An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) containing a GPR20-binding antibody (Ab046) was recently developed in clinical trials for GIST treatment. GPR20 constitutively activates Gi proteins in the absence of any known ligand, but it remains obscure how this high basal activity is achieved. Here we report three cryo-EM structures of human GPR20 complexes including Gi-coupled GPR20 in the absence or presence of the Fab fragment of Ab046 and Gi-free GPR20. Remarkably, the structures demonstrate a uniquely folded N-terminal helix capping onto the transmembrane domain and our mutagenesis study suggests a key role of this cap region in stimulating the basal activity of GPR20. We also uncover the molecular interactions between GPR20 and Ab046, which may enable the design of tool antibodies with enhanced affinity or new functionality for GPR20. Furthermore, we report the orthosteric pocket occupied by an unassigned density which might be essential for exploring opportunities for deorphanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lin
- grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China ,grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiran Wu
- grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohu Wei
- grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gye-Won Han
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Lijie Wu
- grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Chen
- grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China ,grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suwen Zhao
- grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China ,grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Fei Xu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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34
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Liang J, Inoue A, Ikuta T, Xia R, Wang N, Kawakami K, Xu Z, Qian Y, Zhu X, Zhang A, Guo C, Huang Z, He Y. Structural basis of lysophosphatidylserine receptor GPR174 ligand recognition and activation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1012. [PMID: 36823105 PMCID: PMC9950150 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS) is a lipid mediator that induces multiple cellular responses through binding to GPR174. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of LysoPS-bound human GPR174 in complex with Gs protein. The structure reveals a ligand recognition mode, including the negatively charged head group of LysoPS forms extensive polar interactions with surrounding key residues of the ligand binding pocket, and the L-serine moiety buries deeply into a positive charged cavity in the pocket. In addition, the structure unveils a partially open pocket on transmembrane domain helix (TM) 4 and 5 for a lateral entry of ligand. Finally, the structure reveals a Gs engaging mode featured by a deep insertion of a helix 5 (αH5) and extensive polar interactions between receptor and αH5. Taken together, the information revealed by our structural study provides a framework for understanding LysoPS signaling and a rational basis for designing LysoPS receptor-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Liang
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Ikuta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ruixue Xia
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Na Wang
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Kouki Kawakami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Zhenmei Xu
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyan Zhu
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Anqi Zhang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Changyou Guo
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanzheng He
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China.
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35
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Abstract
Polycystin subunits can form hetero- and homotetrameric ion channels in the membranes of various compartments of the cell. Homotetrameric polycystin channels are voltage- and calcium-modulated, whereas heterotetrameric versions are proposed to be ligand- or autoproteolytically regulated. Their importance is underscored by variants associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and by vital roles in fertilization and embryonic development. The diversity in polycystin assembly and subcellular distribution allows for a multitude of sensory functions by this class of channels. In this review, we highlight their recent structural and functional characterization, which has provided a molecular blueprint to investigate the conformational changes required for channel opening in response to unique stimuli. We consider each polycystin channel type individually, discussing how they contribute to sensory cell biology, as well as their impact on the physiology of various tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhi Esarte Palomero
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
| | - Megan Larmore
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
| | - Paul G DeCaen
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
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36
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Stephan G, Erdjument-Bromage H, Liu W, Frenster JD, Ravn-Boess N, Bready D, Cai J, Fenyo D, Neubert T, Placantonakis DG. Modulation of GPR133 (ADGRD1) Signaling by its Intracellular Interaction Partner Extended Synaptotagmin 1 (ESYT1). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.09.527921. [PMID: 36798364 PMCID: PMC9934660 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.09.527921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
GPR133 (ADGRD1) is an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor that signals through Gαs and is required for growth of glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive brain malignancy. The regulation of GPR133 signaling is incompletely understood. Here, we use proximity biotinylation proteomics to identify ESYT1, a Ca2+-dependent mediator of endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane bridge formation, as an intracellular interactor of GPR133. ESYT1 knockdown or knockout increases GPR133 signaling, while its overexpression has the opposite effect, without altering GPR133 levels in the plasma membrane. The GPR133-ESYT1 interaction requires the Ca2+-sensing C2C domain of ESYT1. Thapsigargin-mediated increases in cytosolic Ca2+ relieve signaling-suppressive effects of ESYT1 by promoting ESYT1-GPR133 dissociation. ESYT1 knockdown or knockout in GBM impairs tumor growth in vitro, suggesting functions of ESYT1 beyond the interaction with GPR133. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism for modulation of GPR133 signaling by increased cytosolic Ca2+, which reduces the signaling-suppressive interaction between GPR133 and ESYT1 to raise cAMP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Stephan
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hediye Erdjument-Bromage
- Department of Cell Biology and Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Wenke Liu
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Joshua D. Frenster
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Niklas Ravn-Boess
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Devin Bready
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Julia Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David Fenyo
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Thomas Neubert
- Department of Cell Biology and Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dimitris G. Placantonakis
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Brain and Spine Tumor Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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37
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Isoform- and ligand-specific modulation of the adhesion GPCR ADGRL3/Latrophilin3 by a synthetic binder. Nat Commun 2023; 14:635. [PMID: 36746957 PMCID: PMC9902482 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are cell-surface proteins with large extracellular regions that bind to multiple ligands to regulate key biological functions including neurodevelopment and organogenesis. Modulating a single function of a specific aGPCR isoform while affecting no other function and no other receptor is not trivial. Here, we engineered an antibody, termed LK30, that binds to the extracellular region of the aGPCR ADGRL3, and specifically acts as an agonist for ADGRL3 but not for its isoform, ADGRL1. The LK30/ADGRL3 complex structure revealed that the LK30 binding site on ADGRL3 overlaps with the binding site for an ADGRL3 ligand - teneurin. In cellular-adhesion assays, LK30 specifically broke the trans-cellular interaction of ADGRL3 with teneurin, but not with another ADGRL3 ligand - FLRT3. Our work provides proof of concept for the modulation of isoform- and ligand-specific aGPCR functions using unique tools, and thus establishes a foundation for the development of fine-tuned aGPCR-targeted therapeutics.
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Xu Z, Wang Y, Xu J, Ang X, Ge N, Xu M, Pei C. Identify AGAP2 as prognostic biomarker in clear cell renal cell carcinoma based on bioinformatics and IHC staining. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13543. [PMID: 36846683 PMCID: PMC9947311 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Arf GTPase-activating proteins are aberrantly expressed in a variety of tumors, but their role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) was unclear. Exploring the biological role of Arf GAP with GTP binding protein like domain, Ankyrin repeat and PH domain 2 (AGAP2) in ccRCC could improve our understanding on the aggressiveness and immune relevance of ccRCC. Methods The expression of AGAP2 was analyzed based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and verified in ccRCC samples using immunohistochemistry. The association between AGAP2 and clinical cancer stages was explored by TCGA dataset and UALCAN. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed to analyze the biological functions of AGAP2-related genes. Moreover, the relationship between AGAP2 and immune cell infiltration was investigated with TIME and TCGA dataset. Results Compared to normal tissues, AGAP2 was upregulated in ccRCC tissues. Higher expression of AGAP2 was associated with clinical cancer stages, TNM stages, pathologic stages, and status. Prognostic analysis on AGAP2 showed that AGAP2 overexpression was associated with KIRC overall survival (OS) reduction (P = 0.019). However, higher expression of AGAP2 may improve the OS of CESC (P = 0.002), THYM (P = 0.006) and UCEC (P = 0.049). GO and KEGG analysis showed that AGAP2-related genes was related to T cell activation, immune activity and PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway. Furthermore, our study showed that AGAP2 were significantly associated with T cells, Cytotoxic cells, Treg, Th1 cells, CD8 T cells, T helper cells. And AGAP2 expression level affected the abundance of immune cells infiltration. The infiltrating level of immune cells was different between the AGAP2 high-expression and low-expression groups. Conclusion The expression of AGAP2 in ccRCC was higher than that in normal kidney tissues. It was significantly associated with clinical stage, poor prognosis, and immune cell infiltration. Therefore, AGAP2 may become an important component for ccRCC patients who receive precision cancer therapy and may be a promising prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Xu
- Department of Urology Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | | | - Jiangnan Xu
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, China
| | - Xiaojie Ang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Nianxin Ge
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Urology Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Changsong Pei
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Corresponding author.
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Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors-Structure and functions. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 195:1-25. [PMID: 36707149 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are an ancient class of receptors that represent some of the largest transmembrane-integrated proteins in humans. First recognized as surface markers on immune cells, it took more than a decade to appreciate their 7-transmembrane structure, which is reminiscent of GPCRs. Roughly 30 years went by before the first functional proof of an interaction with a G protein was published. Besides classic features of GPCRs (extracellular N terminus, 7-transmembrane region, intracellular C terminus), aGPCRs display a distinct N-terminal structure, which harbors the highly conserved GPCR autoproteolysis-inducing (GAIN) domain with the GPCR proteolysis site (GPS) in addition to several functional domains. Several human diseases have been associated with variants of aGPCRs and subsequent animal models have been established to investigate these phenotypes. Much progress has been made in recent years to decipher the structure and functions of these receptors. This chapter gives an overview of our current understanding with respect to the molecular structural patterns governing aGPCR activation and the contribution of these giant molecules to the development of pathologies.
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Zhong BL, Lee CE, Vachharajani VT, Südhof TC, Dunn AR. Piconewton forces mediate GAIN domain dissociation of the latrophilin-3 adhesion GPCR. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.12.523854. [PMID: 36711622 PMCID: PMC9882233 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.12.523854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Latrophilins are adhesion G-protein coupled receptors (aGPCRs) that control excitatory synapse formation. aGPCRs, including latrophilins, are autoproteolytically cleaved at their GPCR-Autoproteolysis Inducing (GAIN) domain, but the two resulting fragments remain associated on the cell surface. It is thought that force-mediated dissociation of the fragments exposes a peptide that activates G-protein signaling of aGPCRs, but whether GAIN domain dissociation can occur on biologically relevant timescales and at physiological forces is unknown. Here, we show using magnetic tweezers that physiological forces dramatically accelerate the dissociation of the latrophilin-3 GAIN domain. Forces in the 1-10 pN range were sufficient to dissociate the GAIN domain on a seconds-to-minutes timescale, and the GAIN domain fragments reversibly reassociated after dissociation. Thus, mechanical force may be a key driver of latrophilin signaling during synapse formation, suggesting a physiological mechanism by which aGPCRs may mediate mechanically-induced signal transduction.
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Dmitrieva DA, Kotova TV, Safronova NA, Sadova AA, Dashevskii DE, Mishin AV. Protein Design Strategies for the Structural–Functional Studies of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2023; 88:S192-S226. [PMID: 37069121 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923140110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are an important family of membrane proteins responsible for many physiological functions in human body. High resolution GPCR structures are required to understand their molecular mechanisms and perform rational drug design, as GPCRs play a crucial role in a variety of diseases. That is difficult to obtain for the wild-type proteins because of their low stability. In this review, we discuss how this problem can be solved by using protein design strategies developed to obtain homogeneous stabilized GPCR samples for crystallization and cryoelectron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A Dmitrieva
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Kotova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Nadezda A Safronova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Alexandra A Sadova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Dmitrii E Dashevskii
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Alexey V Mishin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia.
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Mock ED, Gagestein B, van der Stelt M. Anandamide and other N-acylethanolamines: A class of signaling lipids with therapeutic opportunities. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 89:101194. [PMID: 36150527 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), including N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA), N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA, anandamide), N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine (DHEA, synaptamide) and their oxygenated metabolites are a lipid messenger family with numerous functions in health and disease, including inflammation, anxiety and energy metabolism. The NAEs exert their signaling role through activation of various G protein-coupled receptors (cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, GPR55, GPR110, GPR119), ion channels (TRPV1) and nuclear receptors (PPAR-α and PPAR-γ) in the brain and periphery. The biological role of the oxygenated NAEs, such as prostamides, hydroxylated anandamide and DHEA derivatives, are less studied. Evidence is accumulating that NAEs and their oxidative metabolites may be aberrantly regulated or are associated with disease severity in obesity, metabolic syndrome, cancer, neuroinflammation and liver cirrhosis. Here, we comprehensively review NAE biosynthesis and degradation, their metabolism by lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases and cytochrome P450s and the biological functions of these signaling lipids. We discuss the latest findings and therapeutic potential of modulating endogenous NAE levels by inhibition of their degradation, which is currently under clinical evaluation for neuropsychiatric disorders. We also highlight NAE biosynthesis inhibition as an emerging topic with therapeutic opportunities in endocannabinoid and NAE signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot D Mock
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Berend Gagestein
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands.
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Qian Y, Ma Z, Liu C, Li X, Zhu X, Wang N, Xu Z, Xia R, Liang J, Duan Y, Yin H, Xiong Y, Zhang A, Guo C, Chen Z, Huang Z, He Y. Structural insights into adhesion GPCR ADGRL3 activation and G q, G s, G i, and G 12 coupling. Mol Cell 2022; 82:4340-4352.e6. [PMID: 36309016 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion G-protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) play key roles in a diversity of physiologies. A hallmark of aGPCR activation is the removal of the inhibitory GAIN domain and the dipping of the cleaved stalk peptide into the ligand-binding pocket of receptors; however, the detailed mechanism remains obscure. Here, we present cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of ADGRL3 in complex with Gq, Gs, Gi, and G12. The structures reveal unique ligand-engaging mode, distinctive activation conformation, and key mechanisms of aGPCR activation. The structures also reveal the uncharted structural information of GPCR/G12 coupling. A comparison of Gq, Gs, Gi, and G12 engagements with ADGRL3 reveals the key determinant of G-protein coupling on the far end of αH5 of Gα. A detailed analysis of the engagements allows us to design mutations that specifically enhance one pathway over others. Taken together, our study lays the groundwork for understanding aGPCR activation and G-protein-coupling selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qian
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Zhengxiong Ma
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Xinyan Zhu
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Na Wang
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhenmei Xu
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ruixue Xia
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiale Liang
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yaning Duan
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Han Yin
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yangjie Xiong
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Anqi Zhang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Changyou Guo
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yuanzheng He
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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Maser RL, Calvet JP, Parnell SC. The GPCR properties of polycystin-1- A new paradigm. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1035507. [PMID: 36406261 PMCID: PMC9672506 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1035507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystin-1 (PC1) is an 11-transmembrane (TM) domain-containing protein encoded by the PKD1 gene, the most frequently mutated gene leading to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). This large (> 462 kDal) protein has a complex posttranslational maturation process, with over five proteolytic cleavages having been described, and is found at multiple cellular locations. The initial description of the binding and activation of heterotrimeric Gαi/o by the juxtamembrane region of the PC1 cytosolic C-terminal tail (C-tail) more than 20 years ago opened the door to investigations, and controversies, into PC1's potential function as a novel G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Subsequent biochemical and cellular-based assays supported an ability of the PC1 C-tail to bind numerous members of the Gα protein family and to either inhibit or activate G protein-dependent pathways involved in the regulation of ion channel activity, transcription factor activation, and apoptosis. More recent work has demonstrated an essential role for PC1-mediated G protein regulation in preventing kidney cyst development; however, the mechanisms by which PC1 regulates G protein activity continue to be discovered. Similarities between PC1 and the adhesion class of 7-TM GPCRs, most notably a conserved GPCR proteolysis site (GPS) before the first TM domain, which undergoes autocatalyzed proteolytic cleavage, suggest potential mechanisms for PC1-mediated regulation of G protein signaling. This article reviews the evidence supporting GPCR-like functions of PC1 and their relevance to cystic disease, discusses the involvement of GPS cleavage and potential ligands in regulating PC1 GPCR function, and explores potential connections between PC1 GPCR-like activity and regulation of the channel properties of the polycystin receptor-channel complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L. Maser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - James P. Calvet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Stephen C. Parnell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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Zhu X, Qian Y, Li X, Xu Z, Xia R, Wang N, Liang J, Yin H, Zhang A, Guo C, Wang G, He Y. Structural basis of adhesion GPCR GPR110 activation by stalk peptide and G-proteins coupling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5513. [PMID: 36127364 PMCID: PMC9489763 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are keys of many physiological events and attractive targets for various diseases. aGPCRs are also known to be capable of self-activation via an autoproteolysis process that removes the inhibitory GAIN domain on the extracellular side of receptor and releases a stalk peptide to bind and activate the transmembrane side of receptor. However, the detailed mechanism of aGPCR activation remains elusive. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of GPR110 (ADGRF1), a member of aGPCR, in complex with Gq, Gs, Gi, G12 and G13. The structures reveal distinctive ligand engaging model and activation conformations of GPR110. The structures also unveil the rarely explored GPCR/G12 and GPCR/G13 engagements. A comparison of Gq, Gs, Gi, G12 and G13 engagements with GPR110 reveals details of G-protein engagement, including a dividing point at the far end of the alpha helix 5 (αH5) of Gα subunit that separates Gq/Gs engagements from Gi/G12/G13 engagements. This is also where Gq/Gs bind the receptor through both hydrophobic and polar interaction, while Gi/G12/G13 engage receptor mainly through hydrophobic interaction. We further provide physiological evidence of GPR110 activation via stalk peptide. Taken together, our study fills the missing information of GPCR/G-protein engagement and provides a framework for understanding aGPCR activation and GPR110 signaling. aGPCRs play key roles in multiple physiological processes. Here the authors report cryo-EM structures of GPR110 in complexes with Gq, Gs, Gi, G12 and G13 protein to reveal a detailed mechanism of aGPCR activation via the tethered stalk peptide and principles of G-protein coupling and selectivity on GPR110.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Zhu
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaowan Li
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhenmei Xu
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ruixue Xia
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Na Wang
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jiale Liang
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Han Yin
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Anqi Zhang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Changyou Guo
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Guangfu Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yuanzheng He
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
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GPR125 (ADGRA3) is an autocleavable adhesion GPCR that traffics with Dlg1 to the basolateral membrane and regulates epithelial apico-basal polarity. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102475. [PMID: 36089063 PMCID: PMC9539791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The adhesion family of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) is defined by an N-terminal large extracellular region that contains various adhesion-related domains and a highly-conserved GPCR-autoproteolysis-inducing (GAIN) domain, the latter of which is located immediately before a canonical seven-transmembrane domain. These receptors are expressed widely and involved in various functions including development, angiogenesis, synapse formation, and tumorigenesis. GPR125 (ADGRA3), an orphan adhesion GPCR, has been shown to modulate planar cell polarity in gastrulating zebrafish, but its biochemical properties and role in mammalian cells have remained largely unknown. Here, we show that human GPR125 likely undergoes cis-autoproteolysis when expressed in canine kidney epithelial MDCK cells and human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells. The cleavage appears to occur at an atypical GPCR proteolysis site within the GAIN domain during an early stage of receptor biosynthesis. The products, i.e., the N-terminal and C-terminal fragments, seem to remain associated after self-proteolysis, as observed in other adhesion GPCRs. Furthermore, in polarized MDCK cells, GPR125 is exclusively recruited to the basolateral domain of the plasma membrane. The recruitment likely requires the C-terminal PDZ-domain–binding motif of GPR125 and its interaction with the cell polarity protein Dlg1. Knockdown of GPR125 as well as that of Dlg1 results in formation of aberrant cysts with multiple lumens in Matrigel 3D culture of MDCK cells. Consistent with the multilumen phenotype, mitotic spindles are incorrectly oriented during cystogenesis in GPR125-KO MDCK cells. Thus, the basolateral protein GPR125, an autocleavable adhesion GPCR, appears to play a crucial role in apicobasal polarization in epithelial cells.
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Bridges JP, Safina C, Pirard B, Brown K, Filuta A, Panchanathan R, Bouhelal R, Reymann N, Patel S, Seuwen K, Miller WE, Ludwig MG. Regulation of pulmonary surfactant by the adhesion GPCR GPR116/ADGRF5 requires a tethered agonist-mediated activation mechanism. eLife 2022; 11:69061. [PMID: 36073784 PMCID: PMC9489211 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic details of the tethered agonist mode of activation for the adhesion GPCR ADGRF5/GPR116 have not been completely deciphered. We set out to investigate the physiological importance of autocatalytic cleavage upstream of the agonistic peptide sequence, an event necessary for NTF displacement and subsequent receptor activation. To examine this hypothesis, we characterized tethered agonist-mediated activation of GPR116 in vitro and in vivo. A knock-in mouse expressing a non-cleavable GPR116 mutant phenocopies the pulmonary phenotype of GPR116 knock-out mice, demonstrating that tethered agonist-mediated receptor activation is indispensable for function in vivo. Using site-directed mutagenesis and species-swapping approaches, we identified key conserved amino acids for GPR116 activation in the tethered agonist sequence and in extracellular loops 2/3 (ECL2/3). We further highlight residues in transmembrane 7 (TM7) that mediate stronger signaling in mouse versus human GPR116 and recapitulate these findings in a model supporting tethered agonist:ECL2 interactions for GPR116 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Bridges
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Caterina Safina
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Pirard
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kari Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Alyssa Filuta
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Ravichandran Panchanathan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Rochdi Bouhelal
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Reymann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sejal Patel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis, Cambridge, United States
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - William E Miller
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States
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Structures of the ADGRG2-G s complex in apo and ligand-bound forms. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:1196-1203. [PMID: 35982227 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors are elusive in terms of their structural information and ligands. Here, we solved the cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of apo-ADGRG2, an essential membrane receptor for maintaining male fertility, in complex with a Gs trimer. Whereas the formations of two kinks were determinants of the active state, identification of a potential ligand-binding pocket in ADGRG2 facilitated the screening and identification of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and deoxycorticosterone as potential ligands of ADGRG2. The cryo-EM structures of DHEA-ADGRG2-Gs provided interaction details for DHEA within the seven transmembrane domains of ADGRG2. Collectively, our data provide a structural basis for the activation and signaling of ADGRG2, as well as characterization of steroid hormones as ADGRG2 ligands, which might be used as useful tools for further functional studies of the orphan ADGRG2.
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Sreepada A, Tiwari M, Pal K. Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor gluing action guides tissue development and disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1355-1372. [PMID: 35969283 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Phylogenetic analysis of human G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) divides these transmembrane signaling proteins into five groups: glutamate, rhodopsin, adhesion, frizzled, and secretin families, commonly abbreviated as the GRAFS classification system. The adhesion GPCR (aGPCR) sub-family comprises 33 different receptors in humans. Majority of the aGPCRs are orphan receptors with unknown ligands, structures, and tissue expression profiles. They have a long N-terminal extracellular domain (ECD) with several adhesion sites similar to integrin receptors. Many aGPCRs undergo autoproteolysis at the GPCR proteolysis site (GPS), enclosed within the larger GPCR autoproteolysis inducing (GAIN) domain. Recent breakthroughs in aGPCR research have created new paradigms for understanding their roles in organogenesis. They play crucial roles in multiple aspects of organ development through cell signaling, intercellular adhesion, and cell-matrix associations. They are involved in essential physiological processes like regulation of cell polarity, mitotic spindle orientation, cell adhesion, and migration. Multiple aGPCRs have been associated with the development of the brain, musculoskeletal system, kidneys, cardiovascular system, hormone secretion, and regulation of immune functions. Since aGPCRs have crucial roles in tissue patterning and organogenesis, mutations in these receptors are often associated with diseases with loss of tissue integrity. Thus, aGPCRs include a group of enigmatic receptors with untapped potential for elucidating novel signaling pathways leading to drug discovery. We summarized the current knowledge on how aGPCRs play critical roles in organ development and discussed how aGPCR mutations/genetic variants cause diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Sreepada
- Department of Biology, Ashoka University, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India
| | - Mansi Tiwari
- Department of Biology, Ashoka University, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India
| | - Kasturi Pal
- Department of Biology, Ashoka University, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India.
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Stachel-mediated activation of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors: insights from cryo-EM studies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:227. [PMID: 35810167 PMCID: PMC9271043 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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