1
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Peng J, Li D, Poulton SW, O'Sullivan GJ, Chew D, Fu Y, Sun X. Episodic intensification of marine phosphorus burial over the last 80 million years. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7446. [PMID: 39198405 PMCID: PMC11358449 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51598-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine phosphatization events cause episodic carbonate fluorapatite (CFA) precipitation on seamounts, and are commonly linked to growth hiatuses in ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts. However, the complete record of these events and their paleoenvironmental significance remains poorly understood, in large part due to poor age constraints. Here, we apply U-Pb dating to CFA in Fe-Mn crusts from Western Pacific seamounts. These data exhibit good alignment with Sr isotope ages, revealing six potential phosphatization events. This established CFA chronology tightens the timespan of phosphatization events and refines the age framework of Fe-Mn crusts. We subsequently utilize a multiproxy approach to demonstrate that the phosphatization events occurred coeval with the expansion of oceanic oxygen minimum zones. The Western Pacific Fe-Mn crusts thus document major perturbations in global oceanic phosphorus cycling, which appear to have been driven by climate-induced increases in primary productivity linked to changes in global ocean circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhou Peng
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Dengfeng Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Simon W Poulton
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gary J O'Sullivan
- Department of Geology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David Chew
- Department of Geology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Yu Fu
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
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2
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Rao ZC, Lueders-Dumont JA, Stringer GL, Ryu Y, Zhao K, Myneni SC, Oleynik S, Haug GH, Martinez-Garcia A, Sigman DM. A nitrogen isotopic shift in fish otolith-bound organic matter during the Late Cretaceous. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2322863121. [PMID: 39074276 PMCID: PMC11317583 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2322863121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The nitrogen isotopes of the organic matter preserved in fossil fish otoliths (ear stones) are a promising tool for reconstructing past environmental changes. We analyzed the 15N/14N ratio (δ15N) of fossil otolith-bound organic matter in Late Cretaceous fish otoliths (of Eutawichthys maastrichtiensis, Eutawichthys zideki and Pterothrissus sp.) from three deposits along the US east coast, with two of Campanian (83.6 to 77.9 Ma) and one Maastrichtian (72.1 to 66 Ma) age. δ15N and N content were insensitive to cleaning protocol and the preservation state of otolith morphological features, and N content differences among taxa were consistent across deposits, pointing to a fossil-native origin for the organic matter. All three species showed an increase in otolith-bound organic matter δ15N of ~4‰ from Campanian to Maastrichtian. As to its cause, the similar change in distinct genera argues against changing trophic level, and modern field data argue against the different locations of the sedimentary deposits. Rather, the lower δ15N in the Campanian is best interpreted as an environmental signal at the regional scale or greater, and it may be a consequence of the warmer global climate. A similar decrease has been observed in foraminifera-bound δ15N during warm periods of the Cenozoic, reflecting decreased water column denitrification and thus contraction of the ocean's oxygen deficient zones (ODZs) under warm conditions. The same δ15N-climate correlation in Cretaceous otoliths raises the prospect of an ODZ-to-climate relationship that has been consistent over the last ~80 My, applying before and after the end-Cretaceous mass extinction and spanning changes in continental configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan C. Rao
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
- Department of Climate Geochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz55128, Germany
| | - Jessica A. Lueders-Dumont
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa0843-03092, Republic of Panama
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA02467
| | - Gary L. Stringer
- Department of Geosciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA71209
| | - Yeongjun Ryu
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
| | - Kewei Zhao
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
| | - Satish C. Myneni
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
| | - Sergey Oleynik
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
| | - Gerald H. Haug
- Department of Climate Geochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz55128, Germany
- Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich8092, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel M. Sigman
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
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3
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Swain A, Woodhouse A, Fagan WF, Fraass AJ, Lowery CM. Biogeographic response of marine plankton to Cenozoic environmental changes. Nature 2024; 629:616-623. [PMID: 38632405 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
In palaeontological studies, groups with consistent ecological and morphological traits across a clade's history (functional groups)1 afford different perspectives on biodiversity dynamics than do species and genera2,3, which are evolutionarily ephemeral. Here we analyse Triton, a global dataset of Cenozoic macroperforate planktonic foraminiferal occurrences4, to contextualize changes in latitudinal equitability gradients1, functional diversity, palaeolatitudinal specialization and community equitability. We identify: global morphological communities becoming less specialized preceding the richness increase after the Cretaceous-Palaeogene extinction; ecological specialization during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum, suggesting inhibitive equatorial temperatures during the peak of the Cenozoic hothouse; increased specialization due to circulation changes across the Eocene-Oligocene transition, preceding the loss of morphological diversity; changes in morphological specialization and richness about 19 million years ago, coeval with pelagic shark extinctions5; delayed onset of changing functional group richness and specialization between hemispheres during the mid-Miocene plankton diversification. The detailed nature of the Triton dataset permits a unique spatiotemporal view of Cenozoic pelagic macroevolution, in which global biogeographic responses of functional communities and richness are decoupled during Cenozoic climate events. The global response of functional groups to similar abiotic selection pressures may depend on the background climatic state (greenhouse or icehouse) to which a group is adapted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Swain
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Adam Woodhouse
- University of Texas Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - William F Fagan
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Fraass
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher M Lowery
- University of Texas Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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4
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Luo A, Chen H, Gao X, Carvalho L, Zhang H, Yang J. The impact of rainfall events on dissolved oxygen concentrations in a subtropical urban reservoir. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117856. [PMID: 38065391 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding controls of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in reservoirs is important as they are important for fisheries and a significant driver of greenhouse gas emissions. The latter is of global significance as IPCC inventories now require greenhouse gas emissions from artificial reservoirs to be included. Declines in dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in lakes and reservoirs have been linked to climate change and human activity. However, these effects can vary widely in any given region under various meteorological conditions. There is a clear need to know how changes in weather patterns affect DO in reservoirs by changing internal processes. Based on a six-year (2016-2021) high-frequency (twice a week) dataset from a shallow urban reservoir (Xinglinwan Reservoir) in subtropical China, the long-term (six years) and short-term (8-72-h) drivers of DO concentrations in surface waters were evaluated. Over the past six years, the concentration of DO has gradually decreased in the reservoir from 2016 to 2021. Multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) models were developed to identify the key factors explaining variability in DO and partial least squares path models (PLS-PM) were used to explore the short-term relationships between DO and environmental variables in rainy and dry (non-rain) periods, separately. We identified three key drivers operating on different time scales. First, the long-term decline of DO in Xinglinwan Reservoir from 2016 to 2021 was best explained by anthropogenic nutrient inputs. Second, rainy periods prior to sampling reduced DO concentrations indirectly by affecting the algal biomass and nutrient concentrations. This effect varied in complexity with the duration of the rainfall period. Third, water temperature best explained DO concentrations during dry periods, while wind reduced DO by reducing algal biomass. We conclude that anthropogenic nutrient and organic matter inputs drive long-term oxygen declines in urban subtropical reservoirs, while meteorological factors determine short-term variability in DO concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Luo
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huihuang Chen
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaofei Gao
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | | | - Hongteng Zhang
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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5
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Moretti S, Auderset A, Deutsch C, Schmitz R, Gerber L, Thomas E, Luciani V, Petrizzo MR, Schiebel R, Tripati A, Sexton P, Norris R, D'Onofrio R, Zachos J, Sigman DM, Haug GH, Martínez-García A. Oxygen rise in the tropical upper ocean during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. Science 2024; 383:727-731. [PMID: 38359106 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh4893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The global ocean's oxygen inventory is declining in response to global warming, but the future of the low-oxygen tropics is uncertain. We report new evidence for tropical oxygenation during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), a warming event that serves as a geologic analog to anthropogenic warming. Foraminifera-bound nitrogen isotopes indicate that the tropical North Pacific oxygen-deficient zone contracted during the PETM. A concomitant increase in foraminifera size implies that oxygen availability rose in the shallow subsurface throughout the tropical North Pacific. These changes are consistent with ocean model simulations of warming, in which a decline in biological productivity allows tropical subsurface oxygen to rise even as global ocean oxygen declines. The tropical oxygen increase may have helped avoid a mass extinction during the PETM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Moretti
- Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- Istituto di Scienze Polari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alexandra Auderset
- Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Curtis Deutsch
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Ronja Schmitz
- Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lukas Gerber
- Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ellen Thomas
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
| | - Valeria Luciani
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Rose Petrizzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra "Ardito Desio," Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ralf Schiebel
- Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Aradhna Tripati
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Philip Sexton
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Richard Norris
- Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Roberta D'Onofrio
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Present address: CNR, Marine Science Institute (ISMAR), Arsenale Castello 2737/f, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - James Zachos
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Daniel M Sigman
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Gerald H Haug
- Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
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6
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Deutsch C, Penn JL, Lucey N. Climate, Oxygen, and the Future of Marine Biodiversity. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2024; 16:217-245. [PMID: 37708422 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-040323-095231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The ocean enabled the diversification of life on Earth by adding O2 to the atmosphere, yet marine species remain most subject to O2 limitation. Human industrialization is intensifying the aerobic challenges to marine ecosystems by depleting the ocean's O2 inventory through the global addition of heat and local addition of nutrients. Historical observations reveal an ∼2% decline in upper-ocean O2 and accelerating reports of coastal mass mortality events. The dynamic balance of O2 supply and demand provides a unifying framework for understanding these phenomena across scales from the global ocean to individual organisms. Using this framework, we synthesize recent advances in forecasting O2 loss and its impacts on marine biogeography, biodiversity, and biogeochemistry. We also highlight three outstanding uncertainties: how long-term global climate change intensifies ocean weather events in which simultaneous heat and hypoxia create metabolic storms, how differential species O2 sensitivities alter the structure of ecological communities, and how global O2 loss intersects with coastal eutrophication. Projecting these interacting impacts on future marine ecosystems requires integration of climate dynamics, biogeochemistry, physiology, and ecology, evaluated with an eye on Earth history. Reducing global and local impacts of warming and O2 loss will be essential if humankind is to preserve the health and biodiversity of the future ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis Deutsch
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA;
- High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Justin L Penn
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA;
| | - Noelle Lucey
- High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Panama
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7
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Dalpadado P, Roxy MK, Arrigo KR, van Dijken GL, Chierici M, Ostrowski M, Skern-Mauritzen R, Bakke G, Richardson AJ, Sperfeld E. Rapid climate change alters the environment and biological production of the Indian Ocean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167342. [PMID: 37758130 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
We synthesize and review the impacts of climate change on the physical, chemical, and biological environments of the Indian Ocean and discuss mitigating actions and knowledge gaps. The most recent climate scenarios identify with high certainty that the Indian Ocean (IO) is experiencing one of the fastest surface warming among the world's oceans. The area of surface waters of >28 °C (IO Warm Pool) has significantly increased during 1982-2021 by expanding into the northern-central basins. A significant decrease in pH and aragonite (building blocks of calcified organisms) levels in the IO was observed from 1981-2020 due to an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. There are also signals of decreasing trends in primary productivity in the north, likely related to enhanced stratification and nutrient depletion. Further, the rapid warming of the IO will manifest more extreme weather conditions along its adjacent continents and oceans, including marine heat waves that are likely to reshape biodiversity. However, the impact of climate change beyond the unprecedented warming, increase in marine heat waves, expansion of the IO Warm Pool, and decrease in pH, remains uncertain for many other key variables in the IO including changes in salinity, oxygen, and net primary production. Understanding the response of these physical, chemical, and biological variables to climate change is vital to project future changes in regional fisheries and identify mitigation actions. We accordingly conclude by identifying knowledge gaps and recommending directions for sustainable fisheries and climate impact studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathew Koll Roxy
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, India
| | - Kevin R Arrigo
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Gert L van Dijken
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Marek Ostrowski
- Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Gunnstein Bakke
- Directorate of Fisheries, Strandgaten 229, 5804 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anthony J Richardson
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, QLD, Australia; CSIRO Environment, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, St Lucia, 4067, Queensland, Australia
| | - Erik Sperfeld
- Animal Ecology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Loitzer Str. 26, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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8
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Dimitrov D, Xu X, Su X, Shrestha N, Liu Y, Kennedy JD, Lyu L, Nogués-Bravo D, Rosindell J, Yang Y, Fjeldså J, Liu J, Schmid B, Fang J, Rahbek C, Wang Z. Diversification of flowering plants in space and time. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7609. [PMID: 37993449 PMCID: PMC10665465 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43396-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid diversification and high species richness of flowering plants is regarded as 'Darwin's second abominable mystery'. Today the global spatiotemporal pattern of plant diversification remains elusive. Using a newly generated genus-level phylogeny and global distribution data for 14,244 flowering plant genera, we describe the diversification dynamics of angiosperms through space and time. Our analyses show that diversification rates increased throughout the early Cretaceous and then slightly decreased or remained mostly stable until the end of the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event 66 million years ago. After that, diversification rates increased again towards the present. Younger genera with high diversification rates dominate temperate and dryland regions, whereas old genera with low diversification dominate the tropics. This leads to a negative correlation between spatial patterns of diversification and genus diversity. Our findings suggest that global changes since the Cenozoic shaped the patterns of flowering plant diversity and support an emerging consensus that diversification rates are higher outside the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar Dimitrov
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, 5020, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172 Blindern, NO-0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xiaoting Xu
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangyan Su
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Nawal Shrestha
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jonathan D Kennedy
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lisha Lyu
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - David Nogués-Bravo
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James Rosindell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Yong Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd., Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jon Fjeldså
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172 Blindern, NO-0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Carsten Rahbek
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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9
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Hou S, Stap LB, Paul R, Nelissen M, Hoem FS, Ziegler M, Sluijs A, Sangiorgi F, Bijl PK. Reconciling Southern Ocean fronts equatorward migration with minor Antarctic ice volume change during Miocene cooling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7230. [PMID: 37945579 PMCID: PMC10636158 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gradual climate cooling and CO2 decline in the Miocene were recently shown not to be associated with major ice volume expansion, challenging a fundamental paradigm in the functioning of the Antarctic cryosphere. Here, we explore Miocene ice-ocean-climate interactions by presenting a multi-proxy reconstruction of subtropical front migration, bottom water temperature and global ice volume change, using dinoflagellate cyst biogeography, benthic foraminiferal clumped isotopes from offshore Tasmania. We report an equatorward frontal migration and strengthening, concurrent with surface and deep ocean cooling but absence of ice volume change in the mid-late-Miocene. To reconcile these counterintuitive findings, we argue based on new ice sheet modelling that the Antarctic ice sheet progressively lowered in height while expanding seawards, to maintain a stable volume. This can be achieved with rigorous intervention in model precipitation regimes on Antarctica and ice-induced ocean cooling and requires rethinking the interactions between ice, ocean and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suning Hou
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Lennert B Stap
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan Paul
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mei Nelissen
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Frida S Hoem
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Ziegler
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Appy Sluijs
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter K Bijl
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Hess AV, Auderset A, Rosenthal Y, Miller KG, Zhou X, Sigman DM, Martínez-García A. A well-oxygenated eastern tropical Pacific during the warm Miocene. Nature 2023; 619:521-525. [PMID: 37380780 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen content of the oceans is susceptible to climate change and has declined in recent decades1, with the largest effect in oxygen-deficient zones (ODZs)2, that is, mid-depth ocean regions with oxygen concentrations <5 μmol kg-1 (ref. 3). Earth-system-model simulations of climate warming predict that ODZs will expand until at least 2100. The response on timescales of hundreds to thousands of years, however, remains uncertain3-5. Here we investigate changes in the response of ocean oxygenation during the warmer-than-present Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO; 17.0-14.8 million years ago (Ma)). Our planktic foraminifera I/Ca and δ15N data, palaeoceanographic proxies sensitive to ODZ extent and intensity, indicate that dissolved-oxygen concentrations in the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) exceeded 100 µmol kg-1 during the MCO. Paired Mg/Ca-derived temperature data suggest that an ODZ developed in response to an increased west-to-east temperature gradient and shoaling of the ETP thermocline. Our records align with model simulations of data from recent decades to centuries6,7, suggesting that weaker equatorial Pacific trade winds during warm periods may lead to decreased upwelling in the ETP, causing equatorial productivity and subsurface oxygen demand to be less concentrated in the east. These findings shed light on how warm-climate states such as during the MCO may affect ocean oxygenation. If the MCO is considered as a possible analogue for future warming, our findings seem to support models suggesting that the recent deoxygenation trend and expansion of the ETP ODZ may eventually reverse3,4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya V Hess
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Alexandra Auderset
- Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yair Rosenthal
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Kenneth G Miller
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daniel M Sigman
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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Leichliter JN, Lüdecke T, Foreman AD, Bourgon N, Duprey NN, Vonhof H, Souksavatdy V, Bacon AM, Sigman DM, Tütken T, Martínez-García A. Tooth enamel nitrogen isotope composition records trophic position: a tool for reconstructing food webs. Commun Biol 2023; 6:373. [PMID: 37029186 PMCID: PMC10082005 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04744-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen isotopes are widely used to study the trophic position of animals in modern food webs; however, their application in the fossil record is severely limited by degradation of organic material during fossilization. In this study, we show that the nitrogen isotope composition of organic matter preserved in mammalian tooth enamel (δ15Nenamel) records diet and trophic position. The δ15Nenamel of modern African mammals shows a 3.7‰ increase between herbivores and carnivores as expected from trophic enrichment, and there is a strong positive correlation between δ15Nenamel and δ15Nbone-collagen values from the same individuals. Additionally, δ15Nenamel values of Late Pleistocene fossil teeth preserve diet and trophic level information, despite complete diagenetic loss of collagen in the same specimens. We demonstrate that δ15Nenamel represents a powerful geochemical proxy for diet that is applicable to fossils and can help delineate major dietary transitions in ancient vertebrate lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Leichliter
- Organic Isotope Geochemistry Group, Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
- Emmy Noether Group for Hominin Meat Consumption, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
- Institute of Geosciences, Department of Applied and Analytical Paleontology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Tina Lüdecke
- Organic Isotope Geochemistry Group, Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
- Emmy Noether Group for Hominin Meat Consumption, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Alan D Foreman
- Organic Isotope Geochemistry Group, Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicolas Bourgon
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicolas N Duprey
- Organic Isotope Geochemistry Group, Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hubert Vonhof
- Inorganic Gas Isotope Geochemistry Group, Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Viengkeo Souksavatdy
- Department of Heritage, Ministry of Information, Culture and Tourism, 0100 Setthathirath Road, Vientiane Capital, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | | | - Daniel M Sigman
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Thomas Tütken
- Institute of Geosciences, Department of Applied and Analytical Paleontology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alfredo Martínez-García
- Organic Isotope Geochemistry Group, Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Petrick B, Reuning L, Auer G, Zhang Y, Pfeiffer M, Schwark L. Warm, not cold temperatures contributed to a Late Miocene reef decline in the Coral Sea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4015. [PMID: 36899047 PMCID: PMC10006184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that in the modern ocean, coral reefs are disappearing, and these losses are tied to climate change. However, research also shows that coral reefs can adapt rapidly to changing conditions leading some researchers to suggest that some reef systems will survive future climate change through adaptation. It is known that there were changes in the area covered by coral reefs in the past. Therefore, it is important to investigate the long-term response of coral reefs to environmental changes and high sea-surface temperatures (SSTs). However, because of diagenetic issues with SST proxies in neritic, metastable carbonate-rich environments, there is an incomplete and sometimes even incorrect understanding of how changes in SSTs affect carbonate reef systems. A good example is the Queensland Plateau offshore northeast Australia next to the threatened Great Barrier Reef. In the Late Miocene, between 11 and 7 Ma, a partial drowning caused the reef area on the Queensland Plateau to decline by ~ 50% leading to a Late Miocene change in platform geometry from a reef rimmed platform to a carbonate ramp. This reef decline was interpreted to be the result of SSTs at the lower limit of the modern reef growth window (20-18 °C). This article presents a new Late Miocene-ased SST record from the Coral Sea based on the TEX86H molecular paleothermometer, challenging this long held view. Our new record indicates warm tropical SSTs (27-32 °C) at the upper end of the modern reef growth window. We suggest that the observed temperatures potentially exceeded the optimal calcification temperatures of corals. In combination with a low aragonite supersaturation in the ocean, this could have reduced coral growth rates and ultimately lowered the aggradation potential of the reef system. These sub-optimal growth rates could have made the coral reefs more susceptible to other stressors, such as relative sea-level rise and/or changes in currents leading to reef drowning. Given that these changes affected coral reefs that were likely adapted to high temperature/low aragonite saturation conditions suggests that reefs that have adapted to non-ideal conditions may still be susceptible to future climate changes due to the interaction of multiple stressors associated with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Petrick
- Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Ludewig-Meyn-Straße 10, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Lars Reuning
- Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Ludewig-Meyn-Straße 10, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerald Auer
- Institute of Earth Sciences, NAWI Graz Geocenter, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 26, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Yige Zhang
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Miriam Pfeiffer
- Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Ludewig-Meyn-Straße 10, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lorenz Schwark
- Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Ludewig-Meyn-Straße 10, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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Lüdecke T, Leichliter JN, Aldeias V, Bamford MK, Biro D, Braun DR, Capelli C, Cybulski JD, Duprey NN, Ferreira da Silva MJ, Foreman AD, Habermann JM, Haug GH, Martínez FI, Mathe J, Mulch A, Sigman DM, Vonhof H, Bobe R, Carvalho S, Martínez-García A. Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen stable isotopes in modern tooth enamel: A case study from Gorongosa National Park, central Mozambique. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.958032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The analyses of the stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N), and oxygen (δ18O) in animal tissues are powerful tools for reconstructing the feeding behavior of individual animals and characterizing trophic interactions in food webs. Of these biomaterials, tooth enamel is the hardest, most mineralized vertebrate tissue and therefore least likely to be affected by chemical alteration (i.e., its isotopic composition can be preserved over millions of years), making it an important and widely available archive for biologists and paleontologists. Here, we present the first combined measurements of δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O in enamel from the teeth of modern fauna (herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores) from the well-studied ecosystem of Gorongosa National Park (GNP) in central Mozambique. We use two novel methods to produce high-precision stable isotope enamel data: (i) the “oxidation-denitrification method,” which permits the measurement of mineral-bound organic nitrogen in tooth enamel (δ15Nenamel), which until now, has not been possible due to enamel’s low organic content, and (ii) the “cold trap method,” which greatly reduces the sample size required for traditional measurements of inorganic δ13Cenamel and δ18Oenamel (from ≥0.5 to ≤0.1 mg), permitting analysis of small or valuable teeth and high-resolution serial sampling of enamel. The stable isotope results for GNP fauna reveal important ecological information about the trophic level, dietary niche, and resource consumption. δ15Nenamel values clearly differentiate trophic level (i.e., carnivore δ15Nenamel values are 4.0‰ higher, on average, than herbivores), δ13Cenamel values distinguish C3 and/or C4 biomass consumption, and δ18Oenamel values reflect local meteoric water (δ18Owater) in the park. Analysis of combined carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen stable isotope data permits geochemical separation of grazers, browsers, omnivores, and carnivores according to their isotopic niche, while mixed-feeding herbivores cannot be clearly distinguished from other dietary groups. These results confirm that combined C, N, and O isotope analyses of a single aliquot of tooth enamel can be used to reconstruct diet and trophic niches. Given its resistance to chemical alteration, the analysis of these three isotopes in tooth enamel has a high potential to open new avenues of research in (paleo)ecology and paleontology.
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