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Lu M. Is aromatic plants environmental health engineering (APEHE) a leverage point of the earth system? Heliyon 2024; 10:e30322. [PMID: 38756557 PMCID: PMC11096952 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
It is important to note that every ecological niche in an ecosystem is significant. This study aims to assess the importance of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) in the ecosystem from multiple perspectives. A primary model of Aromatic Plants Environmental Health Engineering (APEHE) has been designed and constructed. The APEHE system was used to collect aerosol compounds, and it was experimentally verified that these compounds have the potential to impact human health by binding to AKT1 as the primary target, and MMP9 and TLR4 as secondary targets. These compounds may indirectly affect human immunity by reversing drug resistance in drug-resistant bacteria in the nasal cavity. This is mainly achieved through combined mutations in sdhA, scrA, and PEP. Our findings are based on Network pharmacology and molecular binding, drug-resistance rescue experiments, as well as combined transcriptomics and metabolomics experiments. It is suggested that APEHE may have direct or indirect effects on human health. We demonstrate APEHE's numerous potential benefits, such as attenuation and elimination of airborne microorganisms in the environment, enhancing carbon and nitrogen storage in terrestrial ecosystems, promoting the formation of low-level clouds and strengthening the virtuous cycle of Earth's ecosystems. APEHE also supports the development of transdisciplinary technologies, including terpene energy production. It facilitates the creation of a sustainable circular economy and provides additional economic advantages through urban optimisation, as well as fresh insights into areas such as the habitability of other planets. APEHE has the potential to serve as a leverage point for the Earth system. We have created a new research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- MengYu Lu
- HEFEI XIAODOUKOU HEALTH TECH CO LTD, China
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2
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Huang J, Ladd SN, Ingrisch J, Kübert A, Meredith LK, van Haren J, Bamberger I, Daber LE, Kühnhammer K, Bailey K, Hu J, Fudyma J, Shi L, Dippold MA, Meeran K, Miller L, O'Brien MJ, Yang H, Herrera-Ramírez D, Hartmann H, Trumbore S, Bahn M, Werner C, Lehmann MM. The mobilization and transport of newly fixed carbon are driven by plant water use in an experimental rainforest under drought. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2545-2557. [PMID: 38271585 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) are building blocks for biomass and fuel metabolic processes. However, it remains unclear how tropical forests mobilize, export, and transport NSCs to cope with extreme droughts. We combined drought manipulation and ecosystem 13CO2 pulse-labeling in an enclosed rainforest at Biosphere 2, assessed changes in NSCs, and traced newly assimilated carbohydrates in plant species with diverse hydraulic traits and canopy positions. We show that drought caused a depletion of leaf starch reserves and slowed export and transport of newly assimilated carbohydrates below ground. Drought effects were more pronounced in conservative canopy trees with limited supply of new photosynthates and relatively constant water status than in those with continual photosynthetic supply and deteriorated water status. We provide experimental evidence that local utilization, export, and transport of newly assimilated carbon are closely coupled with plant water use in canopy trees. We highlight that these processes are critical for understanding and predicting tree resistance and ecosystem fluxes in tropical forest under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbei Huang
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - S Nemiah Ladd
- Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 30, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Ingrisch
- Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Angelika Kübert
- Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura K Meredith
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1064 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, 32540 S. Biosphere Rd, Oracle, AZ 85739, USA
| | - Joost van Haren
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, 32540 S. Biosphere Rd, Oracle, AZ 85739, USA
- Honors College, University of Arizona, 1101 East Mabel Street, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Ines Bamberger
- Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Atmospheric Chemistry Group, University of Bayreuth (BayCEER), Germany
| | - L Erik Daber
- Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kühnhammer
- Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kinzie Bailey
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1064 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jia Hu
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1064 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jane Fudyma
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lingling Shi
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Geo-Biosphere Interactions, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michaela A Dippold
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Geo-Biosphere Interactions, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kathiravan Meeran
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Luke Miller
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, 32540 S. Biosphere Rd, Oracle, AZ 85739, USA
| | - Michael J O'Brien
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Almería, Spain
| | - Hui Yang
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Henrik Hartmann
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, D-07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute for Forest Protection, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Erwin-Baur-Straße 27, D-06484 Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Susan Trumbore
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Bahn
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christiane Werner
- Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco M Lehmann
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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3
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Dong X, Liu Y, Fan J, Wang G, Fan W, Wang H. Systematic characterization of the influence of petroleum spill on terpene metabolism in Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall from coastal wetland: Implication by compound-specific stable isotope. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123298. [PMID: 38185357 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
With the increasing industrialization and urbanization, the ecological environment is suffering from severe deterioration in Liaohe coastal wetland, and petroleum spill is one of the pollution sources. Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall (S. salsa), one of the predominant plants in Liaohe coastal wetland, is facing the increasing degradation. Terpenes are a class of inherent compounds in plants, and play key role in maintain the growth of plants. However, the environmental stress on the terpene metabolism remained unclear in the plants. In the present study, the influence of petroleum spill on terpene metabolism in S. salsa was systematically investigated by analysis of concentrations, compositions and stable carbon isotope. Under the stress of petroleum spill, terpene concentrations showed the decreasing trend, indicating the inhibition effect of petroleum spill on terpene synthesis in S. salsa. The proportions of Sabinene and A-humulene showed the obviously increased with the influence of petroleum spill, implying that these congeners were more sensitive to petroleum spills. The significant changes in stable carbon isotope compositions were observed for Borneol, Dl-menthol, A-humulene and (-) -@-bisabolol, with the enrichment in heavier isotopes in residual fractions. This result indicated that the heavier 13C was preferentially fixed on terpene by S. salsa under the petroleum stress. The similar change trends along the incubation time was observed for A-humulene and (-) - trans caryophyllene, which might imply that A-humulene was one of the products of (-) - trans caryophyllene in S. salsa. Overall, the findings of present study verified the influence of petroleum spill on terpene metabolism in S. salsa, and were meaningful for protecting the plants in the petroleum-pollution wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China; Environmental Information Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China.
| | - Junwen Fan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Guoguang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Weijia Fan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
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4
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Sukul P, Richter A, Junghanss C, Schubert JK, Miekisch W. Origin of breath isoprene in humans is revealed via multi-omic investigations. Commun Biol 2023; 6:999. [PMID: 37777700 PMCID: PMC10542801 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants, animals and humans metabolically produce volatile isoprene (C5H8). Humans continuously exhale isoprene and exhaled concentrations differ under various physio-metabolic and pathophysiological conditions. Yet unknown metabolic origin hinders isoprene to reach clinical practice as a biomarker. Screening 2000 individuals from consecutive mass-spectrometric studies, we herein identify five healthy German adults without exhaled isoprene. Whole exome sequencing in these adults reveals only one shared homozygous (European prevalence: <1%) IDI2 stop-gain mutation, which causes losses of enzyme active site and Mg2+-cofactor binding sites. Consequently, the conversion of isopentenyl diphosphate to dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) as part of the cholesterol metabolism is prevented in these adults. Targeted sequencing depicts that the IDI2 rs1044261 variant (p.Trp144Stop) is heterozygous in isoprene deficient blood-relatives and absent in unrelated isoprene normal adults. Wild-type IDI1 and cholesterol metabolism related serological parameters are normal in all adults. IDI2 determines isoprene production as only DMAPP sources isoprene and unlike plants, humans lack isoprene synthase and its enzyme homologue. Human IDI2 is expressed only in skeletal-myocellular peroxisomes and instant spikes in isoprene exhalation during muscle activity underpins its origin from muscular lipolytic cholesterol metabolism. Our findings translate isoprene as a clinically interpretable breath biomarker towards potential applications in human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Sukul
- Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Dept. of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Medicine Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Anna Richter
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jochen K Schubert
- Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Dept. of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Medicine Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Wolfram Miekisch
- Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Dept. of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Medicine Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany
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5
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Sugiyama E, Nishiya Y, Yamashita K, Hirokawa R, Iinuma Y, Nirasawa T, Mizuno H, Hamashima Y, Todoroki K. Charged chiral derivatization for enantioselective imaging of D-,L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid using ion mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10916-10919. [PMID: 37606059 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01963b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
A newly synthesized charged chiral tag-enabled enantioselective imaging of D-,L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid, which are independently associated with the regulation of DNA methylation. The tag-conjugated diastereomers were ionized efficiently through MALDI, separated by ion mobility spectrometry, and further separated from other molecules in mass spectrometry. On-tissue chiral derivatization using the tag facilitated the visualization of different distributions of the two isomers in the mouse testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Sugiyama
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Yuki Nishiya
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Kenji Yamashita
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Ryo Hirokawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Yoshiteru Iinuma
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Takashi Nirasawa
- Daltonics Division, Bruker Japan K.K., Moriyacho Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 221-0022, Japan
| | - Hajime Mizuno
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hamashima
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Kenichiro Todoroki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
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6
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Malik TG, Sahu LK, Gupta M, Mir BA, Gajbhiye T, Dubey R, Clavijo McCormick A, Pandey SK. Environmental Factors Affecting Monoterpene Emissions from Terrestrial Vegetation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3146. [PMID: 37687392 PMCID: PMC10489858 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenes are volatile organic compounds that play important roles in atmospheric chemistry, plant physiology, communication, and defense. This review compiles the monoterpene emission flux data reported for different regions and plant species and highlights the role of abiotic environmental factors in controlling the emissions of biogenic monoterpenes and their emission fluxes for terrestrial plant species (including seasonal variations). Previous studies have demonstrated the role and importance of ambient air temperature and light in controlling monoterpene emissions, likely contributing to higher monoterpene emissions during the summer season in temperate regions. In addition to light and temperature dependence, other important environmental variables such as carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), soil moisture, and nutrient availability are also known to influence monoterpene emissions rates, but the information available is still limited. Throughout the paper, we identify knowledge gaps and provide recommendations for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzil Gaffar Malik
- Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India;
- Space and Atmospheric Sciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India;
| | - Lokesh Kumar Sahu
- Space and Atmospheric Sciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India;
| | - Mansi Gupta
- Space and Atmospheric Sciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India;
| | - Bilal Ahmad Mir
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir (North Campus), Delina, Baramulla 193103, Jammu & Kashmir, India;
| | - Triratnesh Gajbhiye
- Department of Botany, Govt. Shankar Sao Patel College Waraseoni, Waraseoni 481331, Madhya Pradesh, India;
| | - Rashmi Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, L.B.S. College, Baloda 495559, Chhattisgarh, India;
| | | | - Sudhir Kumar Pandey
- Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India;
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7
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Pugliese G, Ingrisch J, Meredith LK, Pfannerstill EY, Klüpfel T, Meeran K, Byron J, Purser G, Gil-Loaiza J, van Haren J, Dontsova K, Kreuzwieser J, Ladd SN, Werner C, Williams J. Effects of drought and recovery on soil volatile organic compound fluxes in an experimental rainforest. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5064. [PMID: 37604817 PMCID: PMC10442410 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought can affect the capacity of soils to emit and consume biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here we show the impact of prolonged drought followed by rewetting and recovery on soil VOC fluxes in an experimental rainforest. Under wet conditions the rainforest soil acts as a net VOC sink, in particular for isoprenoids, carbonyls and alcohols. The sink capacity progressively decreases during drought, and at soil moistures below ~19%, the soil becomes a source of several VOCs. Position specific 13C-pyruvate labeling experiments reveal that soil microbes are responsible for the emissions and that the VOC production is higher during drought. Soil rewetting induces a rapid and short abiotic emission peak of carbonyl compounds, and a slow and long biotic emission peak of sulfur-containing compounds. Results show that, the extended drought periods predicted for tropical rainforest regions will strongly affect soil VOC fluxes thereby impacting atmospheric chemistry and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pugliese
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Johannes Ingrisch
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Universität Innsbruck, Department of Ecology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laura K Meredith
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, Oracle, AZ, USA
| | - Eva Y Pfannerstill
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Klüpfel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Joseph Byron
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gemma Purser
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Juliana Gil-Loaiza
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Joost van Haren
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, Oracle, AZ, USA
| | - Katerina Dontsova
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, Oracle, AZ, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jürgen Kreuzwieser
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Nemiah Ladd
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Werner
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
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8
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Ghosh S. Enantioselective terpene emission signifies forest climate response mechanism. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:382-385. [PMID: 36732174 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Forest vegetation produces terpene enantiomers, but atmospheric emission mechanisms and ecological functions remain poorly understood. In a study on the tropical rainforest ecosystem, Byron et al. noticed distinct diel trends and sources of enantiomer emission, and a striking change in (-)-α-pinene emission under severe drought, which might favor cloud formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Ghosh
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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9
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Upshur MA, Bé AG, Luo J, Varelas JG, Geiger FM, Thomson RJ. Organic synthesis in the study of terpene-derived oxidation products in the atmosphere. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:890-921. [PMID: 36938683 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00064d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 1997 up to 2022Volatile biogenic terpenes involved in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles participate in rich atmospheric chemistry that impacts numerous aspects of the earth's complex climate system. Despite the importance of these species, understanding their fate in the atmosphere and determining their atmospherically-relevant properties has been limited by the availability of authentic standards and probe molecules. Advances in synthetic organic chemistry directly aimed at answering these questions have, however, led to exciting discoveries at the interface of chemistry and atmospheric science. Herein we provide a review of the literature regarding the synthesis of commercially unavailable authentic standards used to analyze the composition, properties, and mechanisms of SOA particles in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Alice Upshur
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Ariana Gray Bé
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Jingyi Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Jonathan G Varelas
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Franz M Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Regan J Thomson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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