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Qiao Y, Liu X, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Li Z, Zhu S, Jiang H, Cui Z, Wu S. Wireless Powered Microwave-Light Conversion Platform with Dual-Stimulus Nanoresponder Coating for Deep-Seated Photodynamic Therapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:17086-17099. [PMID: 38952327 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Traditional external field-assisted therapies, e.g., microwave (MW) therapy and phototherapy, cannot effectively and minimally damage eliminate deep-seated infection, owing to the poor penetrability of light and low reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulation capability of MW. Herein, an implantable and wireless-powered therapeutic platform (CNT-FeTHQ-TS), in which external MW can be converted into internal light via MW wireless-powered light-emitting chips, is designed to eradicate deep-seated tissue infections by MW-induced deep-seated photodynamic therapy. In application, CNT-FeTHQ-TS is implanted at internal lesions, and the chip emits light under external MW irradiation. Subsequently, CNT-FeTHQ coating in the platform can respond to both MW and light simultaneously to generate ROS and MW-hyperthermia for rapid and precise sterilization at focus. Importantly, MW also improves the photodynamic performance of CNT-FeTHQ by introducing vacancies in FeTHQ to facilitate the photoexcitation process and changing the spin state of electrons to inhibit the complexation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, which were confirmed by simulation calculations and in situ MW-irradiated photoluminescence experiments. In vivo, CNT-FeTHQ-TS can effectively cure mice with Staphylococcus aureus infection in dorsal subcutaneous tissue. This work overcomes the key clinical limitations of safe energy transmission and conversion for treating deep-seated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Qiao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiangmei Liu
- School of Life Science and Health Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Xiping Avenue 5340, Beichen District, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shengli Zhu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhenduo Cui
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuilin Wu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Chen XY, Biswas S, Eppelt S, Schindewolf A, Deng F, Shi T, Yi S, Hilker TA, Bloch I, Luo XY. Ultracold field-linked tetratomic molecules. Nature 2024; 626:283-287. [PMID: 38297128 PMCID: PMC10849947 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06986-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Ultracold polyatomic molecules offer opportunities1 in cold chemistry2,3, precision measurements4 and quantum information processing5,6, because of their rich internal structure. However, their increased complexity compared with diatomic molecules presents a challenge in using conventional cooling techniques. Here we demonstrate an approach to create weakly bound ultracold polyatomic molecules by electroassociation7 (F.D. et al., manuscript in preparation) in a degenerate Fermi gas of microwave-dressed polar molecules through a field-linked resonance8-11. Starting from ground-state NaK molecules, we create around 1.1 × 103 weakly bound tetratomic (NaK)2 molecules, with a phase space density of 0.040(3) at a temperature of 134(3) nK, more than 3,000 times colder than previously realized tetratomic molecules12. We observe a maximum tetramer lifetime of 8(2) ms in free space without a notable change in the presence of an optical dipole trap, indicating that these tetramers are collisionally stable. Moreover, we directly image the dissociated tetramers through microwave-field modulation to probe the anisotropy of their wavefunction in momentum space. Our result demonstrates a universal tool for assembling weakly bound ultracold polyatomic molecules from smaller polar molecules, which is a crucial step towards Bose-Einstein condensation of polyatomic molecules and towards a new crossover from a dipolar Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superfluid13-15 to a Bose-Einstein condensation of tetramers. Moreover, the long-lived field-linked state provides an ideal starting point for deterministic optical transfer to deeply bound tetramer states16-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yan Chen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
| | - Shrestha Biswas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eppelt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Schindewolf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
| | - Fulin Deng
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- AS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Su Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- AS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Timon A Hilker
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
| | - Immanuel Bloch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Xin-Yu Luo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany.
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich, Germany.
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3
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Quéméner G, Bohn JL, Croft JFE. Electroassociation of Ultracold Dipolar Molecules into Tetramer Field-Linked States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:043402. [PMID: 37566851 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.043402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The presence of electric or microwave fields can modify the long-range forces between ultracold dipolar molecules in such a way as to engineer weakly bound states of molecule pairs. These so-called field-linked states [A. V. Avdeenkov and J. L. Bohn, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 043006 (2003).PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.90.043006; L. Lassablière and G. Quéméner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 163402 (2018).PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.121.163402], in which the separation between the two bound molecules can be orders of magnitude larger than the molecules themselves, have been observed as resonances in scattering experiments [X.-Y. Chen et al., Nature (London) 614, 59 (2023).NATUAS0028-083610.1038/s41586-022-05651-8]. Here, we propose to use them as tools for the assembly of weakly bound tetramer molecules, by means of ramping an electric field, the electric-field analog of magnetoassociation in atoms. This ability would present new possibilities for constructing ultracold polyatomic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goulven Quéméner
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - John L Bohn
- JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - James F E Croft
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand and Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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4
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Deng F, Chen XY, Luo XY, Zhang W, Yi S, Shi T. Effective Potential and Superfluidity of Microwave-Shielded Polar Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:183001. [PMID: 37204905 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.183001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We analytically show that the effective interaction potential between microwave-shielded polar molecules consists of an anisotropic van der Waals-like shielding core and a modified dipolar interaction. This effective potential is validated by comparing its scattering cross sections with those calculated using intermolecular potential involving all interaction channels. It is shown that a scattering resonance can be induced under microwave fields reachable in current experiments. With the effective potential, we further study the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer pairing in the microwave-shielded NaK gas. We show that the superfluid critical temperature is drastically enhanced near the resonance. As the effective potential is suitable for exploring the many-body physics of molecular gases, our results pave the way for studies of the ultracold gases of microwave-shielded molecular gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Deng
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xing-Yan Chen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Xin-Yu Luo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Wenxian Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430206, China
| | - Su Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tao Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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5
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Margulis B, Horn KP, Reich DM, Upadhyay M, Kahn N, Christianen A, van der Avoird A, Groenenboom GC, Koch CP, Meuwly M, Narevicius E. Tomography of Feshbach resonance states. Science 2023; 380:77-81. [PMID: 37023184 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf9888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Feshbach resonances are fundamental to interparticle interactions and become particularly important in cold collisions with atoms, ions, and molecules. In this work, we present the detection of Feshbach resonances in a benchmark system for strongly interacting and highly anisotropic collisions: molecular hydrogen ions colliding with noble gas atoms. The collisions are launched by cold Penning ionization, which exclusively populates Feshbach resonances that span both short- and long-range parts of the interaction potential. We resolved all final molecular channels in a tomographic manner using ion-electron coincidence detection. We demonstrate the nonstatistical nature of the final-state distribution. By performing quantum scattering calculations on ab initio potential energy surfaces, we show that the isolation of the Feshbach resonance pathways reveals their distinctive fingerprints in the collision outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baruch Margulis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Karl P Horn
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel M Reich
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Meenu Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Arthur Christianen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ad van der Avoird
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gerrit C Groenenboom
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Christiane P Koch
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Meuwly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edvardas Narevicius
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität, Dortmund, Germany
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Ultracold molecules find the sweet spot for collisions. Nature 2023; 614:35-36. [PMID: 36725989 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-00242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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