1
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Zych MG, Hatch EM. Small spaces, big problems: The abnormal nucleoplasm of micronuclei and its consequences. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2024; 87:102839. [PMID: 38763098 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2024.102839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Micronuclei (MN) form from missegregated chromatin that recruits its own nuclear envelope during mitotic exit and are a common consequence of chromosomal instability. MN are unstable due to errors in nuclear envelope organization and frequently rupture, leading to loss of compartmentalization, loss of nuclear functions, and major changes in genome stability and gene expression. However, recent work found that, even prior to rupture, nuclear processes can be severely defective in MN, which may contribute to rupture-associated defects and have lasting consequences for chromatin structure and function. In this review we discuss work that highlights nuclear function defects in intact MN, including their mechanisms and consequences, and how biases in chromosome missegregation into MN may affect the penetrance of these defects. Illuminating the nuclear environment of MN demonstrates that MN formation alone has major consequences for both the genome and cell and provides new insight into how nuclear content is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly G Zych
- Molecular and Cellular Biology PhD Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA. https://twitter.com/ZychMolly
| | - Emily M Hatch
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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2
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Chen X, Agustinus AS, Li J, DiBona M, Bakhoum SF. Chromosomal instability as a driver of cancer progression. Nat Rev Genet 2024:10.1038/s41576-024-00761-7. [PMID: 39075192 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-024-00761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) refers to an increased propensity of cells to acquire structural and numerical chromosomal abnormalities during cell division, which contributes to tumour genetic heterogeneity. CIN has long been recognized as a hallmark of cancer, and evidence over the past decade has strongly linked CIN to tumour evolution, metastasis, immune evasion and treatment resistance. Until recently, the mechanisms by which CIN propels cancer progression have remained elusive. Beyond the generation of genomic copy number heterogeneity, recent work has unveiled additional tumour-promoting consequences of abnormal chromosome segregation. These mechanisms include complex chromosomal rearrangements, epigenetic reprogramming and the induction of cancer cell-intrinsic inflammation, emphasizing the multifaceted role of CIN in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Albert S Agustinus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melody DiBona
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel F Bakhoum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Zhou Y, Na C, Li Z. Novel insights into immune cells modulation of tumor resistance. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 202:104457. [PMID: 39038527 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor resistance poses a significant challenge to effective cancer treatment, making it imperative to explore new therapeutic strategies. Recent studies have highlighted the profound involvement of immune cells in the development of tumor resistance. Within the tumor microenvironment, macrophages undergo polarization into the M2 phenotype, thus promoting the emergence of drug-resistant tumors. Neutrophils contribute to tumor resistance by forming extracellular traps. While T cells and natural killer (NK) cells exert their impact through direct cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Additionally, dendritic cells (DCs) have been implicated in preventing tumor drug resistance by stimulating T cell activation. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge regarding immune cell-mediated modulation of tumor resistance at the molecular level, with a particular focus on macrophages, neutrophils, DCs, T cells, and NK cells. The targeting of immune cell modulation exhibits considerable potential for addressing drug resistance, and an in-depth understanding of the molecular interactions between immune cells and tumor cells holds promise for the development of innovative therapies. Furthermore, we explore the clinical implications of these immune cells in the treatment of drug-resistant tumors. This review emphasizes the exploration of novel approaches that harness the functional capabilities of immune cells to effectively overcome drug-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Chuhan Na
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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4
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McPherson A, Vázquez-García I, Myers MA, Zatzman M, Al-Rawi D, Weiner A, Freeman S, Mohibullah N, Satas G, Williams MJ, Ceglia N, Zhang AW, Li J, Lim JLP, Wu M, Choi S, Havasov E, Grewal D, Shi H, Kim M, Schwarz R, Kaufmann T, Dinh KN, Uhlitz F, Tran J, Wu Y, Patel R, Ramakrishnan S, Kim D, Clarke J, Green H, Ali E, DiBona M, Varice N, Kundra R, Broach V, Gardner GJ, Roche KL, Sonoda Y, Zivanovic O, Kim SH, Grisham RN, Liu YL, Viale A, Rusk N, Lakhman Y, Ellenson LH, Tavaré S, Aparicio S, Chi DS, Aghajanian C, Abu-Rustum NR, Friedman CF, Zamarin D, Weigelt B, Bakhoum SF, Shah SP. Ongoing genome doubling promotes evolvability and immune dysregulation in ovarian cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.11.602772. [PMID: 39071261 PMCID: PMC11275742 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.11.602772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Whole-genome doubling (WGD) is a critical driver of tumor development and is linked to drug resistance and metastasis in solid malignancies. Here, we demonstrate that WGD is an ongoing mutational process in tumor evolution. Using single-cell whole-genome sequencing, we measured and modeled how WGD events are distributed across cellular populations within tumors and associated WGD dynamics with properties of genome diversification and phenotypic consequences of innate immunity. We studied WGD evolution in 65 high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) tissue samples from 40 patients, yielding 29,481 tumor cell genomes. We found near-ubiquitous evidence of WGD as an ongoing mutational process promoting cell-cell diversity, high rates of chromosomal missegregation, and consequent micronucleation. Using a novel mutation-based WGD timing method, doubleTime , we delineated specific modes by which WGD can drive tumor evolution: (i) unitary evolutionary origin followed by significant diversification, (ii) independent WGD events on a pre-existing background of copy number diversity, and (iii) evolutionarily late clonal expansions of WGD populations. Additionally, through integrated single-cell RNA sequencing and high-resolution immunofluorescence microscopy, we found that inflammatory signaling and cGAS-STING pathway activation result from ongoing chromosomal instability and are restricted to tumors that remain predominantly diploid. This contrasted with predominantly WGD tumors, which exhibited significant quiescent and immunosuppressive phenotypic states. Together, these findings establish WGD as an evolutionarily 'active' mutational process that promotes evolvability and dysregulated immunity in late stage ovarian cancer.
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5
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Al-Rawi DH, Lettera E, Li J, DiBona M, Bakhoum SF. Targeting chromosomal instability in patients with cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024:10.1038/s41571-024-00923-w. [PMID: 38992122 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00923-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer and a driver of metastatic dissemination, therapeutic resistance, and immune evasion. CIN is present in 60-80% of human cancers and poses a formidable therapeutic challenge as evidenced by the lack of clinically approved drugs that directly target CIN. This limitation in part reflects a lack of well-defined druggable targets as well as a dearth of tractable biomarkers enabling direct assessment and quantification of CIN in patients with cancer. Over the past decade, however, our understanding of the cellular mechanisms and consequences of CIN has greatly expanded, revealing novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chromosomally unstable tumours as well as new methods of assessing the dynamic nature of chromosome segregation errors that define CIN. In this Review, we describe advances that have shaped our understanding of CIN from a translational perspective, highlighting both challenges and opportunities in the development of therapeutic interventions for patients with chromosomally unstable cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa H Al-Rawi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emanuele Lettera
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melody DiBona
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel F Bakhoum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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6
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Yang J, Luo Z, Ma J, Wang Y, Cheng N. A next-generation STING agonist MSA-2: From mechanism to application. J Control Release 2024; 371:273-287. [PMID: 38789087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) connects the innate and adaptive immune system and plays a significant role in antitumor immunity. Over the past decades, endogenous and CDN-derived STING agonists have been a hot topic in the research of cancer immunotherapies. However, these STING agonists are either in infancy with limited biological effects or have failed in clinical trials. In 2020, a non-nucleotide STING agonist MSA-2 was identified, which exhibited satisfactory antitumor effects in animal studies and is amenable to oral administration. Due to its distinctive binding mode and enhanced bioavailability, there have been accumulating interests and an array of studies on MSA-2 and its derivatives, spanning its structure-activity relationship, delivery systems, applications in combination therapies, etc. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of MSA-2 and interventional strategies based on this family of STING agonists to help more researchers extend the investigation on MSA-2 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhan Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jingyi Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ningtao Cheng
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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7
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Lanng KRB, Lauridsen EL, Jakobsen MR. The balance of STING signaling orchestrates immunity in cancer. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:1144-1157. [PMID: 38918609 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, it has become clear that the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is critical for a variety of immune responses. This endoplasmic reticulum-anchored adaptor protein has regulatory functions in host immunity across a spectrum of conditions, including infectious diseases, autoimmunity, neurobiology and cancer. In this Review, we outline the central importance of STING in immunological processes driven by expression of type I and III interferons, as well as inflammatory cytokines, and we look at therapeutic options for targeting STING. We also examine evidence that challenges the prevailing notion that STING activation is predominantly beneficial in combating cancer. Further exploration is imperative to discern whether STING activation in the tumor microenvironment confers true benefits or has detrimental effects. Research in this field is at a crossroads, as a clearer understanding of the nuanced functions of STING activation in cancer is required for the development of next-generation therapies.
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8
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Yu X, Cai L, Yao J, Li C, Wang X. Agonists and Inhibitors of the cGAS-STING Pathway. Molecules 2024; 29:3121. [PMID: 38999073 PMCID: PMC11243509 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is pivotal in immunotherapy. Several agonists and inhibitors of the cGAS-STING pathway have been developed and evaluated for the treatment of various diseases. The agonists aim to activate STING, with cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) being the most common, while the inhibitors aim to block the enzymatic activity or DNA binding ability of cGAS. Meanwhile, non-CDN compounds and cGAS agonists are also gaining attention. The omnipresence of the cGAS-STING pathway in vivo indicates that its overactivation could lead to undesired inflammatory responses and autoimmune diseases, which underscores the necessity of developing both agonists and inhibitors of the cGAS-STING pathway. This review describes the molecular traits and roles of the cGAS-STING pathway and summarizes the development of cGAS-STING agonists and inhibitors. The information is supposed to be conducive to the design of novel drugs for targeting the cGAS-STING pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Yu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Linxiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingyue Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Cenming Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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9
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Klockner TC, Campbell CS. Selection forces underlying aneuploidy patterns in cancer. Mol Cell Oncol 2024; 11:2369388. [PMID: 38919375 PMCID: PMC11197905 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2024.2369388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Aneuploidy, the presence of an aberrant number of chromosomes, has been associated with tumorigenesis for over a century. More recently, advances in karyotyping techniques have revealed its high prevalence in cancer: About 90% of solid tumors and 50-70% of hematopoietic cancers exhibit chromosome gains or losses. When analyzed at the level of specific chromosomes, there are strong patterns that are observed in cancer karyotypes both pan-cancer and for specific cancer types. These specific aneuploidy patterns correlate strongly with outcomes for tumor initiation, progression, metastasis formation, immune evasion and resistance to therapeutic treatment. Despite their prominence, understanding the basis underlying aneuploidy patterns in cancer has been challenging. Advances in genetic engineering and bioinformatic analyses now offer insights into the genetic determinants of aneuploidy pattern selection. Overall, there is substantial evidence that expression changes of particular genes can act as the positive selective forces for adaptation through aneuploidy. Recent findings suggest that multiple genes contribute to the selection of specific aneuploid chromosomes in cancer; however, further research is necessary to identify the most impactful driver genes. Determining the genetic basis and accompanying vulnerabilities of specific aneuploidy patterns is an essential step in selectively targeting these hallmarks of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara C. Klockner
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Center for Molecular Biology, Department of Chromosome Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- A Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher S. Campbell
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Center for Molecular Biology, Department of Chromosome Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Najem H, Lea ST, Tripathi S, Hurley L, Chen CH, William I, Sooreshjani M, Bowie M, Hartley G, Dussold C, Pacheco S, Dmello C, Lee-Chang C, McCortney K, Steffens A, Walshon J, Ott M, Wei J, Marisetty A, Balyasnikova I, Stupp R, Lukas RV, Hu J, James CD, Horbinski CM, Lesniak MS, Ashley DM, Priebe W, Platanias LC, Curran MA, Heimberger AB. STING agonist 8803 reprograms the immune microenvironment and increases survival in preclinical models of glioblastoma. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e175033. [PMID: 38941297 PMCID: PMC11178548 DOI: 10.1172/jci175033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
STING agonists can reprogram the tumor microenvironment to induce immunological clearance within the central nervous system. Using multiplexed sequential immunofluorescence (SeqIF) and the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas, STING expression was found in myeloid populations and in the perivascular space. The STING agonist 8803 increased median survival in multiple preclinical models of glioblastoma, including QPP8, an immune checkpoint blockade-resistant model, where 100% of mice were cured. Ex vivo flow cytometry profiling during the therapeutic window demonstrated increases in myeloid tumor trafficking and activation, alongside enhancement of CD8+ T cell and NK effector responses. Treatment with 8803 reprogrammed microglia to express costimulatory CD80/CD86 and iNOS, while decreasing immunosuppressive CD206 and arginase. In humanized mice, where tumor cell STING is epigenetically silenced, 8803 therapeutic activity was maintained, further attesting to myeloid dependency and reprogramming. Although the combination with a STAT3 inhibitor did not further enhance STING agonist activity, the addition of anti-PD-1 antibodies to 8803 treatment enhanced survival in an immune checkpoint blockade-responsive glioma model. In summary, 8803 as a monotherapy demonstrates marked in vivo therapeutic activity, meriting consideration for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinda Najem
- Department of Neurological Surgery and
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Spencer T. Lea
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shashwat Tripathi
- Department of Neurological Surgery and
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lisa Hurley
- Department of Neurological Surgery and
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chao-Hsien Chen
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ivana William
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Moloud Sooreshjani
- Department of Neurological Surgery and
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michelle Bowie
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Genevieve Hartley
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Corey Dussold
- Department of Neurological Surgery and
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sebastian Pacheco
- Department of Neurological Surgery and
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Crismita Dmello
- Department of Neurological Surgery and
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Catalina Lee-Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery and
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathleen McCortney
- Department of Neurological Surgery and
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alicia Steffens
- Department of Neurological Surgery and
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jordain Walshon
- Department of Neurological Surgery and
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Jun Wei
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Irina Balyasnikova
- Department of Neurological Surgery and
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Roger Stupp
- Department of Neurological Surgery and
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rimas V. Lukas
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology and
| | - Charles David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery and
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Craig M. Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery and
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maciej S. Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery and
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David M. Ashley
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Waldemar Priebe
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Moleculin, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Leonidas C. Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael A. Curran
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amy B. Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery and
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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11
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Toufektchan E, Dananberg A, Striepen J, Hickling JH, Shim A, Chen Y, Nichols A, Duran Paez MA, Mohr L, Bakhoum SF, Maciejowski J. Intratumoral TREX1 Induction Promotes Immune Evasion by Limiting Type I IFN. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:673-686. [PMID: 38408184 PMCID: PMC11148545 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability is a hallmark of human cancer that is associated with aggressive disease characteristics. Chromosome mis-segregations help fuel natural selection, but they risk provoking a cGAS-STING immune response through the accumulation of cytosolic DNA. The mechanisms of how tumors benefit from chromosomal instability while mitigating associated risks, such as enhanced immune surveillance, are poorly understood. Here, we identify cGAS-STING-dependent upregulation of the nuclease TREX1 as an adaptive, negative feedback mechanism that promotes immune evasion through digestion of cytosolic DNA. TREX1 loss diminishes tumor growth, prolongs survival of host animals, increases tumor immune infiltration, and potentiates response to immune checkpoint blockade selectively in tumors capable of mounting a type I IFN response downstream of STING. Together, these data demonstrate that TREX1 induction shields chromosomally unstable tumors from immune surveillance by dampening type I IFN production and suggest that TREX1 inhibitors might be used to selectively target tumors that have retained the inherent ability to mount an IFN response downstream of STING. See related article by Lim et al., p. 663.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Toufektchan
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alexandra Dananberg
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Josefine Striepen
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James H. Hickling
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Abraham Shim
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yanyang Chen
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ashley Nichols
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mercedes A. Duran Paez
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lisa Mohr
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Samuel F. Bakhoum
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - John Maciejowski
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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12
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Zhao Y, He S, Zhao M, Huang Q. Surviving the Storm: The Role of Poly- and Depolyploidization in Tissues and Tumors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306318. [PMID: 38629780 PMCID: PMC11199982 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Polyploidization and depolyploidization are critical processes in the normal development and tissue homeostasis of diploid organisms. Recent investigations have revealed that polyaneuploid cancer cells (PACCs) exploit this ploidy variation as a survival strategy against anticancer treatment and for the repopulation of tumors. Unscheduled polyploidization and chromosomal instability in PACCs enhance malignancy and treatment resistance. However, their inability to undergo mitosis causes catastrophic cellular death in most PACCs. Adaptive ploid reversal mechanisms, such as multipolar mitosis, centrosome clustering, meiosis-like division, and amitosis, counteract this lethal outcome and drive cancer relapse. The purpose of this work is to focus on PACCs induced by cytotoxic therapy, highlighting the latest discoveries in ploidy dynamics in physiological and pathological contexts. Specifically, by emphasizing the role of "poly-depolyploidization" in tumor progression, the aim is to identify novel therapeutic targets or paradigms for combating diseases associated with aberrant ploidies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucui Zhao
- Cancer CenterShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai201620China
- Department of Radiation OncologySecond Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310009China
| | - Sijia He
- Cancer CenterShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai201620China
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Cancer CenterShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai201620China
- Department of Radiation OncologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
| | - Qian Huang
- Cancer CenterShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai201620China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic DiseasesShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai201620China
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13
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Zhou Z, Huang S, Fan F, Xu Y, Moore C, Li S, Han C. The multiple faces of cGAS-STING in antitumor immunity: prospects and challenges. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:173-191. [PMID: 38919400 PMCID: PMC11195429 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
As a key sensor of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) detects cytosolic dsDNA and initiates the synthesis of 2'3' cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) that activates the stimulator of interferon genes (STING). This finally promotes the production of type I interferons (IFN-I) that is crucial for bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Recent evidence show that several antitumor therapies, including radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy, targeted therapies and immunotherapies, activate the cGAS-STING pathway to provoke the antitumor immunity. In the last decade, the development of STING agonists has been a major focus in both basic research and the pharmaceutical industry. However, up to now, none of STING agonists have been approved for clinical use. Considering the broad expression of STING in whole body and the direct lethal effect of STING agonists on immune cells in the draining lymph node (dLN), research on the optimal way to activate STING in tumor microenvironment (TME) appears to be a promising direction. Moreover, besides enhancing IFN-I signaling, the cGAS-STING pathway also plays roles in senescence, autophagy, apoptosis, mitotic arrest, and DNA repair, contributing to tumor development and metastasis. In this review, we summarize the recent advances on cGAS-STING pathway's response to antitumor therapies and the strategies involving this pathway for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheqi Zhou
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sanling Huang
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangying Fan
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Casey Moore
- Departments of Immunology, Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sirui Li
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chuanhui Han
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
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14
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Ibarra-Arellano MA, Caprio LA, Hada A, Stotzem N, Cai L, Shah S, Melms JC, Wünneman F, Izar B, Schapiro D. micronuclAI: Automated quantification of micronuclei for assessment of chromosomal instability. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.24.595722. [PMID: 38854106 PMCID: PMC11160592 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer that drives metastasis, immune evasion and treatment resistance. CIN results from chromosome mis-segregation events during anaphase, as excessive chromatin is packaged in micronuclei (MN), that can be enumerated to quantify CIN. Despite recent advancements in automation through computer vision and machine learning, the assessment of CIN remains a predominantly manual and time-consuming task, thus hampering important work in the field. Here, we present micronuclAI , a novel pipeline for automated and reliable quantification of MN of varying size, morphology and location from DNA-only stained images. In micronucleAI , single-cell crops are extracted from high-resolution microscopy images with the help of segmentation masks, which are then used to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) to output the number of MN associated with each cell. The pipeline was evaluated against manual single-cell level counts by experts and against routinely used MN ratio within the complete image. The classifier was able to achieve a weighted F1 score of 0.937 on the test dataset and the complete pipeline can achieve close to human-level performance on various datasets derived from multiple human and murine cancer cell lines. The pipeline achieved a root-mean-square deviation (RMSE) value of 0.0041, an R 2 of 0.87 and a Pearson's correlation of 0.938 on images obtained at 10X magnification. We tested the approach in otherwise isogenic cell lines in which we genetically dialed up or down CIN rates, and also on a publicly available image data set (obtained at 100X) and achieved an RMSE value of 0.0159, an R 2 of 0.90, and a Pearson's correlation of 0.951. Given the increasing interest in developing therapies for CIN-driven cancers, this method provides an important, scalable, and rapid approach to quantifying CIN on routinely obtained images. We release a GUI-implementation for easy access and utilization of the pipeline.
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15
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Qian W, Ye J, Xia S. DNA sensing of dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1391046. [PMID: 38841190 PMCID: PMC11150630 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1391046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are involved in the initiation and maintenance of immune responses against malignant cells by recognizing conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). According to recent studies, tumor cell-derived DNA molecules act as DAMPs and are recognized by DNA sensors in DCs. Once identified by sensors in DCs, these DNA molecules trigger multiple signaling cascades to promote various cytokines secretion, including type I IFN, and then to induce DCs mediated antitumor immunity. As one of the potential attractive strategies for cancer therapy, various agonists targeting DNA sensors are extensively explored including the combination with other cancer immunotherapies or the direct usage as major components of cancer vaccines. Moreover, this review highlights different mechanisms through which tumor-derived DNA initiates DCs activation and the mechanisms through which the tumor microenvironment regulates DNA sensing of DCs to promote tumor immune escape. The contributions of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and checkpoint inhibitors in tumor therapy to the DNA sensing of DCs are also discussed. Finally, recent clinical progress in tumor therapy utilizing agonist-targeted DNA sensors is summarized. Indeed, understanding more about DNA sensing in DCs will help to understand more about tumor immunotherapy and improve the efficacy of DC-targeted treatment in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- The Center for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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16
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Huang M, Cha Z, Liu R, Lin M, Gafoor NA, Kong T, Ge F, Chen W. Enhancing immunotherapy outcomes by targeted remodeling of the tumor microenvironment via combined cGAS-STING pathway strategies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1399926. [PMID: 38817608 PMCID: PMC11137211 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1399926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent a groundbreaking advance in the treatment of malignancies such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer, showcasing substantial therapeutic benefits. Nonetheless, the efficacy of ICIs is limited to a small subset of patients, primarily benefiting those with "hot" tumors characterized by significant immune infiltration. The challenge of converting "cold" tumors, which exhibit minimal immune activity, into "hot" tumors to enhance their responsiveness to ICIs is a critical and complex area of current research. Central to this endeavor is the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, a pivotal nexus between innate and adaptive immunity. This pathway's activation promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN) and the recruitment of CD8+ T cells, thereby transforming the tumor microenvironment (TME) from "cold" to "hot". This review comprehensively explores the cGAS-STING pathway's role in reconditioning the TME, detailing the underlying mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity and highlighting the contributions of various immune cells to tumor immunity. Furthermore, we delve into the latest clinical research on STING agonists and their potential in combination therapies, targeting this pathway. The discussion concludes with an examination of the challenges facing the advancement of promising STING agonists in clinical trials and the pressing issues within the cGAS-STING signaling pathway research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqing Huang
- Third Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Zhuocen Cha
- Third Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
- Guizhou Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guizhou, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Mengping Lin
- Third Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Naif Abdul Gafoor
- International Education School of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tong Kong
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenlin Chen
- Third Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
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17
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Li L. Stimulating STING for cancer therapy: Taking the extracellular route. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:851-861. [PMID: 38723635 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Ten years ago, the second messenger cGAMP was discovered as the activator of the anti-cancer STING pathway. The characterization of cGAMP's paracrine action and dominant extracellular hydrolase ENPP1 cemented cGAMP as an intercellular immunotransmitter that coordinates the innate and adaptive immune systems to fight cancer. In this Perspective, I look back at a decade of discovery of extracellular cGAMP biology and drug development aiming to supply or preserve extracellular cGAMP for cancer treatment. Reviewing our understanding of the cell type-specific regulatory mechanisms of STING agonists, including their transporters and degradation enzymes, I explain on a molecular and cellular level the successes and challenges of direct STING agonists for cancer therapy. Based on what we know now, I propose new ways to stimulate the STING pathway in a manner that is not only cancer specific, but also cell type specific to fully harness the anti-cancer effect of cGAMP while avoiding collateral damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyin Li
- Arc Institute, Palo Alto, CA, 94304 USA; Department of Biochemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305 USA.
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18
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Ma XY, Chen MM, Meng LH. Second messenger 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (2'3'-cGAMP): the cell autonomous and non-autonomous roles in cancer progression. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:890-899. [PMID: 38177693 PMCID: PMC11053103 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) is frequently accumulated in cancer cells due to chromosomal instability or exogenous stimulation. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) acts as a cytosolic DNA sensor, which is activated upon binding to dsDNA to synthesize the crucial second messenger 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (2'3'-cGAMP) that in turn triggers stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling. The canonical role of cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway is essential for innate immunity and viral defense. Recent emerging evidence indicates that 2'3'-cGAMP plays an important role in cancer progression via cell autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms. Beyond its role as an intracellular messenger to activate STING signaling in tumor cells, 2'3'-cGAMP also serves as an immunotransmitter produced by cancer cells to modulate the functions of non-tumor cells especially immune cells in the tumor microenvironment by activating STING signaling. In this review, we summarize the synthesis, transmission, and degradation of 2'3'-cGAMP as well as the dual functions of 2'3'-cGAMP in a STING-dependent manner. Additionally, we discuss the potential therapeutic strategies that harness the cGAMP-mediated antitumor response for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Ma
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Man-Man Chen
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ling-Hua Meng
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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19
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Xin GF, Chen NN, Li LL, Liu XC, Che CC, Wu BD, You QD, Xu XL. An updated patent review of stimulator of interferon genes agonists (2021 - present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:297-313. [PMID: 38849323 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2365409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) is an innate immune sensor. Activation of STING triggers a downstream response that results in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) via nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) or the expression of type I interferons (IFNs) via an interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). IFNs can eventually result in promotion of the adaptive immune response including activation of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells to abolish the tumor. Consequently, activation of STING has been considered as a potential strategy for cancer treatment. AREAS COVERED This article provides an overview on structures and pharmacological data of CDN-like and non-nucleotide STING agonists acting as anticancer agents (January 2021 to October 2023) from a medicinal chemistry perspective. The data in this review come from EPO, WIPO, RCSB PDB, CDDI. EXPERT OPINION In recent years, several structurally diverse STING agonists have been identified. As an immune enhancer, they are used in the treatment of tumors, which has received extensive attention from scientific community and pharmaceutical companies. Despite the multiple challenges that have appeared, STING agonists may offer opportunities for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Feng Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan-Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue-Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Chen Che
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei-Duo Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi-Dong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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20
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De Martino M, Rathmell JC, Galluzzi L, Vanpouille-Box C. Cancer cell metabolism and antitumour immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01026-4. [PMID: 38649722 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that metabolic rewiring in malignant cells supports tumour progression not only by providing cancer cells with increased proliferative potential and an improved ability to adapt to adverse microenvironmental conditions but also by favouring the evasion of natural and therapy-driven antitumour immune responses. Here, we review cancer cell-intrinsic and cancer cell-extrinsic mechanisms through which alterations of metabolism in malignant cells interfere with innate and adaptive immune functions in support of accelerated disease progression. Further, we discuss the potential of targeting such alterations to enhance anticancer immunity for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara De Martino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Claire Vanpouille-Box
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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21
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Colangelo NW, Gerber NK, Vatner RE, Cooper BT. Harnessing the cGAS-STING pathway to potentiate radiation therapy: current approaches and future directions. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1383000. [PMID: 38659582 PMCID: PMC11039815 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1383000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, we cover the current understanding of how radiation therapy, which uses ionizing radiation to kill cancer cells, mediates an anti-tumor immune response through the cGAS-STING pathway, and how STING agonists might potentiate this. We examine how cGAS-STING signaling mediates the release of inflammatory cytokines in response to nuclear and mitochondrial DNA entering the cytoplasm. The significance of this in the context of cancer is explored, such as in response to cell-damaging therapies and genomic instability. The contribution of the immune and non-immune cells in the tumor microenvironment is considered. This review also discusses the burgeoning understanding of STING signaling that is independent of inflammatory cytokine release and the various mechanisms by which cancer cells can evade STING signaling. We review the available data on how ionizing radiation stimulates cGAS-STING signaling as well as how STING agonists may potentiate the anti-tumor immune response induced by ionizing radiation. There is also discussion of how novel radiation modalities may affect cGAS-STING signaling. We conclude with a discussion of ongoing and planned clinical trials combining radiation therapy with STING agonists, and provide insights to consider when planning future clinical trials combining these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. Colangelo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Naamit K. Gerber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ralph E. Vatner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Benjamin T. Cooper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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22
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Wang K, Wen Y, Fu X, Wei S, Liu S, Chen M. mtDNA regulates cGAS-STING signaling pathway in adenomyosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 216:80-88. [PMID: 38494142 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In various hyperproliferative disorders, damaged mitochondria can release mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into the cytoplasm, activating the cGAS-STING signaling pathway and subsequent immune imbalances. Our previous research has demonstrated that hypoxia plays a role in the development of adenomyosis (AM) by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the precise involvement of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway and mtDNA in AM remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between mtDNA secretion, changes in the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, and the abnormal cellular proliferation observed in AM. We found the cGAS, STING, TBK1, p-TBK1, IRF3, and p-IRF3 proteins levels were significantly elevated in the tissues of patients with AM compared to the control group. Additionally, there was an increase in the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IFN-α in the AM tissues. Hypoxia-induced an increase in the proliferation and migration abilities of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), accompanied by the activation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway and elevated levels of IFN-α. Furthermore, hypoxia promoted the leakage of mtDNA into the cytoplasm in AM ESCs, and the deletion of mtDNA reduced the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway. Moreover, knockdown of the STING gene inhibited the expression of TBK1, p-TBK1, IRF3, and p-IRF3 and suppressed the secretion of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IFN-α. Furthermore, the migration and invasion abilities of AM ESCs were significantly diminished after STING knockdown. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of mtDNA release and the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yi Chang, 443000, China; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yi Chang, 443000, China
| | - Yi Wen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, China; Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Xianyun Fu
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yi Chang, 443000, China; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yi Chang, 443000, China.
| | - Shaobin Wei
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, China; Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, China.
| | - Shidan Liu
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yi Chang, 443000, China; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yi Chang, 443000, China
| | - Minmin Chen
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yi Chang, 443000, China; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yi Chang, 443000, China
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23
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Zehrbach NM, Oh N, Ishak CA. Insights into LINE-1 reverse transcription guide therapy development. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:286-288. [PMID: 38499453 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Subsets of long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE-1) retrotransposons can 'retrotranspose' throughout the human genome at a cost to host cell fitness, as observed in some cancers. Pharmacological inhibition of LINE-1 retrotransposition requires a comprehensive understanding of the LINE-1 ORF2p reverse transcriptase. Two recent publications, by Thawani et al. and Baldwin et al., report structures of LINE-1 ORF2p and address long-standing mechanistic gaps regarding LINE-1 retrotransposition. Both studies will be critical to design new specific inhibitors of the LINE-1 ORF2p reverse transcriptase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Zehrbach
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nakyung Oh
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles A Ishak
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Hosea R, Hillary S, Naqvi S, Wu S, Kasim V. The two sides of chromosomal instability: drivers and brakes in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:75. [PMID: 38553459 PMCID: PMC10980778 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer and is associated with tumor cell malignancy. CIN triggers a chain reaction in cells leading to chromosomal abnormalities, including deviations from the normal chromosome number or structural changes in chromosomes. CIN arises from errors in DNA replication and chromosome segregation during cell division, leading to the formation of cells with abnormal number and/or structure of chromosomes. Errors in DNA replication result from abnormal replication licensing as well as replication stress, such as double-strand breaks and stalled replication forks; meanwhile, errors in chromosome segregation stem from defects in chromosome segregation machinery, including centrosome amplification, erroneous microtubule-kinetochore attachments, spindle assembly checkpoint, or defective sister chromatids cohesion. In normal cells, CIN is deleterious and is associated with DNA damage, proteotoxic stress, metabolic alteration, cell cycle arrest, and senescence. Paradoxically, despite these negative consequences, CIN is one of the hallmarks of cancer found in over 90% of solid tumors and in blood cancers. Furthermore, CIN could endow tumors with enhanced adaptation capabilities due to increased intratumor heterogeneity, thereby facilitating adaptive resistance to therapies; however, excessive CIN could induce tumor cells death, leading to the "just-right" model for CIN in tumors. Elucidating the complex nature of CIN is crucial for understanding the dynamics of tumorigenesis and for developing effective anti-tumor treatments. This review provides an overview of causes and consequences of CIN, as well as the paradox of CIN, a phenomenon that continues to perplex researchers. Finally, this review explores the potential of CIN-based anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rendy Hosea
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Sharon Hillary
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Sumera Naqvi
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Shourong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Vivi Kasim
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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Hu A, Sun L, Lin H, Liao Y, Yang H, Mao Y. Harnessing innate immune pathways for therapeutic advancement in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:68. [PMID: 38523155 PMCID: PMC10961329 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The innate immune pathway is receiving increasing attention in cancer therapy. This pathway is ubiquitous across various cell types, not only in innate immune cells but also in adaptive immune cells, tumor cells, and stromal cells. Agonists targeting the innate immune pathway have shown profound changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and improved tumor prognosis in preclinical studies. However, to date, the clinical success of drugs targeting the innate immune pathway remains limited. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that activation of the innate immune pathway can paradoxically promote tumor progression. The uncertainty surrounding the therapeutic effectiveness of targeted drugs for the innate immune pathway is a critical issue that needs immediate investigation. In this review, we observe that the role of the innate immune pathway demonstrates heterogeneity, linked to the tumor development stage, pathway status, and specific cell types. We propose that within the TME, the innate immune pathway exhibits multidimensional diversity. This diversity is fundamentally rooted in cellular heterogeneity and is manifested as a variety of signaling networks. The pro-tumor effect of innate immune pathway activation essentially reflects the suppression of classical pathways and the activation of potential pro-tumor alternative pathways. Refining our understanding of the tumor's innate immune pathway network and employing appropriate targeting strategies can enhance our ability to harness the anti-tumor potential of the innate immune pathway and ultimately bridge the gap from preclinical to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuheng Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), and Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (Ministry of Education), and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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26
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Mallick S, Choi Y, Taylor AM, Cosper PF. Human Papillomavirus-Induced Chromosomal Instability and Aneuploidy in Squamous Cell Cancers. Viruses 2024; 16:501. [PMID: 38675844 PMCID: PMC11053578 DOI: 10.3390/v16040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) and aneuploidy are hallmarks of cancer. CIN is defined as a continuous rate of chromosome missegregation events over the course of multiple cell divisions. CIN causes aneuploidy, a state of abnormal chromosome content differing from a multiple of the haploid. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-known cause of squamous cancers of the oropharynx, cervix, and anus. The HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes have well-known roles in carcinogenesis, but additional genomic events, such as CIN and aneuploidy, are often required for tumor formation. HPV+ squamous cancers have an increased frequency of specific types of CIN, including polar chromosomes. CIN leads to chromosome gains and losses (aneuploidies) specific to HPV+ cancers, which are distinct from HPV- cancers. HPV-specific CIN and aneuploidy may have implications for prognosis and therapeutic response and may provide insight into novel therapeutic vulnerabilities. Here, we review HPV-specific types of CIN and patterns of aneuploidy in squamous cancers, as well as how this impacts patient prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samyukta Mallick
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology at the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yeseo Choi
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Alison M. Taylor
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology at the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Pippa F. Cosper
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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27
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Li G, Zhao X, Zheng Z, Zhang H, Wu Y, Shen Y, Chen Q. cGAS-STING pathway mediates activation of dendritic cell sensing of immunogenic tumors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:149. [PMID: 38512518 PMCID: PMC10957617 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-I) play pivotal roles in tumor therapy for three decades, underscoring the critical importance of maintaining the integrity of the IFN-1 signaling pathway in radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. However, the specific mechanism by which IFN-I contributes to these therapies, particularly in terms of activating dendritic cells (DCs), remains unclear. Based on recent studies, aberrant DNA in the cytoplasm activates the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)- stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway, which in turn produces IFN-I, which is essential for antiviral and anticancer immunity. Notably, STING can also enhance anticancer immunity by promoting autophagy, inflammation, and glycolysis in an IFN-I-independent manner. These research advancements contribute to our comprehension of the distinctions between IFN-I drugs and STING agonists in the context of oncology therapy and shed light on the challenges involved in developing STING agonist drugs. Thus, we aimed to summarize the novel mechanisms underlying cGAS-STING-IFN-I signal activation in DC-mediated antigen presentation and its role in the cancer immune cycle in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohao Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiangqian Zhao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zuda Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hucheng Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yundi Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yangkun Shen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
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28
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Kazer SW, Match CM, Langan EM, Messou MA, LaSalle TJ, O’Leary E, Marbourg J, Naughton K, von Andrian UH, Ordovas-Montanes J. Primary nasal viral infection rewires the tissue-scale memory response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.11.539887. [PMID: 38562902 PMCID: PMC10983857 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.11.539887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The nasal mucosa is frequently the initial site of respiratory viral infection, replication, and transmission. Recent work has started to clarify the independent responses of epithelial, myeloid, and lymphoid cells to viral infection in the nasal mucosa, but their spatiotemporal coordination and relative contributions remain unclear. Furthermore, understanding whether and how primary infection shapes tissue-scale memory responses to secondary challenge is critical for the rational design of nasal-targeting therapeutics and vaccines. Here, we generated a single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) atlas of the murine nasal mucosa sampling three distinct regions before and during primary and secondary influenza infection. Primary infection was largely restricted to respiratory mucosa and induced stepwise changes in cell type, subset, and state composition over time. Type I Interferon (IFN)-responsive neutrophils appeared 2 days post infection (dpi) and preceded transient IFN-responsive/cycling epithelial cell responses 5 dpi, which coincided with broader antiviral monocyte and NK cell accumulation. By 8 dpi, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) expressing Cxcl9 and Cxcl16 arose alongside effector cytotoxic CD8 and Ifng-expressing CD4 T cells. Following viral clearance (14 dpi), rare, previously undescribed Krt13+ nasal immune-interacting floor epithelial (KNIIFE) cells expressing multiple genes with immune communication potential increased concurrently with tissue-resident memory T (TRM)-like cells and early IgG+/IgA+ plasmablasts. Proportionality analysis coupled with cell-cell communication inference, alongside validation by in situ microscopy, underscored the CXCL16-CXCR6 signaling axis between MDMs and effector CD8 T cells 8dpi and KNIIFE cells and TRM cells 14 dpi. Secondary influenza challenge with a homologous or heterologous strain administered 60 dpi induced an accelerated and coordinated myeloid and lymphoid response without epithelial proliferation, illustrating how tissue-scale memory to natural infection engages both myeloid and lymphoid cells to reduce epithelial regenerative burden. Together, this atlas serves as a reference for viral infection in the upper respiratory tract and highlights the efficacy of local coordinated memory responses upon rechallenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W. Kazer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Colette Matysiak Match
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Erica M. Langan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marie-Angèle Messou
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J. LaSalle
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elise O’Leary
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Ulrich H. von Andrian
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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29
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Fu L, Ding H, Bai Y, Cheng L, Hu S, Guo Q. IDI1 inhibits the cGAS-Sting signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27205. [PMID: 38449594 PMCID: PMC10915403 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is one of the prominent features that distinguishes tumor cells from normal cells. The role of metabolic abnormalities in regulating innate immunity is poorly understood. In this study, we found that IDI1 is significantly upregulated in liver cancer. IDI1 has no significant effect on the growth or invasion of liver cancer cells but significantly promotes liver cancer development in mice. Through molecular mechanism studies, we found that IDI1 interacts with the important regulator of innate immunity cGAS and recruits the E3 ligase TRIM41 to promote cGAS ubiquitination and degradation, inhibiting the cGAS-Sting signaling pathway. IDI1 inhibits the phosphorylation of TBK1 and the downstream factor IRF3 as well as the expression of CCL5 and CXCL10. In summary, this study revealed the important role of the metabolic enzyme IDI1 in the regulation of innate immunity, suggesting that it may be a potential target for liver cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 7th Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 7th Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yangqiu Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 7th Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Lina Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 7th Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Shanshan Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 7th Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Qiongya Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 7th Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
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30
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Grasset EM, Barillé-Nion S, Juin PP. Stress in the metastatic journey - the role of cell communication and clustering in breast cancer progression and treatment resistance. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050542. [PMID: 38506114 PMCID: PMC10979546 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stands as the most prevalent malignancy afflicting women. Despite significant advancements in its diagnosis and treatment, breast cancer metastasis continues to be a leading cause of mortality among women. To metastasize, cancer cells face numerous challenges: breaking away from the primary tumor, surviving in the circulation, establishing in a distant location, evading immune detection and, finally, thriving to initiate a new tumor. Each of these sequential steps requires cancer cells to adapt to a myriad of stressors and develop survival mechanisms. In addition, most patients with breast cancer undergo surgical removal of their primary tumor and have various therapeutic interventions designed to eradicate cancer cells. Despite this plethora of attacks and stresses, certain cancer cells not only manage to persist but also proliferate robustly, giving rise to substantial tumors that frequently culminate in the patient's demise. To enhance patient outcomes, there is an imperative need for a deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that empower cancer cells to not only survive but also expand. Herein, we delve into the intrinsic stresses that cancer cells encounter throughout the metastatic journey and the additional stresses induced by therapeutic interventions. We focus on elucidating the remarkable strategies adopted by cancer cells, such as cell-cell clustering and intricate cell-cell communication mechanisms, to ensure their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse M. Grasset
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCI2NA, 44000 Nantes, France
- Équipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer CRCI2NA, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Barillé-Nion
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCI2NA, 44000 Nantes, France
- Équipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer CRCI2NA, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Philippe P. Juin
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCI2NA, 44000 Nantes, France
- Équipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer CRCI2NA, 44000 Nantes, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, 44805 Saint Herblain, France
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31
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Lu X, Wang S, Hua X, Chen X, Zhan M, Hu Q, Cao L, Wu Z, Zhang W, Zuo X, Gui R, Fan L, Li J, Shi W, Jin H. Targeting the cGAS-STING Pathway Inhibits Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma Progression and Enhances the Chemotherapeutic Efficacy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306092. [PMID: 38145335 PMCID: PMC10933671 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a highly heterogeneous group of mature T-cell malignancies. The efficacy of current first-line treatment is dismal, and novel agents are urgently needed to improve patient outcomes. A close association between the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway and tumor promotion exists, revealing prospective therapeutic targets. This study, investigates the role of the cGAS-STING pathway and its underlying mechanisms in PTCL progression. Single-cell RNA sequencing showes that the cGAS-STING pathway is highly expressed and closely associated with PTCL proliferation. cGAS inhibition suppresses tumor growth and impaires DNA damage repair. Moreover, Cdc2-like kinase 1 (CLK1) is critical for residual tumor cell survival after treatment with cGAS inhibitors, and CLK1 suppression enhances sensitivity to cGAS inhibitors. Single-cell dynamic transcriptomic analysis indicates reduced proliferation-associated nascent RNAs as the underlying mechanism. In first-line therapy, chemotherapy-triggered DNA damage activates the cGAS-STING pathway, and cGAS inhibitors can synergize with chemotherapeutic agents to kill tumors. The cGAS-STING pathway is oncogenic in PTCL, whereas targeting cGAS suppresses tumor growth, and CLK1 may be a sensitivity indicator for cGAS inhibitors. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing therapeutic strategies for PTCL, especially in patients with relapsed/refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Lu
- Lymphoma Center, Department of HematologyJiangsu Province HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer BiomarkersPrevention, and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
| | - Shunan Wang
- Lymphoma Center, Department of HematologyJiangsu Province HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer BiomarkersPrevention, and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
| | - Xin Hua
- Department of OncologyAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong226001China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Lymphoma Center, Department of HematologyJiangsu Province HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer BiomarkersPrevention, and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
| | - Mengtao Zhan
- Nanjing Aoyin Biotechnology Company LimitedNanjing210043China
| | - Qiaoyun Hu
- Singleron BiotechnologiesNanjing211899China
| | - Lei Cao
- Lymphoma Center, Department of HematologyJiangsu Province HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer BiomarkersPrevention, and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- Nanjing Pukou Central HospitalPuKou Branch Hospital of Jiangsu Province HospitalNanjing211800China
| | - Zijuan Wu
- Lymphoma Center, Department of HematologyJiangsu Province HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer BiomarkersPrevention, and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Lymphoma Center, Department of HematologyJiangsu Province HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer BiomarkersPrevention, and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
| | - Xiaoling Zuo
- Lymphoma Center, Department of HematologyJiangsu Province HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer BiomarkersPrevention, and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
| | - Renfu Gui
- Lymphoma Center, Department of HematologyJiangsu Province HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer BiomarkersPrevention, and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
| | - Lei Fan
- Lymphoma Center, Department of HematologyJiangsu Province HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer BiomarkersPrevention, and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Lymphoma Center, Department of HematologyJiangsu Province HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer BiomarkersPrevention, and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
| | - Wenyu Shi
- Department of OncologyAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong226001China
| | - Hui Jin
- Lymphoma Center, Department of HematologyJiangsu Province HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer BiomarkersPrevention, and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
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32
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Bhatia S, Khanna KK, Duijf PHG. Targeting chromosomal instability and aneuploidy in cancer. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:210-224. [PMID: 38355324 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer development and therapy resistance are driven by chromosomal instability (CIN), which causes chromosome gains and losses (i.e., aneuploidy) and structural chromosomal alterations. Technical limitations and knowledge gaps have delayed therapeutic targeting of CIN and aneuploidy in cancers. However, our toolbox for creating and studying aneuploidy in cell models has greatly expanded recently. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that seven conventional antimitotic chemotherapeutic drugs achieve clinical response by inducing CIN instead of mitotic arrest, although additional anticancer activities may also contribute in vivo. In this review, we discuss these recent developments. We also highlight new discoveries, which together show that 25 chromosome arm aneuploidies (CAAs) may be targetable by 36 drugs across 14 types of cancer. Collectively, these advances offer many new opportunities to improve cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Bhatia
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health and Centre for Biomedical Technologies at the Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Pascal H G Duijf
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health and Centre for Biomedical Technologies at the Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Centre for Cancer Biology, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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33
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Luo Y, Chang L, Ji Y, Liang T. ER: a critical hub for STING signaling regulation. Trends Cell Biol 2024:S0962-8924(24)00029-1. [PMID: 38423853 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) has a crucial role in mediating the immune response against cytosolic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and its activation is critically involved in various diseases. STING is synthesized, modified, and resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and its ER exit is intimately connected with its signaling. The ER, primarily known for its roles in protein folding, lipid synthesis, and calcium storage, has been identified as a pivotal platform for the regulation of a wide range of STING functions. In this review, we discuss the emerging factors that regulate STING in the ER and examine the interplay between STING signaling and ER pathways, highlighting the impacts of such regulations on immune responses and their potential implications in STING-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yewei Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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34
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Goddard AM, Cho MG, Lerner LM, Gupta GP. Mechanisms of Immune Sensing of DNA Damage. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168424. [PMID: 38159716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Genomic stability relies on a multifaceted and evolutionarily conserved DNA damage response (DDR). In multicellular organisms, an integral facet of the DDR involves the activation of the immune system to eliminate cells with persistent DNA damage. Recent research has shed light on a complex array of nucleic acid sensors crucial for innate immune activation in response to oncogenic stress-associated DNA damage, a process vital for suppressing tumor formation. Yet, these immune sensing pathways may also be co-opted to foster tolerance of chromosomal instability, thereby driving cancer progression. This review aims to provide an updated overview of how the innate immune system detects and responds to DNA damage. An improved understanding of the regulatory intricacies governing this immune response may uncover new avenues for cancer prevention and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Goddard
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Min-Guk Cho
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lynn M Lerner
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Genetics and Molecular Biology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gaorav P Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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35
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Di Bona M, Bakhoum SF. Micronuclei and Cancer. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:214-226. [PMID: 38197599 PMCID: PMC11265298 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Chromosome-containing micronuclei are a feature of human cancer. Micronuclei arise from chromosome mis-segregation and characterize tumors with elevated rates of chromosomal instability. Although their association with cancer has been long recognized, only recently have we broadened our understanding of the mechanisms that govern micronuclei formation and their role in tumor progression. In this review, we provide a brief historical account of micronuclei, depict the mechanisms underpinning their creation, and illuminate their capacity to propel tumor evolution through genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptional transformations. We also posit the prospect of leveraging micronuclei as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in chromosomally unstable cancers. SIGNIFICANCE Micronuclei in chromosomally unstable cancer cells serve as pivotal catalysts for cancer progression, instigating transformative genomic, epigenetic, and transcriptional alterations. This comprehensive review not only synthesizes our present comprehension but also outlines a framework for translating this knowledge into pioneering biomarkers and therapeutics, thereby illuminating novel paths for personalized cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Di Bona
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Samuel F. Bakhoum
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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36
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Shen Q, Xu P, Mei C. Role of micronucleus-activated cGAS-STING signaling in antitumor immunity. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2024; 53:25-34. [PMID: 38273467 PMCID: PMC10945493 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling is a significant component of the innate immune system and functions as a vital sentinel mechanism to monitor cellular and tissue aberrations in microbial invasion and organ injury. cGAS, a cytosolic DNA sensor, is specialized in recognizing abnormally localized cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and catalyzes the formation of a second messenger cyclic-GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which initiates a cascade of type Ⅰ interferon and inflammatory responses mediated by STING. Micronucleus, a byproduct of chromosomal missegregation during anaphase, is also a significant contributor to cytoplasmic dsDNA. These unstable subcellular structures are susceptible to irreversible nuclear envelope rupture, exposing genomic dsDNA to the cytoplasm, which potently recruits cGAS and activates STING-mediated innate immune signaling and its downstream activities, including type Ⅰ interferon and classical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways lead to senescence, apoptosis, autophagy activating anti-cancer immunity or directly killing tumor cells. However, sustained STING activation-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, activated chronic type Ⅰ interferon and nonclassical NF-κB signaling pathways remodel immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, leading to immune evasion and facilitating tumor metastasis. Therefore, activated cGAS-STING signaling plays a dual role of suppressing or facilitating tumor growth in tumorigenesis and therapy. This review elaborates on research advances in mechanisms of micronucleus inducing activation of cGAS-STING signaling and its implications in tumorigenesis and therapeutic strategies of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shen
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Pinglong Xu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Institute of Intelligent Medicine, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Chen Mei
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Institute of Intelligent Medicine, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China.
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37
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Ghosh MK, Roy S. Chromosomal instability (CIN) triggers immune evasion and metastatic potential in cancer through rewired STING signalling. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:4. [PMID: 38253764 PMCID: PMC10803705 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal K Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Srija Roy
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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38
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Mazzagatti A, Engel JL, Ly P. Boveri and beyond: Chromothripsis and genomic instability from mitotic errors. Mol Cell 2024; 84:55-69. [PMID: 38029753 PMCID: PMC10842135 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitotic cell division is tightly monitored by checkpoints that safeguard the genome from instability. Failures in accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis can cause numerical aneuploidy, which was hypothesized by Theodor Boveri over a century ago to promote tumorigenesis. Recent interrogation of pan-cancer genomes has identified unexpected classes of chromosomal abnormalities, including complex rearrangements arising through chromothripsis. This process is driven by mitotic errors that generate abnormal nuclear structures that provoke extensive yet localized shattering of mis-segregated chromosomes. Here, we discuss emerging mechanisms underlying chromothripsis from micronuclei and chromatin bridges, as well as highlight how this mutational cascade converges on the DNA damage response. A fundamental understanding of these catastrophic processes will provide insight into how initial errors in mitosis can precipitate rapid cancer genome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Mazzagatti
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Justin L Engel
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Peter Ly
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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39
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Zhang J, Yu S, Peng Q, Wang P, Fang L. Emerging mechanisms and implications of cGAS-STING signaling in cancer immunotherapy strategies. Cancer Biol Med 2024; 21:j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0440. [PMID: 38172538 PMCID: PMC10875285 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate interplay between the human immune system and cancer development underscores the central role of immunotherapy in cancer treatment. Within this landscape, the innate immune system, a critical sentinel protecting against tumor incursion, is a key player. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway has been found to be a linchpin of innate immunity: activation of this signaling pathway orchestrates the production of type I interferon (IFN-α/β), thus fostering the maturation, differentiation, and mobilization of immune effectors in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, STING activation facilitates the release and presentation of tumor antigens, and therefore is an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. Current strategies to activate the STING pathway, including use of pharmacological agonists, have made substantial advancements, particularly when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. These approaches have shown promise in preclinical and clinical settings, by enhancing patient survival rates. This review describes the evolving understanding of the cGAS-STING pathway's involvement in tumor biology and therapy. Moreover, this review explores classical and non-classical STING agonists, providing insights into their mechanisms of action and potential for optimizing immunotherapy strategies. Despite challenges and complexities, the cGAS-STING pathway, a promising avenue for enhancing cancer treatment efficacy, has the potential to revolutionize patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Zhang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Sihui Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiao Peng
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lan Fang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
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40
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Zhao M, Wang T, Gleber-Netto FO, Chen Z, McGrail DJ, Gomez JA, Ju W, Gadhikar MA, Ma W, Shen L, Wang Q, Tang X, Pathak S, Raso MG, Burks JK, Lin SY, Wang J, Multani AS, Pickering CR, Chen J, Myers JN, Zhou G. Mutant p53 gains oncogenic functions through a chromosomal instability-induced cytosolic DNA response. Nat Commun 2024; 15:180. [PMID: 38167338 PMCID: PMC10761733 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44239-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Inactivating TP53 mutations leads to a loss of function of p53, but can also often result in oncogenic gain-of-function (GOF) of mutant p53 (mutp53) proteins which promotes tumor development and progression. The GOF activities of TP53 mutations are well documented, but the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Here, we study the mutp53 interactome and find that by targeting minichromosome maintenance complex components (MCMs), GOF mutp53 predisposes cells to replication stress and chromosomal instability (CIN), leading to a tumor cell-autonomous and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-dependent cytosolic DNA response that activates downstream non-canonical nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cell (NC-NF-κB) signaling. Consequently, GOF mutp53-MCMs-CIN-cytosolic DNA-cGAS-STING-NC-NF-κB signaling promotes tumor cell metastasis and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment through antagonizing interferon signaling and regulating genes associated with pro-tumorigenic inflammation. Our findings have important implications for understanding not only the GOF activities of TP53 mutations but also the genome-guardian role of p53 and its inactivation during tumor development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 100142, Beijing, China
| | - Frederico O Gleber-Netto
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daniel J McGrail
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Javier A Gomez
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wutong Ju
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mayur A Gadhikar
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wencai Ma
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ximing Tang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sen Pathak
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Maria Gabriela Raso
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jared K Burks
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shiaw-Yih Lin
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Asha S Multani
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Curtis R Pickering
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06250, USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Ge Zhou
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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41
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Zhang S, Song D, Yu W, Li J, Wang X, Li Y, Zhao Z, Xue Q, Zhao J, Li JP, Guo Z. Combining cisplatin and a STING agonist into one molecule for metalloimmunotherapy of cancer. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae020. [PMID: 38332843 PMCID: PMC10852989 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that strategies combining DNA-damaging agents and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists are promising cancer therapeutic regimens because they can amplify STING activation and remodel the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. However, a single molecular entity comprising both agents has not yet been developed. Herein, we designed two PtIV-MSA-2 conjugates (I and II) containing the DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin and the innate immune-activating STING agonist MSA-2; these conjugates showed great potential as multispecific small-molecule drugs against pancreatic cancer. Mechanistic studies revealed that conjugate I upregulated the expression of transcripts associated with innate immunity and metabolism in cancer cells, significantly differing from cisplatin and MSA-2. An analysis of the tumor microenvironment demonstrated that conjugate I could enhance the infiltration of natural killer (NK) cells into tumors and promote the activation of T cells, NK cells and dendritic cells in tumor tissues. These findings indicated that conjugate I, which was created by incorporating a Pt chemotherapeutic drug and STING agonist into one molecule, is a promising and potent anticancer drug candidate, opening new avenues for small-molecule-based cancer metalloimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dongfan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenhao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yachao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Nanchuang (Jiangsu) Institute of Chemistry and Health, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jie P Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Nanchuang (Jiangsu) Institute of Chemistry and Health, Nanjing 210023, China
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42
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Vitale I, Galassi C, Galluzzi L. Chromosomal instability drives immunosuppression and metastatic dissemination. Cell Res 2024; 34:7-8. [PMID: 37739994 PMCID: PMC10770350 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ilio Vitale
- IIGM-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Claudia Galassi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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43
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Tijhuis AE, Foijer F. Characterizing chromosomal instability-driven cancer evolution and cell fitness at a glance. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs260199. [PMID: 38224461 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN), an increased rate of chromosome segregation errors during mitosis, is a hallmark of cancer cells. CIN leads to karyotype differences between cells and thus large-scale heterogeneity among individual cancer cells; therefore, it plays an important role in cancer evolution. Studying CIN and its consequences is technically challenging, but various technologies have been developed to track karyotype dynamics during tumorigenesis, trace clonal lineages and link genomic changes to cancer phenotypes at single-cell resolution. These methods provide valuable insight not only into the role of CIN in cancer progression, but also into cancer cell fitness. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we discuss the relationship between CIN, cancer cell fitness and evolution, and highlight techniques that can be used to study the relationship between these factors. To that end, we explore methods of assessing cancer cell fitness, particularly for chromosomally unstable cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa E Tijhuis
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing , University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen,9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing , University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen,9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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44
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Begg KAG, Braun H, Ghaddar N, Wu L, Downs JA. Defects in DNA damage responses in SWI/SNF mutant cells and their impact on immune responses. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 133:103609. [PMID: 38101147 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complexes are commonly dysregulated in cancer. These complexes contribute to maintaining genome stability through a variety of pathways. Recent research has highlighted an important interplay between genome instability and immune signalling, and evidence suggests that this interplay can modulate the response to immunotherapy. Here, we review emerging studies where direct evidence of this relationship has been uncovered in SWI/SNF deficient cells. We also highlight genome maintenance activities of SWI/SNF that could potentially shape immune responses and discuss potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katheryn A G Begg
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Hanna Braun
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Nagham Ghaddar
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Lillian Wu
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jessica A Downs
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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45
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Hu A, Sun L, Lin H, Liao Y, Yang H, Mao Y. Harnessing the innate immune system by revolutionizing macrophage-mediated cancer immunotherapy. J Biosci 2024; 49:63. [PMID: 38864238 PMCID: PMC10961329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a promising and safer alternative to conventional cancer therapies. It involves adaptive T-cell therapy, cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) based therapies. However, most of these modalities encounter restrictions in solid tumours owing to a dense, highly hypoxic and immune-suppressive microenvironment as well as the heterogeneity of tumour antigens. The elevated intra-tumoural pressure and mutational rates within fastgrowing solid tumours present challenges in efficient drug targeting and delivery. The tumour microenvironment is a dynamic niche infiltrated by a variety of immune cells, most of which are macrophages. Since they form a part of the innate immune system, targeting macrophages has become a plausible immunotherapeutic approach. In this review, we discuss several versatile approaches (both at pre-clinical and clinical stages) such as the direct killing of tumour-associated macrophages, reprogramming pro-tumour macrophages to anti-tumour phenotypes, inhibition of macrophage recruitment into the tumour microenvironment, novel CAR macrophages, and genetically engineered macrophages that have been devised thus far. These strategies comprise a strong and adaptable macrophage-toolkit in the ongoing fight against cancer and by understanding their significance, we may unlock the full potential of these immune cells in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuheng Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), and Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (Ministry of Education), and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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van den Brink A, Foijer F. Taking the STING out of CIN. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:992-994. [PMID: 37806895 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN), a hallmark of cancer, promotes cell-intrinsic inflammatory signaling. Although inflammation is generally considered tumor-suppressive, this relationship is more complex in cancers with CIN. We discuss new findings by Li et al. that can explain how cancer cells with CIN tolerate, adopt, and rewire the CIN-induced inflammatory response to fuel tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk van den Brink
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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47
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Xuan C, Hu R. Chemical Biology Perspectives on STING Agonists as Tumor Immunotherapy. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300405. [PMID: 37794702 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a crucial adaptor protein in the innate immune response. STING activation triggers cytokine secretion, including type I interferon and initiates T cell-mediated adaptive immunity. The activated immune system converts "cold tumors" into "hot tumors" that are highly responsive to T cells by recruiting them to the tumor microenvironment, ultimately leading to potent and long-lasting antitumor effects. Unlike most immune checkpoint inhibitors, STING agonists represent a groundbreaking class of innate immune agonists that hold great potential for effectively targeting various cancer populations and are poised to become a blockbuster in tumor immunotherapy. This review will focus on the correlation between the STING signaling pathway and tumor immunity, as well as explore the impact of STING activation on other biological processes. Ultimately, we will summarize the development and optimization of STING agonists from a medicinal chemistry perspective, evaluate their potential in cancer therapy, and identify possible challenges for future advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Xuan
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, No 24, TongJiaXiang, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, No 24, TongJiaXiang, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
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Korneenko TV, Pestov NB, Nevzorov IA, Daks AA, Trachuk KN, Solopova ON, Barlev NA. At the Crossroads of the cGAS-cGAMP-STING Pathway and the DNA Damage Response: Implications for Cancer Progression and Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1675. [PMID: 38139802 PMCID: PMC10747911 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary conserved DNA-sensing cGAS-STING innate immunity pathway represents one of the most important cytosolic DNA-sensing systems that is activated in response to viral invasion and/or damage to the integrity of the nuclear envelope. The key outcome of this pathway is the production of interferon, which subsequently stimulates the transcription of hundreds of genes. In oncology, the situation is complex because this pathway may serve either anti- or pro-oncogenic roles, depending on context. The prevailing understanding is that when the innate immune response is activated by sensing cytosolic DNA, such as DNA released from ruptured micronuclei, it results in the production of interferon, which attracts cytotoxic cells to destroy tumors. However, in tumor cells that have adjusted to significant chromosomal instability, particularly in relapsed, treatment-resistant cancers, the cGAS-STING pathway often supports cancer progression, fostering the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we review this intricate pathway in terms of its association with cancer progression, giving special attention to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and gliomas. As the development of new cGAS-STING-modulating small molecules and immunotherapies such as oncolytic viruses involves serious challenges, we highlight several recent fundamental discoveries, such as the proton-channeling function of STING. These discoveries may serve as guiding lights for potential pharmacological advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana V. Korneenko
- Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Nikolay B. Pestov
- Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow 108819, Russia
| | - Ivan A. Nevzorov
- Institute of Cytology, Tikhoretsky ave 4, St-Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Alexandra A. Daks
- Institute of Cytology, Tikhoretsky ave 4, St-Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Kirill N. Trachuk
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow 108819, Russia
| | - Olga N. Solopova
- Research Institute of Experimental Diagnostics and Tumor Therapy, Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Nickolai A. Barlev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow 108819, Russia
- Institute of Cytology, Tikhoretsky ave 4, St-Petersburg 194064, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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49
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Zheng S, Guerrero-Haughton E, Foijer F. Chromosomal Instability-Driven Cancer Progression: Interplay with the Tumour Microenvironment and Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2023; 12:2712. [PMID: 38067140 PMCID: PMC10706135 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a prevalent characteristic of solid tumours and haematological malignancies. CIN results in an increased frequency of chromosome mis-segregation events, thus yielding numerical and structural copy number alterations, a state also known as aneuploidy. CIN is associated with increased chances of tumour recurrence, metastasis, and acquisition of resistance to therapeutic interventions, and this is a dismal prognosis. In this review, we delve into the interplay between CIN and cancer, with a focus on its impact on the tumour microenvironment-a driving force behind metastasis. We discuss the potential therapeutic avenues that have resulted from these insights and underscore their crucial role in shaping innovative strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zheng
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erika Guerrero-Haughton
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Research in Sexual and Reproductive Health, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City 0816-02593, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación, SENACYT, Panama City 0816-02593, Panama
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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Park C, Mani S, Beltran-Velez N, Maurer K, Gohil S, Li S, Huang T, Knowles DA, Wu CJ, Azizi E. DIISCO: A Bayesian framework for inferring dynamic intercellular interactions from time-series single-cell data. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.14.566956. [PMID: 38014338 PMCID: PMC10680748 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.14.566956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing cell-cell communication and tracking its variability over time is essential for understanding the coordination of biological processes mediating normal development, progression of disease, or responses to perturbations such as therapies. Existing tools lack the ability to capture time-dependent intercellular interactions, such as those influenced by therapy, and primarily rely on existing databases compiled from limited contexts. We present DIISCO, a Bayesian framework for characterizing the temporal dynamics of cellular interactions using single-cell RNA-sequencing data from multiple time points. Our method uses structured Gaussian process regression to unveil time-resolved interactions among diverse cell types according to their co-evolution and incorporates prior knowledge of receptor-ligand complexes. We show the interpretability of DIISCO in simulated data and new data collected from CAR-T cells co-cultured with lymphoma cells, demonstrating its potential to uncover dynamic cell-cell crosstalk. Availability DIISCO is publicly accessible at https://github.com/azizilab/DIISCO_public . All data will be deposited to GEO upon publication.
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