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Algranati D, Oren R, Dassa B, Fellus-Alyagor L, Plotnikov A, Barr H, Harmelin A, London N, Ron G, Furth N, Shema E. Dual targeting of histone deacetylases and MYC as potential treatment strategy for H3-K27M pediatric gliomas. eLife 2024; 13:RP96257. [PMID: 39093942 PMCID: PMC11296706 DOI: 10.7554/elife.96257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are aggressive and fatal pediatric tumors of the central nervous system that are highly resistant to treatments. Lysine to methionine substitution of residue 27 on histone H3 (H3-K27M) is a driver mutation in DMGs, reshaping the epigenetic landscape of these cells to promote tumorigenesis. H3-K27M gliomas are characterized by deregulation of histone acetylation and methylation pathways, as well as the oncogenic MYC pathway. In search of effective treatment, we examined the therapeutic potential of dual targeting of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and MYC in these tumors. Treatment of H3-K27M patient-derived cells with Sulfopin, an inhibitor shown to block MYC-driven tumors in vivo, in combination with the HDAC inhibitor Vorinostat, resulted in substantial decrease in cell viability. Moreover, transcriptome and epigenome profiling revealed synergistic effect of this drug combination in downregulation of prominent oncogenic pathways such as mTOR. Finally, in vivo studies of patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models showed significant tumor growth reduction in mice treated with the drug combination. These results highlight the combined treatment with PIN1 and HDAC inhibitors as a promising therapeutic approach for these aggressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Algranati
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Roni Oren
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Bareket Dassa
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Liat Fellus-Alyagor
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Alexander Plotnikov
- Wohl Institute for Drug Discovery of the Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Haim Barr
- Wohl Institute for Drug Discovery of the Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Alon Harmelin
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Nir London
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Guy Ron
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew UniversityJerusalemIsrael
| | - Noa Furth
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Efrat Shema
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
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2
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Dabin J, Giacomini G, Petit E, Polo SE. New facets in the chromatin-based regulation of genome maintenance. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 140:103702. [PMID: 38878564 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The maintenance of genome integrity by DNA damage response machineries is key to protect cells against pathological development. In cell nuclei, these genome maintenance machineries operate in the context of chromatin, where the DNA wraps around histone proteins. Here, we review recent findings illustrating how the chromatin substrate modulates genome maintenance mechanisms, focusing on the regulatory role of histone variants and post-translational modifications. In particular, we discuss how the pre-existing chromatin landscape impacts DNA damage formation and guides DNA repair pathway choice, and how DNA damage-induced chromatin alterations control DNA damage signaling and repair, and DNA damage segregation through cell divisions. We also highlight that pathological alterations of histone proteins may trigger genome instability by impairing chromosome segregation and DNA repair, thus defining new oncogenic mechanisms and opening up therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Dabin
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate Centre, UMR7216 CNRS Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Giacomini
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate Centre, UMR7216 CNRS Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Eliane Petit
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate Centre, UMR7216 CNRS Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sophie E Polo
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate Centre, UMR7216 CNRS Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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3
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Qi L, Du Y, Huang Y, Kogiso M, Zhang H, Xiao S, Abdallah A, Suarez M, Niu L, Liu ZG, Lindsay H, Braun FK, Stephen C, Davies PJ, Teo WY, Adenkunle A, Baxter P, Su JM, Li XN. CD57 defines a novel cancer stem cell that drive invasion of diffuse pediatric-type high grade gliomas. Br J Cancer 2024; 131:258-270. [PMID: 38834745 PMCID: PMC11263392 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse invasion remains a primary cause of treatment failure in pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG). Identifying cellular driver(s) of pHGG invasion is needed for anti-invasion therapies. METHODS Ten highly invasive patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models of pHGG were subjected to isolation of matching pairs of invasive (HGGINV) and tumor core (HGGTC) cells. RESULTS pHGGINV cells were intrinsically more invasive than their matching pHGGTC cells. CSC profiling revealed co-positivity of CD133 and CD57 and identified CD57+CD133- cells as the most abundant CSCs in the invasive front. In addition to discovering a new order of self-renewal capacities, i.e., CD57+CD133- > CD57+CD133+ > CD57-CD133+ > CD57-CD133- cells, we showed that CSC hierarchy was impacted by their spatial locations, and the highest self-renewal capacities were found in CD57+CD133- cells in the HGGINV front (HGGINV/CD57+CD133- cells) mediated by NANOG and SHH over-expression. Direct implantation of CD57+ (CD57+/CD133- and CD57+/CD133+) cells into mouse brains reconstituted diffusely invasion, while depleting CD57+ cells (i.e., CD57-CD133+) abrogated pHGG invasion. CONCLUSION We revealed significantly increased invasive capacities in HGGINV cells, confirmed CD57 as a novel glioma stem cell marker, identified CD57+CD133- and CD57+CD133+ cells as a new cellular driver of pHGG invasion and suggested a new dual-mode hierarchy of HGG stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yuchen Du
- Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yulun Huang
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Dushu Lake Hospital, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215007, China
| | - Mari Kogiso
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sophie Xiao
- Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Aalaa Abdallah
- Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Milagros Suarez
- Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Long Niu
- Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Cancer Center, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Holly Lindsay
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Frank K Braun
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Clifford Stephen
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Peter J Davies
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wan Yee Teo
- The Laboratory of Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Office, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Center, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Adesina Adenkunle
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Patricia Baxter
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jack Mf Su
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Robert H. Laurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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4
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Furst LM, Roussel EM, Leung RF, George AM, Best SA, Whittle JR, Firestein R, Faux MC, Eisenstat DD. The Landscape of Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas: The Virtues and Pitfalls of Pre-Clinical Models. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:424. [PMID: 38927304 PMCID: PMC11200883 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) are malignant and usually fatal central nervous system (CNS) WHO Grade 4 tumors. The majority of pHGG consist of diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), H3.3 or H3.1 K27 altered, or diffuse hemispheric gliomas (DHG) (H3.3 G34-mutant). Due to diffuse tumor infiltration of eloquent brain areas, especially for DMG, surgery has often been limited and chemotherapy has not been effective, leaving fractionated radiation to the involved field as the current standard of care. pHGG has only been classified as molecularly distinct from adult HGG since 2012 through Next-Generation sequencing approaches, which have shown pHGG to be epigenetically regulated and specific tumor sub-types to be representative of dysregulated differentiating cells. To translate discovery research into novel therapies, improved pre-clinical models that more adequately represent the tumor biology of pHGG are required. This review will summarize the molecular characteristics of different pHGG sub-types, with a specific focus on histone K27M mutations and the dysregulated gene expression profiles arising from these mutations. Current and emerging pre-clinical models for pHGG will be discussed, including commonly used patient-derived cell lines and in vivo modeling techniques, encompassing patient-derived xenograft murine models and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). Lastly, emerging techniques to model CNS tumors within a human brain environment using brain organoids through co-culture will be explored. As models that more reliably represent pHGG continue to be developed, targetable biological and genetic vulnerabilities in the disease will be more rapidly identified, leading to better treatments and improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam M. Furst
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.M.F.); (E.M.R.); (R.F.L.); (M.C.F.)
- Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Enola M. Roussel
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.M.F.); (E.M.R.); (R.F.L.); (M.C.F.)
- Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ryan F. Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.M.F.); (E.M.R.); (R.F.L.); (M.C.F.)
- Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Ankita M. George
- Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Sarah A. Best
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - James R. Whittle
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ron Firestein
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Maree C. Faux
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.M.F.); (E.M.R.); (R.F.L.); (M.C.F.)
- Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David D. Eisenstat
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.M.F.); (E.M.R.); (R.F.L.); (M.C.F.)
- Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Children’s Cancer Centre, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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5
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Sánchez-Guixé M, Muiños F, Pinheiro-Santin M, González-Huici V, Rodriguez-Hernandez CJ, Avgustinova A, Lavarino C, González-Pérez A, Mora J, López-Bigas N. Origins of Second Malignancies in Children and Mutational Footprint of Chemotherapy in Normal Tissues. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:953-964. [PMID: 38501975 PMCID: PMC11145171 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric cancers are rare diseases, and children without known germline predisposing conditions who develop a second malignancy during developmental ages are extremely rare. We present four such clinical cases and, through whole-genome and error-correcting ultra-deep duplex sequencing of tumor and normal samples, we explored the origin of the second malignancy in four children, uncovering different routes of development. The exposure to cytotoxic therapies was linked to the emergence of a secondary acute myeloid leukemia. A common somatic mutation acquired early during embryonic development was the driver of two solid malignancies in another child. In two cases, the two tumors developed from completely independent clones diverging during embryogenesis. Importantly, we demonstrate that platinum-based therapies contributed at least one order of magnitude more mutations per day of exposure than aging to normal tissues in these children. SIGNIFICANCE Using whole-genome and error-correcting ultra-deep duplex sequencing, we uncover different origins for second neoplasms in four children. We also uncover the presence of platinum-related mutations across 10 normal tissues of exposed individuals, highlighting the impact that the use of cytotoxic therapies may have on cancer survivors. See related commentary by Pacyna and Nangalia, p. 900. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 897.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Sánchez-Guixé
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ferran Muiños
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Morena Pinheiro-Santin
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor González-Huici
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alexandra Avgustinova
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinzia Lavarino
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona (PCCB), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abel González-Pérez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona (PCCB), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria López-Bigas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Arrillaga-Romany I, Gardner SL, Odia Y, Aguilera D, Allen JE, Batchelor T, Butowski N, Chen C, Cloughesy T, Cluster A, de Groot J, Dixit KS, Graber JJ, Haggiagi AM, Harrison RA, Kheradpour A, Kilburn LB, Kurz SC, Lu G, MacDonald TJ, Mehta M, Melemed AS, Nghiemphu PL, Ramage SC, Shonka N, Sumrall A, Tarapore RS, Taylor L, Umemura Y, Wen PY. ONC201 (Dordaviprone) in Recurrent H3 K27M-Mutant Diffuse Midline Glioma. J Clin Oncol 2024; 42:1542-1552. [PMID: 38335473 PMCID: PMC11095894 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Histone 3 (H3) K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma (DMG) has a dismal prognosis with no established effective therapy beyond radiation. This integrated analysis evaluated single-agent ONC201 (dordaviprone), a first-in-class imipridone, in recurrent H3 K27M-mutant DMG. METHODS Fifty patients (pediatric, n = 4; adult, n = 46) with recurrent H3 K27M-mutant DMG who received oral ONC201 monotherapy in four clinical trials or one expanded access protocol were included. Eligible patients had measurable disease by Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) high-grade glioma (HGG) criteria and performance score (PS) ≥60 and were ≥90 days from radiation; pontine and spinal tumors were ineligible. The primary end point was overall response rate (ORR) by RANO-HGG criteria. Secondary end points included duration of response (DOR), time to response (TTR), corticosteroid response, PS response, and ORR by RANO low-grade glioma (LGG) criteria. Radiographic end points were assessed by dual-reader, blinded independent central review. RESULTS The ORR (RANO-HGG) was 20.0% (95% CI, 10.0 to 33.7). The median TTR was 8.3 months (range, 1.9-15.9); the median DOR was 11.2 months (95% CI, 3.8 to not reached). The ORR by combined RANO-HGG/LGG criteria was 30.0% (95% CI, 17.9 to 44.6). A ≥50% corticosteroid dose reduction occurred in 7 of 15 evaluable patients (46.7% [95% CI, 21.3 to 73.4]); PS improvement occurred in 6 of 34 evaluable patients (20.6% [95% CI, 8.7 to 37.9]). Grade 3 treatment-related treatment-emergent adverse events (TR-TEAEs) occurred in 20.0% of patients; the most common was fatigue (n = 5; 10%); no grade 4 TR-TEAEs, deaths, or discontinuations occurred. CONCLUSION ONC201 monotherapy was well tolerated and exhibited durable and clinically meaningful efficacy in recurrent H3 K27M-mutant DMG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yazmin Odia
- Miami Cancer Institute, part of Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL
| | - Dolly Aguilera
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | | | - Clark Chen
- University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | | | - Karan S. Dixit
- Northwestern Medical Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tobey J. MacDonald
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Minesh Mehta
- Miami Cancer Institute, part of Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lynne Taylor
- University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Patrick Y. Wen
- Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, MA
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7
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Romero P, Richart L, Aflaki S, Petitalot A, Burton M, Michaud A, Masliah-Planchon J, Kuhnowski F, Le Cam S, Baliñas-Gavira C, Méaudre C, Luscan A, Hamza A, Legoix P, Vincent-Salomon A, Wassef M, Holoch D, Margueron R. EZH2 mutations in follicular lymphoma distort H3K27me3 profiles and alter transcriptional responses to PRC2 inhibition. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3452. [PMID: 38658543 PMCID: PMC11043461 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in chromatin regulators are widespread in cancer. Among them, the histone H3 lysine 27 methyltransferase Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) shows distinct alterations according to tumor type. This specificity is poorly understood. Here, we model several PRC2 alterations in one isogenic system to reveal their comparative effects. Focusing then on lymphoma-associated EZH2 mutations, we show that Ezh2Y641F induces aberrant H3K27 methylation patterns even without wild-type Ezh2, which are alleviated by partial PRC2 inhibition. Remarkably, Ezh2Y641F rewires the response to PRC2 inhibition, leading to induction of antigen presentation genes. Using a unique longitudinal follicular lymphoma cohort, we further link EZH2 status to abnormal H3K27 methylation. We also uncover unexpected variability in the mutational landscape of successive biopsies, pointing to frequent co-existence of different clones and cautioning against stratifying patients based on single sampling. Our results clarify how oncogenic PRC2 mutations disrupt chromatin and transcription, and the therapeutic vulnerabilities this creates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Romero
- Institut Curie, INSERM U934/CNRS UMR 3215, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Department of Pathology, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Laia Richart
- Institut Curie, INSERM U934/CNRS UMR 3215, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Setareh Aflaki
- Institut Curie, INSERM U934/CNRS UMR 3215, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Ambre Petitalot
- Institut Curie, INSERM U934/CNRS UMR 3215, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Megan Burton
- Institut Curie, INSERM U934/CNRS UMR 3215, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Michaud
- Institut Curie, INSERM U934/CNRS UMR 3215, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Julien Masliah-Planchon
- Institut Curie, Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Genetics, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Kuhnowski
- Institut Curie, Department of Clinical Hematology, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Samuel Le Cam
- Institut Curie, INSERM U934/CNRS UMR 3215, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Carlos Baliñas-Gavira
- Institut Curie, INSERM U934/CNRS UMR 3215, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Céline Méaudre
- Institut Curie, Department of Pathology, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Armelle Luscan
- Institut Curie, INSERM U934/CNRS UMR 3215, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Abderaouf Hamza
- Institut Curie, Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Genetics, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Legoix
- Institut Curie, Genomics of Excellence (ICGex) Platform, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Anne Vincent-Salomon
- Institut Curie, Department of Pathology, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Michel Wassef
- Institut Curie, INSERM U934/CNRS UMR 3215, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Holoch
- Institut Curie, INSERM U934/CNRS UMR 3215, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
| | - Raphaël Margueron
- Institut Curie, INSERM U934/CNRS UMR 3215, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
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8
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Cohen LRZ, Meshorer E. The many faces of H3.3 in regulating chromatin in embryonic stem cells and beyond. Trends Cell Biol 2024:S0962-8924(24)00052-7. [PMID: 38614918 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
H3.3 is a highly conserved nonreplicative histone variant. H3.3 is enriched in promoters and enhancers of active genes, but it is also found within suppressed heterochromatin, mostly around telomeres. Accordingly, H3.3 is associated with seemingly contradicting functions: It is involved in development, differentiation, reprogramming, and cell fate, as well as in heterochromatin formation and maintenance, and the silencing of developmental genes. The emerging view is that different cellular contexts and histone modifications can promote opposing functions for H3.3. Here, we aim to provide an update with a focus on H3.3 functions in early mammalian development, considering the context of embryonic stem cell maintenance and differentiation, to finally conclude with emerging roles in cancer development and cell fate transition and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea R Z Cohen
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eran Meshorer
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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9
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Peterson ER, Sajjakulnukit P, Scott AJ, Heaslip C, Andren A, Wilder-Romans K, Zhou W, Palavalasa S, Korimerla N, Lin A, O'Brien A, Kothari A, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Morgan MA, Venneti S, Koschmann C, Jabado N, Lyssiotis CA, Castro MG, Wahl DR. Purine salvage promotes treatment resistance in H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma. Cancer Metab 2024; 12:11. [PMID: 38594734 PMCID: PMC11003124 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-024-00341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), including diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs), are a fatal form of brain cancer. These tumors often carry a driver mutation on histone H3 converting lysine 27 to methionine (H3K27M). DMG-H3K27M are characterized by altered metabolism and resistance to standard of care radiation (RT) but how the H3K27M mediates the metabolic response to radiation and consequent treatment resistance is uncertain. METHODS We performed metabolomics on irradiated and untreated H3K27M isogenic DMG cell lines and observed an H3K27M-specific enrichment for purine synthesis pathways. We profiled the expression of purine synthesis enzymes in publicly available patient data and our models, quantified purine synthesis using stable isotope tracing, and characterized the in vitro and in vivo response to de novo and salvage purine synthesis inhibition in combination with RT. RESULTS DMG-H3K27M cells activate purine metabolism in an H3K27M-specific fashion. In the absence of genotoxic treatment, H3K27M-expressing cells have higher relative activity of de novo synthesis and apparent lower activity of purine salvage demonstrated via stable isotope tracing of key metabolites in purine synthesis and by lower expression of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT), the rate-limiting enzyme of purine salvage into IMP and GMP. Inhibition of de novo guanylate synthesis radiosensitized DMG-H3K27M cells in vitro and in vivo. Irradiated H3K27M cells upregulated HGPRT expression and hypoxanthine-derived guanylate salvage but maintained high levels of guanine-derived salvage. Exogenous guanine supplementation decreased radiosensitization in cells treated with combination RT and de novo purine synthesis inhibition. Silencing HGPRT combined with RT markedly suppressed DMG-H3K27M tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that DMG-H3K27M cells rely on highly active purine synthesis, both from the de novo and salvage synthesis pathways. However, highly active salvage of free purine bases into mature guanylates can bypass inhibition of the de novo synthetic pathway. We conclude that inhibiting purine salvage may be a promising strategy to overcome treatment resistance in DMG-H3K27M tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Peterson
- Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter Sajjakulnukit
- Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew J Scott
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Caleb Heaslip
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Andren
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kari Wilder-Romans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Weihua Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sravya Palavalasa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Navyateja Korimerla
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Angelica Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexandra O'Brien
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ayesha Kothari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zitong Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Meredith A Morgan
- Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sriram Venneti
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carl Koschmann
- Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nada Jabado
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria G Castro
- Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel R Wahl
- Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Medical Science Unit I, 1301 Catherine Street, Rm 4433, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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10
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Du R, Wen L, Niu M, Zhao L, Guan X, Yang J, Zhang C, Liu H. Activin receptors in human cancer: Functions, mechanisms, and potential clinical applications. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116061. [PMID: 38369212 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Activins are members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily and act as key regulators in various physiological processes, such as follicle and embryonic development, as well as in multiple human diseases, including cancer. They have been established to signal through three type I and two type II serine/threonine kinase receptors, which, upon ligand binding, form a final signal-transducing receptor complex that activates downstream signaling and governs gene expression. Recent research highlighted the dysregulation of the expression or activity of activin receptors in multiple human cancers and their critical involvement in cancer progression. Furthermore, expression levels of activin receptors have been associated with clinicopathological features and patient outcomes across different cancers. However, there is currently a paucity of comprehensive systematic reviews of activin receptors in cancer. Thus, this review aimed to consolidate existing knowledge concerning activin receptors, with a primary emphasis on their signaling cascade and emerging biological functions, regulatory mechanisms, and potential clinical applications in human cancers in order to provide novel perspectives on cancer prognosis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Du
- First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Liqi Wen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Min Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Liting Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaoya Guan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Department of Anatomy, the Basic Medical School of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Chunming Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, the Basic Medical School of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China.
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11
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Yamada M, Keller RR, Gutierrez RL, Cameron D, Suzuki H, Sanghrajka R, Vaynshteyn J, Gerwin J, Maura F, Hooper W, Shah M, Robine N, Demarest P, Bayin NS, Zapater LJ, Reed C, Hébert S, Masilionis I, Chaligne R, Socci ND, Taylor MD, Kleinman CL, Joyner AL, Raju GP, Kentsis A. Childhood cancer mutagenesis caused by transposase-derived PGBD5. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn4649. [PMID: 38517960 PMCID: PMC10959420 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn4649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Genomic rearrangements are a hallmark of most childhood tumors, including medulloblastoma, one of the most common brain tumors in children, but their causes remain largely unknown. Here, we show that PiggyBac transposable element derived 5 (Pgbd5) promotes tumor development in multiple developmentally accurate mouse models of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) medulloblastoma. Most Pgbd5-deficient mice do not develop tumors, while maintaining normal cerebellar development. Ectopic activation of SHH signaling is sufficient to enforce cerebellar granule cell progenitor-like cell states, which exhibit Pgbd5-dependent expression of distinct DNA repair and neurodevelopmental factors. Mouse medulloblastomas expressing Pgbd5 have increased numbers of somatic structural DNA rearrangements, some of which carry PGBD5-specific sequences at their breakpoints. Similar sequence breakpoints recurrently affect somatic DNA rearrangements of known tumor suppressors and oncogenes in medulloblastomas in 329 children. This identifies PGBD5 as a medulloblastoma mutator and provides a genetic mechanism for the generation of oncogenic DNA rearrangements in childhood cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Yamada
- Tow Center for Developmental Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ross R. Keller
- Tow Center for Developmental Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Daniel Cameron
- Tow Center for Developmental Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hiromichi Suzuki
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reeti Sanghrajka
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jake Vaynshteyn
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Gerwin
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francesco Maura
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - William Hooper
- Computational Biology, New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Minita Shah
- Computational Biology, New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicolas Robine
- Computational Biology, New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Phillip Demarest
- Tow Center for Developmental Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - N. Sumru Bayin
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luz Jubierre Zapater
- Tow Center for Developmental Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Casie Reed
- Tow Center for Developmental Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven Hébert
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ignas Masilionis
- Single-Cell Analytics Innovation Lab, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronan Chaligne
- Single-Cell Analytics Innovation Lab, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas D. Socci
- Bioinformatics Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael D. Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics—Hematology/Oncology and Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Hematology-Oncology Section, Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre and the Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Claudia L. Kleinman
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandra L. Joyner
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Program and Neuroscience Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - G. Praveen Raju
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Kentsis
- Tow Center for Developmental Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Physiology & Biophysics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Sussman JH, Oldridge DA, Yu W, Chen CH, Zellmer AM, Rong J, Parvaresh-Rizi A, Thadi A, Xu J, Bandyopadhyay S, Sun Y, Wu D, Emerson Hunter C, Brosius S, Ahn KJ, Baxter AE, Koptyra MP, Vanguri RS, McGrory S, Resnick AC, Storm PB, Amankulor NM, Santi M, Viaene AN, Zhang N, Raedt TD, Cole K, Tan K. A longitudinal single-cell and spatial multiomic atlas of pediatric high-grade glioma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.06.583588. [PMID: 38496580 PMCID: PMC10942465 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.06.583588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) is an incurable central nervous system malignancy that is a leading cause of pediatric cancer death. While pHGG shares many similarities to adult glioma, it is increasingly recognized as a molecularly distinct, yet highly heterogeneous disease. In this study, we longitudinally profiled a molecularly diverse cohort of 16 pHGG patients before and after standard therapy through single-nucleus RNA and ATAC sequencing, whole-genome sequencing, and CODEX spatial proteomics to capture the evolution of the tumor microenvironment during progression following treatment. We found that the canonical neoplastic cell phenotypes of adult glioblastoma are insufficient to capture the range of tumor cell states in a pediatric cohort and observed differential tumor-myeloid interactions between malignant cell states. We identified key transcriptional regulators of pHGG cell states and did not observe the marked proneural to mesenchymal shift characteristic of adult glioblastoma. We showed that essential neuromodulators and the interferon response are upregulated post-therapy along with an increase in non-neoplastic oligodendrocytes. Through in vitro pharmacological perturbation, we demonstrated novel malignant cell-intrinsic targets. This multiomic atlas of longitudinal pHGG captures the key features of therapy response that support distinction from its adult counterpart and suggests therapeutic strategies which are targeted to pediatric gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H. Sussman
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Derek A. Oldridge
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School
of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Wenbao Yu
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital
of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman
School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chia-Hui Chen
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital
of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Abigail M. Zellmer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School
of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jiazhen Rong
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Anusha Thadi
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital
of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jason Xu
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Shovik Bandyopadhyay
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Yusha Sun
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania, PA
| | - David Wu
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - C. Emerson Hunter
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephanie Brosius
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kyung Jin Ahn
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital
of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amy E. Baxter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School
of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mateusz P. Koptyra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rami S. Vanguri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School
of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephanie McGrory
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital
of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Adam C. Resnick
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Phillip B. Storm
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nduka M. Amankulor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine,
Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mariarita Santi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School
of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Angela N. Viaene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School
of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nancy Zhang
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Thomas De Raedt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School
of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital
of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kristina Cole
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital
of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman
School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kai Tan
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital
of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman
School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Single Cell Biology, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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13
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Sojka C, Sloan SA. Gliomas: a reflection of temporal gliogenic principles. Commun Biol 2024; 7:156. [PMID: 38321118 PMCID: PMC10847444 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The hijacking of early developmental programs is a canonical feature of gliomas where neoplastic cells resemble neurodevelopmental lineages and possess mechanisms of stem cell resilience. Given these parallels, uncovering how and when in developmental time gliomagenesis intersects with normal trajectories can greatly inform our understanding of tumor biology. Here, we review how elapsing time impacts the developmental principles of astrocyte (AS) and oligodendrocyte (OL) lineages, and how these same temporal programs are replicated, distorted, or circumvented in pathological settings such as gliomas. Additionally, we discuss how normal gliogenic processes can inform our understanding of the temporal progression of gliomagenesis, including when in developmental time gliomas originate, thrive, and can be pushed towards upon therapeutic coercion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Sojka
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven A Sloan
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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14
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Koschmann C, Al-Holou WN, Alonso MM, Anastas J, Bandopadhayay P, Barron T, Becher O, Cartaxo R, Castro MG, Chung C, Clausen M, Dang D, Doherty R, Duchatel R, Dun M, Filbin M, Franson A, Galban S, Garcia Moure M, Garton H, Gowda P, Marques JG, Hawkins C, Heath A, Hulleman E, Ji S, Jones C, Kilburn L, Kline C, Koldobskiy MA, Lim D, Lowenstein PR, Lu QR, Lum J, Mack S, Magge S, Marini B, Martin D, Marupudi N, Messinger D, Mody R, Morgan M, Mota M, Muraszko K, Mueller S, Natarajan SK, Nazarian J, Niculcea M, Nuechterlein N, Okada H, Opipari V, Pai MP, Pal S, Peterson E, Phoenix T, Prensner JR, Pun M, Raju GP, Reitman ZJ, Resnick A, Rogawski D, Saratsis A, Sbergio SG, Souweidane M, Stafford JM, Tzaridis T, Venkataraman S, Vittorio O, Wadden J, Wahl D, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Yadav VN, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Venneti S. A road map for the treatment of pediatric diffuse midline glioma. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:1-5. [PMID: 38039965 PMCID: PMC11067690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent clinical trials for H3K27-altered diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) have shown much promise. We present a consensus roadmap and identify three major barriers: (1) refinement of experimental models to include immune and brain-specific components; (2) collaboration among researchers, clinicians, and industry to integrate patient-derived data through sharing, transparency, and regulatory considerations; and (3) streamlining clinical efforts including biopsy, CNS-drug delivery, endpoint determination, and response monitoring. We highlight the importance of comprehensive collaboration to advance the understanding, diagnostics, and therapeutics for DMGs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tara Barron
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Oren Becher
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | | | - Chan Chung
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | | | - Derek Dang
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Ryan Duchatel
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Matthew Dun
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Hugh Garton
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | | | | | - Allison Heath
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Sunjong Ji
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chris Jones
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute for Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | | | - Cassie Kline
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Daniel Lim
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Q Richard Lu
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Joanna Lum
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Suresh Magge
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Donna Martin
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | | | - Rajen Mody
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Mateus Mota
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Sabine Mueller
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Javad Nazarian
- Children's National, Washington, DC 20010, USA; University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicholas Nuechterlein
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hideho Okada
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Timothy Phoenix
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | | | - Matthew Pun
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - G Praveen Raju
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Adam Resnick
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mark Souweidane
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - James M Stafford
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Theophilos Tzaridis
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Orazio Vittorio
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jack Wadden
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel Wahl
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | | | - Xu Zhang
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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15
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Krug B, Hu B, Chen H, Ptack A, Chen X, Gretarsson KH, Deshmukh S, Kabir N, Andrade AF, Jabbour E, Harutyunyan AS, Lee JJY, Hulswit M, Faury D, Russo C, Xu X, Johnston MJ, Baguette A, Dahl NA, Weil AG, Ellezam B, Dali R, Blanchette M, Wilson K, Garcia BA, Soni RK, Gallo M, Taylor MD, Kleinman CL, Majewski J, Jabado N, Lu C. H3K27me3 spreading organizes canonical PRC1 chromatin architecture to regulate developmental programs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.28.567931. [PMID: 38116029 PMCID: PMC10729739 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.28.567931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2)-mediated histone H3K27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) recruits canonical PRC1 (cPRC1) to maintain heterochromatin. In early development, polycomb-regulated genes are connected through long-range 3D interactions which resolve upon differentiation. Here, we report that polycomb looping is controlled by H3K27me3 spreading and regulates target gene silencing and cell fate specification. Using glioma-derived H3 Lys-27-Met (H3K27M) mutations as tools to restrict H3K27me3 deposition, we show that H3K27me3 confinement concentrates the chromatin pool of cPRC1, resulting in heightened 3D interactions mirroring chromatin architecture of pluripotency, and stringent gene repression that maintains cells in progenitor states to facilitate tumor development. Conversely, H3K27me3 spread in pluripotent stem cells, following neural differentiation or loss of the H3K36 methyltransferase NSD1, dilutes cPRC1 concentration and dissolves polycomb loops. These results identify the regulatory principles and disease implications of polycomb looping and nominate histone modification-guided distribution of reader complexes as an important mechanism for nuclear compartment organization. Highlights The confinement of H3K27me3 at PRC2 nucleation sites without its spreading correlates with increased 3D chromatin interactions.The H3K27M oncohistone concentrates canonical PRC1 that anchors chromatin loop interactions in gliomas, silencing developmental programs.Stem and progenitor cells require factors promoting H3K27me3 confinement, including H3K36me2, to maintain cPRC1 loop architecture.The cPRC1-H3K27me3 interaction is a targetable driver of aberrant self-renewal in tumor cells.
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16
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Salomoni P, Flanagan AM, Cottone L. (B)On(e)-cohistones and the epigenetic alterations at the root of bone cancer. Cell Death Differ 2023:10.1038/s41418-023-01227-9. [PMID: 37828086 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of mutations in histones in a number of human neoplasms and developmental syndromes represents the most compelling evidence to date for a causal role of epigenetic perturbations in human disease. In most cases, these mutations have gain of function properties that cause deviation from normal developmental processes leading to embryo defects and/or neoplastic transformation. These exciting discoveries represent a step-change in our understanding of the role of chromatin (dys)regulation in development and disease. However, the mechanisms of action of oncogenic histone mutations (oncohistones) remain only partially understood. Here, we critically assess existing literature on oncohistones focussing mainly on bone neoplasms. We show how it is possible to draw parallels with some of the cell-autonomous mechanisms of action described in paediatric brain cancer, although the functions of oncohistones in bone tumours remain under-investigated. In this respect, it is becoming clear that histone mutations targeting the same residues display, at least in part, tissue-specific oncogenic mechanisms. Furthermore, it is emerging that cancer cells carrying oncohistones can modify the surrounding microenvironment to support growth and/or alter differentiation trajectories. A better understanding of oncohistone function in different neoplasms provide potential for identification of signalling that could be targeted therapeutically. Finally, we discuss some of the main concepts and future directions in this research area, while also drawing possible connections and parallels with other cancer epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Salomoni
- Nuclear Function Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Adrienne M Flanagan
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK
- Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lucia Cottone
- Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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17
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Grassl N, Poschke I, Lindner K, Bunse L, Mildenberger I, Boschert T, Jähne K, Green EW, Hülsmeyer I, Jünger S, Kessler T, Suwala AK, Eisele P, Breckwoldt MO, Vajkoczy P, Grauer OM, Herrlinger U, Tonn JC, Denk M, Sahm F, Bendszus M, von Deimling A, Winkler F, Wick W, Platten M, Sahm K. A H3K27M-targeted vaccine in adults with diffuse midline glioma. Nat Med 2023; 29:2586-2592. [PMID: 37735561 PMCID: PMC10579055 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02555-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Substitution of lysine 27 to methionine in histone H3 (H3K27M) defines an aggressive subtype of diffuse glioma. Previous studies have shown that a H3K27M-specific long peptide vaccine (H3K27M-vac) induces mutation-specific immune responses that control H3K27M+ tumors in major histocompatibility complex-humanized mice. Here we describe a first-in-human treatment with H3K27M-vac of eight adult patients with progressive H3K27M+ diffuse midline glioma on a compassionate use basis. Five patients received H3K27M-vac combined with anti-PD-1 treatment based on physician's discretion. Repeat vaccinations with H3K27M-vac were safe and induced CD4+ T cell-dominated, mutation-specific immune responses in five of eight patients across multiple human leukocyte antigen types. Median progression-free survival after vaccination was 6.2 months and median overall survival was 12.8 months. One patient with a strong mutation-specific T cell response after H3K27M-vac showed pseudoprogression followed by sustained complete remission for >31 months. Our data demonstrate safety and immunogenicity of H3K27M-vac in patients with progressive H3K27M+ diffuse midline glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Grassl
- DKTK CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, MCTN, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Isabel Poschke
- DKTK CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Immune Monitoring Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Lindner
- DKTK CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Immune Monitoring Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Bunse
- DKTK CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, MCTN, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Iris Mildenberger
- DKTK CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, MCTN, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tamara Boschert
- DKTK CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Immune Monitoring Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON) Mainz, German Cancer Research Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristine Jähne
- DKTK CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, MCTN, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Edward W Green
- DKTK CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, MCTN, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hülsmeyer
- DKTK CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Immune Monitoring Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Jünger
- DKTK CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Immune Monitoring Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kessler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Abigail K Suwala
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Eisele
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, MCTN, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael O Breckwoldt
- DKTK CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver M Grauer
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrich Herrlinger
- Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Monika Denk
- Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Winkler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- DKTK CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, MCTN, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
- Immune Monitoring Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON) Mainz, German Cancer Research Center, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Katharina Sahm
- DKTK CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, MCTN, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
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18
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Thomas BC, Staudt DE, Douglas AM, Monje M, Vitanza NA, Dun MD. CAR T cell therapies for diffuse midline glioma. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:791-804. [PMID: 37541803 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a fatal pediatric cancer of the central nervous system (CNS). The location and infiltrative nature of DMG prevents surgical resection and the benefits of palliative radiotherapy are temporary; median overall survival (OS) is 9-11 months. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is 'cold', and has a dominant immunosuppressive myeloid compartment with low levels of infiltrating lymphocytes and proinflammatory molecules. Because survival statistics have been stagnant for many decades, and therapies targeting the unique biology of DMG are urgently needed, this has prompted the clinical assessment of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies in this setting. We highlight the current landscape of CAR T cell therapy for DMG, the role the TIME may play in the response, and strategies to overcome treatment obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce C Thomas
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Dilana E Staudt
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Alicia M Douglas
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle Monje
- Stanford Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas A Vitanza
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew D Dun
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; Paediatric Theme, Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
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19
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Pandey K, Wang SS, Mifsud NA, Faridi P, Davenport AJ, Webb AI, Sandow JJ, Ayala R, Monje M, Cross RS, Ramarathinam SH, Jenkins MR, Purcell AW. A combined immunopeptidomics, proteomics, and cell surface proteomics approach to identify immunotherapy targets for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1192448. [PMID: 37637064 PMCID: PMC10455951 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1192448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), recently reclassified as a subtype of diffuse midline glioma, is a highly aggressive brainstem tumor affecting children and young adults, with no cure and a median survival of only 9 months. Conventional treatments are ineffective, highlighting the need for alternative therapeutic strategies such as cellular immunotherapy. However, identifying unique and tumor-specific cell surface antigens to target with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or T-cell receptor (TCR) therapies is challenging. Methods In this study, a multi-omics approach was used to interrogate patient-derived DIPG cell lines and to identify potential targets for immunotherapy. Results Through immunopeptidomics, a range of targetable peptide antigens from cancer testis and tumor-associated antigens as well as peptides derived from human endogenous retroviral elements were identified. Proteomics analysis also revealed upregulation of potential drug targets and cell surface proteins such as Cluster of differentiation 27 (CD276) B7 homolog 3 protein (B7H3), Interleukin 13 alpha receptor 2 (IL-13Rα2), Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 3 (HER2), Ephrin Type-A Receptor 2 (EphA2), and Ephrin Type-A Receptor 3 (EphA3). Discussion The results of this study provide a valuable resource for the scientific community to accelerate immunotherapeutic approaches for DIPG. Identifying potential targets for CAR and TCR therapies could open up new avenues for treating this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Stacie S. Wang
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Children’s Cancer Centre, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole A. Mifsud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Pouya Faridi
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Sub-Faculty of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexander J. Davenport
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew I. Webb
- Advanced Technology and Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jarrod J. Sandow
- Advanced Technology and Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rochelle Ayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle Monje
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ryan S. Cross
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sri H. Ramarathinam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Misty R. Jenkins
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- LaTrobe Institute for Molecular Science, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony W. Purcell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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20
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McNicholas M, De Cola A, Bashardanesh Z, Foss A, Lloyd CB, Hébert S, Faury D, Andrade AF, Jabado N, Kleinman CL, Pathania M. A Compendium of Syngeneic, Transplantable Pediatric High-Grade Glioma Models Reveals Subtype-Specific Therapeutic Vulnerabilities. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:1592-1615. [PMID: 37011011 PMCID: PMC10326601 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) are lethal, incurable brain tumors frequently driven by clonal mutations in histone genes. They often harbor a range of additional genetic alterations that correlate with different ages, anatomic locations, and tumor subtypes. We developed models representing 16 pHGG subtypes driven by different combinations of alterations targeted to specific brain regions. Tumors developed with varying latencies and cell lines derived from these models engrafted in syngeneic, immunocompetent mice with high penetrance. Targeted drug screening revealed unexpected selective vulnerabilities-H3.3G34R/PDGFRAC235Y to FGFR inhibition, H3.3K27M/PDGFRAWT to PDGFRA inhibition, and H3.3K27M/PDGFRAWT and H3.3K27M/PPM1DΔC/PIK3CAE545K to combined inhibition of MEK and PIK3CA. Moreover, H3.3K27M tumors with PIK3CA, NF1, and FGFR1 mutations were more invasive and harbored distinct additional phenotypes, such as exophytic spread, cranial nerve invasion, and spinal dissemination. Collectively, these models reveal that different partner alterations produce distinct effects on pHGG cellular composition, latency, invasiveness, and treatment sensitivity. SIGNIFICANCE Histone-mutant pediatric gliomas are a highly heterogeneous tumor entity. Different histone mutations correlate with different ages of onset, survival outcomes, brain regions, and partner alterations. We have developed models of histone-mutant gliomas that reflect this anatomic and genetic heterogeneity and provide evidence of subtype-specific biology and therapeutic targeting. See related commentary by Lubanszky and Hawkins, p. 1516. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1501.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael McNicholas
- Department of Oncology and Milner Therapeutics Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- CRUK Children's Brain Tumour Centre of Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Antonella De Cola
- Department of Oncology and Milner Therapeutics Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- CRUK Children's Brain Tumour Centre of Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zahedeh Bashardanesh
- Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amelia Foss
- Department of Oncology and Milner Therapeutics Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- CRUK Children's Brain Tumour Centre of Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cameron B. Lloyd
- Department of Oncology and Milner Therapeutics Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- CRUK Children's Brain Tumour Centre of Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Hébert
- Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Damien Faury
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, and The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Nada Jabado
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, and The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claudia L. Kleinman
- Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Manav Pathania
- Department of Oncology and Milner Therapeutics Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- CRUK Children's Brain Tumour Centre of Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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21
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Abstract
The nervous system regulates tissue stem and precursor populations throughout life. Parallel to roles in development, the nervous system is emerging as a critical regulator of cancer, from oncogenesis to malignant growth and metastatic spread. Various preclinical models in a range of malignancies have demonstrated that nervous system activity can control cancer initiation and powerfully influence cancer progression and metastasis. Just as the nervous system can regulate cancer progression, cancer also remodels and hijacks nervous system structure and function. Interactions between the nervous system and cancer occur both in the local tumour microenvironment and systemically. Neurons and glial cells communicate directly with malignant cells in the tumour microenvironment through paracrine factors and, in some cases, through neuron-to-cancer cell synapses. Additionally, indirect interactions occur at a distance through circulating signals and through influences on immune cell trafficking and function. Such cross-talk among the nervous system, immune system and cancer-both systemically and in the local tumour microenvironment-regulates pro-tumour inflammation and anti-cancer immunity. Elucidating the neuroscience of cancer, which calls for interdisciplinary collaboration among the fields of neuroscience, developmental biology, immunology and cancer biology, may advance effective therapies for many of the most difficult to treat malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mancusi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Monje
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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22
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Ocasio JK, Budd KM, Roach JT, Andrews JM, Baker SJ. Oncohistones and disrupted development in pediatric-type diffuse high-grade glioma. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:367-388. [PMID: 37119408 PMCID: PMC10441521 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent, clonal somatic mutations in histone H3 are molecular hallmarks that distinguish the genetic mechanisms underlying pediatric and adult high-grade glioma (HGG), define biological subgroups of diffuse glioma, and highlight connections between cancer, development, and epigenetics. These oncogenic mutations in histones, now termed "oncohistones", were discovered through genome-wide sequencing of pediatric diffuse high-grade glioma. Up to 80% of diffuse midline glioma (DMG), including diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) and diffuse glioma arising in other midline structures including thalamus or spinal cord, contain histone H3 lysine 27 to methionine (K27M) mutations or, rarely, other alterations that result in a depletion of H3K27me3 similar to that induced by H3 K27M. This subgroup of glioma is now defined as diffuse midline glioma, H3K27-altered. In contrast, histone H3 Gly34Arg/Val (G34R/V) mutations are found in approximately 30% of diffuse glioma arising in the cerebral hemispheres of older adolescents and young adults, now classified as diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3G34-mutant. Here, we review how oncohistones modulate the epigenome and discuss the mutational landscape and invasive properties of histone mutant HGGs of childhood. The distinct mechanisms through which oncohistones and other mutations rewrite the epigenetic landscape provide novel insights into development and tumorigenesis and may present unique vulnerabilities for pHGGs. Lessons learned from these rare incurable brain tumors of childhood may have broader implications for cancer, as additional high- and low-frequency oncohistone mutations have been identified in other tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Ocasio
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Budd
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jordan T Roach
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memphis, TN, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jared M Andrews
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Suzanne J Baker
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
- St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memphis, TN, USA.
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23
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Foss A, Pathania M. Pediatric Glioma Models Provide Insights into Tumor Development and Future Therapeutic Strategies. Dev Neurosci 2023; 46:22-43. [PMID: 37231843 DOI: 10.1159/000531040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In depth study of pediatric gliomas has been hampered due to difficulties in accessing patient tissue and a lack of clinically representative tumor models. Over the last decade, however, profiling of carefully curated cohorts of pediatric tumors has identified genetic drivers that molecularly segregate pediatric gliomas from adult gliomas. This information has inspired the development of a new set of powerful in vitro and in vivo tumor models that can aid in identifying pediatric-specific oncogenic mechanisms and tumor microenvironment interactions. Single-cell analyses of both human tumors and these newly developed models have revealed that pediatric gliomas arise from spatiotemporally discrete neural progenitor populations in which developmental programs have become dysregulated. Pediatric high-grade gliomas also harbor distinct sets of co-segregating genetic and epigenetic alterations, often accompanied by unique features within the tumor microenvironment. The development of these novel tools and data resources has led to insights into the biology and heterogeneity of these tumors, including identification of distinctive sets of driver mutations, developmentally restricted cells of origin, recognizable patterns of tumor progression, characteristic immune environments, and tumor hijacking of normal microenvironmental and neural programs. As concerted efforts have broadened our understanding of these tumors, new therapeutic vulnerabilities have been identified, and for the first time, promising new strategies are being evaluated in the preclinical and clinical settings. Even so, dedicated and sustained collaborative efforts are necessary to refine our knowledge and bring these new strategies into general clinical use. In this review, we will discuss the range of currently available glioma models, the way in which they have each contributed to recent developments in the field, their benefits and drawbacks for addressing specific research questions, and their future utility in advancing biological understanding and treatment of pediatric glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Foss
- Department of Oncology and the Milner Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- CRUK Children's Brain Tumour Centre of Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Manav Pathania
- Department of Oncology and the Milner Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- CRUK Children's Brain Tumour Centre of Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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24
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Andrade AF, Chen CCL, Jabado N. Oncohistones in brain tumors: the soil and seed. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:444-455. [PMID: 36933956 PMCID: PMC11075889 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent somatic mutations in histone 3 (H3) variants (termed 'oncohistones') have been identified in high-grade gliomas (HGGs) in children and young adults and induce tumorigenesis through disruption of chromatin states. Oncohistones occur with exquisite neuroanatomical specificity and are associated with specific age distribution and epigenome landscapes. Here, we review the known intrinsic ('seed') and the extrinsic ('soil') factors needed for their optimal oncogenic effect and highlight the many unresolved questions regarding their effects on development and crosstalk with the tumor microenvironment. The 'seed and soil' analogy, used to explain tumor metastatic niches, also applies to oncohistones, which mainly thrive and flourish in specific chromatin states during very narrow windows of development, creating exquisite vulnerabilities, which could provide effective therapies for these deadly cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol C L Chen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Nada Jabado
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
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25
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Okonechnikov K, Camgöz A, Chapman O, Wani S, Park DE, Hübner JM, Chakraborty A, Pagadala M, Bump R, Chandran S, Kraft K, Acuna-Hidalgo R, Reid D, Sikkink K, Mauermann M, Juarez EF, Jenseit A, Robinson JT, Pajtler KW, Milde T, Jäger N, Fiesel P, Morgan L, Sridhar S, Coufal NG, Levy M, Malicki D, Hobbs C, Kingsmore S, Nahas S, Snuderl M, Crawford J, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Davidson TB, Cotter J, Michaiel G, Fleischhack G, Mundlos S, Schmitt A, Carter H, Michealraj KA, Kumar SA, Taylor MD, Rich J, Buchholz F, Mesirov JP, Pfister SM, Ay F, Dixon JR, Kool M, Chavez L. 3D genome mapping identifies subgroup-specific chromosome conformations and tumor-dependency genes in ependymoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2300. [PMID: 37085539 PMCID: PMC10121654 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ependymoma is a tumor of the brain or spinal cord. The two most common and aggressive molecular groups of ependymoma are the supratentorial ZFTA-fusion associated and the posterior fossa ependymoma group A. In both groups, tumors occur mainly in young children and frequently recur after treatment. Although molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases have recently been uncovered, they remain difficult to target and innovative therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Here, we use genome-wide chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C), complemented with CTCF and H3K27ac ChIP-seq, as well as gene expression and DNA methylation analysis in primary and relapsed ependymoma tumors, to identify chromosomal conformations and regulatory mechanisms associated with aberrant gene expression. In particular, we observe the formation of new topologically associating domains ('neo-TADs') caused by structural variants, group-specific 3D chromatin loops, and the replacement of CTCF insulators by DNA hyper-methylation. Through inhibition experiments, we validate that genes implicated by these 3D genome conformations are essential for the survival of patient-derived ependymoma models in a group-specific manner. Thus, this study extends our ability to reveal tumor-dependency genes by 3D genome conformations even in tumors that lack targetable genetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Okonechnikov
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aylin Camgöz
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT): German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Owen Chapman
- Division of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, USA
| | - Sameena Wani
- Division of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, USA
| | - Donglim Esther Park
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jens-Martin Hübner
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Abhijit Chakraborty
- Centers for Cancer Immunotherapy and Autoimmunity, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Meghana Pagadala
- Division of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, USA
| | - Rosalind Bump
- Peptide Biology Labs, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sahaana Chandran
- Peptide Biology Labs, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Katerina Kraft
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rocio Acuna-Hidalgo
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Derek Reid
- Arima Genomics, Inc, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | | | - Monika Mauermann
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Edwin F Juarez
- Division of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, USA
| | - Anne Jenseit
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - James T Robinson
- Division of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, USA
| | - Kristian W Pajtler
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Till Milde
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- CCU Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalie Jäger
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Fiesel
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- CCU Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ling Morgan
- Division of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, USA
| | - Sunita Sridhar
- Division of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, USA
| | - Nicole G Coufal
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Michael Levy
- Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego - Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA
| | - Denise Malicki
- Pathology, University of California San Diego - Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA
| | - Charlotte Hobbs
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA
| | - Stephen Kingsmore
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA
| | - Shareef Nahas
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Crawford
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego - Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tom Belle Davidson
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Cotter
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - George Michaiel
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gudrun Fleischhack
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), West German Cancer Center, Pediatrics III, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Mundlos
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Hannah Carter
- Division of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, USA
| | - Kulandaimanuvel Antony Michealraj
- Division of Neurosurgery, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONT, Canada
| | - Sachin A Kumar
- Division of Neurosurgery, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONT, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Division of Neurosurgery, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONT, Canada
| | - Jeremy Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Frank Buchholz
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT): German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Medical Systems Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jill P Mesirov
- Division of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ferhat Ay
- Centers for Cancer Immunotherapy and Autoimmunity, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jesse R Dixon
- Peptide Biology Labs, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marcel Kool
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas Chavez
- Division of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, USA.
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA.
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA.
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26
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Chen CCL, Andrade AF, Jabado N. SMARCA4 vulnerability in H3K27M midline glioma: A silver bullet for a lethal disease. Mol Cell 2023; 83:163-164. [PMID: 36669477 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To investigate epigenetic dependencies and identify therapeutic vulnerabilities, Mo et al.1 and Panditharatna et al.2 performed CRISPR screens and show that deadly H3K27M gliomas are dependent on mammalian BAF (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol C L Chen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | | | - Nada Jabado
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, and The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
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27
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Jovanovich N, Habib A, Head J, Hameed F, Agnihotri S, Zinn PO. Pediatric diffuse midline glioma: Understanding the mechanisms and assessing the next generation of personalized therapeutics. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad040. [PMID: 37152806 PMCID: PMC10162114 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a pediatric cancer that originates in the midline structures of the brain. Prognosis of DMG patients remains poor due to the infiltrative nature of these tumors and the protection they receive from systemically delivered therapeutics via an intact blood-brain barrier (BBB), making treatment difficult. While the cell of origin remains disputed, it is believed to reside in the ventral pons. Recent research has pointed toward epigenetic dysregulation inducing an OPC-like transcriptomic signature in DMG cells. This epigenetic dysregulation is typically caused by a mutation (K27M) in one of two histone genes-H3F3A or HIST1H3B -and can lead to a differentiation block that increases these cells oncogenic potential. Standard treatment with radiation is not sufficient at overcoming the aggressivity of this cancer and only confers a survival benefit of a few months, and thus, discovery of new therapeutics is of utmost importance. In this review, we discuss the cell of origin of DMGs, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to their aggressivity and resistance to treatment. Additionally, we outline the current standard of care for DMG patients and the potential future therapeutics for this cancer that are currently being tested in preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolina Jovanovich
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ahmed Habib
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffery Head
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Farrukh Hameed
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- Sameer Agnihtroi, PhD, 4401 Penn Avenue, Office 7126, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA ()
| | - Pascal O Zinn
- Corresponding Authors: Pascal O. Zinn, MD, PhD, 5150 Centre Ave. Suite 433, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA ()
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28
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Sussman JH, Xu J, Amankulor N, Tan K. Dissecting the tumor microenvironment of epigenetically driven gliomas: Opportunities for single-cell and spatial multiomics. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad101. [PMID: 37706202 PMCID: PMC10496944 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are incurable brain neoplasms with dismal prognoses and near-universal fatality, with minimal therapeutic progress despite billions of dollars invested in research and clinical trials over the last 2 decades. Many glioma studies have utilized disparate histologic and genomic platforms to characterize the stunning genomic, transcriptomic, and immunologic heterogeneity found in gliomas. Single-cell and spatial omics technologies enable unprecedented characterization of heterogeneity in solid malignancies and provide a granular annotation of transcriptional, epigenetic, and microenvironmental states with limited resected tissue. Heterogeneity in gliomas may be defined, at the broadest levels, by tumors ostensibly driven by epigenetic alterations (IDH- and histone-mutant) versus non-epigenetic tumors (IDH-wild type). Epigenetically driven tumors are defined by remarkable transcriptional programs, immunologically distinct microenvironments, and incompletely understood topography (unique cellular neighborhoods and cell-cell interactions). Thus, these tumors are the ideal substrate for single-cell multiomic technologies to disentangle the complex intra-tumoral features, including differentiation trajectories, tumor-immune cell interactions, and chromatin dysregulation. The current review summarizes the applications of single-cell multiomics to existing datasets of epigenetically driven glioma. More importantly, we discuss future capabilities and applications of novel multiomic strategies to answer outstanding questions, enable the development of potent therapeutic strategies, and improve personalized diagnostics and treatment via digital pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Sussman
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jason Xu
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nduka Amankulor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kai Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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29
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Defining the cell of origin for diffuse midline gliomas. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1770-1771. [PMID: 36471069 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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