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Evans ST, Jani Y, Jansen CS, Yildirim A, Kalemoglu E, Bilen MA. Understanding and overcoming resistance to immunotherapy in genitourinary cancers. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2342599. [PMID: 38629578 PMCID: PMC11028033 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2342599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The introduction of novel immunotherapies has significantly transformed the treatment landscape of genitourinary (GU) cancers, even becoming the standard of care in some settings. One such type of immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) like nivolumab, ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab play a pivotal role by disturbing signaling pathways that limit the immune system's ability to fight tumor cells. Despite the profound impact of these treatments, not all tumors are responsive. Recent research efforts have been focused on understanding how cancer cells manage to evade the immune response and identifying the possible mechanisms behind resistance to immunotherapy. In response, ICIs are being combined with other treatments to reduce resistance and attack cancer cells through multiple cellular pathways. Additionally, novel, targeted strategies are currently being investigated to develop innovative methods of overcoming resistance and treatment failure. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance in GU cancers as currently described in the literature. It explores studies that have identified genetic markers, cytokines, and proteins that may predict resistance or response to immunotherapy. Additionally, we review current efforts to overcome this resistance, which include combination ICIs and sequential therapies, novel insights into the host immune profile, and new targeted therapies. Various approaches that combine immunotherapy with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, vaccines, and radiation have been studied in an effort to more effectively overcome resistance to immunotherapy. While each of these combination therapies has shown some efficacy in clinical trials, a deeper understanding of the immune system's role underscores the potential of novel targeted therapies as a particularly promising area of current research. Currently, several targeted agents are in development, along with the identification of key immune mediators involved in immunotherapy resistance. Further research is necessary to identify predictors of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Evans
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yash Jani
- Undergraduate studies, Mercer University, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Caroline S Jansen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology Program, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ahmet Yildirim
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology Program, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ecem Kalemoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Basic Oncology, Health Institute of Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Asim Bilen
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology Program, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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2
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Zhao H, Liu Y, Wu Y, Cheng J, Li Y. Inhibition of ASAP1 Modulates the Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Suppresses Lung Cancer Metastasis via the p-STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01349-y. [PMID: 38874840 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
ADP ribosylation factor guanylate kinase 1 (ASAP1), a key protein regulating cell migration and invasion, has attracted extensive attention in oncological research in recent years. This study aims to explore the effects of ASAP1 inhibition on lung cancer metastasis and its potential mechanisms, particularly how it modulates the tumor immune microenvironment through the p-STAT3 signaling pathway. In this study, shRNA technology was employed to specifically inhibit ASAP1 expression in lung cancer cell lines A549, NCI-H1299, and PC-9. The effects of ASAP1 inhibition on lung cancer cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were evaluated using CCK-8, TUNEL apoptosis detection, and cell migration and invasion assays. Furthermore, animal experiments were conducted to assess the in vivo effects of ASAP1 inhibition on lung cancer metastasis, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed to investigate changes in immune cells in lung metastasis models, further exploring its impact on the tumor immune microenvironment. The experimental results demonstrated that ASAP1 inhibition significantly reduced lung cancer cell viability, induced apoptosis in A549, NCI-H1299, and PC-9 cells, and suppressed the migration and invasion abilities of these cells. In vivo experiments revealed that ASAP1 inhibition effectively suppressed lung cancer metastasis and altered the tumor immune microenvironment by regulating immune cells. Moreover, we found that ASAP1 inhibition could decrease tumor cell proliferation and induce tumor apoptosis in lung metastasis models by inhibiting the p-STAT3 signaling pathway. This study confirms that ASAP1 inhibition can suppress lung cancer metastasis by modulating the tumor immune microenvironment through the inhibition of the p-STAT3 signaling pathway. These findings provide new targets for lung cancer treatment and a theoretical basis for developing novel strategies against lung cancer metastasis. Future research will further explore the mechanisms of ASAP1 in lung cancer metastasis and how to optimize treatment strategies for lung cancer patients by targeting ASAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Zhao
- The Department of Dermatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Yongcun Liu
- The Department of Surgery, Shijiazhuang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Yunfan Wu
- The Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Jingge Cheng
- The Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China.
| | - Yishuai Li
- The Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of pulmonary disease, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050047, China.
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Kim SH, Ahn BC, Lee DE, Kim KH, Hyun JW, Kim MJ, Park NY, Kim HJ, Lee Y. Blood Neurofilament Light Chain and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein as Promising Screening Biomarkers for Brain Metastases in Patients with Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6397. [PMID: 38928104 PMCID: PMC11204234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of brain metastases (BMs) in patients with lung cancer (LC) predominantly relies on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a method that is constrained by high costs and limited accessibility. This study explores the potential of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) and serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) as screening biomarkers for BMs in LC patients. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 700 LC cases at the National Cancer Center, Korea, from July 2020 to June 2022, measuring sNfL and sGFAP levels at initial LC diagnosis. The likelihood of BM was evaluated using multivariate analysis and a predictive nomogram. Additionally, we prospectively monitored 177 samples from 46 LC patients initially without BM. Patients with BMs (n= 135) had significantly higher median sNfL (52.5 pg/mL) and sGFAP (239.2 pg/mL) levels compared to those without BMs (n = 565), with medians of 17.8 pg/mL and 141.1 pg/mL, respectively (p < 0.001 for both). The nomogram, incorporating age, sNfL, and sGFAP, predicted BM with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.877 (95% CI 0.84-0.914), showing 74.8% sensitivity and 83.5% specificity. Over nine months, 93% of samples from patients without BM remained below the cutoff, while all patients developing BMs showed increased levels at detection. A nomogram incorporating age, sNfL, and sGFAP provides a valuable tool for identifying LC patients at high risk for BM, thereby enabling targeted MRI screenings and enhancing diagnostic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Beung-Chul Ahn
- Center for Lung Cancer, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Eun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Team, Research Core Center, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Hyun
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Young Park
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Lee
- Center for Lung Cancer, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
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Pellerino A, Davidson TM, Bellur SS, Ahluwalia MS, Tawbi H, Rudà R, Soffietti R. Prevention of Brain Metastases: A New Frontier. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2134. [PMID: 38893253 PMCID: PMC11171378 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the topic of prevention of brain metastases from the most frequent solid tumor types, i.e., lung cancer, breast cancer and melanoma. Within each tumor type, the risk of brain metastasis is related to disease status and molecular subtype (i.e., EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer, HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancer, BRAF and NRAF-mutant melanoma). Prophylactic cranial irradiation is the standard of care in patients in small cell lung cancer responsive to chemotherapy but at the price of late neurocognitive decline. More recently, several molecular agents with the capability to target molecular alterations driving tumor growth have proven as effective in the prevention of secondary relapse into the brain in clinical trials. This is the case for EGFR-mutant or ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer inhibitors, tucatinib and trastuzumab-deruxtecan for HER2-positive breast cancer and BRAF inhibitors for melanoma. The need for screening with an MRI in asymptomatic patients at risk of brain metastases is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Pellerino
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neuroscience ‘Rita Levi Montalcini’, University and City of Health and Science Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Tara Marie Davidson
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.M.D.); (H.T.)
| | - Shreyas S. Bellur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, FL 33176, USA; (S.S.B.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Manmeet S. Ahluwalia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, FL 33176, USA; (S.S.B.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Hussein Tawbi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.M.D.); (H.T.)
| | - Roberta Rudà
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neuroscience ‘Rita Levi Montalcini’, University and City of Health and Science Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy;
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5
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Dankner M, Maritan SM, Priego N, Kruck G, Nkili-Meyong A, Nadaf J, Zhuang R, Annis MG, Zuo D, Nowakowski A, Biondini M, Kiepas A, Mourcos C, Le P, Charron F, Inglebert Y, Savage P, Théret L, Guiot MC, McKinney RA, Muller WJ, Park M, Valiente M, Petrecca K, Siegel PM. Invasive growth of brain metastases is linked to CHI3L1 release from pSTAT3-positive astrocytes. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:1052-1066. [PMID: 38271182 PMCID: PMC11145453 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to minimally invasive brain metastases (MI BrM), highly invasive (HI) lesions form abundant contacts with cells in the peritumoral brain parenchyma and are associated with poor prognosis. Reactive astrocytes (RAs) labeled by phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) have recently emerged as a promising therapeutic target for BrM. Here, we explore whether the BrM invasion pattern is influenced by pSTAT3+ RAs and may serve as a predictive biomarker for STAT3 inhibition. METHODS We used immunohistochemistry to identify pSTAT3+ RAs in HI and MI human and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) BrM. Using PDX, syngeneic, and transgenic mouse models of HI and MI BrM, we assessed how pharmacological STAT3 inhibition or RA-specific STAT3 genetic ablation affected BrM growth in vivo. Cancer cell invasion was modeled in vitro using a brain slice-tumor co-culture assay. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of human BrM and adjacent brain tissue. RESULTS RAs expressing pSTAT3 are situated at the brain-tumor interface and drive BrM invasive growth. HI BrM invasion pattern was associated with delayed growth in the context of STAT3 inhibition or genetic ablation. We demonstrate that pSTAT3+ RAs secrete Chitinase 3-like-1 (CHI3L1), which is a known STAT3 transcriptional target. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing identified CHI3L1-expressing RAs in human HI BrM. STAT3 activation, or recombinant CHI3L1 alone, induced cancer cell invasion into the brain parenchyma using a brain slice-tumor plug co-culture assay. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data reveal that pSTAT3+ RA-derived CHI3L1 is associated with BrM invasion, implicating STAT3 and CHI3L1 as clinically relevant therapeutic targets for the treatment of HI BrM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dankner
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah M Maritan
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Neibla Priego
- Brain Metastasis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Georgia Kruck
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andriniaina Nkili-Meyong
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Javad Nadaf
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rebecca Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew G Annis
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dongmei Zuo
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexander Nowakowski
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marco Biondini
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexander Kiepas
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Caitlyn Mourcos
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Phuong Le
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - François Charron
- Department of Pharmacology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yanis Inglebert
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul Savage
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louis Théret
- Research Institute of the University of Montreal (IRIC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Guiot
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - R Anne McKinney
- Department of Pharmacology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - William J Muller
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Manuel Valiente
- Brain Metastasis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kevin Petrecca
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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6
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Miao J, Chen S, Cao H, Ding Z, Li Y, Wang W, Nundlall K, Deng Y, Li J. Bruceantinol targeting STAT3 exerts promising antitumor effects in in vitro and in vivo osteosarcoma models. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:1133-1145. [PMID: 38426797 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Bruceantinol (BOL) is a quassinoid compound found in the fruits of Brucea javanica. Previous research has highlighted the manifold physiological and pharmacological activities of BOL. Notably, BOL has demonstrated antitumor cytotoxic and antibacterial effects, lending support to its potential as a promising therapeutic agent for various diseases. Despite being recognized as a potent antitumor inhibitor in multiple cancer types, its efficacy against osteosarcoma (OS) has not been elucidated. In this work, we investigated the antitumor properties of BOL against OS. Our findings showed that BOL significantly decreased the proliferation and migration of OS cells, induced apoptosis, and caused cell death without affecting the cell cycle. We further confirmed that BOL potently suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Mechanismly, we discovered that BOL directly bound to STAT3, and prevent the activation of STAT3 signaling at low nanomolar concentrations. Overall, our study demonstrated that BOL potently inhibited the growth and metastasis of OS, and efficiently suppressed STAT3 signaling pathway. These results suggest that BOL could be a promising therapeutic candidate for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglei Miao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Hongqing Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yuezhan Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Keshav Nundlall
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Youwen Deng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
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Verdura S, Encinar JA, Gratchev A, Llop-Hernández À, López J, Serrano-Hervás E, Teixidor E, López-Bonet E, Martin-Castillo B, Micol V, Bosch-Barrera J, Cuyàs E, Menendez JA. Silibinin is a suppressor of the metastasis-promoting transcription factor ID3. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155493. [PMID: 38484626 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ID3 (inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation-3) is a transcription factor that enables metastasis by promoting stem cell-like properties in endothelial and tumor cells. The milk thistle flavonolignan silibinin is a phytochemical with anti-metastatic potential through largely unknown mechanisms. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE We have mechanistically investigated the ability of silibinin to inhibit the aberrant activation of ID3 in brain endothelium and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) models. METHODS Bioinformatic analyses were performed to investigate the co-expression correlation between ID3 and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) ligands/BMP receptors (BMPRs) genes in NSCLC patient datasets. ID3 expression was assessed by immunoblotting and qRT-PCR. Luciferase reporter assays were used to evaluate the gene sequences targeted by silibinin to regulate ID3 transcription. In silico computational modeling and LanthaScreen TR-FRET kinase assays were used to characterize and validate the BMPR inhibitory activity of silibinin. Tumor tissues from NSCLC xenograft models treated with oral silibinin were used to evaluate the in vivo anti-ID3 effects of silibinin. RESULTS Analysis of lung cancer patient datasets revealed a top-ranked positive association of ID3 with the BMP9 endothelial receptor ACVRL1/ALK1 and the BMP ligand BMP6. Silibinin treatment blocked the BMP9-induced activation of the ALK1-phospho-SMAD1/5-ID3 axis in brain endothelial cells. Constitutive, acquired, and adaptive expression of ID3 in NSCLC cells were all significantly downregulated in response to silibinin. Silibinin blocked ID3 transcription via BMP-responsive elements in ID3 gene enhancers. Silibinin inhibited the kinase activities of BMPRs in the micromolar range, with the lower IC50 values occurring against ACVRL1/ALK1 and BMPR2. In an in vivo NSCLC xenograft model, tumoral overexpression of ID3 was completely suppressed by systematically achievable oral doses of silibinin. CONCLUSIONS ID3 is a largely undruggable metastasis-promoting transcription factor. Silibinin is a novel suppressor of ID3 that may be explored as a novel therapeutic approach to interfere with the metastatic dissemination capacity of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Verdura
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain; Metabolism and Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain
| | - José Antonio Encinar
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Health Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), Elche 03202, Spain
| | - Alexei Gratchev
- Laboratory for Tumor Stromal Cell Biology, Institute of Carcinogenesis, Nikolaj Nikolajevich (N.N.) Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Àngela Llop-Hernández
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain; Metabolism and Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain
| | - Júlia López
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain; Metabolism and Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain
| | - Eila Serrano-Hervás
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain; Metabolism and Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain
| | - Eduard Teixidor
- Precision Oncology Group (OncoGir-Pro), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain; Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain
| | - Eugeni López-Bonet
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain; Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital of Girona, Girona 17007, Spain
| | - Begoña Martin-Castillo
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain; Unit of Clinical Research, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain
| | - Vicente Micol
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Health Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), Elche 03202, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Joaquim Bosch-Barrera
- Precision Oncology Group (OncoGir-Pro), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain; Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain; Department of Medical Sciences, Medical School, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain; Metabolism and Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain; Metabolism and Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain.
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8
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Ruan X, Yan W, Cao M, Daza RAM, Fong MY, Yang K, Wu J, Liu X, Palomares M, Wu X, Li A, Chen Y, Jandial R, Spitzer NC, Hevner RF, Wang SE. Breast cancer cell-secreted miR-199b-5p hijacks neurometabolic coupling to promote brain metastasis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4549. [PMID: 38811525 PMCID: PMC11137082 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasis to the brain is a clinical challenge rising in prevalence. However, the underlying mechanisms, especially how cancer cells adapt a distant brain niche to facilitate colonization, remain poorly understood. A unique metabolic feature of the brain is the coupling between neurons and astrocytes through glutamate, glutamine, and lactate. Here we show that extracellular vesicles from breast cancer cells with a high potential to develop brain metastases carry high levels of miR-199b-5p, which shows higher levels in the blood of breast cancer patients with brain metastases comparing to those with metastatic cancer in other organs. miR-199b-5p targets solute carrier transporters (SLC1A2/EAAT2 in astrocytes and SLC38A2/SNAT2 and SLC16A7/MCT2 in neurons) to hijack the neuron-astrocyte metabolic coupling, leading to extracellular retention of these metabolites and promoting cancer cell growth. Our findings reveal a mechanism through which cancer cells of a non-brain origin reprogram neural metabolism to fuel brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Ruan
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Minghui Cao
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ray Anthony M Daza
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Miranda Y Fong
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Kaifu Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Center for Comparative Medicine, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Xuxiang Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Xiwei Wu
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Arthur Li
- Division of Biostatistics, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rahul Jandial
- Department of Surgery; City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas C Spitzer
- Neurobiology Department, School of Biological Sciences and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert F Hevner
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shizhen Emily Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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9
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Roca E, Colloca G, Lombardo F, Bellieni A, Cucinella A, Madonia G, Martinelli L, Damiani ME, Zampieri I, Santo A. The importance of integrated therapies on cancer: Silibinin, an old and new molecule. Oncotarget 2024; 15:345-353. [PMID: 38781107 PMCID: PMC11115268 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the landscape of cancer treatments, the efficacy of coadjuvant molecules remains a focus of attention for clinical research with the aim of reducing toxicity and achieving better outcomes. Most of the pathogenetic processes causing tumour development, neoplastic progression, ageing, and increased toxicity involve inflammation. Inflammatory mechanisms can progress through a variety of molecular patterns. As is well known, the ageing process is determined by pathological pathways very similar and often parallel to those that cause cancer development. Among these complex mechanisms, inflammation is currently much studied and is often referred to in the geriatric field as 'inflammaging'. In this context, treatments active in the management of inflammatory mechanisms could play a role as adjuvants to standard therapies. Among these emerging molecules, Silibinin has demonstrated its anti-inflammatory properties in different neoplastic types, also in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Moreover, this molecule could represent a breakthrough in the management of age-related processes. Thus, Silibinin could be a valuable adjuvant to reduce drug-related toxicity and increase therapeutic potential. For this reason, the main aim of this review is to collect and analyse data presented in the literature on the use of Silibinin, to better understand the mechanisms of the functioning of this molecule and its possible therapeutic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Roca
- Oncologia Toracica - Lung Unit, Ospedale P. Pederzoli - Via Monte Baldo, Peschiera del Garda (VR), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colloca
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell’invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della testa-collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Lombardo
- Oncologia Toracica - Lung Unit, Ospedale P. Pederzoli - Via Monte Baldo, Peschiera del Garda (VR), Italy
| | - Andrea Bellieni
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell’invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della testa-collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cucinella
- Oncologia Toracica - Lung Unit, Ospedale P. Pederzoli - Via Monte Baldo, Peschiera del Garda (VR), Italy
| | - Giorgio Madonia
- Oncologia Toracica - Lung Unit, Ospedale P. Pederzoli - Via Monte Baldo, Peschiera del Garda (VR), Italy
| | - Licia Martinelli
- Oncologia Toracica - Lung Unit, Ospedale P. Pederzoli - Via Monte Baldo, Peschiera del Garda (VR), Italy
| | - Maria Elisa Damiani
- Oncologia Toracica - Lung Unit, Ospedale P. Pederzoli - Via Monte Baldo, Peschiera del Garda (VR), Italy
| | - Ilaria Zampieri
- Oncologia Toracica - Lung Unit, Ospedale P. Pederzoli - Via Monte Baldo, Peschiera del Garda (VR), Italy
| | - Antonio Santo
- Oncologia Toracica - Lung Unit, Ospedale P. Pederzoli - Via Monte Baldo, Peschiera del Garda (VR), Italy
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10
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Tang M, Xu M, Wang J, Liu Y, Liang K, Jin Y, Duan W, Xia S, Li G, Chu H, Liu W, Wang Q. Brain Metastasis from EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Secretion of IL11 from Astrocytes Up-Regulates PDL1 and Promotes Immune Escape. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2306348. [PMID: 38696655 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Patients who have non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are more prone to brain metastasis (BM) and poor prognosis. Previous studies showed that the tumor microenvironment of BM in these patients is immunosuppressed, as indicated by reduced T-cell abundance and activity, although the mechanism of this immunosuppression requires further study. This study shows that reactive astrocytes play a critical role in promoting the immune escape of BM from EGFR-mutated NSCLC by increasing the apoptosis of CD8+ T lymphocytes. The increased secretion of interleukin 11(IL11) by astrocytes promotes the expression of PDL1 in BM, and this is responsible for the increased apoptosis of T lymphocytes. IL11 functions as a ligand of EGFR, and this binding activates EGFR and downstream signaling to increase the expression of PDL1, culminating in the immune escape of tumor cells. IL11 also promotes immune escape by binding to its intrinsic receptor (IL11Rα/glycoprotein 130 [gp130]). Additional in vivo studies show that the targeted inhibition of gp130 and EGFR suppresses the growth of BM and prolongs the survival time of mice. These results suggest a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Tang
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Mingxin Xu
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Jian Wang
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Kun Liang
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Yinuo Jin
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Wenzhe Duan
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Shengkai Xia
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Huiying Chu
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, China
- Cancer Translational Medicine Research Center, The Second Hospital, Dalian, Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Qi Wang
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, China
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11
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Guan C, Zhang X, Yu L. A Review of Recent Advances in the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Brain Metastasis in Lung Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:627-637. [PMID: 38123448 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastasis from lung cancer is a prevalent mode of treatment failure associated with a poor prognosis. The incidence of brain metastasis has recently shown a dramatic increase. The early detection and risk stratification of lung cancer-related brain metastasis would be highly advantageous for patients. However, our current knowledge and comprehension of the underlying mechanisms driving brain metastasis in lung cancer pose significant challenges. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying brain metastasis, focusing on the intricate interplay between lung cancer-derived tumor cells and the unique characteristics of the brain, recent advancements in the identification of driver genes, concomitant genes, epigenetic features, including miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, as well as the molecular characterization of brain metastasis originating from other organs, which may further enhance risk stratification and facilitate precise treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Guan
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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12
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Raymant M, Astuti Y, Alvaro-Espinosa L, Green D, Quaranta V, Bellomo G, Glenn M, Chandran-Gorner V, Palmer DH, Halloran C, Ghaneh P, Henderson NC, Morton JP, Valiente M, Mielgo A, Schmid MC. Macrophage-fibroblast JAK/STAT dependent crosstalk promotes liver metastatic outgrowth in pancreatic cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3593. [PMID: 38678021 PMCID: PMC11055860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47949-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly metastatic disease for which better therapies are urgently needed. Fibroblasts and macrophages are heterogeneous cell populations able to enhance metastasis, but the role of a macrophage-fibroblast crosstalk in regulating their pro-metastatic functions remains poorly understood. Here we deconvolve how macrophages regulate metastasis-associated fibroblast (MAF) heterogeneity in the liver. We identify three functionally distinct MAF populations, among which the generation of pro-metastatic and immunoregulatory myofibroblastic-MAFs (myMAFs) critically depends on macrophages. Mechanistically, myMAFs are induced through a STAT3-dependent mechanism driven by macrophage-derived progranulin and cancer cell-secreted leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF). In a reciprocal manner, myMAF secreted osteopontin promotes an immunosuppressive macrophage phenotype resulting in the inhibition of cytotoxic T cell functions. Pharmacological blockade of STAT3 or myMAF-specific genetic depletion of STAT3 restores an anti-tumour immune response and reduces metastases. Our findings provide molecular insights into the complex macrophage-fibroblast interactions in tumours and reveal potential targets to inhibit PDAC liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirion Raymant
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Yuliana Astuti
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Laura Alvaro-Espinosa
- Brain Metastasis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Green
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Valeria Quaranta
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Gaia Bellomo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Mark Glenn
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Vatshala Chandran-Gorner
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Daniel H Palmer
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Christopher Halloran
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Paula Ghaneh
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research-UK Scotland Institute and School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Manuel Valiente
- Brain Metastasis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Mielgo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Michael C Schmid
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK.
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13
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Cao F, Li M, Wang W, Yi Y, Chen Y, Liu H. A coumarin-furoxan hybrid as novel nitric oxide donor induced cell apoptosis and ferroptosis in NSCLC by promoting S-nitrosylation of STAT3 and negative regulation of JAK2-STAT3 pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116068. [PMID: 38387529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) still lacks effective treatment because of its extensive mutation diversity and frequent drug resistance. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new therapeutic strategies for NSCLC. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of a new coumarin-furoxan hybrid compound 9, a nitric oxide (NO) donor drug, on NSCLC proliferation and its mechanism. Our results show that compound 9 can inhibit the growth of four NSCLC cell lines and H1975 xenograft model in a dose-dependent manner. Compound 9 effectively releases high concentrations of NO within the mitochondria, leading to cellular oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. Moreover, compound 9 inhibits JAK2/STAT3 protein phosphorylation and induces S-nitrosylation modification of STAT3, ultimately resulting in endogenous apoptosis in NSCLC. Additionally, compound 9 significantly induces NSCLC ferroptosis by depleting intracellular GSH, elevating MDA levels, inhibiting SLC7A11/GSH protein expression, and negatively regulating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. In summary, this study elucidates the inhibitory effects of compound 9 on NSCLC proliferation and provides insights into the underlying mechanisms, offering new possibilities for NSCLC treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengru Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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14
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Li Y, Qin J, Chen G, Wu W, Sun X. Plasma THBS1 as a predictive biomarker for poor prognosis and brain metastasis in patients with HER2-enriched breast cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2024; 29:427-441. [PMID: 38411882 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-024-02472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) is a secretory adhesive glycoprotein involved in the progression of multiple malignancies, including breast cancer. However, the clinical significance and prognostic role of plasma THBS1 in breast cancer have yet to be clarified. METHODS Plasma THBS1 levels in 627 breast cancer patients were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bone marrow blood was drawn from the anterior/posterior superior iliac spine to detect the presence of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs). The effects of plasma THBS1 on the clinicopathological characteristics and survival prediction of breast cancer patients were explored. RESULTS Plasma THBS1 did not correlate with overall survival, breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), and distant disease-free survival (DDFS) in the entire breast cancer cohort. Notably, HER2-enriched patients with high-plasma THBS1 levels had significantly shorter BCSS (P = 0.027) and DDFS (P = 0.011) than those with low levels. Multivariate analyses revealed that plasma THBS1 was an independent prognostic marker of BCSS (P = 0.026) and DDFS (P = 0.007) in HER2-enriched patients. THBS1 levels were 24% higher in positive DTC patients than in negative DTC patients (P = 0.031), and high levels were significantly associated with poor BCSS in positive DTC patients (HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.17-3.71; P = 0.019). Moreover, high-plasma THBS1 levels were specifically associated with an increased occurrence of brain metastasis in HER2-enriched patients (P = 0.041). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that plasma THBS1 may be serving as an unfavorable prognosis predictor for HER2-enriched breast cancer and justifies the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Guiming Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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15
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Wang W, Lopez McDonald MC, Hariprasad R, Hamilton T, Frank DA. Oncogenic STAT Transcription Factors as Targets for Cancer Therapy: Innovative Strategies and Clinical Translation. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1387. [PMID: 38611065 PMCID: PMC11011165 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in our understanding of molecular aspects of oncogenesis, cancer remains a leading cause of death. The malignant behavior of a cancer cell is driven by the inappropriate activation of transcription factors. In particular, signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), which regulate many critical cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation, are frequently activated inappropriately in a wide spectrum of human cancers. Multiple signaling pathways converge on the STATs, highlighting their importance in the development and progression of oncogenic diseases. STAT3 and STAT5 are two members of the STAT protein family that are the most frequently activated in cancers and can drive cancer pathogenesis directly. The development of inhibitors targeting STAT3 and STAT5 has been the subject of intense investigations in the last decade, although effective treatment options remain limited. In this review, we investigate the specific roles of STAT3 and STAT5 in normal physiology and cancer biology, discuss the opportunities and challenges in pharmacologically targeting STAT proteins and their upstream activators, and offer insights into novel therapeutic strategies to identify STAT inhibitors as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyuan Wang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (W.W.); (M.C.L.M.); (T.H.)
| | - Melanie Cristina Lopez McDonald
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (W.W.); (M.C.L.M.); (T.H.)
| | | | - Tiara Hamilton
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (W.W.); (M.C.L.M.); (T.H.)
| | - David A. Frank
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (W.W.); (M.C.L.M.); (T.H.)
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16
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Virtuoso A, D’Amico G, Scalia F, De Luca C, Papa M, Maugeri G, D’Agata V, Caruso Bavisotto C, D’Amico AG. The Interplay between Glioblastoma Cells and Tumor Microenvironment: New Perspectives for Early Diagnosis and Targeted Cancer Therapy. Brain Sci 2024; 14:331. [PMID: 38671983 PMCID: PMC11048111 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) stands out as the most tremendous brain tumor, constituting 60% of primary brain cancers, accompanied by dismal survival rates. Despite advancements in research, therapeutic options remain limited to chemotherapy and surgery. GBM molecular heterogeneity, the intricate interaction with the tumor microenvironment (TME), and non-selective treatments contribute to the neoplastic relapse. Diagnostic challenges arise from GBM advanced-stage detection, necessitating the exploration of novel biomarkers for early diagnosis. Using data from the literature and a bioinformatic tool, the current manuscript delineates the molecular interplay between human GBM, astrocytes, and myeloid cells, underscoring selected protein pathways belonging to astroglia and myeloid lineage, which can be considered for targeted therapies. Moreover, the pivotal role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in orchestrating a favorable microenvironment for cancer progression is highlighted, suggesting their utility in identifying biomarkers for GBM early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Virtuoso
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks Morphology and System Biology, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.V.); (C.D.L.); (M.P.)
| | - Giuseppa D’Amico
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (BiND), Human Anatomy Section, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Federica Scalia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (BiND), Human Anatomy Section, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Ciro De Luca
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks Morphology and System Biology, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.V.); (C.D.L.); (M.P.)
| | - Michele Papa
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks Morphology and System Biology, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.V.); (C.D.L.); (M.P.)
| | - Grazia Maugeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (G.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Velia D’Agata
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (G.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Celeste Caruso Bavisotto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (BiND), Human Anatomy Section, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.); (F.S.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Agata Grazia D’Amico
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
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17
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Zhu Y, Zhou M, Li C, Kong W, Hu Y. Gastric cancer with brain metastasis: from molecular characteristics and treatment. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1310325. [PMID: 38577333 PMCID: PMC10991736 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1310325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the cancers with increasing incidence and ranks fourth globally among the most frequent causes of cancer-related mortality. Early gastric cancer is often asymptomatic or presents with atypical symptoms, and the majority of patients present with advanced disease upon diagnosis. Brain metastases are present in approximately 1% of gastric cancer patients at the time of diagnosis, which significantly contributed to the overall mortality of the disease worldwide. Conventional therapies for patients with brain metastases remain limited and the median overall survival of patients is only 8 months in advanced cases. Recent studies have improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying gastric cancer brain metastases, and immunotherapy has become an important treatment option in combination with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and surgery. This review aims to provide insight into the cellular processes involved in gastric cancer brain metastases, discuss diagnostic approaches, evaluate the integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors into treatment and prognosis, and explore the predictive value of biomarkers in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingze Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Tang Shan Central Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Congling Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Wenyue Kong
- School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yuning Hu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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18
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Monteran L, Zait Y, Erez N. It's all about the base: stromal cells are central orchestrators of metastasis. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:208-229. [PMID: 38072691 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an integral part of tumors and plays a central role in all stages of carcinogenesis and progression. Each organ has a unique and heterogeneous microenvironment, which affects the ability of disseminated cells to grow in the new and sometimes hostile metastatic niche. Resident stromal cells, such as fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and astrocytes, are essential culprits in the modulation of metastatic progression: they transition from being sentinels of tissue integrity to being dysfunctional perpetrators that support metastatic outgrowth. Therefore, better understanding of the complexity of their reciprocal interactions with cancer cells and with other components of the TME is essential to enable the design of novel therapeutic approaches to prevent metastatic relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Monteran
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Zait
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Neta Erez
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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19
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Chen B, Li Y, Li W, Ye S, Zhu L, Ding Y. Antitumor Activity and Mechanism of Terpenoids in Seaweeds Based on Literature Review and Network Pharmacology. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300541. [PMID: 38134388 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds are a treasure trove of natural secondary metabolites. Terpenoids extracted from seaweeds are shown to possess a variety of antitumor cellular activities. However, due to the complex and diverse structures of terpenoids, their therapeutic targets and complex mechanisms of action have not been clarified. The present study summarises the research on terpenoids from seaweeds in oncological diseases over the last 20 years. Terpenoids show different degrees of inhibitory effects on different types of tumor cells, suggesting that terpenoids in seaweeds may have potential antitumor disease potential. Terpenoids with potential antitumor activity and their mechanism of action are investigated using network pharmacology. A total of 125 terpenoids and 286 targets are obtained. Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src(SRC), Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK3, MAPK1), Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha (HSP90AA1), Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), and RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1) are defined as core targets. According to GO function and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) enrichment analysis, terpenoids may affect the Phoshatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway, Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, Prostate cancer, MAPK signaling pathway, and Proteoglycans in cancer. In addition, the molecular docking results show that the selected terpenoids are all able to bind strongly to the active protein. Terpenoids may slow down the progression of cancer by controlling apoptosis, proliferation, and protein and enzyme binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoguo Chen
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, China
| | - Wei Li
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Shuhong Ye
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, China
| | - Yan Ding
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, China
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20
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Gonsalves D, Ciérvide R, Couñago F. Bridging the gap: Predicting brain metastasis in breast cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2024; 15:356-359. [PMID: 38455134 PMCID: PMC10915941 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i2.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chen et al explored clinicopathological features and prognostic factors, revealing advanced tumor stage, lung metastases, HER-2 overexpression, and triple-negative status as key contributors. Recent research connects astrocytes' role in brain metastasis with signaling pathways and the impact of Trastuzumab on HER-2 tumor survival. Factors such as positive HER2 status, lack of estrogen receptor expression, and liver metastasis are identified as additional risk factors. The routine use of magnetic resonance imaging, insights into gene mutations associated with metastasis, and the role of radiotherapy, including prophylaxis possibilities, is controversial in clinical practice. Understanding these risk factors in a multidisciplinary collaboration is precise for local treatments and targeted therapies, particularly for HER2+ tumors, impacting directly on longer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gonsalves
- Department of Radiation Oncology, GenesisCare Madrid, Madrid 28043, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina Salud y Deporte, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain
| | - Raquel Ciérvide
- Department of Radiation Oncology, HM Hospitales, Madrid 28050, Spain
| | - Felipe Couñago
- Department of Radiation Oncology, GenesisCare Madrid, Madrid 28043, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina Salud y Deporte, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain
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21
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Redmer T, Schumann E, Peters K, Weidemeier ME, Nowak S, Schroeder HWS, Vidal A, Radbruch H, Lehmann A, Kreuzer-Redmer S, Jürchott K, Radke J. MET receptor serves as a promising target in melanoma brain metastases. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:44. [PMID: 38386085 PMCID: PMC10884227 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The development of brain metastases hallmarks disease progression in 20-40% of melanoma patients and is a serious obstacle to therapy. Understanding the processes involved in the development and maintenance of melanoma brain metastases (MBM) is critical for the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we generated transcriptome and methylome profiles of MBM showing high or low abundance of infiltrated Iba1high tumor-associated microglia and macrophages (TAMs). Our survey identified potential prognostic markers of favorable disease course and response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICi) therapy, among them APBB1IP and the interferon-responsive gene ITGB7. In MBM with high ITGB7/APBB1IP levels, the accumulation of TAMs correlated significantly with the immune score. Signature-based deconvolution of MBM via single sample GSEA revealed enrichment of interferon-response and immune signatures and revealed inflammation, stress and MET receptor signaling. MET receptor phosphorylation/activation maybe elicited by inflammatory processes in brain metastatic melanoma cells via stroma cell-released HGF. We found phospho-METY1234/1235 in a subset of MBM and observed a marked response of brain metastasis-derived cell lines (BMCs) that lacked druggable BRAF mutations or developed resistance to BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) in vivo to MET inhibitors PHA-665752 and ARQ197 (tivantinib). In summary, the activation of MET receptor in brain colonizing melanoma cells by stromal cell-released HGF may promote tumor self-maintenance and expansion and might counteract ICi therapy. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of MET possibly serves as a promising strategy to control intracranial progressive disease and improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Redmer
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Pathology, Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Elisa Schumann
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, CCCC (Campus Mitte), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Peters
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin E Weidemeier
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan Nowak
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry W S Schroeder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anna Vidal
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helena Radbruch
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Lehmann
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Kreuzer-Redmer
- Nutrigenomics Unit, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karsten Jürchott
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josefine Radke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
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22
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Wen J, Yu JZ, Liu C, Ould Ismail AAO, Ma W. Exploring the Molecular Tumor Microenvironment and Translational Biomarkers in Brain Metastases of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2044. [PMID: 38396722 PMCID: PMC10889194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases represent a significant clinical challenge in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), often leading to a severe decline in patient prognosis and survival. Recent advances in imaging and systemic treatments have increased the detection rates of brain metastases, yet clinical outcomes remain dismal due to the complexity of the metastatic tumor microenvironment (TME) and the lack of specific biomarkers for early detection and targeted therapy. The intricate interplay between NSCLC tumor cells and the surrounding TME in brain metastases is pivotal, influencing tumor progression, immune evasion, and response to therapy. This underscores the necessity for a deeper understanding of the molecular underpinnings of brain metastases, tumor microenvironment, and the identification of actionable biomarkers that can inform multimodal treatment approaches. The goal of this review is to synthesize current insights into the TME and elucidate molecular mechanisms in NSCLC brain metastases. Furthermore, we will explore the promising horizon of emerging biomarkers, both tissue- and liquid-based, that hold the potential to radically transform the treatment strategies and the enhancement of patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexi Wen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Jie-Zeng Yu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Catherine Liu
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - A. Aziz O. Ould Ismail
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Weijie Ma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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23
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Geng J, Feng J, Ke F, Fang F, Jing X, Tang J, Fang C, Zhang B. MicroRNA-124 negatively regulates STAT3 to alleviate hypoxic-ischemic brain damage by inhibiting oxidative stress. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:2828-2847. [PMID: 38319722 PMCID: PMC10911356 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) is implicated in various neurological diseases; however, its significance in hypoxic-ischaemic brain damage (HIBD) remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of miR-124 in HIBD. In our study performed on oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reperfusion (OGD)/R-induced primary cortical neurons, a substantial reduction in miR-124 was observed. Furthermore, the upregulation of miR-124 significantly mitigated oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial impairment. We demonstrated that miR-124 interacts with the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) to exert its biological function using the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. As the duration of OGD increased, miR-124 exhibited a negative correlation with STAT3. STAT3 overexpression notably attenuated the protective effects of miR-124 mimics, while knockdown of STAT3 reversed the adverse effects of the miR-124 inhibitor. Subsequently, we conducted an HIBD model in rats. In vivo experiments, miR-124 overexpression attenuated cerebral infarction volume, cerebral edema, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and improved neurological function recovery in HIBD rats. In summary, the neuroprotective effects of the miR-124/STAT3 axis were confirmed in the HIBD model. MiR-124 may serve as a potential biomarker with significant therapeutic implications for HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Geng
- Departments of Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jiangpeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Fangzi Ke
- Departments of Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Departments of Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiaoqi Jing
- Departments of Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jiaxin Tang
- Departments of Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Chengzhi Fang
- Departments of Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Binghong Zhang
- Departments of Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
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24
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Sevenich L, Heiland DH. [Tumor-host cell interaction in the microenvironment: new target points for treatment?]. DER NERVENARZT 2024; 95:104-110. [PMID: 38180512 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-023-01604-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary brain tumors and metastases in the central nervous system (CNS) are characterized by their unique microenvironment, which interacts with neuronal structures and influences structural and adaptive immunity. OBJECTIVE How significant are various tumor-host interactions from a prognostic and therapeutic perspective? MATERIAL AND METHOD A literature search was carried out for relevant articles on the topic: microenvironment glioblastoma or metastasis through PubMed and Medline. RESULTS Modern high-throughput methods, such as spatial and single-cell resolution molecular characterization of tumors and their microenvironment enable a detailed mapping of changes and adaptation of individual cells within the microenvironment of tumors; however, treatment approaches based on altered tumor-host cell interactions, such as immune modeling, cell-based treatment methods or checkpoint inhibition have so far not shown any significant advantages for survival. CONCLUSION A deeper understanding of the complex immune landscape and the microenvironment of metastases of the CNS and intracerebral tumors is essential to optimize future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Sevenich
- Institut für Tumorbiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland
- Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland
| | - Dieter Henrik Heiland
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Medical Center, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland.
- Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center Universität Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA.
- Partner Site Freiburg, Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, Freiburg, Deutschland.
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25
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Adesoye T, Tripathy D, Hunt KK, Keyomarsi K. Exploring Novel Frontiers: Leveraging STAT3 Signaling for Advanced Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:492. [PMID: 38339245 PMCID: PMC10854592 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a significant role in diverse physiologic processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and survival. STAT3 activation via phosphorylation of tyrosine and serine residues is a complex and tightly regulated process initiated by upstream signaling pathways with ligand binding to receptor and non-receptor-linked kinases. Through downstream deregulation of target genes, aberrations in STAT3 activation are implicated in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and recurrence in multiple cancers. While there have been extensive efforts to develop direct and indirect STAT3 inhibitors using novel drugs as a therapeutic strategy, direct clinical application remains in evolution. In this review, we outline the mechanisms of STAT3 activation, the resulting downstream effects in physiologic and malignant settings, and therapeutic strategies for targeting STAT3. We also summarize the pre-clinical and clinical evidence of novel drug therapies targeting STAT3 and discuss the challenges of establishing their therapeutic efficacy in the current clinical landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwo Adesoye
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Debasish Tripathy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Kelly K. Hunt
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Khandan Keyomarsi
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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26
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Xu J, Gao F, Liu W, Guan X. Cell-cell communication characteristics in breast cancer metastasis. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:55. [PMID: 38243240 PMCID: PMC10799417 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, a highly fatal disease due to its tendency to metastasize, is the most prevalent form of malignant tumors among women worldwide. Numerous studies indicate that breast cancer exhibits a unique predilection for metastasis to specific organs including the bone, liver, lung, and brain. However, different types of, The understanding of the heterogeneity of metastatic breast cancer has notably improved with the recent advances in high-throughput sequencing techniques. Focusing on the modification in the microenvironment of the metastatic organs and the crosstalk between tumor cells and in situ cells, noteworthy research points include the identification of two distinct modes of tumor growth in bone metastases, the influence of type II pneumocyte on lung metastases, the paradoxical role of Kupffer cells in liver metastases, and the breakthrough of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) breach in brain metastases. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the characteristics of breast cancer metastases, shedding light on the pivotal roles of immune and resident cells in the development of distinct metastatic foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtong Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Fangyan Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Weici Liu
- The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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27
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Witz A, Dardare J, Betz M, Gilson P, Merlin JL, Harlé A. Tumor-derived cell-free DNA and circulating tumor cells: partners or rivals in metastasis formation? Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:2. [PMID: 38231464 PMCID: PMC10794481 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The origin of metastases is a topic that has sparked controversy. Despite recent advancements, metastatic disease continues to pose challenges. The first admitted model of how metastases develop revolves around cells breaking away from the primary tumor, known as circulating tumor cells (CTCs). These cells survive while circulating through the bloodstream and subsequently establish themselves in secondary organs, a process often referred to as the "metastatic cascade". This intricate and dynamic process involves various steps, but all the mechanisms behind metastatic dissemination are not yet comprehensively elucidated. The "seed and soil" theory has shed light on the phenomenon of metastatic organotropism and the existence of pre-metastatic niches. It is now established that these niches can be primed by factors secreted by the primary tumor before the arrival of CTCs. In particular, exosomes have been identified as important contributors to this priming. Another concept then emerged, i.e. the "genometastasis" theory, which challenged all other postulates. It emphasizes the intriguing but promising role of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in metastasis formation through oncogenic formation of recipient cells. However, it cannot be ruled out that all these theories are intertwined. This review outlines the primary theories regarding the metastases formation that involve CTCs, and depicts cfDNA, a potential second player in the metastasis formation. We discuss the potential interrelationships between CTCs and cfDNA, and propose both in vitro and in vivo experimental strategies to explore all plausible theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Witz
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Julie Dardare
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Margaux Betz
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Pauline Gilson
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Louis Merlin
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Alexandre Harlé
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
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28
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Lin Y, Wu Y, Zhang Q, Tu X, Chen S, Pan J, Xu N, Lin M, She P, Niu G, Chen Y, Li H. RPTOR blockade suppresses brain metastases of NSCLC by interfering the ceramide metabolism via hijacking YY1 binding. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:1. [PMID: 38163890 PMCID: PMC10759737 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02874-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ceramide metabolism is crucial in the progress of brain metastasis (BM). However, it remains unexplored whether targeting ceramide metabolism may arrest BM. METHODS RNA sequencing was applied to screen different genes in primary and metastatic foci and whole-exome sequencing (WES) to seek crucial abnormal pathway in BM + and BM-patients. Cellular arrays were applied to analyze the permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the activation or inhibition of pathway. Database and Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay were adopted to verify the protein-protein interaction. Xenograft and zebrafish model were further employed to verify the cellular results. RESULTS RNA sequencing and WES reported the involvement of RPTOR and ceramide metabolism in BM progress. RPTOR was significantly upregulated in BM foci and increased the permeability of BBB, while RPTOR deficiency attenuated the cell invasiveness and protected extracellular matrix. Exogenous RPTOR boosted the SPHK2/S1P/STAT3 cascades by binding YY1, in which YY1 bound to the regions of SPHK2 promoter (at -353 ~ -365 nt), further promoting the expression of SPHK2. The latter was rescued by YY1 RNAi. Xenograft and zebrafish model showed that RPTOR blockade suppressed BM of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and impaired the SPHK2/S1P/STAT3 pathway. CONCLUSION RPTOR is a key driver gene in the brain metastasis of lung cancer, which signifies that RPTOR blockade may serve as a promising therapeutic candidate for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of General Practice Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Qiangzu Zhang
- The High Performance Computing Research Center, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Xunwei Tu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Sufang Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Junfan Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Nengluan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Ming Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Peiwei She
- The Centre for Experimental Research in Clinical Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Gang Niu
- The High Performance Computing Research Center, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100095, China.
| | - Yusheng Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
| | - Hongru Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Big Data Engineering, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
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29
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Li H, Liu Y, Liu Y, Xu L, Sun Z, Zheng D, Liu X, Song C, Zhang Y, Liang H, Yang B, Tian X, Luo J, Chang Q. Tumor-associated astrocytes promote tumor progression of Sonic Hedgehog medulloblastoma by secreting lipocalin-2. Brain Pathol 2024; 34:e13212. [PMID: 37721122 PMCID: PMC10711256 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) subgroup of medulloblastoma (MB) accounts for about 25% of all subgroups of MB. Tumor microenvironment (TME) may play a key role in the tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Tumor-associated astrocytes (TAAs) are reshaped to drive tumor progression through multiple paracrine signals. However, the mechanism by which TAAs modulate MB cells remains elusive. Here, we illuminated that TAAs showed a specific and dynamic pattern during SHH-MB development. Most TAAs gathered to the tumor margin during the tumor progression, rather than evenly distributed in the early-stage tumors. We further demonstrated that lipocalin-2 (LCN2) secreted by TAAs could promote the tumor growth and was correlated with the poor prognosis of MB patients. Knocking down LCN2 in TAAs in vitro impeded the proliferation and migration abilities of MB cells. In addition, we identified that TAAs accelerated the tumor growth by secreting LCN2 via STAT3 signaling pathway. Accordingly, blockade of STAT3 signaling by its inhibitor WP1066 and AAV-Lcn2 shRNA, respectively, in TAAs abrogated the effects of LCN2 on tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. In summary, we for the first time clarified that LCN2, secreted by TAAs, could promote MB tumor progression via STAT3 pathway and has potential prognostic value. Our findings unveiled a new sight in reprogramming the TME of SHH-MB and provided a potential therapeutic strategy targeting TAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishuang Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Research and Transformation of Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peking University Third HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yantao Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Research and Transformation of Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peking University Third HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Luzheng Xu
- Department of Medical and Health Analysis CenterPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Ziwen Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Research and Transformation of Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peking University Third HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Danfeng Zheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Research and Transformation of Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peking University Third HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Research and Transformation of Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peking University Third HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Chen Song
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical GeneticsPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical GeneticsPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Bao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xinxia Tian
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical GeneticsPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Research and Transformation of Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peking University Third HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
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Zhao Z, Chen Y, Sun T, Jiang C. Nanomaterials for brain metastasis. J Control Release 2024; 365:833-847. [PMID: 38065414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a significant contributor to the mortality of cancer patients. Specifically, current conventional treatments are unable to achieve complete remission of brain metastasis. This is due to the unique pathological environment of brain metastasis, which differs significantly from peripheral metastasis. Brain metastasis is characterized by high tumor mutation rates and a complex microenvironment with immunosuppression. Additionally, the presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB)/blood tumor barrier (BTB) restricts drug leakage into the brain. Therefore, it is crucial to take account of the specific characteristics of brain metastasis when developing new therapeutic strategies. Nanomaterials offer promising opportunities for targeted therapies in treating brain metastasis. They can be tailored and customized based on specific pathological features and incorporate various treatment approaches, which makes them advantageous in advancing therapeutic strategies for brain metastasis. This review provides an overview of current clinical treatment options for patients with brain metastasis. It also explores the roles and changes that different cells within the complex microenvironment play during tumor spread. Furthermore, it highlights the use of nanomaterials in current brain treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Valiente M, Ortega-Paino E. Updating cancer research with patient-focused networks. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:1-4. [PMID: 37802739 PMCID: PMC10777485 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Multidisciplinary patient-centered networks offer access to difficult-to-get samples and initiate projects from human material. Improving such networks to include 'living' samples could be transformative, not only for research but for clinical trial design, especially when focused on unmet clinical needs, such as brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Valiente
- Brain Metastasis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; RENACER, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eva Ortega-Paino
- RENACER, Madrid, Spain; Biobank, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
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Fabbri L, Di Federico A, Astore M, Marchiori V, Rejtano A, Seminerio R, Gelsomino F, De Giglio A. From Development to Place in Therapy of Lorlatinib for the Treatment of ALK and ROS1 Rearranged Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 14:48. [PMID: 38201357 PMCID: PMC10804309 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Following the results of the CROWN phase III trial, the third-generation macrocyclic ALK inhibitor lorlatinib has been introduced as a salvage option after the failure of a first-line TKI in ALK-rearranged NSCLC, while its precise role in the therapeutic algorithm of ROS1 positive disease is still to be completely defined. The ability to overcome acquired resistance to prior generation TKIs (alectinib, brigatinib, ceritinib, and crizotinib) and the high intracranial activity in brain metastatic disease thanks to increased blood-brain barrier penetration are the reasons for the growing popularity and interest in this molecule. Nevertheless, the major vulnerability of this drug resides in a peculiar profile of related collateral events, with neurological impairment being the most conflicting and debated clinical issue. The cognitive safety concern, the susceptibility to heterogeneous resistance pathways, and the absence of a valid alternative in the second line are strongly jeopardizing a potential paradigm shift in this oncogene-addicted disease. So, when prescribing lorlatinib, clinicians must face two diametrically opposed characteristics: a great therapeutic potential without the intrinsic limitations of its precursor TKIs, a cytotoxic activity threatened by suboptimal tolerability, and the unavoidable onset of resistance mechanisms we cannot properly manage yet. In this paper, we give a critical point of view on the stepwise introduction of this promising drug into clinical practice, starting from its innovative molecular and biochemical properties to intriguing future developments, without forgetting its weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fabbri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.F.); (A.D.F.); (M.A.); (V.M.); (A.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Alessandro Di Federico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.F.); (A.D.F.); (M.A.); (V.M.); (A.R.); (R.S.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Martina Astore
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.F.); (A.D.F.); (M.A.); (V.M.); (A.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Virginia Marchiori
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.F.); (A.D.F.); (M.A.); (V.M.); (A.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Agnese Rejtano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.F.); (A.D.F.); (M.A.); (V.M.); (A.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Renata Seminerio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.F.); (A.D.F.); (M.A.); (V.M.); (A.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Francesco Gelsomino
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Andrea De Giglio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.F.); (A.D.F.); (M.A.); (V.M.); (A.R.); (R.S.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
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Zhou D, Gong Z, Wu D, Ma C, Hou L, Niu X, Xu T. Harnessing immunotherapy for brain metastases: insights into tumor-brain microenvironment interactions and emerging treatment modalities. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:121. [PMID: 38104104 PMCID: PMC10725587 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases signify a deleterious milestone in the progression of several advanced cancers, predominantly originating from lung, breast and melanoma malignancies, with a median survival timeframe nearing six months. Existing therapeutic regimens yield suboptimal outcomes; however, burgeoning insights into the tumor microenvironment, particularly the immunosuppressive milieu engendered by tumor-brain interplay, posit immunotherapy as a promising avenue for ameliorating brain metastases. In this review, we meticulously delineate the research advancements concerning the microenvironment of brain metastases, striving to elucidate the panorama of their onset and evolution. We encapsulate three emergent immunotherapeutic strategies, namely immune checkpoint inhibition, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell transplantation and glial cell-targeted immunoenhancement. We underscore the imperative of aligning immunotherapy development with in-depth understanding of the tumor microenvironment and engendering innovative delivery platforms. Moreover, the integration with established or avant-garde physical methodologies and localized applications warrants consideration in the prevailing therapeutic schema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dairan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Dejun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Niu
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 241 Huaihai West Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China.
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Lee JE, Park J, Kim EJ, Ko YH, Hong SA, Yang SH, Ahn YH. Noggin contributes to brain metastatic colonization of lung cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:299. [PMID: 38012621 PMCID: PMC10683317 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain metastasis is a common complication among patients with lung cancer, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of brain metastasis in lung cancer. METHODS We established highly colonizing metastatic lung cancer cells, A549-M2, through multiple implantations of A549 human lung cancer cells in the carotid artery of athymic nude mice. RESULTS Compared to parental cells (M0), M2 cells demonstrated slower growth in culture plates and soft agar, as well as lower motility and higher adhesion, key characteristics of mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). Further analysis revealed that M2 cells exhibited decreased expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers, including ZEB1 and Vimentin. M2 cells also demonstrated reduced invasiveness in co-culture systems. RNA sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis confirmed that M2 cells underwent MET. Intriguingly, depletion of Noggin, a BMP antagonist, was observed in M2 cells, and replenishment of Noggin restored suppressed migration and invasion of M2 cells. In addition, Noggin knockdown in control M0 cells promoted cell attachment and suppressed cell migration, suggesting that Noggin reduction during brain colonization causes inhibition of migration and invasion of metastatic lung cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that lung cancer cells undergo MET and lose their motility and invasiveness during brain metastatic colonization, which is dependent on Noggin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25 Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25 Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ho Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Auck Hong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 93 Jungbu-daero, Paldal-gu, Suwon, 16247, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Ho Ahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25 Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea.
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Nolan E, Kang Y, Malanchi I. Mechanisms of Organ-Specific Metastasis of Breast Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:a041326. [PMID: 36987584 PMCID: PMC10626265 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis, or the development of secondary tumors in distant tissues, accounts for the vast majority of fatalities in patients with breast cancer. Breast cancer cells show a striking proclivity to metastasize to distinct organs, specifically the lung, liver, bone, and brain, where they face unique environmental pressures and a wide variety of tissue-resident cells that together create a strong barrier for tumor survival and growth. As a consequence, successful metastatic colonization is critically dependent on reciprocal cross talk between cancer cells and host cells within the target organ, a relationship that shapes the formation of a tumor-supportive microenvironment. Here, we discuss the mechanisms governing organ-specific metastasis in breast cancer, focusing on the intricate interactions between metastatic cells and specific niche cells within a secondary organ, and the remarkable adaptations of both compartments that cooperatively support cancer growth. More broadly, we aim to provide a framework for the microenvironmental prerequisites within each distinct metastatic site for successful breast cancer metastatic seeding and outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Nolan
- Tumour Host Interaction laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Princeton Branch, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Ilaria Malanchi
- Tumour Host Interaction laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
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36
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Ibragimova MK, Tsyganov MM, Kravtsova EA, Tsydenova IA, Litviakov NV. Organ-Specificity of Breast Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15625. [PMID: 37958607 PMCID: PMC10650169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) remains one of the most common malignancies among women worldwide. Breast cancer shows metastatic heterogeneity with priority to different organs, which leads to differences in prognosis and response to therapy among patients. The main targets for metastasis in BC are the bone, lung, liver and brain. The molecular mechanism of BC organ-specificity is still under investigation. In recent years, the appearance of new genomic approaches has led to unprecedented changes in the understanding of breast cancer metastasis organ-specificity and has provided a new platform for the development of more effective therapeutic agents. This review summarises recent data on molecular organ-specific markers of metastasis as the basis of a possible therapeutic approach in order to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with metastatically heterogeneous breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina K. Ibragimova
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634009, Russia; (M.M.T.); (E.A.K.); (I.A.T.); (N.V.L.)
- Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Faculty of Medicine and Biology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Matvey M. Tsyganov
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634009, Russia; (M.M.T.); (E.A.K.); (I.A.T.); (N.V.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Biology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Kravtsova
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634009, Russia; (M.M.T.); (E.A.K.); (I.A.T.); (N.V.L.)
- Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Irina A. Tsydenova
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634009, Russia; (M.M.T.); (E.A.K.); (I.A.T.); (N.V.L.)
- Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Nikolai V. Litviakov
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634009, Russia; (M.M.T.); (E.A.K.); (I.A.T.); (N.V.L.)
- Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Faculty of Medicine and Biology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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Kong S, Chen TX, Jia XL, Cheng XL, Zeng ML, Liang JY, He XH, Yin J, Han S, Liu WH, Fan YT, Zhou T, Liu YM, Peng BW. Cell-specific NFIA upregulation promotes epileptogenesis by TRPV4-mediated astrocyte reactivity. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:247. [PMID: 37880726 PMCID: PMC10601220 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) exhibit morphological and functional diversity in brain region-specific pattern. Functional alterations of reactive astrocytes are commonly present in human temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) cases, meanwhile the neuroinflammation mediated by reactive astrocytes may advance the development of hippocampal epilepsy in animal models. Nuclear factor I-A (NFIA) may regulate astrocyte diversity in the adult brain. However, whether NFIA endows the astrocytes with regional specificity to be involved in epileptogenesis remains elusive. METHODS Here, we utilize an interference RNA targeting NFIA to explore the characteristics of NFIA expression and its role in astrocyte reactivity in a 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-induced seizure model in vivo and in vitro. Combined with the employment of a HA-tagged plasmid overexpressing NFIA, we further investigate the precise mechanisms how NIFA facilitates epileptogenesis. RESULTS 4-AP-induced NFIA upregulation in hippocampal region is astrocyte-specific, and primarily promotes detrimental actions of reactive astrocyte. In line with this phenomenon, both NFIA and vanilloid transient receptor potential 4 (TRPV4) are upregulated in hippocampal astrocytes in human samples from the TLE surgical patients and mouse samples with intraperitoneal 4-AP. NFIA directly regulates mouse astrocytic TRPV4 expression while the quantity and the functional activity of TRPV4 are required for 4-AP-induced astrocyte reactivity and release of proinflammatory cytokines in the charge of NFIA upregulation. NFIA deficiency efficiently inhibits 4-AP-induced TRPV4 upregulation, weakens astrocytic calcium activity and specific astrocyte reactivity, thereby mitigating aberrant neuronal discharges and neuronal damage, and suppressing epileptic seizure. CONCLUSIONS Our results uncover the critical role of NFIA in astrocyte reactivity and illustrate how epileptogenic brain injury initiates cell-specific signaling pathway to dictate the astrocyte responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Kong
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao-Xiang Chen
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang-Lei Jia
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Lei Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Liu Zeng
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Yi Liang
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Hua He
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan-Hong Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan-Teng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, 430040, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Min Liu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Bi-Wen Peng
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Rios-Hoyo A, Arriola E. Immunotherapy and brain metastasis in lung cancer: connecting bench side science to the clinic. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1221097. [PMID: 37876939 PMCID: PMC10590916 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1221097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common form of intracranial malignant neoplasms in adults, with a profound impact on quality of life and traditionally associated with a dismal prognosis. Lung cancer accounts for approximately 40%-50% of BM across different tumors. The process leading to BMs is complex and includes local invasion, intravasation, tumor cells circulation into the bloodstream, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, extravasation of tumor cells into the brain parenchyma, and interaction with cells of the brain microenvironment, among others. Once the tumor cells have seeded in the brain parenchyma, they encounter different glial cells of the brain, as well as immune cells. The interaction between these cells and tumor cells is complex and is associated with both antitumoral and protumoral effects. To overcome the lethal prognosis associated with BMs, different treatment strategies have been developed, such as immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, particularly inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, which have demonstrated to be an effective treatment in both non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. These antibodies have shown to be effective in the treatment of BM, alone or in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. However, many unsolved questions remain to be answered, such as the sequencing of immunotherapy and radiotherapy, the optimal management in symptomatic BMs, the role of the addition of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, and so forth. The complexity in the management of BMs in the era of immunotherapy requires a multidisciplinary approach to adequately treat this devastating event. The aim of this review is to summarize evidence regarding epidemiology of BM, its pathophysiology, current approach to treatment strategies, as well as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Rios-Hoyo
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Edurne Arriola
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología), Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
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Lu BY, Goldberg SB. Chemoimmunotherapy for Untreated Lung Cancer Brain Metastases: Systemic Before Local Therapy? J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:4462-4464. [PMID: 37603819 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Y Lu
- Department of Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Sarah B Goldberg
- Department of Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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40
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Duan W, Xia S, Tang M, Lin M, Liu W, Wang Q. Targeting of endothelial cells in brain tumours. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1433. [PMID: 37830128 PMCID: PMC10570772 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggressive brain tumours, whether primary gliomas or secondary metastases, are characterised by hypervascularisation and are fatal. Recent research has emphasised the crucial involvement of endothelial cells (ECs) in all brain tumour genesis and development events, with various patterns and underlying mechanisms identified. MAIN BODY Here, we highlight recent advances in knowledge about the contributions of ECs to brain tumour development, providing a comprehensive summary including descriptions of interactions between ECs and tumour cells, the heterogeneity of ECs and new models for research on ECs in brain malignancies. We also discuss prospects for EC targeting in novel therapeutic approaches. CONCLUSION Interventions targeting ECs, as an adjunct to other therapies (e.g. immunotherapies, molecular-targeted therapies), have shown promising clinical efficacy due to the high degree of vascularisation in brain tumours. Developing precise strategies to target tumour-associated vessels based on the heterogeneity of ECs is expected to improve anti-vascular efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Duan
- Department of Respiratory MedicineThe Second HospitalDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Shengkai Xia
- Department of Respiratory MedicineThe Second HospitalDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Mengyi Tang
- Department of Respiratory MedicineThe Second HospitalDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Manqing Lin
- Department of Respiratory MedicineThe Second HospitalDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Cancer Translational Medicine Research CenterThe Second HospitalDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory MedicineThe Second HospitalDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Cancer Translational Medicine Research CenterThe Second HospitalDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
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41
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Qu F, Brough SC, Michno W, Madubata CJ, Hartmann GG, Puno A, Drainas AP, Bhattacharya D, Tomasich E, Lee MC, Yang D, Kim J, Peiris-Pagès M, Simpson KL, Dive C, Preusser M, Toland A, Kong C, Das M, Winslow MM, Pasca AM, Sage J. Crosstalk between small-cell lung cancer cells and astrocytes mimics brain development to promote brain metastasis. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1506-1519. [PMID: 37783795 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastases represent an important clinical problem for patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, the mechanisms underlying SCLC growth in the brain remain poorly understood. Here, using intracranial injections in mice and assembloids between SCLC aggregates and human cortical organoids in culture, we found that SCLC cells recruit reactive astrocytes to the tumour microenvironment. This crosstalk between SCLC cells and astrocytes drives the induction of gene expression programmes that are similar to those found during early brain development in neurons and astrocytes. Mechanistically, the brain development factor Reelin, secreted by SCLC cells, recruits astrocytes to brain metastases. These astrocytes in turn promote SCLC growth by secreting neuronal pro-survival factors such as SERPINE1. Thus, SCLC brain metastases grow by co-opting mechanisms involved in reciprocal neuron-astrocyte interactions during brain development. Targeting such developmental programmes activated in this cancer ecosystem may help prevent and treat brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfei Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Siqi C Brough
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wojciech Michno
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chioma J Madubata
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Griffin G Hartmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alyssa Puno
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexandros P Drainas
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Debadrita Bhattacharya
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Erwin Tomasich
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Myung Chang Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dian Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maria Peiris-Pagès
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Biomarker Centre, Manchester, UK
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Kathryn L Simpson
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Biomarker Centre, Manchester, UK
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Caroline Dive
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Biomarker Centre, Manchester, UK
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angus Toland
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christina Kong
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Millie Das
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Monte M Winslow
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anca M Pasca
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julien Sage
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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42
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He Y, Shao Y, Chen Q, Liu C, Zhu F, Liu H. Brain metastasis in de novo stage IV breast cancer. Breast 2023; 71:54-59. [PMID: 37499376 PMCID: PMC10413138 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Information of brain metastasis (BM) in de novo stage IV breast cancer is lacking, which is an unavoidable problem and dilemma in practice. Understanding the current situation is helpful for the clinical cognition and decision-making. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and survival information of de novo stage IV breast cancer with BM between 2015 and 2019 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of BM and factors associated with all-cause mortality in de novo stage IV breast cancer, respectively. Overall survival (OS) was calculated using Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests. RESULTS Our cohort consisted of 1366 patients with BM in de novo stage IV breast cancer, with an incidence of 8.38% in patients with metastatic disease to any distant site. Incidence was highest among patients with metastatic disease with HR-HER2+ (12.95%) and HR-HER2- (13.40%) subtypes. The higher the number of extracranial metastases, the higher the BM incidence. The median OS was 12.0 (95%CI: 10.426-13.574) months in BM group; it was longest in HR + HER2+ (19.0[95%CI: 11.793-26.207] months), and shortest in HR-HER2- (7.0 [95%CI:5.354-8.646] months). Marital status, subtype, and abundance of metastatic sites influenced morbidity and OS of BM in de novo stage IV breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS Population-based estimates of the incidence and prognosis for patients with BM in de novo stage IV breast cancer were closely associated with subtype and metastatic burden. These findings may be helpful in developing diagnostic strategies, especially for brain screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning He
- Department of Breast Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Breast Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingbo Shao
- Department of Breast Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Breast Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Breast Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Breast Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaojun Liu
- Department of Breast Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Breast Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhu
- Department of Breast Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Breast Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Breast Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Breast Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
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43
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Xiong X, James BT, Boix CA, Park YP, Galani K, Victor MB, Sun N, Hou L, Ho LL, Mantero J, Scannail AN, Dileep V, Dong W, Mathys H, Bennett DA, Tsai LH, Kellis M. Epigenomic dissection of Alzheimer's disease pinpoints causal variants and reveals epigenome erosion. Cell 2023; 186:4422-4437.e21. [PMID: 37774680 PMCID: PMC10782612 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent work has identified dozens of non-coding loci for Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, but their mechanisms and AD transcriptional regulatory circuitry are poorly understood. Here, we profile epigenomic and transcriptomic landscapes of 850,000 nuclei from prefrontal cortexes of 92 individuals with and without AD to build a map of the brain regulome, including epigenomic profiles, transcriptional regulators, co-accessibility modules, and peak-to-gene links in a cell-type-specific manner. We develop methods for multimodal integration and detecting regulatory modules using peak-to-gene linking. We show AD risk loci are enriched in microglial enhancers and for specific TFs including SPI1, ELF2, and RUNX1. We detect 9,628 cell-type-specific ATAC-QTL loci, which we integrate alongside peak-to-gene links to prioritize AD variant regulatory circuits. We report differential accessibility of regulatory modules in late AD in glia and in early AD in neurons. Strikingly, late-stage AD brains show global epigenome dysregulation indicative of epigenome erosion and cell identity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xushen Xiong
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Benjamin T James
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Carles A Boix
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yongjin P Park
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kyriaki Galani
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matheus B Victor
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Na Sun
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lei Hou
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Li-Lun Ho
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Julio Mantero
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aine Ni Scannail
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vishnu Dileep
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Weixiu Dong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hansruedi Mathys
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Manolis Kellis
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Jablonska PA, Galán N, Barranco J, Leon S, Robledano R, Echeveste JI, Calvo A, Aristu J, Serrano D. Presence of Activated (Phosphorylated) STAT3 in Radiation Necrosis Following Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14219. [PMID: 37762522 PMCID: PMC10532304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain radiation necrosis (RN) is a subacute or late adverse event following radiotherapy, involving an exacerbated inflammatory response of the brain tissue. The risk of symptomatic RN associated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) as part of the treatment of brain metastases (BMs) has been a subject of recent investigation. The activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was shown in reactive astrocytes (RA) associated with BMs. Given that the pathophysiological mechanisms behind RN are not fully understood, we sought to investigate the role of STAT3 among other inflammatory markers in RN development. A mouse model of RN using clinical LINAC-based SRS was designed to induce brain necrosis with the administration of 50 Gy in a single fraction to the left hemisphere using a circular collimator of 5 mm diameter. Immunohistochemistry and multiplex staining for CD4, CD8, CD68, GFAP, and STAT3 were performed. For validation, eleven patients with BMs treated with SRS who developed symptomatic RN and required surgery were identified to perform staining for CD68, GFAP, and STAT3. In the mouse model, the RN and perinecrotic areas showed significantly higher staining for F4/80+ and GFAP+ cells, with a high infiltration of CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocytes, when compared to the non-irradiated cerebral hemisphere. A high number of GFAP+pSTAT3+ and F4/80+pSTAT3+ cells was found in the RN areas and the rest of the irradiated hemisphere. The analysis of human brain specimens showed that astrocytes and microglia were actively phosphorylating STAT3 in the areas of RN and gliosis. Phosphorylated STAT3 is highly expressed in the microglia and RA pertaining to the areas of brain RN. Targeting STAT3 via inhibition represents a promising strategy to ameliorate symptomatic RN in BM patients undergoing SRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Anna Jablonska
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nuria Galán
- IDISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain (A.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Jennifer Barranco
- IDISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain (A.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Sergio Leon
- IDISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain (A.C.); (D.S.)
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ramón Robledano
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Echeveste
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Calvo
- IDISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain (A.C.); (D.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Aristu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Proton Therapy Unit, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 28027 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Diego Serrano
- IDISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain (A.C.); (D.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Sanchez-Aguilera A, Masmudi-Martín M, Navas-Olive A, Baena P, Hernández-Oliver C, Priego N, Cordón-Barris L, Alvaro-Espinosa L, García S, Martínez S, Lafarga M, Lin MZ, Al-Shahrour F, Menendez de la Prida L, Valiente M. Machine learning identifies experimental brain metastasis subtypes based on their influence on neural circuits. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:1637-1649.e11. [PMID: 37652007 PMCID: PMC10507426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A high percentage of patients with brain metastases frequently develop neurocognitive symptoms; however, understanding how brain metastasis co-opts the function of neuronal circuits beyond a tumor mass effect remains unknown. We report a comprehensive multidimensional modeling of brain functional analyses in the context of brain metastasis. By testing different preclinical models of brain metastasis from various primary sources and oncogenic profiles, we dissociated the heterogeneous impact on local field potential oscillatory activity from cortical and hippocampal areas that we detected from the homogeneous inter-model tumor size or glial response. In contrast, we report a potential underlying molecular program responsible for impairing neuronal crosstalk by scoring the transcriptomic and mutational profiles in a model-specific manner. Additionally, measurement of various brain activity readouts matched with machine learning strategies confirmed model-specific alterations that could help predict the presence and subtype of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sonia Martínez
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Lafarga
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and CIBERNED, University of Cantabria- IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Michael Z Lin
- Departments of Neurobiology and Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5090, USA
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McDonald B, Barth K, Schmidt MHH. The origin of brain malignancies at the blood-brain barrier. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:282. [PMID: 37688612 PMCID: PMC10492883 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in extracranial therapy, survival rate for patients suffering from brain metastases remains very poor. This is coupled with the incidence of brain metastases continuing to rise. In this review, we focus on core contributions of the blood-brain barrier to the origin of brain metastases. We first provide an overview of the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier under physiological conditions. Next, we discuss the emerging idea of a pre-metastatic niche, namely that secreted factors and extracellular vesicles from a primary tumor site are able to travel through the circulation and prime the neurovasculature for metastatic invasion. We then consider the neurotropic mechanisms that circulating tumor cells possess or develop that facilitate disruption of the blood-brain barrier and survival in the brain's parenchyma. Finally, we compare and contrast brain metastases at the blood-brain barrier to the primary brain tumor, glioma, examining the process of vessel co-option that favors the survival and outgrowth of brain malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan McDonald
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Barth
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko H H Schmidt
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
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47
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Zhao Z, Li C, Zhang Y, Li C, Chu Y, Li X, Liu P, Chen H, Wang Y, Su B, Chen Q, Sun T, Jiang C. Nanomaterials with dual immunomodulatory functions for synergistic therapy of breast cancer brain metastases. Bioact Mater 2023; 27:474-487. [PMID: 37159612 PMCID: PMC10163467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A long-standing paucity of effective therapies results in the poor outcomes of triple-negative breast cancer brain metastases. Immunotherapy has made progress in the treatment of tumors, but limited by the non-immunogenicity of tumors and strong immunosuppressive environment, patients with TNBC brain metastases have not yet benefited from immunotherapy. Dual immunoregulatory strategies with enhanced immune activation and reversal of the immunosuppressive microenvironment provide new therapeutic options for patients. Here, we propose a cocktail-like therapeutic strategy of microenvironment regulation-chemotherapy-immune synergistic sensitization and construct reduction-sensitive immune microenvironment regulation nanomaterials (SIL@T). SIL@T modified with targeting peptide penetrates the BBB and is subsequently internalized into metastatic breast cancer cells, releasing silybin and oxaliplatin responsively in the cells. SIL@T preferentially accumulates at the metastatic site and can significantly prolong the survival period of model animals. Mechanistic studies have shown that SIL@T can effectively induce immunogenic cell death of metastatic cells, activate immune responses and increase infiltration of CD8+ T cells. Meanwhile, the activation of STAT3 in the metastatic foci is attenuated and the immunosuppressive microenvironment is reversed. This study demonstrates that SIL@T with dual immunomodulatory functions provides a promising immune synergistic therapy strategy for breast cancer brain metastases.
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48
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Pan JK, Lin WD, Kuo YL, Chen YC, Loh ZJ, Lin FC, Cheng HC, Hsiao M, Lu PJ. ICAM2 initiates trans-blood-CSF barrier migration and stemness properties in leptomeningeal metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer. Oncogene 2023; 42:2919-2931. [PMID: 37620448 PMCID: PMC10516748 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02769-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) occurs when tumor cells spread to the leptomeningeal space surrounding the brain and the spinal cord, thereby causing poor clinical outcomes. The triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been associated with symptoms of LM and mechanism remained unclear. Through proteomic analysis, we identified high expression of ICAM2 in leptomeningeal metastatic TNBC cells, which promoted the colonization of the spinal cord and resulted in poor survival in vivo. Two-way demonstration indicated that high levels of ICAM2 promoted blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) adhesion, trans-BCB migration, and stemness abilities and determined the specificity of LM in vivo. Furthermore, pull-down and antibody neutralizing assay revealed that ICAM2 determined the specificity of LM through interactions with ICAM1 in the choroid plexus epithelial cells. Therefore, neutralizing ICAM2 can attenuate the progression of LM and prolong survival in vivo. The results suggested that targeting ICAM2 is a potential therapeutic strategy for LM in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Kai Pan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Der Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Lung Kuo
- Department of General Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zhu-Jun Loh
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Forn-Chia Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chuan Cheng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Department of Clinical Medicine Research, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
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49
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Pencik J, Philippe C, Schlederer M, Atas E, Pecoraro M, Grund-Gröschke S, Li WJ, Tracz A, Heidegger I, Lagger S, Trachtová K, Oberhuber M, Heitzer E, Aksoy O, Neubauer HA, Wingelhofer B, Orlova A, Witzeneder N, Dillinger T, Redl E, Greiner G, D'Andrea D, Östman JR, Tangermann S, Hermanova I, Schäfer G, Sternberg F, Pohl EE, Sternberg C, Varady A, Horvath J, Stoiber D, Malcolm TI, Turner SD, Parkes EE, Hantusch B, Egger G, Rose-John S, Poli V, Jain S, Armstrong CWD, Hoermann G, Goffin V, Aberger F, Moriggl R, Carracedo A, McKinney C, Kennedy RD, Klocker H, Speicher MR, Tang DG, Moazzami AA, Heery DM, Hacker M, Kenner L. STAT3/LKB1 controls metastatic prostate cancer by regulating mTORC1/CREB pathway. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:133. [PMID: 37573301 PMCID: PMC10422794 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01825-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common and fatal type of cancer in men. Metastatic PCa (mPCa) is a major factor contributing to its lethality, although the mechanisms remain poorly understood. PTEN is one of the most frequently deleted genes in mPCa. Here we show a frequent genomic co-deletion of PTEN and STAT3 in liquid biopsies of patients with mPCa. Loss of Stat3 in a Pten-null mouse prostate model leads to a reduction of LKB1/pAMPK with simultaneous activation of mTOR/CREB, resulting in metastatic disease. However, constitutive activation of Stat3 led to high LKB1/pAMPK levels and suppressed mTORC1/CREB pathway, preventing mPCa development. Metformin, one of the most widely prescribed therapeutics against type 2 diabetes, inhibits mTORC1 in liver and requires LKB1 to mediate glucose homeostasis. We find that metformin treatment of STAT3/AR-expressing PCa xenografts resulted in significantly reduced tumor growth accompanied by diminished mTORC1/CREB, AR and PSA levels. PCa xenografts with deletion of STAT3/AR nearly completely abrogated mTORC1/CREB inhibition mediated by metformin. Moreover, metformin treatment of PCa patients with high Gleason grade and type 2 diabetes resulted in undetectable mTORC1 levels and upregulated STAT3 expression. Furthermore, PCa patients with high CREB expression have worse clinical outcomes and a significantly increased risk of PCa relapse and metastatic recurrence. In summary, we have shown that STAT3 controls mPCa via LKB1/pAMPK/mTORC1/CREB signaling, which we have identified as a promising novel downstream target for the treatment of lethal mPCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pencik
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Cecile Philippe
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Schlederer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emine Atas
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matteo Pecoraro
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Grund-Gröschke
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wen Jess Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Experimental Therapeutics Graduate Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Amanda Tracz
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Isabel Heidegger
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabine Lagger
- Unit for Pathology of Laboratory Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karolína Trachtová
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 60177, Brno, Czech Republic
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics (CDL-AM), Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ellen Heitzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Osman Aksoy
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department for Basic and Translational Oncology and Hematology, Division Molecular Oncology and Hematology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Heidi A Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Wingelhofer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Orlova
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Witzeneder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Dillinger
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisa Redl
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Greiner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - David D'Andrea
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johnny R Östman
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Simone Tangermann
- Unit for Pathology of Laboratory Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivana Hermanova
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20850, Derio, Spain
| | - Georg Schäfer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix Sternberg
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elena E Pohl
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Sternberg
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Unit for Pathology of Laboratory Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
- Biochemical Institute, University of Kiel, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Adam Varady
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jaqueline Horvath
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Division Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Tim I Malcolm
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB20QQ, UK
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB20QQ, UK
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eileen E Parkes
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX37DQ, UK
| | - Brigitte Hantusch
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerda Egger
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Valeria Poli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Suneil Jain
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT71NN, UK
| | - Chris W D Armstrong
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT71NN, UK
| | | | - Vincent Goffin
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Fritz Aberger
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20850, Derio, Spain
| | - Cathal McKinney
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT71NN, UK
- Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, BT63 5QD, UK
| | - Richard D Kennedy
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT71NN, UK
- Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, BT63 5QD, UK
| | - Helmut Klocker
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael R Speicher
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Experimental Therapeutics Graduate Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Ali A Moazzami
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David M Heery
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- Unit for Pathology of Laboratory Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics (CDL-AM), Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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50
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Kim MM, Mehta MP, Smart DK, Steeg PS, Hong JA, Espey MG, Prasanna PG, Crandon L, Hodgdon C, Kozak N, Armstrong TS, Morikawa A, Willmarth N, Tanner K, Boire A, Gephart MH, Margolin KA, Hattangadi-Gluth J, Tawbi H, Trifiletti DM, Chung C, Basu-Roy U, Burns R, Oliva ICG, Aizer AA, Anders CK, Davis J, Ahluwalia MS, Chiang V, Li J, Kotecha R, Formenti SC, Ellingson BM, Gondi V, Sperduto PW, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Rodon J, Lee EQ, Khasraw M, Yeboa DN, Brastianos PK, Galanis E, Coleman CN, Ahmed MM. National Cancer Institute Collaborative Workshop on Shaping the Landscape of Brain Metastases Research: challenges and recommended priorities. Lancet Oncol 2023; 24:e344-e354. [PMID: 37541280 PMCID: PMC10681121 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(23)00297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastases are an increasing global public health concern, even as survival rates improve for patients with metastatic disease. Both metastases and the sequelae of their treatment are key determinants of the inter-related priorities of patient survival, function, and quality of life, mandating a multidimensional approach to clinical care and research. At a virtual National Cancer Institute Workshop in September, 2022, key stakeholders convened to define research priorities to address the crucial areas of unmet need for patients with brain metastases to achieve meaningful advances in patient outcomes. This Policy Review outlines existing knowledge gaps, collaborative opportunities, and specific recommendations regarding consensus priorities and future directions in brain metastases research. Achieving major advances in research will require enhanced coordination between the ongoing efforts of individual organisations and consortia. Importantly, the continual and active engagement of patients and patient advocates will be necessary to ensure that the directionality of all efforts reflects what is most meaningful in the context of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Minesh P Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
| | - DeeDee K Smart
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia S Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie A Hong
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Michael G Espey
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Pataje G Prasanna
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Terri S Armstrong
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aki Morikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Kirk Tanner
- National Brain Tumor Society, Newton, MA, USA
| | - Adrienne Boire
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Jona Hattangadi-Gluth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hussein Tawbi
- Department of Melanoma Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel M Trifiletti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Caroline Chung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Robyn Burns
- Melanoma Research Foundation, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Isabella C Glitza Oliva
- Department of Melanoma Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ayal A Aizer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carey K Anders
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Manmeet S Ahluwalia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Veronica Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rupesh Kotecha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Silvia C Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin M Ellingson
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vinai Gondi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern Medicine Cancer Center Warrenville and Proton Center, Warrenville, IL, USA
| | - Paul W Sperduto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Informatics and Data Science Program, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, Trans-Divisional Research Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jordi Rodon
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eudocia Q Lee
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mustafa Khasraw
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Debra Nana Yeboa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Priscilla K Brastianos
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evanthia Galanis
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mansoor M Ahmed
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
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