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Wang Z, Zhu H, Chen L, Gan C, Min W, Xiao J, Zou Z, He Y. Absence of Causal Relationship Between Levels of Unsaturated Fatty Acids and ADHD: Evidence From Mendelian Randomization Study. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:1716-1725. [PMID: 39082434 DOI: 10.1177/10870547241264660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research suggests a potential link between unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and ADHD, but the causal relationship remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the causal association between ADHD and UFAs using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS Summary data from genome-wide association studies were used to estimate the concentration of circulating UFAs, including Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFAs), Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs), Omega-3 PUFAs, Omega-6 PUFAs, Linoleic Acid (LA), and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA). Data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, including both childhood and adult ADHD, were respectively used to examine the relationship between genetically predicted UFAs levels and ADHD. Various MR methods, including Inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier, MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode, were employed to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy. RESULTS The IVW revealed only nominal evidence suggesting a potential causal relationship between genetically predicted PUFAs (OR = 0.92, 95% CI [0.85, 0.99], p = .031), Omega-6 PUFAs (OR = 0.90, 95% CI [0.83, 0.98], p = .020), and LA levels (OR = 0.90, 95% CI [0.82, 0.98], p = .021) with childhood ADHD risk. However, after false discovery rate correction, the p-values for PUFAs, Omega-6 PUFAs, and LA levels all exceeded the threshold for significance. For adult ADHD, we did not find any significant associations between the six circulating UFA levels and adult ADHD. CONCLUSION Our findings do not support a causal relationship between UFAs levels and ADHD. This suggests that UFAs supplements may not be effective in improving ADHD symptoms and importantly, it appears that UFAs levels may not have a long-term effect on ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuxing Wang
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongru Zhu
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenyu Gan
- Jiaxiang Foreign Language Senior High School, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjiao Min
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhili Zou
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying He
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Song S, Sun Y, Yu J. Causal relationship between 731 immune cells and the risk of diabetic nephropathy: a two‑sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2387208. [PMID: 39091101 PMCID: PMC11299454 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2387208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous observational studies have indicated associations between various immune cells and diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the causality remains unclear. We aimed to further evaluate the causal association between immune cells and DN using bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHOD The DN data were retrieved from the IEU OpenGWAS Project database, while the data for 731 immune cells were sourced from GWAS summary statistics by Orru ̀ et al. The investigation into the causal relationship between immune cells and DN employed the inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median (WME), and MR-Egger methods. The stability and reliability of the findings underwent evaluation through Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept's P-value, MR-PRESSO, and Leave-One-Out (LOO) method. RESULT The IVW estimates suggested a positive causal effect of CD25 on IgD-CD38dim B cell, CD25 on naive-mature B cell, CD127 on granulocyte, SSC-A on HLA DR + Natural Killer, HLA DR on plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell, and HLA DR on Dendritic Cell on DN. Conversely, the abundance of Myeloid Dendritic Cell, CD62L- Dendritic Cell %Dendritic Cell, CD86+ myeloid Dendritic Cell %Dendritic Cell, CD14- CD16-, CX3CR1 on CD14- CD16-, and SSC-A on CD4+ T cell had negative causal effects on DN. However, after correcting the P value for significant causality results using the FDR method, it was concluded that only Myeloid Dendritic Cells had a causal relationship with DN (FDR-p = 0.041), while the other immune cells showed no significant association with DN, so their relationship was suggestive. The results were stable with no observed horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity. Reverse MR analysis indicated no causal relationship between DN and the increased risk of positively identified immune cells. CONCLUSION This study provides an initial insight into the genetic perspective of the causal relationship between immune cells and DN. It establishes a crucial theoretical foundation for future endeavors in precision medicine and individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jiangyi Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Nakhal MM, Yassin LK, Alyaqoubi R, Saeed S, Alderei A, Alhammadi A, Alshehhi M, Almehairbi A, Al Houqani S, BaniYas S, Qanadilo H, Ali BR, Shehab S, Statsenko Y, Meribout S, Sadek B, Akour A, Hamad MIK. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Neurological Disorders: A Comprehensive Review. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:1234. [PMID: 39459534 PMCID: PMC11508655 DOI: 10.3390/life14101234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbes have inhabited the earth for hundreds of millions of years longer than humans. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) represents a bidirectional communication pathway. These communications occur between the central nervous system (CNS), the enteric nervous system (ENS), and the emotional and cognitive centres of the brain. The field of research on the gut-brain axis has grown significantly during the past two decades. Signalling occurs between the gut microbiota and the brain through the neural, endocrine, immune, and humoral pathways. A substantial body of evidence indicates that the MGBA plays a pivotal role in various neurological diseases. These include Alzheimer's disease (AD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Rett syndrome, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), non-Alzheimer's neurodegeneration and dementias, fronto-temporal lobe dementia (FTLD), Wilson-Konovalov disease (WD), multisystem atrophy (MSA), Huntington's chorea (HC), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), depression, and schizophrenia (SCZ). Furthermore, the bidirectional correlation between therapeutics and the gut-brain axis will be discussed. Conversely, the mood of delivery, exercise, psychotropic agents, stress, and neurologic drugs can influence the MGBA. By understanding the MGBA, it may be possible to facilitate research into microbial-based interventions and therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Nakhal
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates (S.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Lidya K. Yassin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates (S.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Rana Alyaqoubi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates (S.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Sara Saeed
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates (S.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Alreem Alderei
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates (S.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Alya Alhammadi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates (S.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Mirah Alshehhi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates (S.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Afra Almehairbi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates (S.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Shaikha Al Houqani
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates (S.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Shamsa BaniYas
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates (S.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Haia Qanadilo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates (S.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Bassam R. Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Safa Shehab
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates (S.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Yauhen Statsenko
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
- Neuroscience Platform, ASPIRE Precision Medicine Institute in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sarah Meribout
- Internal Medicine Department, Maimonides Medical Center, New York, NY 11219, USA;
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Bo Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (B.S.); (A.A.)
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amal Akour
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Bo Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (B.S.); (A.A.)
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohammad I. K. Hamad
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates (S.B.); (S.S.)
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Pan YJ, Lin MC, Liou JM, Fan CC, Su MH, Chen CY, Wu CS, Chen PC, Huang YT, Wang SH. A population-based study of familial coaggregation and shared genetic etiology of psychiatric and gastrointestinal disorders. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:180. [PMID: 39300237 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been proposed that having a psychiatric disorder could increase the risk of developing a gastrointestinal disorder, and vice versa. The role of familial coaggregation and shared genetic loading between psychiatric and gastrointestinal disorders remains unclear. METHODS This study used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database; 4,504,612 individuals born 1970-1999 with parental information, 51,664 same-sex twins, and 3,322,959 persons with full-sibling(s) were enrolled. Genotyping was available for 106,796 unrelated participants from the Taiwan Biobank. A logistic regression model was used to examine the associations of individual history, affected relatives, and polygenic risk scores (PRS) for schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BPD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), with the risk of peptic ulcer disease (PUD), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and vice versa. RESULTS Here we show that parental psychiatric disorders are associated with gastrointestinal disorders. Full-siblings of psychiatric cases have an increased risk of gastrointestinal disorders except for SCZ/BPD and IBD; the magnitude of coaggregation is higher in same-sex twins than in full-siblings. The results of bidirectional analyses mostly remain unchanged. PRS for SCZ, MDD, and OCD are associated with IBS, PUD/GERD/IBS/IBD, and PUD/GERD/IBS, respectively. PRS for PUD, GERD, IBS, and IBD are associated with MDD, BPD/MDD, SCZ/BPD/MDD, and BPD, respectively. CONCLUSIONS There is familial coaggregation and shared genetic etiology between psychiatric and gastrointestinal comorbidity. Individuals with psychiatric disorder-affected relatives or with higher genetic risk for psychiatric disorders should be monitored for gastrointestinal disorders, and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jiun Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chen Lin
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Liou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Fan
- Center for Population Neuroscience and Genetics, Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mei-Hsin Su
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Cheng-Yun Chen
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shin Wu
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin branch, Douliu, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chen
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Tsung Huang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Heng Wang
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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5
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Li S, Zhang N, Li W, Zhang HL, Wang XX. Gastrointestinal problems in a valproic acid-induced rat model of autism: From maternal intestinal health to offspring intestinal function. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14:1095-1105. [PMID: 39050201 PMCID: PMC11262932 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i7.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by social deficits and repetitive behavior. Gastrointestinal (GI) problems, such as constipation, diarrhea, and inflammatory bowel disease, commonly occur in patients with ASD. Previously, GI problems of ASD patients were attributed to intestinal inflammation and vertical mother-to-infant microbiome transmission. AIM To explore whether GI problems in ASD are related to maternal intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota abnormalities. METHODS An ASD rat model was developed using valproic acid (VPA). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fecal 16S rRNA sequencing were used to test GI changes. RESULTS VPA exposure during pregnancy led to pathological maternal intestinal changes, resulting in alterations in maternal gut microbiota. Additionally, the levels of inflammatory factors also increased. Moreover, prenatal exposure to VPA resulted in impaired duodenal motility in the offspring as well as increased levels of inflammatory factors. CONCLUSION GI problems in ASD may be associated with maternal intestinal inflammation and microbiota abnormality. Future research is required to find more evidence on the etiology and treatment of GI problems in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Wang Li
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Han-Lai Zhang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
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Underwood JFG, Madley-Dowd P, Dardani C, Hull L, Kwong ASF, Pearson RM, Hall J, Rai D. Childhood trauma as a mediator between autistic traits and depression: evidence from the ALSPAC birth cohort. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.07.12.24310340. [PMID: 39040168 PMCID: PMC11261931 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.12.24310340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Autism and autistic traits have been associated with greater risk of childhood trauma and adulthood psychopathology. However, the role that childhood trauma plays in the association between autism, autistic traits and depression in adulthood is poorly understood. Methods We used a UK-based birth cohort with phenotype and genotype data on autism, autistic traits, childhood trauma and depression in up to 9,659 individuals prospectively followed up from birth until age 28 years. Using mixed-effects growth-curve models, we assessed trajectories of depression symptoms over time according to the presence or absence of autism/ autistic traits and explored whether these differed by trauma exposure. We further investigated the association between autism/ autistic traits and depression in adulthood using confounder-adjusted logistic regression models and undertook mediation analyses to investigate the relationship with childhood trauma. Results All autism variables demonstrated increased depressive symptom trajectories between ages 10-28 years. Social communication difficulties (SCDs) were the most strongly associated with a depression diagnosis in adulthood (age 24 OR= 2.15; 95%CIs: 1.22-3.76). Trauma and autistic traits combined to further increase depression symptom scores. Mediation analyses provided evidence for direct pathways between autistic traits and increased risk of depression alongside indirect pathways through increased risk of trauma. Conclusions Autism/ autistic traits increase the odds of experiencing childhood trauma and of being diagnosed with depression at age 18 and 24. Depressive symptom trajectories emergent in childhood persist into adulthood. The combined effect of SCDs and childhood trauma is greater than the individual exposures, suggesting worse depression symptomatology following trauma in individuals with SCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack F G Underwood
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Madley-Dowd
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Dardani
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Hull
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alex S F Kwong
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca M Pearson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - Dheeraj Rai
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
- Avon and Wiltshire Partnership NHS Mental Health Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Wang X, Qian C, Yao H. Parental Inflammatory Bowel Disease with Child Autism: A Comprehensive Review and Meta-Analysis. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06458-4. [PMID: 38976104 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been shown to be connected to a greater possibility of neurologically developed problems, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, the proof linking parental IBD with ASD in offspring is inconclusive. Thus, we carried out a meta-analysis and comprehensive review to elucidate such linking. Prior research was identified through reviewing multiple internet-based sources, including Cochrane, Web of Knowledge, Embase, CINAHL, PubMed, and PsycINFO, from 1960 to December 2022. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined employing random-effects models, in spite of the I2 statistic measurement of heterogeneity. Prediction intervals (PIs) have been presented to allow for more useful inferences and to indicate the range of genuine effects that might be predicted in future scenarios. Six studies (two case-control studies and four cohort studies) involving 3,200,199 participants were incorporated into the meta-analysis. The pooled RRs of ASDs among offspring of IBD parents were 1.15 (95% CI, 0.92 to 1.45, P = 0.226; I2 = 81.4%, P = 0.003; PI, 0.53-2.62), indicating no significant connection between parental IBD and the likelihood of ASDs in children. Type of IBD, and sex both also yielded no statistically significant results according to subgroup analysis. Our meta-analysis does not provide evidence that parental IBD is connected with the elevated likelihood of ASDs in their children. To confirm these results and understand their underlying mechanisms, additional research with larger sample sizes and improved study designs is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmu Wang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Chenfei Qian
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Huanying Yao
- Department of pediatrics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, No.568, Zhongxing North Road, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, P.R. China.
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胡 云, 田 耕, 刘 蒙, 汪 鸿. [Advances in Mendelian randomization studies on autism spectrum disorder]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2024; 26:535-540. [PMID: 38802917 PMCID: PMC11135060 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2311030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder with onset in infancy or early childhood. Mendelian randomization (MR) is a statistical method used to infer causal relationships between exposures and outcomes. This article summarizes MR studies related to ASD. Existing research supports a causal relationship between maternal inflammatory bowel disease in children with ASD, parental education levels, screen time exposure, obesity, insomnia, serum transferrin, decreased blood selenium, abnormal signals in brain functional MRI, interleukin-6, phosphodiesterase 2A, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3, mitochondrial ribosomal protein L33, serotonin, and ASD. However, it does not support a causal relationship between parental rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, neonatal jaundice in children with ASD, cytomegalovirus infection, asthma, oral ulcers, vitamin D levels, and ASD. This article reviews the etiological factors related to ASD and MR studies, aiming to explore and deepen the understanding of the pathophysiology of ASD. It provides strong statistical support for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of ASD, and offers new methods and strategies for the etiological analysis of complex traits.
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Long J, Dang H, Su W, Moneruzzaman M, Zhang H. Interactions between circulating inflammatory factors and autism spectrum disorder: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study in European population. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1370276. [PMID: 38742104 PMCID: PMC11089225 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1370276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Extensive observational studies have reported an association between inflammatory factors and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but their causal relationships remain unclear. This study aims to offer deeper insight into causal relationships between circulating inflammatory factors and ASD. Methods Two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis method was used in this study. The genetic variation of 91 circulating inflammatory factors was obtained from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) database of European ancestry. The germline GWAS summary data for ASD were also obtained (18,381 ASD cases and 27,969 controls). Single nucleotide polymorphisms robustly associated with the 91 inflammatory factors were used as instrumental variables. The random-effects inverse-variance weighted method was used as the primary analysis, and the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was applied. Sensitivity tests were carried out to assess the validity of the causal relationship. Results The forward MR analysis results suggest that levels of sulfotransferase 1A1, natural killer cell receptor 2B4, T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5, Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand are positively associated with the occurrence of ASD, while levels of interleukin-7, interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta, and interleukin-2 are inversely associated with the occurrence of ASD. In addition, matrix metalloproteinase-10, caspase 8, tumor necrosis factor-related activation-induced cytokine, and C-C motif chemokine 19 were considered downstream consequences of ASD. Conclusion This MR study identified additional inflammatory factors in patients with ASD relative to previous studies, and raised a possibility of ASD-caused immune abnormalities. These identified inflammatory factors may be potential biomarkers of immunologic dysfunction in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzi Long
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Division of Brain Sciences, Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Dang
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenlong Su
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Md. Moneruzzaman
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Division of Brain Sciences, Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Xu W, Zhang H, Wan S, Xie B, Song X. Genetic links between atopy, allergy, and alopecia areata: insights from a Mendelian randomization study. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 20:32. [PMID: 38678274 PMCID: PMC11055271 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-024-00892-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata (AA), a prevalent form of autoimmune hair loss, has a not well-defined relationship with atopic and allergic disorders, including eczema, hay fever, and asthma. OBJECTIVES This study aims to elucidate the genetic relationship between atopy, allergies, and alopecia areata (AA) using Mendelian randomization. We hypothesize that atopic and allergic conditions contribute to the genetic predisposition of AA. METHODS We analyzed extensive genetic data from Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) involving over one million individuals. This analysis focused on assessing the genetic correlation between AA and various allergic conditions, including hay fever, eczema, asthma, and allergies to pollen, dust, and cats. The inverse variance weighted method served as our primary analytical tool, complemented by sensitivity analyses to verify the robustness of our results. RESULTS Our findings reveal a significant genetic correlation between atopy/allergies and an increased risk of AA. Notably, strong associations were observed for hay fever, eczema, asthma, and specific allergies (pollen, dust, and cats). The sensitivity analyses corroborated these associations, reinforcing the reliability of our primary results. CONCLUSIONS This study provides compelling genetic evidence of an association between atopic and allergic conditions and the development of AA. These findings suggest that individuals with such conditions may benefit from enhanced surveillance for early signs of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Rd 866, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Cui J, Wang S, Zhai Z, Song X, Qiu T, Yu L, Zhai Q, Zhang H. Induction of autism-related behavior in male mice by early-life vitamin D deficiency: association with disruption of the gut microbial composition and homeostasis. Food Funct 2024; 15:4338-4353. [PMID: 38533674 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00279b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) during early life emerges as a potential risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Individuals with autism commonly exhibit lower vitamin D (VD) levels compared to the general population, and VD deficiency is prevalent during pregnancy and lactation. Moreover, gastrointestinal comorbidity, prevalent in ASD patients, correlates closely with disruptions in the gut microbiota and altered intestinal permeability. Therefore, it is fascinating and significant to explore the effects of maternal VD deficiency during pregnancy and lactation on the maturation of the gut microbiota of the offspring and its relevance to autism spectrum disorders. In this study, we established maternal pregnancy and lactation VD-deficient mouse models, employed shotgun macrogenomic sequencing to unveil alterations in the gut microbiome of offspring mice, and observed autism-related behaviours. Furthermore, fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) reversed repetitive and anxious behaviours and alleviated social deficits in offspring mice by modulating the gut microbiota and increasing short-chain fatty acid levels in the cecum, along with influencing the concentrations of claudin-1 and occludin in the colon. Our findings confirm that VDD during pregnancy and lactation is a risk factor for autism in the offspring, with disturbances in the structure and function of the offspring's gut microbiota contributing at least part of the effect. The study emphasises the importance of nutrition and gut health early in life. Simultaneously, this study further demonstrates the effect of VDD on ASD and provides potential ideas for early prevention and intervention of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Cui
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Child Health Care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Shumin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Zidan Zhai
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Child Health Care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaoyue Song
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Ting Qiu
- Department of Child Health Care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Child Health Care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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12
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Kim E, Huh JR, Choi GB. Prenatal and postnatal neuroimmune interactions in neurodevelopmental disorders. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:598-606. [PMID: 38565970 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The intricate relationship between immune dysregulation and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) has been observed across the stages of both prenatal and postnatal development. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of various maternal immune conditions, ranging from infections to chronic inflammatory conditions, that impact the neurodevelopment of the fetus during pregnancy. Furthermore, we examine the presence of immunological phenotypes, such as immune-related markers and coexisting immunological disorders, in individuals with NDDs. By delving into these findings, we shed light on the potential underlying mechanisms responsible for the high occurrence of immune dysregulation alongside NDDs. We also discuss current mouse models of NDDs and their contributions to our understanding of the immune mechanisms underlying these diseases. Additionally, we discuss how neuroimmune interactions contribute to shaping the manifestation of neurological phenotypes in individuals with NDDs while also exploring potential avenues for mitigating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunha Kim
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun R Huh
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gloria B Choi
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Hung LY, Margolis KG. Autism spectrum disorders and the gastrointestinal tract: insights into mechanisms and clinical relevance. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:142-163. [PMID: 38114585 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00857-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are recognized as central neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed by impairments in social interactions, communication and repetitive behaviours. The recognition of ASD as a central nervous system (CNS)-mediated neurobehavioural disorder has led most of the research in ASD to be focused on the CNS. However, gastrointestinal function is also likely to be affected owing to the neural mechanistic nature of ASD and the nervous system in the gastrointestinal tract (enteric nervous system). Thus, it is unsurprising that gastrointestinal disorders, particularly constipation, diarrhoea and abdominal pain, are highly comorbid in individuals with ASD. Gastrointestinal problems have also been repeatedly associated with increased severity of the core symptoms diagnostic of ASD and other centrally mediated comorbid conditions, including psychiatric issues, irritability, rigid-compulsive behaviours and aggression. Despite the high prevalence of gastrointestinal dysfunction in ASD and its associated behavioural comorbidities, the specific links between these two conditions have not been clearly delineated, and current data linking ASD to gastrointestinal dysfunction have not been extensively reviewed. This Review outlines the established and emerging clinical and preclinical evidence that emphasizes the gut as a novel mechanistic and potential therapeutic target for individuals with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Y Hung
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kara Gross Margolis
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine and Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine and Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Suprunowicz M, Tomaszek N, Urbaniak A, Zackiewicz K, Modzelewski S, Waszkiewicz N. Between Dysbiosis, Maternal Immune Activation and Autism: Is There a Common Pathway? Nutrients 2024; 16:549. [PMID: 38398873 PMCID: PMC10891846 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuropsychiatric condition characterized by impaired social interactions and repetitive stereotyped behaviors. Growing evidence highlights an important role of the gut-brain-microbiome axis in the pathogenesis of ASD. Research indicates an abnormal composition of the gut microbiome and the potential involvement of bacterial molecules in neuroinflammation and brain development disruptions. Concurrently, attention is directed towards the role of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and impaired intestinal tightness. This comprehensive review emphasizes the potential impact of maternal gut microbiota changes on the development of autism in children, especially considering maternal immune activation (MIA). The following paper evaluates the impact of the birth route on the colonization of the child with bacteria in the first weeks of life. Furthermore, it explores the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-17a and mother's obesity as potentially environmental factors of ASD. The purpose of this review is to advance our understanding of ASD pathogenesis, while also searching for the positive implications of the latest therapies, such as probiotics, prebiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation, targeting the gut microbiota and reducing inflammation. This review aims to provide valuable insights that could instruct future studies and treatments for individuals affected by ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Modzelewski
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, pl. Wołodyjowskiego 2, 15-272 Białystok, Poland; (M.S.); (N.T.); (A.U.); (K.Z.); (N.W.)
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15
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Ma JY, Xia TJ, Li S, Yin S, Luo SM, Li G. Germline cell de novo mutations and potential effects of inflammation on germline cell genome stability. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:316-327. [PMID: 36376195 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled pathogenic genome mutations in germline cells might impair adult fertility, lead to birth defects or even affect the adaptability of a species. Understanding the sources of DNA damage, as well as the features of damage response in germline cells are the overarching tasks to reduce the mutations in germline cells. With the accumulation of human genome data and genetic reports, genome variants formed in germline cells are being extensively explored. However, the sources of DNA damage, the damage repair mechanisms, and the effects of DNA damage or mutations on the development of germline cells are still unclear. Besides exogenous triggers of DNA damage such as irradiation and genotoxic chemicals, endogenous exposure to inflammation may also contribute to the genome instability of germline cells. In this review, we summarized the features of de novo mutations and the specific DNA damage responses in germline cells and explored the possible roles of inflammation on the genome stability of germline cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yu Ma
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tian-Jin Xia
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China; College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shen Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Shi-Ming Luo
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guowei Li
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
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16
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Wu K, Luo Q, Liu Y, Li A, Xia D, Sun X. Causal relationship between gut microbiota and gastrointestinal diseases: a mendelian randomization study. J Transl Med 2024; 22:92. [PMID: 38263233 PMCID: PMC10804519 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04894-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research increasingly highlights a strong correlation between gut microbiota and the risk of gastrointestinal diseases. However, whether this relationship is causal or merely coincidental remains uncertain. To address this, a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was undertaken to explore the connections between gut microbiota and prevalent gastrointestinal diseases. METHODS Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for gut microbiota, encompassing a diverse range of 211 taxa (131 genera, 35 families, 20 orders, 16 classes, and 9 phyla), were sourced from the comprehensive MiBioGen study. Genetic associations with 22 gastrointestinal diseases were gathered from the UK Biobank, FinnGen study, and various extensive GWAS studies. MR analysis was meticulously conducted to assess the causal relationship between genetically predicted gut microbiota and these gastrointestinal diseases. To validate the reliability of our findings, sensitivity analyses and tests for heterogeneity were systematically performed. RESULTS The MR analysis yielded significant evidence for 251 causal relationships between genetically predicted gut microbiota and the risk of gastrointestinal diseases. This included 98 associations with upper gastrointestinal diseases, 81 with lower gastrointestinal diseases, 54 with hepatobiliary diseases, and 18 with pancreatic diseases. Notably, these associations were particularly evident in taxa belonging to the genera Ruminococcus and Eubacterium. Further sensitivity analyses reinforced the robustness of these results. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicate a potential genetic predisposition linking gut microbiota to gastrointestinal diseases. These insights pave the way for designing future clinical trials focusing on microbiome-related interventions, including the use of microbiome-dependent metabolites, to potentially treat or manage gastrointestinal diseases and their associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aoshuang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Demeng Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaobin Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Chen HD, Li L, Yu F, Ma ZS. A comprehensive diversity analysis on the gut microbiomes of ASD patients: from alpha, beta to gamma diversities. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2024; 371:fnae014. [PMID: 38419294 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is estimated to influence as many as 1% children worldwide, but its etiology is still unclear. It has been suggested that gut microbiomes play an important role in regulating abnormal behaviors associated with ASD. A de facto standard analysis on the microbiome-associated diseases has been diversity analysis, and nevertheless, existing studies on ASD-microbiome relationship have not produced a consensus. Here, we perform a comprehensive analysis of the diversity changes associated with ASD involving alpha-, beta-, and gamma-diversity metrics, based on 8 published data sets consisting of 898 ASD samples and 467 healthy controls (HC) from 16S-rRNA sequencing. Our findings include: (i) In terms of alpha-diversity, in approximately 1/3 of the studies cases, ASD patients exhibited significantly higher alpha-diversity than the HC, which seems to be consistent with the "1/3 conjecture" of diversity-disease relationship (DDR). (ii) In terms of beta-diversity, the AKP (Anna Karenina principle) that predict all healthy microbiomes should be similar, and every diseased microbiome should be dissimilar in its own way seems to be true in approximately 1/2 to 3/4 studies cases. (iii) In terms of gamma-diversity, the DAR (diversity-area relationship) modeling suggests that ASD patients seem to have large diversity-area scaling parameter than the HC, which is consistent with the AKP results. However, the MAD (maximum accrual diversity) and RIP (ratio of individual to population diversity) parameters did not suggest significant differences between ASD patients and HC. Throughout the study, we adopted Hill numbers to measure diversity, which stratified the diversity measures in terms of the rarity-commonness-dominance spectrum. It appears that the differences between ASD patients and HC are more propounding on rare-species side than on dominant-species side. Finally, we discuss the apparent inconsistent diversity-ASD relationships among different case studies and postulate that the relationships are not monotonic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongju Daisy Chen
- Computational Biology and Medical Ecology Lab, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Lianwei Li
- Computational Biology and Medical Ecology Lab, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Fubing Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhanshan Sam Ma
- Computational Biology and Medical Ecology Lab, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Li H, Liu C, Huang S, Wang X, Cao M, Gu T, Ou X, Pan S, Lin Z, Wang X, Zhu Y, Jing J. Multi-omics analyses demonstrate the modulating role of gut microbiota on the associations of unbalanced dietary intake with gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2281350. [PMID: 38010793 PMCID: PMC10730204 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2281350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous work revealed that unbalanced dietary intake was an important independent factor associated with constipation and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Growing evidence has shown the alterations in the gut microbiota and gut microbiota-derived metabolites in ASD. However, how the altered microbiota might affect the associations between unbalanced diets and GI symptoms in ASD remains unknown. We analyzed microbiome and metabolomics data in 90 ASD and 90 typically developing (TD) children based on 16S rRNA and untargeted metabolomics, together with dietary intake and GI symptoms assessment. We found that there existed 11 altered gut microbiota (FDR-corrected P-value <0.05) and 397 altered metabolites (P-value <0.05) in children with ASD compared with TD children. Among the 11 altered microbiota, the Turicibacter, Coprococcus 1, and Lachnospiraceae FCS020 group were positively correlated with constipation (FDR-corrected P-value <0.25). The Eggerthellaceae was positively correlated with total GI symptoms (FDR-corrected P-value <0.25). More importantly, three increased microbiota including Turicibacter, Coprococcus 1, and Eggerthellaceae positively modulated the associations of unbalanced dietary intake with constipation and total GI symptoms, and the decreased Clostridium sp. BR31 negatively modulated their associations in ASD children (P-value <0.05). Together, the altered microbiota strengthens the relationship between unbalanced dietary intake and GI symptoms. Among the altered metabolites, ten metabolites derived from microbiota (Turicibacter, Coprococcus 1, Eggerthellaceae, and Clostridium sp. BR31) were screened out, enriched in eight metabolic pathways, and were identified to correlate with constipation and total GI symptoms in ASD children (FDR-corrected P-value <0.25). These metabolomics findings further support the modulating role of gut microbiota on the associations of unbalanced dietary intake with GI symptoms. Collectively, our research provides insights into the relationship between diet, the gut microbiota, and GI symptoms in children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Churui Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Saijun Huang
- Department of Child Healthcare, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Science, Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Muqing Cao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingfeng Gu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Ou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuolin Pan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zongyu Lin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanna Zhu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Yang X, Yang L, Zhang T, Zhang H, Chen H, Zuo X. Causal atlas between inflammatory bowel disease and mental disorders: a bi-directional 2-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1267834. [PMID: 37901213 PMCID: PMC10611497 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1267834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The brain-gut axis link has attracted increasing attention, with observational studies suggesting that the relationship between common mental disorders and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may run in both directions. However, so far, it is not clear whether there is causality and in which direction. Methods We conducted a bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian randomization study to investigate the relationship between IBD, including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and mental disorders, using summary-level GWAS data. The main analysis was the inverse variance weighted method. IBD (including CD and UC), and nine mental disorders were used as both exposures and outcomes. Results We found that UC could significantly lead to obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder, with odds ratio (OR) of 1.245 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.069-1.450; P=0.008), 1.050 (95%CI: 1.023-1.077; P=2.42×10-4), and 1.041 (95%CI: 1.015-1.068; P=0.002) respectively. In addition, we found that bipolar disorder and schizophrenia could increase the odds of IBD, with OR values of 1.138 (95%CI: 1.084-1.194; P=1.9×10-7), and 1.115 (95%CI: 1.071-1.161; P=1.12×10-7), respectively. Our results also indicate that obsessive-compulsive disorder could lead to IBD, especially for UC, with OR values of 1.091 (95%CI: 1.024-1.162; P=0.009), and 1.124 (95%CI: 1.041-1.214; P=0.004), respectively. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the brain-gut axis involves the association between IBD, especially UC, and some mental disorders, which guides the targeted prevention, management, and mechanism exploration of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lejin Yang
- Department of Psychology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tongchao Zhang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuli Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Zhu J, Meng H, Zhang L, Li Y. Exploring the molecular mechanism of comorbidity of autism spectrum disorder and inflammatory bowel disease by combining multiple data sets. J Transl Med 2023; 21:372. [PMID: 37291580 PMCID: PMC10249282 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is difficult to diagnose. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common chronic digestive disease. Previous studies have shown a potential correlation between ASD and IBD, but the pathophysiological mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this research was to examine the biological mechanisms underlying the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of ASD and IBD using bioinformatics tools. METHODS Limma software was used to evaluate the DEGs between ASD and IBD. The GSE3365, GSE18123, and GSE150115 microarray data sets were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We then performed 6 analyses, namely, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional annotation; weighted gene coexpression network analysis; correlation analysis of hub genes with autophagy, ferroptosis and immunity; transcriptional regulation analysis of hub genes; single-cell sequencing analysis; and potential therapeutic drug prediction. RESULTS A total of 505 DEGs associated with ASD and 616 DEGs associated with IBD were identified, and 7 genes overlapped between these sets. GO and KEGG analyses revealed several pathways enriched in both diseases. A total of 98 common genes related to ASD and IBD were identified by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), and 4 hub genes were obtained by intersection with the 7 intersecting DEGs, which were PDGFC, CA2, GUCY1B3 and SDPR. We also found that 4 hub genes in the two diseases were related to autophagy, ferroptosis or immune factors. In addition, motif-TF annotation analysis showed that cisbp__M0080 was the most relevant motif. We also used the Connectivity Map (CMap) database to identify 4 potential therapeutic agents. CONCLUSION This research reveals the shared pathogenesis of ASD and IBD. In the future, these common hub genes may provide new targets for further mechanistic research as well as new therapies for patients with ASD and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Zhu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Haoran Meng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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21
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Hu J, Chen X, Luo Y, Yang J, Zeng Q, Luo W, Shu X, Cheng Q, Gong L, Wang Z, Li Q, Yang S. Renin-independent aldosteronism and chronic kidney disease in diabetes: Observational and Mendelian randomization analyses. Metabolism 2023:155593. [PMID: 37236301 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renin-independent aldosteronism (RIA) describes the spectrum of autonomous aldosterone secretion from mild to overt. We aimed to explore whether RIA is causally associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with diabetes. METHODS We cross-sectionally included 1027, 402 and 39,709 patients with any type of diabetes from cohorts of EIMDS, CONPASS and UK Biobank, respectively. In EIMDS, we defined RIA and renin-dependent aldosteronism based on plasma aldosterone and renin concentrations. We performed captopril challenge test to confirm renin-dependent or independent aldosteronism in CONPASS. In UK Biobank, we generated genetic instruments for RIA based on the genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We extracted the corresponding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) information from the GWAS data of CKD in diabetes. We harmonized the SNP-RIA and SNP-CKD data to conduct the two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses. FINDINGS In EIMDS and CONPASS, when compared to subjects with normal aldosterone concentration or renin-dependent aldosteronism, participants with RIA had a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, a higher prevalence of CKD, and a higher multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of CKD (OR 2.62 [95%CI 1.09-6.32] in EIMDS, and 4.31 [1.39-13.35] in CONPASS). The two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis indicated that RIA was significantly associated with a higher risk of CKD (inverse variance weighted OR 1.10 [95 % CI 1.05-1.14]), with no evidence of significant heterogeneity or substantial directional pleiotropy. INTERPRETATION Among patients with diabetes, renin-independent aldosteronism is causally associated with a higher risk of CKD. Targeted treatment of autonomous aldosterone secretion may benefit renal function in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, Bishan hospital of Chongqing medical university, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qinglian Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjin Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Qingfeng Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lilin Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Qifu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Shumin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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22
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Dietary fish oil improves autistic behaviors and gut homeostasis by altering the gut microbial composition in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 110:140-151. [PMID: 36858183 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited intellectual disability, caused by a lack of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders frequently experience gastrointestinal problems that are primarily linked to gut microbial dysbiosis, inflammation, and increased intestinal permeability. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) are non-pharmacological agents that exert potential therapeutic effects against neurological disorders. However, it is unclear whether omega-3 PUFAs improve autistic behaviors in fragile X syndrome (FXS) by altering the gut microbial composition. Here, we describe gastrointestinal problems in Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice. FMRP deficiency causes intestinal homeostasis dysfunction in mice. Fish oil (FO) as a source of omega-3 PUFAs reduces intestinal inflammation but increases the mRNA and protein levels of TJP3 in the colon of juvenile Fmr1 KO mice. Fecal microbiota transplantation from FO-fed Fmr1 KO mice increased the gut abundance of Akkermansia and Gordonibacter in recipient Fmr1 KO mice and improved gut homeostasis and autistic behaviors. Our findings demonstrate that omega-3 PUFAs improve autistic behaviors and gut homeostasis in FMRP-deficient mice by suppressing gut microbiota dysbiosis, thereby presenting a novel therapeutic approach for juvenile FXS treatment.
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23
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Gong W, Guo P, Li Y, Liu L, Yan R, Liu S, Wang S, Xue F, Zhou X, Yuan Z. Role of the Gut-Brain Axis in the Shared Genetic Etiology Between Gastrointestinal Tract Diseases and Psychiatric Disorders: A Genome-Wide Pleiotropic Analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 2023; 80:360-370. [PMID: 36753304 PMCID: PMC9909581 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.4974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Comorbidities and genetic correlations between gastrointestinal tract diseases and psychiatric disorders have been widely reported, with the gut-brain axis (GBA) hypothesized as a potential biological basis. However, the degree to which the shared genetic determinants are involved in these associations underlying the GBA is unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the shared genetic etiology between gastrointestinal tract diseases and psychiatric disorders and to identify shared genomic loci, genes, and pathways. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This genome-wide pleiotropic association study using genome-wide association summary statistics from publicly available data sources was performed with various statistical genetic approaches to sequentially investigate the pleiotropic associations from genome-wide single-nucleotide variation (SNV; formerly single-nucleotide polymorphism [SNP]), and gene levels and biological pathways to disentangle the underlying shared genetic etiology between 4 gastrointestinal tract diseases (inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, peptic ulcer disease, and gastroesophageal reflux disease) and 6 psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and anorexia nervosa). Data were collected from March 10, 2021, to August 25, 2021, and analysis was performed from January 8 through May 30, 2022. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcomes consisted of a list of genetic loci, genes, and pathways shared between gastrointestinal tract diseases and psychiatric disorders. RESULTS Extensive genetic correlations and genetic overlaps were found among 22 of 24 trait pairs. Pleiotropic analysis under a composite null hypothesis identified 2910 significant potential pleiotropic SNVs in 19 trait pairs, with 83 pleiotropic loci and 24 colocalized loci detected. Gene-based analysis found 158 unique candidate pleiotropic genes, which were highly enriched in certain GBA-related phenotypes and tissues, whereas pathway enrichment analysis further highlighted biological pathways primarily involving cell adhesion, synaptic structure and function, and immune cell differentiation. Several identified pleiotropic loci also shared causal variants with gut microbiomes. Mendelian randomization analysis further illustrated vertical pleiotropy across 8 pairwise traits. Notably, many pleiotropic loci were identified for multiple pairwise traits, such as 1q32.1 (INAVA), 19q13.33 (FUT2), 11q23.2 (NCAM1), and 1p32.3 (LRP8). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that the pleiotropic genetic determinants between gastrointestinal tract diseases and psychiatric disorders are extensively distributed across the genome. These findings not only support the shared genetic basis underlying the GBA but also have important implications for intervention and treatment targets of these diseases simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Gong
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Guo
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanming Li
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Jinan, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ran Yan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shukang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Zhongshang Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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24
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Lipkin WI, Bresnahan M, Susser E. Cohort-guided insights into gene-environment interactions in autism spectrum disorders. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:118-125. [PMID: 36646930 PMCID: PMC9841497 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-022-00764-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Prospective birth cohorts offer unprecedented opportunities to investigate the pathogenesis of complex disorders such as autism, in which gene-environment interactions must be appreciated in a temporal context. This Perspective article considers the history of autism research, including missteps that reflected an incomplete understanding of the epidemiology of autistic spectrum disorders, the effects of advocacy and philanthropy on the trajectory of scientific inquiry, and the current and future roles of prospective birth cohort research in illuminating the pathology of these and other complex disorders wherein exposures during gestation might not manifest until later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ian Lipkin
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Michaeline Bresnahan
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ezra Susser
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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25
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Nevriana A, Pierce M, Abel KM, Rossides M, Wicks S, Dalman C, Kosidou K. Association between parental mental illness and autoimmune diseases in the offspring - A nationwide register-based cohort study in Sweden. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 151:122-130. [PMID: 35477076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mental illness has been previously linked with autoimmune diseases, yet the associations between parental mental illness and offspring's risk of autoimmune diseases is largely unknown. We conducted a population-based cohort study of 2,192,490 Swedish children born between 1991 and 2011 and their parents to determine the associations between parental mental illness and risk of autoimmune diseases among the offspring. Time-dependent diagnoses of parental mental illness (psychosis, alcohol/drug misuse, depression, anxiety, eating disorders, personality disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder) and offspring autoimmune diseases (type 1 diabetes (T1D), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), coeliac disease) were identified from inpatient/outpatient healthcare visits. Associations were measured by hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for potential confounders. Overall, parental mental illness was associated with a small increase in risk of offspring's autoimmune diseases (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02-1.08). However, parental common mental disorder (anxiety/depression) was associated with higher risk of JIA, psoriasis, and T1D (HR T1D 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.22), while maternal psychosis with reduced risk of coeliac disease (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.49-0.95) and paternal alcohol/drug misuse with reduced risk of IBD (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.64-0.99). Maternal eating disorders were associated with a markedly increased risk for T1D (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.05-1.89). Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to understand underlying mechanisms. There is a need for greater clinical awareness about potential risk of JIA, psoriasis, and T1D among children of parents with common psychiatric morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Nevriana
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Matthias Pierce
- Centre for Women's Mental Health, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn M Abel
- Centre for Women's Mental Health, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M25 3BL, United Kingdom
| | - Marios Rossides
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden; Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Wicks
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm Region, 104 31, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Dalman
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm Region, 104 31, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kyriaki Kosidou
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm Region, 104 31, Stockholm, Sweden
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