1
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Liu W, Ayupova T, Wang W, Shepherd S, Wang X, Akin LD, Kohli M, Demirci U, Cunningham BT. Dynamic and large field of view photonic resonator absorption microscopy for ultrasensitive digital resolution detection of nucleic acid and protein biomarkers. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 264:116643. [PMID: 39146773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe a biosensing instrument based on our previously developed photonic resonator absorption microscope (PRAM) that incorporates autofocus, digital representation of the gold nanoparticle (AuNP) accumulation, and the ability to gather time-series image sequences of AuNP attachment and detachment from the photonic crystal (PC) surface. The combined capabilities are used to fully automate PRAM image collection during biomolecular assays to enable tiling of PRAM images to provide millimeter-scale field of view. The instrument can also gather PRAM "movies" that enables digital showcasing and dynamic counting AuNPs as they arrive and depart from the PC surface. We utilize the capabilities in the context of two biomolecular assays for detection of protein biomarkers in a conventional AuNP-tagged sandwich format. Utilizing dynamic counting of AuNP attachment and detachment events during the assay we present a detection for microRNA-375 (miRNA-375) down to 1 aM with a 10-min, room temperature, enzyme-free approach, while revealing characteristics of the binding-rate and unbinding-rate of the biomolecular interactions. Our instrument can potentially find broad applications in multiplexed point-of-care diagnostic testing, and as a general-purpose tool for quantitative characterization of biomolecular binding kinetics with single-molecule resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Takhmina Ayupova
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Weijing Wang
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Skye Shepherd
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Lucas D Akin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Manish Kohli
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Department of Radiology, Department of Electrical Engineering (by Courtesy), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Brian T Cunningham
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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2
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Viar GA, Pigino G. Tubulin posttranslational modifications through the lens of new technologies. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 88:102362. [PMID: 38701611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The Tubulin Code revolutionizes our understanding of microtubule dynamics and functions, proposing a nuanced system governed by tubulin isotypes, posttranslational modifications (PTMs) and microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). Tubulin isotypes, diverse across species, contribute structural complexity, and are thought to influence microtubule functions. PTMs encode dynamic information on microtubules, which are read by several microtubule interacting proteins and impact on cellular processes. Here we discuss recent technological and methodological advances, such as in genome engineering, live cell imaging, expansion microscopy, and cryo-electron microscopy that reveal new elements and levels of complexity of the tubulin code, including new modifying enzymes and nanopatterns of PTMs on individual microtubules. The Tubulin Code's exploration holds transformative potential, guiding therapeutic strategies and illuminating connections to diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, underscoring its relevance in decoding fundamental cellular language.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaia Pigino
- Human Technopole, via Rita Levi Montalcini 1, Milan, Italy.
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3
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Xu N, Bohndiek SE, Li Z, Zhang C, Tan Q. Mechanical-scan-free multicolor super-resolution imaging with diffractive spot array illumination. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4135. [PMID: 38755150 PMCID: PMC11099116 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Point-scanning microscopy approaches are transforming super-resolution imaging. Despite achieving parallel high-speed imaging using multifocal techniques, efficient multicolor imaging methods with high-quality illumination are currently lacking. In this paper, we present for the first time Mechanical-scan-free multiColor Super-resolution Microscopy (MCoSM) with spot array illumination, which enables mechanical-scan-free super-resolution imaging with adjustable resolution and a good effective field-of-view based on spatial light modulators. Through 100-2,500 s super-resolution spot illumination with different effective fields of view for imaging, we demonstrate the adjustable capacity of MCoSM. MCoSM extends existing spectral imaging capabilities through a time-sharing process involving different color illumination with phase-shift scanning while retaining the spatial flexibility of super-resolution imaging with diffractive spot array illumination. To demonstrate the prospects of MCoSM, we perform four-color imaging of fluorescent beads at high resolution. MCoSM provides a versatile platform for studying molecular interactions in complex samples at the nanoscale level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Zexing Li
- Department of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge, CB3 0WB, UK
| | - Cilong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiaofeng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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4
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Henschke S, Nolte H, Magoley J, Kleele T, Brandt C, Hausen AC, Wunderlich CM, Bauder CA, Aschauer P, Manley S, Langer T, Wunderlich FT, Brüning JC. Food perception promotes phosphorylation of MFFS131 and mitochondrial fragmentation in liver. Science 2024; 384:438-446. [PMID: 38662831 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Liver mitochondria play a central role in metabolic adaptations to changing nutritional states, yet their dynamic regulation upon anticipated changes in nutrient availability has remained unaddressed. Here, we found that sensory food perception rapidly induced mitochondrial fragmentation in the liver through protein kinase B/AKT (AKT)-dependent phosphorylation of serine 131 of the mitochondrial fission factor (MFFS131). This response was mediated by activation of hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing neurons. A nonphosphorylatable MFFS131G knock-in mutation abrogated AKT-induced mitochondrial fragmentation in vitro. In vivo, MFFS131G knock-in mice displayed altered liver mitochondrial dynamics and impaired insulin-stimulated suppression of hepatic glucose production. Thus, rapid activation of a hypothalamus-liver axis can adapt mitochondrial function to anticipated changes of nutritional state in control of hepatic glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinika Henschke
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Judith Magoley
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kleele
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claus Brandt
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Christine Hausen
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claudia M Wunderlich
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Corinna A Bauder
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Aschauer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Suliana Manley
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Langer
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - F Thomas Wunderlich
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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5
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Fry MY, Navarro PP, Hakim P, Ananda VY, Qin X, Landoni JC, Rath S, Inde Z, Lugo CM, Luce BE, Ge Y, McDonald JL, Ali I, Ha LL, Kleinstiver BP, Chan DC, Sarosiek KA, Chao LH. In situ architecture of Opa1-dependent mitochondrial cristae remodeling. EMBO J 2024; 43:391-413. [PMID: 38225406 PMCID: PMC10897290 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cristae membrane state plays a central role in regulating mitochondrial function and cellular metabolism. The protein Optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) is an important crista remodeler that exists as two forms in the mitochondrion, a membrane-anchored long form (l-Opa1) and a processed short form (s-Opa1). The mechanisms for how Opa1 influences cristae shape have remained unclear due to lack of native three-dimensional views of cristae. We perform in situ cryo-electron tomography of cryo-focused ion beam milled mouse embryonic fibroblasts with defined Opa1 states to understand how each form of Opa1 influences cristae architecture. In our tomograms, we observe a variety of cristae shapes with distinct trends dependent on s-Opa1:l-Opa1 balance. Increased l-Opa1 levels promote cristae stacking and elongated mitochondria, while increased s-Opa1 levels correlated with irregular cristae packing and round mitochondria shape. Functional assays indicate a role for l-Opa1 in wild-type apoptotic and calcium handling responses, and show a compromised respiratory function under Opa1 imbalance. In summary, we provide three-dimensional visualization of cristae architecture to reveal relationships between mitochondrial ultrastructure and cellular function dependent on Opa1-mediated membrane remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Y Fry
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paula P Navarro
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pusparanee Hakim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Virly Y Ananda
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xingping Qin
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences (MIPS) Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Lab of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juan C Landoni
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sneha Rath
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zintis Inde
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences (MIPS) Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Lab of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Bridget E Luce
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yifan Ge
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Julie L McDonald
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ilzat Ali
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leillani L Ha
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin P Kleinstiver
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Chan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Kristopher A Sarosiek
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences (MIPS) Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Lab of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luke H Chao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Ataka M, Otomo K, Enoki R, Ishii H, Tsutsumi M, Kozawa Y, Sato S, Nemoto T. Multibeam continuous axial scanning two-photon microscopy for in vivo volumetric imaging in mouse brain. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:1089-1101. [PMID: 38404301 PMCID: PMC10890896 DOI: 10.1364/boe.514826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
This study presents an alternative approach for two-photon volumetric imaging that combines multibeam lateral scanning with continuous axial scanning using a confocal spinning-disk scanner and an electrically focus tunable lens. Using this proposed system, the brain of a living mouse could be imaged at a penetration depth of over 450 μm from the surface. In vivo volumetric Ca2+ imaging at a volume rate of 1.5 Hz within a depth range of 130-200 μm, was segmented with an axial pitch of approximately 5-µm and revealed spontaneous activity of neurons with their 3D positions. This study offers a practical microscope design equipped with compact scanners, a simple control system, and readily adjustable imaging parameters, which is crucial for the widespread adoption of two-photon volumetric imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Ataka
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kohei Otomo
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Enoki
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- School of Life Sciences, The Graduate School of Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ishii
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- School of Life Sciences, The Graduate School of Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Motosuke Tsutsumi
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- School of Life Sciences, The Graduate School of Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kozawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shunichi Sato
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nemoto
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- School of Life Sciences, The Graduate School of Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
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7
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Day JH, Della Santina CM, Maretich P, Auld AL, Schnieder KK, Shin T, Boyden ES, Boyer LA. HiExM: high-throughput expansion microscopy enables scalable super-resolution imaging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.02.07.527509. [PMID: 36798312 PMCID: PMC9934540 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.07.527509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Expansion microscopy (ExM) enables nanoscale imaging using a standard confocal microscope through the physical, isotropic expansion of fixed immunolabeled specimens. ExM is widely employed to image proteins, nucleic acids, and lipid membranes in single cells at nanoscale resolution; however, current methods cannot be performed in multi-well cell culture plates which limits the number of samples that can be processed simultaneously. We developed High-throughput Expansion Microscopy (HiExM), a robust platform that enables expansion microscopy of cells cultured in a standard 96-well plate. Our method enables consistent ~4.2x expansion within individual wells, across multiple wells, and between plates processed in parallel. We also demonstrate that HiExM can be combined with high-throughput confocal imaging platforms greatly improve the ease and scalability of image acquisition. As an example, we analyzed the effects of doxorubicin, a known cardiotoxic agent, in human cardiomyocytes (CMs) based on Hoechst signal intensity. We show a dose dependent effect on nuclear chromatin that is not observed in unexpanded CMs, suggesting that HiExM improves the detection of cellular phenotypes in response to drug treatment. Our method broadens the application of ExM as a tool for scalable super-resolution imaging in biological research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H. Day
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Catherine Marin Della Santina
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Pema Maretich
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Alexander L. Auld
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Kirsten K. Schnieder
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Tay Shin
- Department of Media Arts and Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Edward S. Boyden
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Department of Media Arts and Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- McGovern Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- K Lisa Yang Center for Bionics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Center for Neurobiological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Laurie A. Boyer
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
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8
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Louvel V, Haase R, Mercey O, Laporte MH, Eloy T, Baudrier É, Fortun D, Soldati-Favre D, Hamel V, Guichard P. iU-ExM: nanoscopy of organelles and tissues with iterative ultrastructure expansion microscopy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7893. [PMID: 38036510 PMCID: PMC10689735 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Expansion microscopy (ExM) is a highly effective technique for super-resolution fluorescence microscopy that enables imaging of biological samples beyond the diffraction limit with conventional fluorescence microscopes. Despite the development of several enhanced protocols, ExM has not yet demonstrated the ability to achieve the precision of nanoscopy techniques such as Single Molecule Localization Microscopy (SMLM). Here, to address this limitation, we have developed an iterative ultrastructure expansion microscopy (iU-ExM) approach that achieves SMLM-level resolution. With iU-ExM, it is now possible to visualize the molecular architecture of gold-standard samples, such as the eight-fold symmetry of nuclear pores or the molecular organization of the conoid in Apicomplexa. With its wide-ranging applications, from isolated organelles to cells and tissue, iU-ExM opens new super-resolution avenues for scientists studying biological structures and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Louvel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Romuald Haase
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Mercey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marine H Laporte
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thibaut Eloy
- ICube - UMR7357, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Étienne Baudrier
- ICube - UMR7357, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Denis Fortun
- ICube - UMR7357, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dominique Soldati-Favre
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Hamel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Paul Guichard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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9
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McKenna ED, Sarbanes SL, Cummings SW, Roll-Mecak A. The Tubulin Code, from Molecules to Health and Disease. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2023; 39:331-361. [PMID: 37843925 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-030123-032748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are essential dynamic polymers composed of α/β-tubulin heterodimers. They support intracellular trafficking, cell division, cellular motility, and other essential cellular processes. In many species, both α-tubulin and β-tubulin are encoded by multiple genes with distinct expression profiles and functionality. Microtubules are further diversified through abundant posttranslational modifications, which are added and removed by a suite of enzymes to form complex, stereotyped cellular arrays. The genetic and chemical diversity of tubulin constitute a tubulin code that regulates intrinsic microtubule properties and is read by cellular effectors, such as molecular motors and microtubule-associated proteins, to provide spatial and temporal specificity to microtubules in cells. In this review, we synthesize the rapidly expanding tubulin code literature and highlight limitations and opportunities for the field. As complex microtubule arrays underlie essential physiological processes, a better understanding of how cells employ the tubulin code has important implications for human disease ranging from cancer to neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D McKenna
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA;
| | - Stephanie L Sarbanes
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA;
| | - Steven W Cummings
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA;
| | - Antonina Roll-Mecak
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA;
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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10
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Laporte MH, Bertiaux É, Hamel V, Guichard P. [Closer to the native architecture of the cell using Cryo-ExM]. Med Sci (Paris) 2023; 39:351-358. [PMID: 37094268 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cellular imaging techniques, such as light or electron microscopy, require that the biological sample is first fixed by chemical cross-linking agents. This necessary step is also known to damage molecular nanostructures or even sub-cellular organization. To overcome this problem, another fixation approach was invented more than 40 years ago, which consists in cryo-fixing biological samples, thus allowing to preserve their native state. However, this method has been scarcely used in light microscopy due to the complexity of its implementation. In this review, we present a recently developed super-resolution method called expansion microscopy, which, when coupled with cryo-fixation, allows to visualize at a nanometric resolution the cell architecture as close as possible to its native state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine H Laporte
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Université de Genève, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Genève, Suisse
| | - Éloïse Bertiaux
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Université de Genève, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Genève, Suisse
| | - Virginie Hamel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Université de Genève, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Genève, Suisse
| | - Paul Guichard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Université de Genève, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Genève, Suisse
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11
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Field-dependent deep learning enables high-throughput whole-cell 3D super-resolution imaging. Nat Methods 2023; 20:459-468. [PMID: 36823335 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01775-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy in a typical wide-field setup has been widely used for investigating subcellular structures with super resolution; however, field-dependent aberrations restrict the field of view (FOV) to only tens of micrometers. Here, we present a deep-learning method for precise localization of spatially variant point emitters (FD-DeepLoc) over a large FOV covering the full chip of a modern sCMOS camera. Using a graphic processing unit-based vectorial point spread function (PSF) fitter, we can fast and accurately model the spatially variant PSF of a high numerical aperture objective in the entire FOV. Combined with deformable mirror-based optimal PSF engineering, we demonstrate high-accuracy three-dimensional single-molecule localization microscopy over a volume of ~180 × 180 × 5 μm3, allowing us to image mitochondria and nuclear pore complexes in entire cells in a single imaging cycle without hardware scanning; a 100-fold increase in throughput compared to the state of the art.
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12
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Luo T, Yuan J, Chang J, Dai Y, Gong H, Luo Q, Yang X. Resolution and uniformity improvement of parallel confocal microscopy based on microlens arrays and a spatial light modulator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:4537-4552. [PMID: 36785419 DOI: 10.1364/oe.478820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In traditional fluorescence microscopy, it is hard to achieve a large uniform imaging field with high resolution. In this manuscript, we developed a confocal fluorescence microscope combining the microlens array with spatial light modulator to address this issue. In our system, a multi-spot array generated by a spatial light modulator passes through the microlens array to form an optical probe array. Then multi-spot adaptive pixel-reassignment method for image scanning microscopy (MAPR-ISM) will be introduced in this parallelized imaging to improve spatial resolution. To generate a uniform image, we employ an optimized double weighted Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm (ODWGS) using signal feedback from the camera. We have built a prototype system with a FOV of 3.5 mm × 3.5 mm illuminated by 2500 confocal points. The system provides a lateral resolution of ∼0.82 µm with ∼1.6 times resolution enhancement after ISM processing. And the nonuniformity across the whole imaging field is 3%. Experimental results of fluorescent beads, mouse brain slices and melanoma slices are presented to validate the applicability and effectiveness of our system.
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13
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Fiber-based 3D nano-printed holography with individually phase-engineered remote points. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20920. [PMID: 36463325 PMCID: PMC9719565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of tailored light fields with spatially controlled intensity and phase distribution is essential in many areas of science and application, while creating such patterns remotely has recently defined a key challenge. Here, we present a fiber-compatible concept for the remote generation of complex multi-foci three-dimensional intensity patterns with adjusted relative phases between individual foci. By extending the well-known Huygens principle, we demonstrate, in simulations and experiments, that our interference-based approach enables controlling of both intensity and phase of individual focal points in an array of spots distributed in all three spatial directions. Holograms were implemented using 3D nano-printing on planar substrates and optical fibers, showing excellent agreement between design and implemented structures. In addition to planar substrates, holograms were also generated on modified single-mode fibers, creating intensity distributions consisting of about 200 individual foci distributed over multiple image planes. The presented scheme yields an innovative pathway for phase-controlled 3D digital holography over remote distances, yielding an enormous potential application in fields such as quantum technology, life sciences, bioanalytics and telecommunications. Overall, all fields requiring precise excitation of higher-order optical resonances, including nanophotonics, fiber optics and waveguide technology, will benefit from the concept.
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14
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Merino-Casallo F, Gomez-Benito MJ, Hervas-Raluy S, Garcia-Aznar JM. Unravelling cell migration: defining movement from the cell surface. Cell Adh Migr 2022; 16:25-64. [PMID: 35499121 PMCID: PMC9067518 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2022.2055520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell motility is essential for life and development. Unfortunately, cell migration is also linked to several pathological processes, such as cancer metastasis. Cells' ability to migrate relies on many actors. Cells change their migratory strategy based on their phenotype and the properties of the surrounding microenvironment. Cell migration is, therefore, an extremely complex phenomenon. Researchers have investigated cell motility for more than a century. Recent discoveries have uncovered some of the mysteries associated with the mechanisms involved in cell migration, such as intracellular signaling and cell mechanics. These findings involve different players, including transmembrane receptors, adhesive complexes, cytoskeletal components , the nucleus, and the extracellular matrix. This review aims to give a global overview of our current understanding of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Merino-Casallo
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering (M2BE), Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Gomez-Benito
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering (M2BE), Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Hervas-Raluy
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering (M2BE), Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Garcia-Aznar
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering (M2BE), Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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15
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Casas Moreno X, Pennacchietti F, Minet G, Damenti M, Ollech D, Barabas F, Testa I. Multi-foci parallelised RESOLFT nanoscopy in an extended field-of-view. J Microsc 2022. [PMID: 36377300 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Live-cell imaging of biological structures at high resolution poses challenges in the microscope throughput regarding area and speed. For this reason, different parallelisation strategies have been implemented in coordinate- and stochastic-targeted switching super-resolution microscopy techniques. In this line, the molecular nanoscale live imaging with sectioning ability (MoNaLISA), based on reversible saturable optical fluorescence transitions (RESOLFT), offers 45 - 65 nm $45 - 65\;{\rm{nm}}$ resolution of large fields of view in a few seconds. In MoNaLISA, engineered light patterns strategically confine the fluorescence to sub-diffracted volumes in a large area and provide optical sectioning, thus enabling volumetric imaging at high speeds. The optical setup presented in this paper extends the degree of parallelisation of the MoNaLISA microscope by more than four times, reaching a field-of-view of ( 100 - 130 μ m ) 2 ${( {100 - 130\;{\rm{\mu m}}} )^2}$ . We set up the periodicity and the optical scheme of the illumination patterns to be power-efficient and homogeneous. In a single recording, this new configuration enables super-resolution imaging of an extended population of the post-synaptic density protein Homer1c in living hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guillaume Minet
- SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Martina Damenti
- SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Dirk Ollech
- SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Ilaria Testa
- SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
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16
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Turner KA, Kluczynski DF, Hefner RJ, Moussa RB, Slogar JN, Thekkethottiyil JB, Prine HD, Crossley ER, Flanagan LJ, LaBoy MM, Moran MB, Boyd TG, Kujawski BA, Ruble K, Pap JM, Jaiswal A, Shah TA, Sindhwani P, Avidor-Reiss T. Tubulin posttranslational modifications modify the atypical spermatozoon centriole. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2022; 2022:10.17912/micropub.biology.000678. [PMID: 36444375 PMCID: PMC9700210 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sperm cells are transcriptionally and translationally silent. Therefore, they may use one of the remaining mechanisms to respond to stimuli in their environment, the post-translational modification of their proteins. Here we examined three post-translational modifications, acetylation, glutamylation, and glycylation of the protein tubulin in human and cattle sperm. Tubulin is the monomer that makes up microtubules, and microtubules constitute the core component of both the sperm centrioles and the axoneme. We found that the sperm of both species were labeled by antibodies against acetylated tubulin and glutamylated tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.
,
Correspondence to: Tomer Avidor-Reiss (
)
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17
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Liu Z, Hou J, Zhang Y, Wen T, Fan L, Zhang C, Wang K, Bai J. Generation and Modulation of Controllable Multi-Focus Array Based on Phase Segmentation. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1677. [PMID: 36296030 PMCID: PMC9608611 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A Circular-Sectorial Phase Segmentation (CSPS) noniterative method for effectively generating and manipulating muti-focus array (MFA) was proposed in this work. The theoretical model of the CSPS was built up based on vectorial diffraction integral and the phase modulation factor was deduced with inverse fast Fourier transform. By segmenting the entrance pupil into specified regions, which were sequentially assigned with the values carried out by phase modulation factor, the methodology could generate flexible MFAs with desired position and morphology. Subsequently, the CSPS was investigated in parallelized fabrication with a laser direct writing system. The positioning accuracy was greater than 96% and the morphologic consistency of the parallelly fabricated results was greater than 92%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology in Shaanxi Province, Institute of Photonics & Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Jiaqing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology in Shaanxi Province, Institute of Photonics & Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- USTC Shanghai Institute for Advanced Studies, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Tong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology in Shaanxi Province, Institute of Photonics & Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Lianbin Fan
- The 404 Company Limited China National Nuclear Corporation, Jiayuguan 735100, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology in Shaanxi Province, Institute of Photonics & Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Kaige Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology in Shaanxi Province, Institute of Photonics & Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Jintao Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology in Shaanxi Province, Institute of Photonics & Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
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18
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Event-driven acquisition for content-enriched microscopy. Nat Methods 2022; 19:1262-1267. [PMID: 36076039 PMCID: PMC7613693 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A common goal of fluorescence microscopy is to collect data on specific biological events. Yet, the event-specific content that can be collected from a sample is limited, especially for rare or stochastic processes. This is due in part to photobleaching and phototoxicity, which constrain imaging speed and duration. We developed an event-driven acquisition framework, in which neural-network-based recognition of specific biological events triggers real-time control in an instant structured illumination microscope. Our setup adapts acquisitions on-the-fly by switching between a slow imaging rate while detecting the onset of events, and a fast imaging rate during their progression. Thus, we capture mitochondrial and bacterial divisions at imaging rates that match their dynamic timescales, while extending overall imaging durations. Because event-driven acquisition allows the microscope to respond specifically to complex biological events, it acquires data enriched in relevant content.
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19
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van den Hoek H, Klena N, Jordan MA, Alvarez Viar G, Righetto RD, Schaffer M, Erdmann PS, Wan W, Geimer S, Plitzko JM, Baumeister W, Pigino G, Hamel V, Guichard P, Engel BD. In situ architecture of the ciliary base reveals the stepwise assembly of intraflagellar transport trains. Science 2022; 377:543-548. [PMID: 35901159 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm6704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cilium is an antenna-like organelle that performs numerous cellular functions, including motility, sensing, and signaling. The base of the cilium contains a selective barrier that regulates the entry of large intraflagellar transport (IFT) trains, which carry cargo proteins required for ciliary assembly and maintenance. However, the native architecture of the ciliary base and the process of IFT train assembly remain unresolved. In this work, we used in situ cryo-electron tomography to reveal native structures of the transition zone region and assembling IFT trains at the ciliary base in Chlamydomonas. We combined this direct cellular visualization with ultrastructure expansion microscopy to describe the front-to-back stepwise assembly of IFT trains: IFT-B forms the backbone, onto which bind IFT-A, dynein-1b, and finally kinesin-2 before entry into the cilium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo van den Hoek
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nikolai Klena
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Section of Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Human Technopole, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Mareike A Jordan
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Alvarez Viar
- Human Technopole, 20157 Milan, Italy.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ricardo D Righetto
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Miroslava Schaffer
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - William Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Stefan Geimer
- Cell Biology and Electron Microscopy, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jürgen M Plitzko
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumeister
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gaia Pigino
- Human Technopole, 20157 Milan, Italy.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Virginie Hamel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Section of Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul Guichard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Section of Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin D Engel
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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20
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Kent RS, Briggs EM, Colon BL, Alvarez C, Silva Pereira S, De Niz M. Paving the Way: Contributions of Big Data to Apicomplexan and Kinetoplastid Research. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:900878. [PMID: 35734575 PMCID: PMC9207352 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.900878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the age of big data an important question is how to ensure we make the most out of the resources we generate. In this review, we discuss the major methods used in Apicomplexan and Kinetoplastid research to produce big datasets and advance our understanding of Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium, Trypanosoma and Leishmania biology. We debate the benefits and limitations of the current technologies, and propose future advancements that may be key to improving our use of these techniques. Finally, we consider the difficulties the field faces when trying to make the most of the abundance of data that has already been, and will continue to be, generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn S. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Emma M. Briggs
- Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Beatrice L. Colon
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Catalina Alvarez
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sara Silva Pereira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana De Niz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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21
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Ding Z, Zhao Y, Zhang G, Zhong M, Guan X, Zhang Y. Application of visual mechanical signal detection and loading platform with super‐resolution based on deep learning. INT J INTELL SYST 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/int.22905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Ding
- School of Information Engineering East China Jiaotong University Nanchang China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Information Engineering East China Jiaotong University Nanchang China
| | - Guolong Zhang
- School of Information Engineering East China Jiaotong University Nanchang China
| | - Meiling Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering East China Jiaotong University Nanchang China
| | - Xiaohui Guan
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Yuejin Zhang
- School of Information Engineering East China Jiaotong University Nanchang China
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22
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Suresh SA, Vyas S, Chen WP, Yeh JA, Luo Y. Multifocal confocal microscopy using a volume holographic lenslet array illuminator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:14910-14923. [PMID: 35473224 DOI: 10.1364/oe.455176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multifocal illumination can improve image acquisition time compared to single point scanning in confocal microscopy. However, due to an increase in the system complexity, obtaining uniform multifocal illumination throughout the field of view with conventional methods is challenging. Here, we propose a volume holographic lenslet array illuminator (VHLAI) for multifocal confocal microscopy. To obtain uniform array illumination, a super Gaussian (SG) beam has been incorporated through VHLAI with an efficiency of 43%, and implemented in a confocal microscope. The design method for a photo-polymer based volume holographic beam shaper is presented and its advantages are thoroughly addressed. The proposed system can significantly improve image acquisition time without sacrificing the quality of the image. The performance of the proposed multifocal confocal microscopy was compared with wide-field images and also evaluated by measuring optically sectioned microscopic images of fluorescence beads, florescence pollen grains, and biological samples. The proposed multifocal confocal system generates images faster without any changes in scanning devices. The present method may find important applications in high-speed multifocal microscopy platforms.
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23
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Zhu Y, Zhao W, Zhang C, Wang K, Bai J. Non-iterative multifold strip segmentation phase method for six-dimensional optical field modulation. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:1335-1338. [PMID: 35290307 DOI: 10.1364/ol.444419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we propose a non-iterative multifold strip segmentation phase method for a spatial light modulator (SLM) to generate multifocal spots of diverse beams (Airy, spiral, perfect vortex, and Bessel-Gaussian beams) in a high-numerical-aperture system, with up to 6D controllability. The method is further validated by an inverted fluorescence microscope. By adjusting the bright and dark voltage parameters of the SLM, zero-order light caused by the pixelation effect of the SLM has been successfully eliminated. We hope this research provides a more flexible and powerful approach for the rapid modulation of multi-focus light fields in the development of biomedicine and lithography.
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24
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Isotropic super-resolution light-sheet microscopy of dynamic intracellular structures at subsecond timescales. Nat Methods 2022; 19:359-369. [DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Guichard P, Laporte MH, Hamel V. The centriolar tubulin code. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 137:16-25. [PMID: 34896019 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Centrioles are microtubule-based cell organelles present in most eukaryotes. They participate in the control of cell division as part of the centrosome, the major microtubule-organizing center of the cell, and are also essential for the formation of primary and motile cilia. During centriole assembly as well as across its lifetime, centriolar tubulin display marks defined by post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as glutamylation or acetylation. To date, the functions of these PTMs at centrioles are not well understood, although pioneering experiments suggest a role in the stability of this organelle. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding PTMs at centrioles with a particular focus on a possible link between these modifications and centriole's architecture, and propose possible hypothesis regarding centriolar tubulin PTMs's function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Guichard
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Marine H Laporte
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Hamel
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Geneva, Switzerland.
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26
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Pursuit of precision medicine: Systems biology approaches in Alzheimer's disease mouse models. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 161:105558. [PMID: 34767943 PMCID: PMC10112395 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex disease that is mediated by numerous factors and manifests in various forms. A systems biology approach to studying AD involves analyses of various body systems, biological scales, environmental elements, and clinical outcomes to understand the genotype to phenotype relationship that potentially drives AD development. Currently, there are many research investigations probing how modifiable and nonmodifiable factors impact AD symptom presentation. This review specifically focuses on how imaging modalities can be integrated into systems biology approaches using model mouse populations to link brain level functional and structural changes to disease onset and progression. Combining imaging and omics data promotes the classification of AD into subtypes and paves the way for precision medicine solutions to prevent and treat AD.
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Blundell B, Sieben C, Manley S, Rosten E, Ch’ng Q, Cox S. 3D Structure From 2D Microscopy Images Using Deep Learning. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 1:740342. [PMID: 36303741 PMCID: PMC9581024 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2021.740342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the structure of a protein complex is crucial in determining its function. However, retrieving accurate 3D structures from microscopy images is highly challenging, particularly as many imaging modalities are two-dimensional. Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence have been applied to this problem, primarily using voxel based approaches to analyse sets of electron microscopy images. Here we present a deep learning solution for reconstructing the protein complexes from a number of 2D single molecule localization microscopy images, with the solution being completely unconstrained. Our convolutional neural network coupled with a differentiable renderer predicts pose and derives a single structure. After training, the network is discarded, with the output of this method being a structural model which fits the data-set. We demonstrate the performance of our system on two protein complexes: CEP152 (which comprises part of the proximal toroid of the centriole) and centrioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Blundell
- Centre for Developmental Biology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Sieben
- Nanoscale Infection Biology Lab (NIBI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, London, Germany
| | - Suliana Manley
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - QueeLim Ch’ng
- Centre for Developmental Biology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Cox
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Here, we describe an end-to-end high-throughput imaging protocol to visualize genomic loci in cells at high throughput using DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, automated microscopy, and computational analysis. This is particularly useful for quantifying patterns of heterogeneity in relative gene positioning or differences within subpopulations of cells. We focus on important experimental design and execution steps in this one-week protocol, suggest ways to ensure and verify data quality, and provide practical solutions to common problems. For complete details on the generation and use of this protocol, please refer to Finn et al. (2019). DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization technique for high-content imaging Optimized for use in a 384-well plate format with cultured cells One-week protocol to assess thousands of cells per condition in tens of conditions Thorough discussion of troubleshooting for new probes, probe types, and cell types
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H Finn
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, 20892, USA
| | - Tom Misteli
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, 20892, USA
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Wensel TG, Potter VL, Moye A, Zhang Z, Robichaux MA. Structure and dynamics of photoreceptor sensory cilia. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1517-1537. [PMID: 34050409 PMCID: PMC11216635 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The rod and cone photoreceptor cells of the vertebrate retina have highly specialized structures that enable them to carry out their function of light detection over a broad range of illumination intensities with optimized spatial and temporal resolution. Most prominent are their unusually large sensory cilia, consisting of outer segments packed with photosensitive disc membranes, a connecting cilium with many features reminiscent of the primary cilium transition zone, and a pair of centrioles forming a basal body which serves as the platform upon which the ciliary axoneme is assembled. These structures form a highway through which an enormous flux of material moves on a daily basis to sustain the continual turnover of outer segment discs and the energetic demands of phototransduction. After decades of study, the details of the fine structure and distribution of molecular components of these structures are still incompletely understood, but recent advances in cellular imaging techniques and animal models of inherited ciliary defects are yielding important new insights. This knowledge informs our understanding both of the mechanisms of trafficking and assembly and of the pathophysiological mechanisms of human blinding ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore G Wensel
- Vera and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Valencia L Potter
- Vera and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Abigail Moye
- Vera and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhixian Zhang
- Vera and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michael A Robichaux
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Van den Eynde R, Vandenberg W, Hugelier S, Bouwens A, Hofkens J, Müller M, Dedecker P. Self-contained and modular structured illumination microscope. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:4414-4422. [PMID: 34457422 PMCID: PMC8367227 DOI: 10.1364/boe.423492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a modular implementation of structured illumination microscopy (SIM) that is fast, largely self-contained and that can be added onto existing fluorescence microscopes. Our strategy, which we call HIT-SIM, can theoretically deliver well over 50 super-resolved images per second and is readily compatible with existing acquisition software packages. We provide a full technical package consisting of schematics, a list of components and an alignment scheme that provides detailed specifications and assembly instructions. We illustrate the performance of the instrument by imaging optically large samples containing sequence-specifically stained DNA fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wim Vandenberg
- Lab for Nanobiology, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Siewert Hugelier
- Lab for Nanobiology, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arno Bouwens
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Perseus Biomics BV, Tienen, Belgium
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcel Müller
- Lab for Nanobiology, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Present adress: Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, Germany
| | - Peter Dedecker
- Lab for Nanobiology, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Belgium
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Distinct fission signatures predict mitochondrial degradation or biogenesis. Nature 2021; 593:435-439. [PMID: 33953403 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission is a highly regulated process that, when disrupted, can alter metabolism, proliferation and apoptosis1-3. Dysregulation has been linked to neurodegeneration3,4, cardiovascular disease3 and cancer5. Key components of the fission machinery include the endoplasmic reticulum6 and actin7, which initiate constriction before dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1)8 binds to the outer mitochondrial membrane via adaptor proteins9-11, to drive scission12. In the mitochondrial life cycle, fission enables both biogenesis of new mitochondria and clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria through mitophagy1,13. Current models of fission regulation cannot explain how those dual fates are decided. However, uncovering fate determinants is challenging, as fission is unpredictable, and mitochondrial morphology is heterogeneous, with ultrastructural features that are below the diffraction limit. Here, we used live-cell structured illumination microscopy to capture mitochondrial dynamics. By analysing hundreds of fissions in African green monkey Cos-7 cells and mouse cardiomyocytes, we discovered two functionally and mechanistically distinct types of fission. Division at the periphery enables damaged material to be shed into smaller mitochondria destined for mitophagy, whereas division at the midzone leads to the proliferation of mitochondria. Both types are mediated by DRP1, but endoplasmic reticulum- and actin-mediated pre-constriction and the adaptor MFF govern only midzone fission. Peripheral fission is preceded by lysosomal contact and is regulated by the mitochondrial outer membrane protein FIS1. These distinct molecular mechanisms explain how cells independently regulate fission, leading to distinct mitochondrial fates.
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Abstract
The ultimate goal of single-cell analyses is to obtain the biomolecular content for each cell in unicellular and multicellular organisms at different points of their life cycle under variable environmental conditions. These require an assessment of: a) the total number of cells, b) the total number of cell types, and c) the complete and quantitative single molecular detection and identification for all classes of biopolymers, and organic and inorganic compounds, in each individual cell. For proteins, glycans, lipids, and metabolites, whose sequences cannot be amplified by copying as in the case of nucleic acids, the detection limit by mass spectrometry is about 105 molecules. Therefore, proteomic, glycomic, lipidomic, and metabolomic analyses do not yet permit the assembly of the complete single-cell omes. The construction of novel nanoelectrophoretic arrays and nano in microarrays on a single 1-cm-diameter chip has shown proof of concept for a high throughput platform for parallel processing of thousands of individual cells. Combined with dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry, with 3D scanning capability and lateral resolution of 50 nm, the sensitivity of single molecular quantification and identification for all classes of biomolecules could be reached. Further development and routine application of such technological and instrumentation solution would allow assembly of complete omes with a quantitative assessment of structural and functional cellular diversity at the molecular level.
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Eisenstein M. Smart solutions for automated imaging. Nat Methods 2020. [PMID: 33077968 DOI: 10.15932/j.0253-9713.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Lopes D, Maiato H. The Tubulin Code in Mitosis and Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112356. [PMID: 33114575 PMCID: PMC7692294 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The “tubulin code” combines different α/β-tubulin isotypes with several post-translational modifications (PTMs) to generate microtubule diversity in cells. During cell division, specific microtubule populations in the mitotic spindle are differentially modified, but only recently, the functional significance of the tubulin code, with particular emphasis on the role specified by tubulin PTMs, started to be elucidated. This is the case of α-tubulin detyrosination, which was shown to guide chromosomes during congression to the metaphase plate and allow the discrimination of mitotic errors, whose correction is required to prevent chromosomal instability—a hallmark of human cancers implicated in tumor evolution and metastasis. Although alterations in the expression of certain tubulin isotypes and associated PTMs have been reported in human cancers, it remains unclear whether and how the tubulin code has any functional implications for cancer cell properties. Here, we review the role of the tubulin code in chromosome segregation during mitosis and how it impacts cancer cell properties. In this context, we discuss the existence of an emerging “cancer tubulin code” and the respective implications for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Lopes
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder Maiato
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cell Division Group, Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-22-040-8800
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