1
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Ku SP, Atucha E, Alavi N, Mulla-Osman H, Kayumova R, Yoshida M, Csicsvari J, Sauvage MM. Phase locking of hippocampal CA3 neurons to distal CA1 theta oscillations selectively predicts memory performance. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114276. [PMID: 38814781 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
How the coordination of neuronal spiking and brain rhythms between hippocampal subregions supports memory function remains elusive. We studied the interregional coordination of CA3 neuronal spiking with CA1 theta oscillations by recording electrophysiological signals along the proximodistal axis of the hippocampus in rats that were performing a high-memory-demand recognition memory task adapted from humans. We found that CA3 population spiking occurs preferentially at the peak of distal CA1 theta oscillations when memory was tested but only when previously encountered stimuli were presented. In addition, decoding analyses revealed that only population cell firing of proximal CA3 together with that of distal CA1 can predict performance at test in the present non-spatial task. Overall, our work demonstrates an important role for the synchronization of CA3 neuronal activity with CA1 theta oscillations during memory testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Pi Ku
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Erika Atucha
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nico Alavi
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Halla Mulla-Osman
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rukhshona Kayumova
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Motoharu Yoshida
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jozsef Csicsvari
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Magdalena M Sauvage
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Magdeburg, Germany; Otto von Guericke University, Medical Faculty, Functional Neuroplasticity Department, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany.
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2
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Marinaro G, Bruno L, Pirillo N, Coluccio ML, Nanni M, Malara N, Battista E, Bruno G, De Angelis F, Cancedda L, Di Mascolo D, Gentile F. The role of elasticity on adhesion and clustering of neurons on soft surfaces. Commun Biol 2024; 7:617. [PMID: 38778159 PMCID: PMC11111731 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The question of whether material stiffness enhances cell adhesion and clustering is still open to debate. Results from the literature are seemingly contradictory, with some reports illustrating that adhesion increases with surface stiffness and others suggesting that the performance of a system of cells is curbed by high values of elasticity. To address the role of elasticity as a regulator in neuronal cell adhesion and clustering, we investigated the topological characteristics of networks of neurons on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces - with values of elasticity (E) varying in the 0.55-2.65 MPa range. Results illustrate that, as elasticity increases, the number of neurons adhering on the surface decreases. Notably, the small-world coefficient - a topological measure of networks - also decreases. Numerical simulations and functional multi-calcium imaging experiments further indicated that the activity of neuronal cells on soft surfaces improves for decreasing E. Experimental findings are supported by a mathematical model, that explains adhesion and clustering of cells on soft materials as a function of few parameters - including the Young's modulus and roughness of the material. Overall, results indicate that - in the considered elasticity interval - increasing the compliance of a material improves adhesion, improves clustering, and enhances communication of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Marinaro
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Quartier Hôpital, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Luigi Bruno
- Department of Mechanical, Energy and Management Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Noemi Pirillo
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Coluccio
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marina Nanni
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Natalia Malara
- Department of Health Science, University of "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Edmondo Battista
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Bruno
- Plasmon Nanotechnologies, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco De Angelis
- Plasmon Nanotechnologies, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Cancedda
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Mascolo
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163, Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Francesco Gentile
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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3
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Hu C, Hasenstaub AR, Schreiner CE. Basic Properties of Coordinated Neuronal Ensembles in the Auditory Thalamus. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1729232024. [PMID: 38561224 PMCID: PMC11079962 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1729-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Coordinated neuronal activity has been identified to play an important role in information processing and transmission in the brain. However, current research predominantly focuses on understanding the properties and functions of neuronal coordination in hippocampal and cortical areas, leaving subcortical regions relatively unexplored. In this study, we use single-unit recordings in female Sprague Dawley rats to investigate the properties and functions of groups of neurons exhibiting coordinated activity in the auditory thalamus-the medial geniculate body (MGB). We reliably identify coordinated neuronal ensembles (cNEs), which are groups of neurons that fire synchronously, in the MGB. cNEs are shown not to be the result of false-positive detections or by-products of slow-state oscillations in anesthetized animals. We demonstrate that cNEs in the MGB have enhanced information-encoding properties over individual neurons. Their neuronal composition is stable between spontaneous and evoked activity, suggesting limited stimulus-induced ensemble dynamics. These MGB cNE properties are similar to what is observed in cNEs in the primary auditory cortex (A1), suggesting that ensembles serve as a ubiquitous mechanism for organizing local networks and play a fundamental role in sensory processing within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Hu
- John & Edward Coleman Memorial Laboratory, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Andrea R Hasenstaub
- John & Edward Coleman Memorial Laboratory, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Christoph E Schreiner
- John & Edward Coleman Memorial Laboratory, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
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4
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Sun Y, Takehara-Nishiuchi K. The medial prefrontal cortex leaves the hippocampus when it prepares for the future. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504241261833. [PMID: 38872470 PMCID: PMC11179466 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241261833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Our memories help us plan for the future. In some cases, we use memories to repeat the choices that led to preferable outcomes in the past. The success of these memory-guided decisions depends on close interactions between the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. In other cases, we need to use our memories to deduce hidden connections between the present and past situations to decide the best choice of action based on the expected outcome. Our recent study investigated neural underpinnings of such inferential decisions by monitoring neural activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in rats. We identified several neural activity patterns indicating awake memory trace reactivation and restructuring of functional connectivity among multiple neurons. We also found that these patterns occurred concurrently with the ongoing hippocampal activity when rats recalled past events but not when they planned new adaptive actions. Here, we discussed how these computational properties might contribute to success in inferential decision-making and propose a working model on how the medial prefrontal cortex changes its interaction with the hippocampus depending on whether it reflects on the past or looks into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiong Sun
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kaori Takehara-Nishiuchi
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Collaborative Program in Neuroscience, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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5
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Yuste R, Cossart R, Yaksi E. Neuronal ensembles: Building blocks of neural circuits. Neuron 2024; 112:875-892. [PMID: 38262413 PMCID: PMC10957317 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal ensembles, defined as groups of neurons displaying recurring patterns of coordinated activity, represent an intermediate functional level between individual neurons and brain areas. Novel methods to measure and optically manipulate the activity of neuronal populations have provided evidence of ensembles in the neocortex and hippocampus. Ensembles can be activated intrinsically or in response to sensory stimuli and play a causal role in perception and behavior. Here we review ensemble phenomenology, developmental origin, biophysical and synaptic mechanisms, and potential functional roles across different brain areas and species, including humans. As modular units of neural circuits, ensembles could provide a mechanistic underpinning of fundamental brain processes, including neural coding, motor planning, decision-making, learning, and adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Yuste
- NeuroTechnology Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Rosa Cossart
- Inserm, INMED, Turing Center for Living Systems Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | - Emre Yaksi
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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6
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Nakai S, Kitanishi T, Mizuseki K. Distinct manifold encoding of navigational information in the subiculum and hippocampus. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi4471. [PMID: 38295173 PMCID: PMC10830115 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi4471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The subiculum (SUB) plays a crucial role in spatial navigation and encodes navigational information differently from the hippocampal CA1 area. However, the representation of subicular population activity remains unknown. Here, we investigated the neuronal population activity recorded extracellularly from the CA1 and SUB of rats performing T-maze and open-field tasks. The trajectory of population activity in both areas was confined to low-dimensional neural manifolds homoeomorphic to external space. The manifolds conveyed position, speed, and future path information with higher decoding accuracy in the SUB than in the CA1. The manifolds exhibited common geometry across rats and regions for the CA1 and SUB and between tasks in the SUB. During post-task ripples in slow-wave sleep, population activity represented reward locations/events more frequently in the SUB than in CA1. Thus, the CA1 and SUB encode information distinctly into the neural manifolds that underlie navigational information processing during wakefulness and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Nakai
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Takuma Kitanishi
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizuseki
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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7
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Clarke-Williams CJ, Lopes-Dos-Santos V, Lefèvre L, Brizee D, Causse AA, Rothaermel R, Hartwich K, Perestenko PV, Toth R, McNamara CG, Sharott A, Dupret D. Coordinating brain-distributed network activities in memory resistant to extinction. Cell 2024; 187:409-427.e19. [PMID: 38242086 PMCID: PMC7615560 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Certain memories resist extinction to continue invigorating maladaptive actions. The robustness of these memories could depend on their widely distributed implementation across populations of neurons in multiple brain regions. However, how dispersed neuronal activities are collectively organized to underpin a persistent memory-guided behavior remains unknown. To investigate this, we simultaneously monitored the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, hippocampus, and ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the mouse brain from initial recall to post-extinction renewal of a memory involving cocaine experience. We uncover a higher-order pattern of short-lived beta-frequency (15-25 Hz) activities that are transiently coordinated across these networks during memory retrieval. The output of a divergent pathway from upstream VTA glutamatergic neurons, paced by a slower (4-Hz) oscillation, actuates this multi-network beta-band coactivation; its closed-loop phase-informed suppression prevents renewal of cocaine-biased behavior. Binding brain-distributed neural activities in this temporally structured manner may constitute an organizational principle of robust memory expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie J Clarke-Williams
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK.
| | - Vítor Lopes-Dos-Santos
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Laura Lefèvre
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Demi Brizee
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Adrien A Causse
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Roman Rothaermel
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Katja Hartwich
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Pavel V Perestenko
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Robert Toth
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Colin G McNamara
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Andrew Sharott
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - David Dupret
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK.
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8
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Dragoi G. The generative grammar of the brain: a critique of internally generated representations. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:60-75. [PMID: 38036709 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The past decade of progress in neurobiology has uncovered important organizational principles for network preconfiguration and neuronal selection that suggest a generative grammar exists in the brain. In this Perspective, I discuss the competence of the hippocampal neural network to generically express temporally compressed sequences of neuronal firing that represent novel experiences, which is envisioned as a form of generative neural syntax supporting a neurobiological perspective on brain function. I compare this neural competence with the hippocampal network performance that represents specific experiences with higher fidelity after new learning during replay, which is envisioned as a form of neural semantic that supports a complementary neuropsychological perspective. I also demonstrate how the syntax of network competence emerges a priori during early postnatal life and is followed by the later development of network performance that enables rapid encoding and memory consolidation. Thus, I propose that this generative grammar of the brain is essential for internally generated representations, which are crucial for the cognitive processes underlying learning and memory, prospection, and inference, which ultimately underlie our reason and representation of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Dragoi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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9
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Jarovi J, Pilkiw M, Takehara-Nishiuchi K. Prefrontal neuronal ensembles link prior knowledge with novel actions during flexible action selection. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113492. [PMID: 37999978 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We make decisions based on currently perceivable information or an internal model of the environment. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and its interaction with the hippocampus have been implicated in the latter, model-based decision-making; however, the underlying computational properties remain incompletely understood. We have examined mPFC spiking and hippocampal oscillatory activity while rats flexibly select new actions using a known associative structure of environmental cues and outcomes. During action selection, the mPFC reinstates representations of the associative structure. These awake reactivation events are accompanied by synchronous firings among neurons coding the associative structure and those coding actions. Moreover, their functional coupling is strengthened upon the reactivation events leading to adaptive actions. In contrast, only cue-coding neurons improve functional coupling during hippocampal sharp wave ripples. Thus, the lack of direct experience disconnects the mPFC from the hippocampus to independently form self-organized neuronal ensemble dynamics linking prior knowledge with novel actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Jarovi
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Maryna Pilkiw
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Kaori Takehara-Nishiuchi
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada; Collaborative Program in Neuroscience, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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10
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Nardin M, Csicsvari J, Tkačik G, Savin C. The Structure of Hippocampal CA1 Interactions Optimizes Spatial Coding across Experience. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8140-8156. [PMID: 37758476 PMCID: PMC10697404 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0194-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although much is known about how single neurons in the hippocampus represent an animal's position, how circuit interactions contribute to spatial coding is less well understood. Using a novel statistical estimator and theoretical modeling, both developed in the framework of maximum entropy models, we reveal highly structured CA1 cell-cell interactions in male rats during open field exploration. The statistics of these interactions depend on whether the animal is in a familiar or novel environment. In both conditions the circuit interactions optimize the encoding of spatial information, but for regimes that differ in the informativeness of their spatial inputs. This structure facilitates linear decodability, making the information easy to read out by downstream circuits. Overall, our findings suggest that the efficient coding hypothesis is not only applicable to individual neuron properties in the sensory periphery, but also to neural interactions in the central brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Local circuit interactions play a key role in neural computation and are dynamically shaped by experience. However, measuring and assessing their effects during behavior remains a challenge. Here, we combine techniques from statistical physics and machine learning to develop new tools for determining the effects of local network interactions on neural population activity. This approach reveals highly structured local interactions between hippocampal neurons, which make the neural code more precise and easier to read out by downstream circuits, across different levels of experience. More generally, the novel combination of theory and data analysis in the framework of maximum entropy models enables traditional neural coding questions to be asked in naturalistic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Nardin
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg AT-3400, Austria
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia 20147
| | - Jozsef Csicsvari
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg AT-3400, Austria
| | - Gašper Tkačik
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg AT-3400, Austria
| | - Cristina Savin
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003
- Center for Data Science, New York University, New York, New York 10011
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11
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Liu C, Todorova R, Tang W, Oliva A, Fernandez-Ruiz A. Associative and predictive hippocampal codes support memory-guided behaviors. Science 2023; 382:eadi8237. [PMID: 37856604 PMCID: PMC10894649 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi8237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Episodic memory involves learning and recalling associations between items and their spatiotemporal context. Those memories can be further used to generate internal models of the world that enable predictions to be made. The mechanisms that support these associative and predictive aspects of memory are not yet understood. In this study, we used an optogenetic manipulation to perturb the sequential structure, but not global network dynamics, of place cells as rats traversed specific spatial trajectories. This perturbation abolished replay of those trajectories and the development of predictive representations, leading to impaired learning of new optimal trajectories during memory-guided navigation. However, place cell assembly reactivation and reward-context associative learning were unaffected. Our results show a mechanistic dissociation between two complementary hippocampal codes: an associative code (through coactivity) and a predictive code (through sequences).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wenbo Tang
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Azahara Oliva
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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12
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Gentile F. The effective enhancement of information in 3D small-world networks of biological neuronal cells. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2023; 9:065019. [PMID: 37802049 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad00c0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system, the kidney, or the brain, are examples of complex systems - where the properties of the systems arise because of the layout of cells in those systems. One way to characterize systems is using networks, where elements and interactions of the systems are represented as nodes and links of a graph. Network's topology can be, in turn, measured by the small-world coefficient. Small world networks feature increased clustering and shorter paths compared to random or periodic networks of the same size. This suggests that systems with small world attributes can also efficiently transport signals, nutrients, or information within their body. While several reports in literature have illustrated that real biological systems are small-world, yet little is known about how information varies as a function of the small-world-ness (sw) of three dimensional graphs. Here, we used a model of the brain to estimate quantitatively the information processed in 3D networks. In the model, nodes of the graph are neuronal units capable to receive, integrate and transmit signals to other neurons of the system in parallel. The information encoded in the signals was then extracted using the techniques of information theory. In simulations where the topology of networks of400nodes was varied over large intervals, we found that in the0-9swrange information scales linearly with the small world coefficient, with a five-fold increase. Results of the paper and review of the existing literature on model organisms suggest that a small-world architecture may offer an evolutionary advantage to biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gentile
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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13
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Quass GL, Rogalla MM, Ford AN, Apostolides PF. Mixed representations of sound and action in the auditory midbrain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.19.558449. [PMID: 37786676 PMCID: PMC10541616 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.19.558449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Linking sensory input and its consequences is a fundamental brain operation. Accordingly, neural activity of neo-cortical and limbic systems often reflects dynamic combinations of sensory and behaviorally relevant variables, and these "mixed representations" are suggested to be important for perception, learning, and plasticity. However, the extent to which such integrative computations might occur in brain regions upstream of the forebrain is less clear. Here, we conduct cellular-resolution 2-photon Ca2+ imaging in the superficial "shell" layers of the inferior colliculus (IC), as head-fixed mice of either sex perform a reward-based psychometric auditory task. We find that the activity of individual shell IC neurons jointly reflects auditory cues and mice's actions, such that trajectories of neural population activity diverge depending on mice's behavioral choice. Consequently, simple classifier models trained on shell IC neuron activity can predict trial-by-trial outcomes, even when training data are restricted to neural activity occurring prior to mice's instrumental actions. Thus in behaving animals, auditory midbrain neurons transmit a population code that reflects a joint representation of sound and action.
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Affiliation(s)
- GL Quass
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - MM Rogalla
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - AN Ford
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - PF Apostolides
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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14
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Fernandez-Ruiz A, Sirota A, Lopes-Dos-Santos V, Dupret D. Over and above frequency: Gamma oscillations as units of neural circuit operations. Neuron 2023; 111:936-953. [PMID: 37023717 PMCID: PMC7614431 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Gamma oscillations (∼30-150 Hz) are widespread correlates of neural circuit functions. These network activity patterns have been described across multiple animal species, brain structures, and behaviors, and are usually identified based on their spectral peak frequency. Yet, despite intensive investigation, whether gamma oscillations implement causal mechanisms of specific brain functions or represent a general dynamic mode of neural circuit operation remains unclear. In this perspective, we review recent advances in the study of gamma oscillations toward a deeper understanding of their cellular mechanisms, neural pathways, and functional roles. We discuss that a given gamma rhythm does not per se implement any specific cognitive function but rather constitutes an activity motif reporting the cellular substrates, communication channels, and computational operations underlying information processing in its generating brain circuit. Accordingly, we propose shifting the attention from a frequency-based to a circuit-level definition of gamma oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anton Sirota
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Vítor Lopes-Dos-Santos
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - David Dupret
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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15
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Guo D, Yang X, Gao M, Chen X, Tang Y, Shen L, Li K, Shi L. Deficiency of Autism-Related Gene Dock4 Leads to Impaired Spatial Memory and Hippocampal Function in Mice at Late Middle Age. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:1129-1146. [PMID: 35635601 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that lasts lifelong and causes noticeably higher premature mortality. Although the core symptoms and other behavioral deficits of ASD can persist or be deteriorated from early development to old age, how aging affects the behaviors and brain anatomy in ASD is largely unknown. DOCK4 is an ASD risk gene highly expressed in the hippocampus, and Dock4 knockout (KO) mice display ASD-like behaviors in adulthood (4- to 6-month-old). In this study, we evaluated the behavioral and hippocampal pathological changes of late-middle-aged (15- to 17-month-old) Dock4 male KO mice. Aged Dock4 KO mice continuously showed similar social deficit, elevated anxiety, and disrupted object location memory as observed in the adulthood, when compared to their wild-type (WT) littermates. Notably, Dock4 KO mice displayed an age-related decline of hippocampal dependent spatial memory, showing decreased spatial memory in Barnes maze than their WT littermates at late middle age. Morphological analysis from WT and Dock4 KO littermates revealed that Dock4 deficiency led to decreased mature neurons and oligodendrocytes but increased astrocytes in the hippocampus of late-middle-aged mice. Together, we report that ASD-like behaviors mostly persist into late-middle age in Dock4 KO mice, with specific alterations of spatial memory and hippocampal anatomy by age, thus providing new evidence for understanding age differences in behavioral deficits of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daji Guo
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaoman Yang
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanping Tang
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingling Shen
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Keshen Li
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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16
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Geiller T, Priestley JB, Losonczy A. A local circuit-basis for spatial navigation and memory processes in hippocampal area CA1. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 79:102701. [PMID: 36878147 PMCID: PMC10020891 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus is a multi-stage neural circuit that is critical for memory formation. Its distinct anatomy has long inspired theories that rely on local interactions between neurons within each subregion in order to perform serial operations important for memory encoding and storage. These local computations have received less attention in CA1 area, the primary output node of the hippocampus, where excitatory neurons are thought to be only very sparsely interconnected. However, recent findings have demonstrated the power of local circuitry in CA1, with evidence for strong functional interactions among excitatory neurons, regulation by diverse inhibitory microcircuits, and novel plasticity rules that can profoundly reshape the hippocampal ensemble code. Here we review how these properties expand the dynamical repertoire of CA1 beyond the confines of feedforward processing, and what implications they have for hippocampo-cortical functions in memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Geiller
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA; Mortimer B Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, 10027, USA. https://twitter.com/tgeiller
| | - James B Priestley
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA; Mortimer B Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, 10027, USA; Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA. https://twitter.com/jamespriestley4
| | - Attila Losonczy
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA; Mortimer B Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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17
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Coughlan G, Bouffard NR, Golestani A, Thakral PP, Schacter DL, Grady C, Moscovitch M. Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the angular gyrus modulates the temporal dynamics of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:3255-3264. [PMID: 36573400 PMCID: PMC10016030 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) delivered to the angular gyrus (AG) affects hippocampal function and associated behaviors (Thakral PP, Madore KP, Kalinowski SE, Schacter DL. Modulation of hippocampal brain networks produces changes in episodic simulation and divergent thinking. 2020a. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 117:12729-12740). Here, we examine if functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-guided TMS disrupts the gradient organization of temporal signal properties, known as the temporal organization, in the hippocampus (HPC) and entorhinal cortex (ERC). For each of 2 TMS sessions, TMS was applied to either a control site (vertex) or to a left AG target region (N = 18; 14 females). Behavioral measures were then administered, and resting-state scans were acquired. Temporal dynamics were measured by tracking change in the fMRI signal (i) "within" single voxels over time, termed single-voxel autocorrelation and (ii) "between" different voxels over time, termed intervoxel similarity. TMS reduced AG connectivity with the hippocampal target and induced more rapid shifting of activity in single voxels between successive time points, lowering the single-voxel autocorrelation, within the left anteromedial HPC and posteromedial ERC. Intervoxel similarity was only marginally affected by TMS. Our findings suggest that hippocampal-targeted TMS disrupts the functional properties of the target site along the anterior/posterior axis. Further studies should examine the consequences of altering the temporal dynamics of these medial temporal areas to the successful processing of episodic information under task demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Coughlan
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst St, North York, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 15 Parkman St, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Nichole R Bouffard
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst St, North York, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Cir, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Ali Golestani
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Cir, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Preston P Thakral
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland St, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States
| | - Daniel L Schacter
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland St, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Cheryl Grady
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst St, North York, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Morris Moscovitch
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst St, North York, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Cir, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada
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18
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Sheintuch L, Geva N, Deitch D, Rubin A, Ziv Y. Organization of hippocampal CA3 into correlated cell assemblies supports a stable spatial code. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112119. [PMID: 36807137 PMCID: PMC9989830 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal subfield CA3 is thought to stably store memories in assemblies of recurrently connected cells functioning as a collective. However, the collective hippocampal coding properties that are unique to CA3 and how such properties facilitate the stability or precision of the neural code remain unclear. Here, we performed large-scale Ca2+ imaging in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 of freely behaving mice that repeatedly explored the same, initially novel environments over weeks. CA3 place cells have more precise and more stable tuning and show a higher statistical dependence with their peers compared with CA1 place cells, uncovering a cell assembly organization in CA3. Surprisingly, although tuning precision and long-term stability are correlated, cells with stronger peer dependence exhibit higher stability but not higher precision. Overall, our results expose the three-way relationship between tuning precision, long-term stability, and peer dependence, suggesting that a cell assembly organization underlies long-term storage of information in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Sheintuch
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nitzan Geva
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daniel Deitch
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Rubin
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Yaniv Ziv
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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19
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Folschweiller S, Sauer JF. Controlling neuronal assemblies: a fundamental function of respiration-related brain oscillations in neuronal networks. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:13-21. [PMID: 35637391 PMCID: PMC9816207 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Respiration exerts profound influence on cognition, which is presumed to rely on the generation of local respiration-coherent brain oscillations and the entrainment of cortical neurons. Here, we propose an addition to that view by emphasizing the role of respiration in pacing cortical assemblies (i.e., groups of synchronized, coactive neurons). We review recent findings of how respiration directly entrains identified assembly patterns and discuss how respiration-dependent pacing of assembly activations might be beneficial for cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Folschweiller
- Institute for Physiology I, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany ,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas-Frederic Sauer
- Institute for Physiology I, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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20
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Herzog R, Rosas FE, Whelan R, Fittipaldi S, Santamaria-Garcia H, Cruzat J, Birba A, Moguilner S, Tagliazucchi E, Prado P, Ibanez A. Genuine high-order interactions in brain networks and neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 175:105918. [PMID: 36375407 PMCID: PMC11195446 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain functional networks have been traditionally studied considering only interactions between pairs of regions, neglecting the richer information encoded in higher orders of interactions. In consequence, most of the connectivity studies in neurodegeneration and dementia use standard pairwise metrics. Here, we developed a genuine high-order functional connectivity (HOFC) approach that captures interactions between 3 or more regions across spatiotemporal scales, delivering a more biologically plausible characterization of the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. We applied HOFC to multimodal (electroencephalography [EEG], and functional magnetic resonance imaging [fMRI]) data from patients diagnosed with behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and healthy controls. HOFC revealed large effect sizes, which, in comparison to standard pairwise metrics, provided a more accurate and parsimonious characterization of neurodegeneration. The multimodal characterization of neurodegeneration revealed hypo and hyperconnectivity on medium to large-scale brain networks, with a larger contribution of the former. Regions as the amygdala, the insula, and frontal gyrus were associated with both effects, suggesting potential compensatory processes in hub regions. fMRI revealed hypoconnectivity in AD between regions of the default mode, salience, visual, and auditory networks, while in bvFTD between regions of the default mode, salience, and somatomotor networks. EEG revealed hypoconnectivity in the γ band between frontal, limbic, and sensory regions in AD, and in the δ band between frontal, temporal, parietal and posterior areas in bvFTD, suggesting additional pathophysiological processes that fMRI alone can not capture. Classification accuracy was comparable with standard biomarkers and robust against confounders such as sample size, age, education, and motor artifacts (from fMRI and EEG). We conclude that high-order interactions provide a detailed, EEG- and fMRI compatible, biologically plausible, and psychopathological-specific characterization of different neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Herzog
- Latin American Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Fundación para el Estudio de la Conciencia Humana (EcoH), Chile
| | - Fernando E Rosas
- Fundación para el Estudio de la Conciencia Humana (EcoH), Chile; Centre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, UK; Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, UK; Centre for Complexity Science, Imperial College London, UK; Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Robert Whelan
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sol Fittipaldi
- Latin American Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés & CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Josephine Cruzat
- Latin American Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Fundación para el Estudio de la Conciencia Humana (EcoH), Chile
| | - Agustina Birba
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés & CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Moguilner
- Latin American Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enzo Tagliazucchi
- Latin American Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Buenos Aires Physics Institute and Physics Department, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pavel Prado
- Latin American Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Agustin Ibanez
- Latin American Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés & CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), CA, USA.
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21
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Rukundo P, Feng T, Pham V, Pieraut S. Moderate effect of early-life experience on dentate gyrus function. Mol Brain 2022; 15:92. [PMID: 36411441 PMCID: PMC9677655 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00980-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development, maturation, and plasticity of neural circuits are strongly influenced by experience and the interaction of an individual with their environment can have a long-lasting effect on cognitive function. Using an enriched environment (EE) paradigm, we have recently demonstrated that enhancing social, physical, and sensory activity during the pre-weaning time in mice led to an increase of inhibitory and excitatory synapses in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. The structural plasticity induced by experience may affect information processing in the circuit. The DG performs pattern separation, a computation that enables the encoding of very similar and overlapping inputs into dissimilar outputs. In the presented study, we have tested the hypothesis that an EE in juvenile mice will affect DG's functions that are relevant for pattern separation: the decorrelation of the inputs from the entorhinal cortex (EC) and the recruitment of the principal excitatory granule cell (GC) during behavior. First, using a novel slice electrophysiology protocol, we found that the transformation of the incoming signal from the EC afferents by individual GC is moderately affected by EE. We further show that EE does not affect behaviorally induced recruitment of principal excitatory GC. Lastly, using the novel object recognition task, a hippocampus-dependent memory test, we show that the ontogeny of this discrimination task was similar among the EE mice and the controls. Taken together, our work demonstrates that pre-weaning enrichment moderately affects DG function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pacifique Rukundo
- grid.266818.30000 0004 1936 914XDepartment of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA
| | - Ting Feng
- grid.266818.30000 0004 1936 914XDepartment of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA
| | - Vincent Pham
- grid.266818.30000 0004 1936 914XDepartment of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA
| | - Simon Pieraut
- grid.266818.30000 0004 1936 914XDepartment of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA
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22
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Chowdhury A, Luchetti A, Fernandes G, Filho DA, Kastellakis G, Tzilivaki A, Ramirez EM, Tran MY, Poirazi P, Silva AJ. A locus coeruleus-dorsal CA1 dopaminergic circuit modulates memory linking. Neuron 2022; 110:3374-3388.e8. [PMID: 36041433 PMCID: PMC10508214 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Individual memories are often linked so that the recall of one triggers the recall of another. For example, contextual memories acquired close in time can be linked, and this is known to depend on a temporary increase in excitability that drives the overlap between dorsal CA1 (dCA1) hippocampal ensembles that encode the linked memories. Here, we show that locus coeruleus (LC) cells projecting to dCA1 have a key permissive role in contextual memory linking, without affecting contextual memory formation, and that this effect is mediated by dopamine. Additionally, we found that LC-to-dCA1-projecting neurons modulate the excitability of dCA1 neurons and the extent of overlap between dCA1 memory ensembles as well as the stability of coactivity patterns within these ensembles. This discovery of a neuromodulatory system that specifically affects memory linking without affecting memory formation reveals a fundamental separation between the brain mechanisms modulating these two distinct processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Chowdhury
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, and Psychology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, and Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Alessandro Luchetti
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, and Psychology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, and Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Giselle Fernandes
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, and Psychology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, and Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Daniel Almeida Filho
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, and Psychology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, and Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - George Kastellakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas (FORTH), Vassilica Vouton, PO Box 1527, GR 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Alexandra Tzilivaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas (FORTH), Vassilica Vouton, PO Box 1527, GR 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin Germany
- Neurocure Cluster of Excellence Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erica M Ramirez
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, and Psychology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, and Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Mary Y Tran
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, and Psychology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, and Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Panayiota Poirazi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas (FORTH), Vassilica Vouton, PO Box 1527, GR 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Alcino J Silva
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, and Psychology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, and Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Lead contact
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23
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Sauer JF, Bartos M. Disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 is required for normal pyramidal cell-interneuron communication and assembly dynamics in the prefrontal cortex. eLife 2022; 11:79471. [PMID: 36239988 PMCID: PMC9566853 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We interrogated prefrontal circuit function in mice lacking Disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (Disc1-mutant mice), a risk factor for psychiatric disorders. Single-unit recordings in awake mice revealed reduced average firing rates of fast-spiking interneurons (INTs), including optogenetically identified parvalbumin-positive cells, and a lower proportion of INTs phase-coupled to ongoing gamma oscillations. Moreover, we observed decreased spike transmission efficacy at local pyramidal cell (PYR)-INT connections in vivo, suggesting a reduced excitatory effect of local glutamatergic inputs as a potential mechanism of lower INT rates. On the network level, impaired INT function resulted in altered activation of PYR assemblies: While assembly activations defined as coactivations within 25 ms were observed equally often, the expression strength of individual assembly patterns was significantly higher in Disc1-mutant mice. Our data, thus, reveal a role of Disc1 in shaping the properties of prefrontal assembly patterns by setting INT responsiveness to glutamatergic drive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas-Frederic Sauer
- Institute for Physiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marlene Bartos
- Institute for Physiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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24
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Abstract
When navigating through space, we must maintain a representation of our position in real time; when recalling a past episode, a memory can come back in a flash. Interestingly, the brain's spatial representation system, including the hippocampus, supports these two distinct timescale functions. How are neural representations of space used in the service of both real-world navigation and internal mnemonic processes? Recent progress has identified sequences of hippocampal place cells, evolving at multiple timescales in accordance with either navigational behaviors or internal oscillations, that underlie these functions. We review experimental findings on experience-dependent modulation of these sequential representations and consider how they link real-world navigation to time-compressed memories. We further discuss recent work suggesting the prevalence of these sequences beyond hippocampus and propose that these multiple-timescale mechanisms may represent a general algorithm for organizing cell assemblies, potentially unifying the dual roles of the spatial representation system in memory and navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Tang
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA;
| | - Shantanu P Jadhav
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA;
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25
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Takehara-Nishiuchi K. Neuronal ensemble dynamics in associative learning. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 73:102530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Folschweiller S, Sauer JF. Phase-specific pooling of sparse assembly activity by respiration-related brain oscillations. J Physiol 2022; 600:1991-2011. [PMID: 35218015 DOI: 10.1113/jp282631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal assemblies activate phase-coupled to ongoing respiration-related oscillations (RROs) in the medial prefrontal cortex of mice. The phase coupling strength of assemblies exceeds that of individual neurons. Assemblies preferentially activate during the descending phase of RRO. Despite higher assembly frequency during descending RRO, overlap between active assemblies remains constant across RRO phase. Putative GABAergic interneurons are preferentially recruited by assembly neurons during descending RRO, suggesting that interneurons might contribute to the segregation of active assemblies during the descending phase of RRO. ABSTRACT: Nasal breathing affects cognitive functions, but it has remained largely unclear how respiration-driven inputs shape information processing in neuronal circuits. Current theories emphasize the role of neuronal assemblies, coalitions of transiently active pyramidal cells, as the core unit of cortical network computations. Here, we show that the phase of respiration-related oscillations (RROs) influences the likelihood of activation of a subset of neuronal assemblies in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of awake mice. RROs bias the activation of neuronal assemblies more efficiently than that of individual neurons by entraining the coactivity of assembly neurons. Moreover, the activation of assemblies is moderately biased towards the descending phase of RROs. Despite the enriched activation of assemblies during descending RRO, the overlap between individual assemblies remains constant across RRO phases. Putative GABAergic interneurons are shown to coactivate with assemblies and receive enhanced excitatory drive from assembly neurons during descending RRO, suggesting that the phase-specific recruitment of putative interneurons might help to keep the activation of different assemblies separated from each other during times of preferred assembly activation. Our results thus identify respiration-synchronized brain rhythms as drivers of neuronal assemblies and point to a role of RROs in defining time windows of enhanced yet segregated assembly activity. Abstract figure legend. Nasal breathing affects cognitive functions, but it has remained largely unclear how respiration-driven inputs shape information processing in neuronal circuits. We show that the phase of respiration-related oscillations (RROs) influences the likelihood of the activation of a subset of neuronal assemblies in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of awake mice. The activation of assemblies is moderately biased towards the descending phase of RROs, while the overlap between individual assemblies remains constant across RRO phases. Putative GABAergic interneurons are shown to coactivate with assemblies and receive enhanced excitatory drive from assembly neurons during descending RRO, suggesting that the phase-specific recruitment of putative interneurons might help to keep the activation of different assemblies separated from each other. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Folschweiller
- Institute for Physiology I, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 7, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
| | - Jonas-Frederic Sauer
- Institute for Physiology I, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 7, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
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Zutshi I, Valero M, Fernández-Ruiz A, Buzsáki G. Extrinsic control and intrinsic computation in the hippocampal CA1 circuit. Neuron 2022; 110:658-673.e5. [PMID: 34890566 PMCID: PMC8857017 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In understanding circuit operations, a key problem is the extent to which neuronal spiking reflects local computation or responses to upstream inputs. We addressed this issue in the hippocampus by performing combined optogenetic and pharmacogenetic local and upstream inactivation. Silencing the medial entorhinal cortex (mEC) largely abolished extracellular theta and gamma currents in CA1 while only moderately affecting firing rates. In contrast, CA3 and local CA1 silencing strongly decreased firing of CA1 neurons without affecting theta currents. Each perturbation reconfigured the CA1 spatial map. However, the ability of the CA1 circuit to support place field activity persisted, maintaining the same fraction of spatially tuned place fields and reliable assembly expression as in the intact mouse. Thus, the CA1 network can induce and maintain coordinated cell assemblies with minimal reliance on its inputs, but these inputs can effectively reconfigure and assist in maintaining stability of the CA1 map.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipshita Zutshi
- New York University Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Manuel Valero
- New York University Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Antonio Fernández-Ruiz
- New York University Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - György Buzsáki
- New York University Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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28
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Nyberg N, Duvelle É, Barry C, Spiers HJ. Spatial goal coding in the hippocampal formation. Neuron 2022; 110:394-422. [PMID: 35032426 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian hippocampal formation contains several distinct populations of neurons involved in representing self-position and orientation. These neurons, which include place, grid, head direction, and boundary-vector cells, are thought to collectively instantiate cognitive maps supporting flexible navigation. However, to flexibly navigate, it is necessary to also maintain internal representations of goal locations, such that goal-directed routes can be planned and executed. Although it has remained unclear how the mammalian brain represents goal locations, multiple neural candidates have recently been uncovered during different phases of navigation. For example, during planning, sequential activation of spatial cells may enable simulation of future routes toward the goal. During travel, modulation of spatial cells by the prospective route, or by distance and direction to the goal, may allow maintenance of route and goal-location information, supporting navigation on an ongoing basis. As the goal is approached, an increased activation of spatial cells may enable the goal location to become distinctly represented within cognitive maps, aiding goal localization. Lastly, after arrival at the goal, sequential activation of spatial cells may represent the just-taken route, enabling route learning and evaluation. Here, we review and synthesize these and other evidence for goal coding in mammalian brains, relate the experimental findings to predictions from computational models, and discuss outstanding questions and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Nyberg
- Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Éléonore Duvelle
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Caswell Barry
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hugo J Spiers
- Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, UK.
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29
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Jones EAA, Rao A, Zilberter M, Djukic B, Bant JS, Gillespie AK, Koutsodendris N, Nelson M, Yoon SY, Huang K, Yuan H, Gill TM, Huang Y, Frank LM. Dentate gyrus and CA3 GABAergic interneurons bidirectionally modulate signatures of internal and external drive to CA1. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110159. [PMID: 34965435 PMCID: PMC9069800 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific classes of GABAergic neurons play specific roles in regulating information processing in the brain. In the hippocampus, two major classes, parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) and somatostatin-expressing (SST+), differentially regulate endogenous firing patterns and target subcellular compartments of principal cells. How these classes regulate the flow of information throughout the hippocampus is poorly understood. We hypothesize that PV+ and SST+ interneurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 differentially modulate CA3 patterns of output, thereby altering the influence of CA3 on CA1. We find that while suppressing either interneuron class increases DG and CA3 output, the effects on CA1 were very different. Suppressing PV+ interneurons increases local field potential signatures of coupling from CA3 to CA1 and decreases signatures of coupling from entorhinal cortex to CA1; suppressing SST+ interneurons has the opposite effect. Thus, DG and CA3 PV+ and SST+ interneurons bidirectionally modulate the flow of information through the hippocampal circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Aery Jones
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Antara Rao
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Misha Zilberter
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Biljana Djukic
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jason S. Bant
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Anna K. Gillespie
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nicole Koutsodendris
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Maxine Nelson
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Seo Yeon Yoon
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ky Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Heidi Yuan
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Theodore M. Gill
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yadong Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA,Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA,Departments of Neurology and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA,Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to: Loren Frank () or Yadong Huang ()
| | - Loren M. Frank
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence should be addressed to: Loren Frank () or Yadong Huang ()
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Wu YK, Zenke F. Nonlinear transient amplification in recurrent neural networks with short-term plasticity. eLife 2021; 10:71263. [PMID: 34895468 PMCID: PMC8820736 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To rapidly process information, neural circuits have to amplify specific activity patterns transiently. How the brain performs this nonlinear operation remains elusive. Hebbian assemblies are one possibility whereby strong recurrent excitatory connections boost neuronal activity. However, such Hebbian amplification is often associated with dynamical slowing of network dynamics, non-transient attractor states, and pathological run-away activity. Feedback inhibition can alleviate these effects but typically linearizes responses and reduces amplification gain. Here, we study nonlinear transient amplification (NTA), a plausible alternative mechanism that reconciles strong recurrent excitation with rapid amplification while avoiding the above issues. NTA has two distinct temporal phases. Initially, positive feedback excitation selectively amplifies inputs that exceed a critical threshold. Subsequently, short-term plasticity quenches the run-away dynamics into an inhibition-stabilized network state. By characterizing NTA in supralinear network models, we establish that the resulting onset transients are stimulus selective and well-suited for speedy information processing. Further, we find that excitatory-inhibitory co-tuning widens the parameter regime in which NTA is possible in the absence of persistent activity. In summary, NTA provides a parsimonious explanation for how excitatory-inhibitory co-tuning and short-term plasticity collaborate in recurrent networks to achieve transient amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Kris Wu
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Friedemann Zenke
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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Folschweiller S, Sauer JF. Respiration-Driven Brain Oscillations in Emotional Cognition. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:761812. [PMID: 34790100 PMCID: PMC8592085 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.761812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiration paces brain oscillations and the firing of individual neurons, revealing a profound impact of rhythmic breathing on brain activity. Intriguingly, respiration-driven entrainment of neural activity occurs in a variety of cortical areas, including those involved in higher cognitive functions such as associative neocortical regions and the hippocampus. Here we review recent findings of respiration-entrained brain activity with a particular focus on emotional cognition. We summarize studies from different brain areas involved in emotional behavior such as fear, despair, and motivation, and compile findings of respiration-driven activities across species. Furthermore, we discuss the proposed cellular and network mechanisms by which cortical circuits are entrained by respiration. The emerging synthesis from a large body of literature suggests that the impact of respiration on brain function is widespread across the brain and highly relevant for distinct cognitive functions. These intricate links between respiration and cognitive processes call for mechanistic studies of the role of rhythmic breathing as a timing signal for brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Folschweiller
- Institute for Physiology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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