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Swain SK, Kalidas-Singh S, Puyam A, Thakuria D, Maimom S, Zhiipao RR, Debnath A, Bhuyan S, Homeshwari-Devi M, Huidrom S, Tsomu T, Umbrey Y, Bagang P, Ravat VK, Lap B, Tangjang A, S. R. D. A comparative study of localized phosphorus application and broadcasting method on biomass production and their use efficiency on Chilli ( Capsicum annuum) under alkaline soil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1304963. [PMID: 38495368 PMCID: PMC10940543 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1304963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Rhizospheric based phosphorus (P) fertilizer management is necessary for crop production due to environmental concerns caused by the overuse of the broadcasting method and limited P reserves. This study proposes a comparison of P management that enhances P nutrition in Chilli (variety: Arka Khyati) through seedling root-dipping (SRD) in P-enriched slurry (SSP-amended; pH of 8.1), micro-dose placement (MDP; drill and place closer to plant root), and full dose (187.6 mg kg-1) placement by broadcasting (FD). In SRD, seedlings were dipped in five different P concentrations (50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg P2O5 kg-1) for varying durations (0, ½, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours) and transplanted into pots (dipping in 0 mg P2O5 kg-1 consider as control), along with the MDP and FD treatments (total 33 treatments with 5 replications). [Seedlings dipped in 200, 300, and 400 mg P2O5 kg-1 died within a week after transplanting, thus were excluded from further analysis]. The amount of P received in MDP and FD were 21-90 times higher than P adhesion to seedling roots in SRD treatments. Root volume was in order SRD>MDP>FD. Seedlings dipped in 100 mg P2O5 kg-1 for 2 hours in SRD exhibited the highest biomass production, P-use and -recovery efficiency; and showed an increase of 52%, 178%, and 293% in FD, MDP, and SRD compared to the control respectively. It is recommended to use the SRD method with other P sources in reduced amount to maintain the native P pool in soil, and further multilocational trials are needed to validate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanatan Kumar Swain
- School of Agriculture, Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ITM University, Gwalior, MP, India
| | - Sagolshem Kalidas-Singh
- School of Agriculture, Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ITM University, Gwalior, MP, India
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi University, Doimukh, India
| | - Anita Puyam
- College of Agriculture, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, India
| | - Dwipendra Thakuria
- Natural Resource Management, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, (Central Agricultural University-Imphal), Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Soniya Maimom
- Department of Entomology, College of Horticulture, (Central Agricultural University-Imphal), Bermiok, South Sikkim, India
| | - R. Rustum Zhiipao
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi University, Doimukh, India
| | - Ashim Debnath
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi University, Doimukh, India
| | - Samikhya Bhuyan
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi University, Doimukh, India
| | - Mayanglambam Homeshwari-Devi
- All India National Project (AINP) Soil Biodiversity and Biofertilizer, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, India
| | - Sangeeta Huidrom
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Thupten Tsomu
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi University, Doimukh, India
| | - Yashi Umbrey
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi University, Doimukh, India
| | - Punam Bagang
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi University, Doimukh, India
| | - Vikas Kumar Ravat
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi University, Doimukh, India
| | - Bharati Lap
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi University, Doimukh, India
| | - Avicha Tangjang
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi University, Doimukh, India
| | - Devegowda S. R.
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi University, Doimukh, India
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Liu N, Shang W, Guan M, Xiao J, Tian G, Ma B, Shang W, Li X, Zhao S, Li C, Cheng K, Zheng W. Phosphate deficiency responsive TaSPX3 is involved in the regulation of shoot phosphorus in Arabidopsis plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108215. [PMID: 38029619 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
SPX (SYG/PHO81/XPR1) domain genes have been reported to play vital roles in the Phosphorus (Pi) signaling network in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice. However, the functions of SPX proteins in wheat remain largely unknown. In this study, the full-length cDNA sequence of the TaSPX3 gene was cloned from the common wheat variety Zhengmai9023. The expression of TaSPX3 was up-regulated in eight different genotypes of wheat under low phosphorus (LP) stress, indicating that TaSPX3 responds to Pi limitation in multiple wheat genotypes. The transcription level of TaSPX3 was also detected in the absence of seven different elements, showing certain specificity for Pi deficiency in wheat. Over expressing TaSPX3 in Arabidopsis can alleviate Pi deficiency symptoms at the seedling stage and promote the growth of plant, and advance the flowering period at the adult stage. The expression of 7 genes associated with the Pi starvation signal pathways was analyzed using qRT-PCR. The results showed that TaSPX3, along with AtSPX1, AtRNS1, AtIPS1, AtPAP2, AtPAP17 and AtAT4, were all induced by Pi deficiency. This study reveals that the TaSPX3 gene in wheat is involved in the response to phosphorus stress and may affect shoot phosphorus levels through AT4 or PAPs-related pathways. Overall, our study provides new insights into the regulation of plant response under LP conditions and the molecular mechanism underlying the role of the wheat SPX gene in coping with LP stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengxin Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jibin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangxiang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baozhan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shijia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Wenming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China.
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Madison I, Gillan L, Peace J, Gabrieli F, Van den Broeck L, Jones JL, Sozzani R. Phosphate starvation: response mechanisms and solutions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6417-6430. [PMID: 37611151 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is essential to plant growth and agricultural crop yields, yet the challenges associated with phosphorus fertilization in agriculture, such as aquatic runoff pollution and poor phosphorus bioavailability, are increasingly difficult to manage. Comprehensively understanding the dynamics of phosphorus uptake and signaling mechanisms will inform the development of strategies to address these issues. This review describes regulatory mechanisms used by specific tissues in the root apical meristem to sense and take up phosphate from the rhizosphere. The major regulatory mechanisms and related hormone crosstalk underpinning phosphate starvation responses, cellular phosphate homeostasis, and plant adaptations to phosphate starvation are also discussed, along with an overview of the major mechanism of plant systemic phosphate starvation responses. Finally, this review discusses recent promising genetic engineering strategies for improving crop phosphorus use and computational approaches that may help further design strategies for improved plant phosphate acquisition. The mechanisms and approaches presented include a wide variety of species including not only Arabidopsis but also crop species such as Oryza sativa (rice), Glycine max (soybean), and Triticum aestivum (wheat) to address both general and species-specific mechanisms and strategies. The aspects of phosphorus deficiency responses and recently employed strategies of improving phosphate acquisition that are detailed in this review may provide insights into the mechanisms or phenotypes that may be targeted in efforts to improve crop phosphorus content and plant growth in low phosphorus soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imani Madison
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Lydia Gillan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jasmine Peace
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Flavio Gabrieli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DII), Università degli studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lisa Van den Broeck
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jacob L Jones
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Overexpression of a Plasma Membrane H +-ATPase Gene OSA1 Stimulates the Uptake of Primary Macronutrients in Rice Roots. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213904. [PMID: 36430382 PMCID: PMC9697395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase is a master enzyme involved in various plant physiological processes, such as stomatal movements in leaves and nutrient uptake and transport in roots. Overexpression of Oryza sativa PM H+-ATPase 1 (OSA1) has been known to increase NH4+ uptake in rice roots. Although electrophysiological and pharmacological experiments have shown that the transport of many substances is dependent on the proton motive force provided by PM H+-ATPase, the exact role of PM H+-ATPase on the uptake of nutrients in plant roots, especially for the primary macronutrients N, P, and K, is still largely unknown. Here, we used OSA1 overexpression lines (OSA1-oxs) and gene-knockout osa1 mutants to investigate the effect of modulation of PM H+-ATPase on the absorption of N, P, and K nutrients through the use of a nutrient-exhaustive method and noninvasive microtest technology (NMT) in rice roots. Our results showed that under different concentrations of P and K, the uptake rates of P and K were enhanced in OSA1-oxs; by contrast, the uptake rates of P and K were significantly reduced in roots of osa1 mutants when compared with wild-type. In addition, the net influx rates of NH4+ and K+, as well as the efflux rate of H+, were enhanced in OSA1-oxs and suppressed in osa1 mutants under low concentration conditions. In summary, this study indicated that overexpression of OSA1 stimulated the uptake rate of N, P, and K and promoted flux rates of cations (i.e., H+, NH4+, and K+) in rice roots. These results may provide a novel insight into improving the coordinated utilization of macronutrients in crop plants.
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Wu Q, Jing HK, Feng ZH, Huang J, Shen RF, Zhu XF. Salicylic Acid Acts Upstream of Auxin and Nitric Oxide (NO) in Cell Wall Phosphorus Remobilization in Phosphorus Deficient Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:42. [PMID: 35920901 PMCID: PMC9349334 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is thought to be involved in phosphorus (P) stress response in plants, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we showed that P deficiency significantly increased the endogenous SA content by inducing the SA synthesis pathway, especially for up-regulating the expression of PAL3. Furthermore, rice SA synthetic mutants pal3 exhibited the decreased root and shoot soluble P content, indicating that SA is involved in P homeostasis in plants. Subsequently, application of exogenous SA could increase the root and shoot soluble P content through regulating the root and shoot cell wall P reutilization. In addition, - P + SA treatment highly upregulated the expression of P transporters such as OsPT2 and OsPT6, together with the increased xylem P content, suggesting that SA also participates in the translocation of the P from the root to the shoot. Moreover, both signal molecular nitric oxide (NO) and auxin (IAA) production were enhanced when SA is applied while the addition of respective inhibitor c-PTIO (NO scavenger) and NPA (IAA transport inhibitor) significantly decreased the root and shoot cell wall P remobilization in response to P starvation. Taken together, here SA-IAA-NO-cell wall P reutilization pathway has been discovered in P-starved rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huai-Kang Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Hang Feng
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138657, Japan
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ren-Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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6
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Berry JC, Qi M, Sonawane BV, Sheflin A, Cousins A, Prenni J, Schachtman DP, Liu P, Bart RS. Increased signal-to-noise ratios within experimental field trials by regressing spatially distributed soil properties as principal components. eLife 2022; 11:e70056. [PMID: 35819140 PMCID: PMC9275819 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental variability poses a major challenge to any field study. Researchers attempt to mitigate this challenge through replication. Thus, the ability to detect experimental signals is determined by the degree of replication and the amount of environmental variation, noise, within the experimental system. A major source of noise in field studies comes from the natural heterogeneity of soil properties which create microtreatments throughout the field. In addition, the variation within different soil properties is often nonrandomly distributed across a field. We explore this challenge through a sorghum field trial dataset with accompanying plant, microbiome, and soil property data. Diverse sorghum genotypes and two watering regimes were applied in a split-plot design. We describe a process of identifying, estimating, and controlling for the effects of spatially distributed soil properties on plant traits and microbial communities using minimal degrees of freedom. Importantly, this process provides a method with which sources of environmental variation in field data can be identified and adjusted, improving our ability to resolve effects of interest and to quantify subtle phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mingsheng Qi
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisUnited States
| | | | - Amy Sheflin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
| | - Asaph Cousins
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State UniversityPullmanUnited States
| | - Jessica Prenni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
| | - Daniel P Schachtman
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnUnited States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State UniversityAmesUnited States
| | - Rebecca S Bart
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisUnited States
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Yoshitake Y, Shinozaki D, Yoshimoto K. Autophagy triggered by iron-mediated ER stress is an important stress response to the early phase of Pi starvation in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:1370-1381. [PMID: 35306710 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is essential for plant growth. However, Pi is often limiting in soil. Hence, plants have established several mechanisms of response to Pi starvation. One of the important mechanisms is Pi recycling, which includes membrane lipid remodeling and plastid DNA degradation via catabolic enzymes. However, the involvement of other degradation systems in Pi recycling remains unclear. Autophagy, a system for degradation of intracellular components, contributes to recycling of some nutrients, such as nitrogen, carbon, and zinc, under starvation. In the present study, we found that autophagy-deficient mutants depleted Pi early and exhibited severe leaf growth defects under Pi starvation. The main cargo of autophagy induced by early Pi depleted conditions was the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), indicating that ER-phagy, a type of autophagy that selectively degrades the ER, is involved in the response to the early phase of Pi starvation for contribution to Pi recycling. This ER-phagy was suppressed in an INOSITOL-REQUIRING ENZYME 1 double mutant, ire1a ire1b, in which ER stress responses are defective, suggesting that the early Pi starvation induced ER-phagy is induced by ER stress. Furthermore, iron limitation and inhibition of lipid-reactive oxygen species accumulation suppressed the ER-phagy. Interestingly, membrane lipid remodeling, a response to late Pi starvation, was accelerated in the ire1a ire1b under early Pi-depleted conditions. Our findings reveal the existence of two different phases of responses to Pi starvation (i.e. early and late) and indicate that ER stress-mediated ER-phagy is involved in Pi recycling in the early phase to suppress acceleration of the late phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Yoshitake
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Tama-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Daiki Shinozaki
- Life Science Program, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Tama-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kohki Yoshimoto
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Tama-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
- Life Science Program, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Tama-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
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Cheah BH, Liao PC, Lo JC, Wang YT, Tang IC, Yeh KC, Lee DY, Lin YF. Insight into the mechanism of indium toxicity in rice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:128265. [PMID: 35077975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Indium is widely used in the technology industry and is an emerging form of environmental pollution. The presence of indium in soil and groundwater inhibits shoot and root growth in crops, thus reducing yields. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown, making it difficult to design effective countermeasures. We explored the spatiotemporal effects of excess indium on the morphological, physiological and biochemical properties of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Indium accumulated mainly in the roots, severely restricting their growth and causing the acute perturbation of phosphorus, magnesium and iron homeostasis. Other effects included leaf necrosis and anatomical changes in the roots (thinned sclerenchyma and enlarged epidermal and exodermal layers). Whole-transcriptome sequencing revealed that rice immediately responded to indium stress by activating genes involved in heavy metal tolerance and phosphate starvation responses, including the expression of genes encoding phosphate-regulated transcription factors and transporters in the roots. Direct indium toxicity rather than phosphate deficiency was identified as the major factor affecting the growth of rice plants, resulting in the profound phenotypic changes we observed. The application of exogenous phosphate alleviated indium toxicity by reducing indium uptake. Our results suggest that indium immobilization could be used to prevent indium toxicity in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Huat Cheah
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chu Liao
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Chi Lo
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsen Wang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - I-Chien Tang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Yeh
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Dar-Yuan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fen Lin
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Long-Term Biosolids Application on Land: Beneficial Recycling of Nutrients or Eutrophication of Agroecosystems? SOIL SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems6010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The impact of repeated application of alkaline biosolids (sewage sludge) products over more than a decade on soil concentrations of nutrients and trace metals, and potential for uptake of these elements by crops was investigated by analyzing soils from farm fields near Oklahoma City. Total, extractable (by the Modified Morgan test), and water-soluble elements, including macronutrients and trace metals, were measured in biosolids-amended soils and, for comparison, in soils that had received little or no biosolids. Soil testing showed that the biosolids-amended soils had higher pH and contained greater concentrations of organic carbon, N, S, P, and Ca than the control soils. Soil extractable P concentrations in the biosolids-amended soils averaged at least 10 times the recommended upper limit for agricultural soils, with P in the amended soils more labile and soluble than the P in control soils. Several trace elements (most notably Zn, Cu, and Mo) had higher total and extractable concentrations in the amended soils compared to the controls. A radish plant assay revealed greater phytoavailability of Zn, P, Mo, and S (but not Cu) in the amended soils. The excess extractable and soluble P in these biosolids-amended soils has created a long-term source of slow-release P that may contribute to the eutrophication of adjacent surface waters and contamination of groundwater. While the beneficial effects of increased soil organic carbon on measures of “soil health” have been emphasized in past studies of long-term biosolids application, the present study reveals that these benefits may be offset by negative impacts on soils, crops, and the environment from excessive nutrient loading.
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Li Z, Hu J, Wu Y, Wang J, Song H, Chai M, Cong L, Miao F, Ma L, Tang W, Yang C, Tao Q, Zhong S, Zhao Y, Liu H, Yang G, Wang Z, Sun J. Integrative analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome reveal the phosphate deficiency response pathways of alfalfa. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 170:49-63. [PMID: 34847401 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying the responses to inorganic phosphate (Pi) deficiency in alfalfa will help enhance Pi acquisition efficiency and the sustainable use of phosphorous resources. Integrated global metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of mid-vegetative alfalfa seedlings under 12-day Pi deficiency were conducted. Limited seedling growth were found, including 13.24%, 16.85% and 33.36% decreases in height, root length and photosynthesis, and a 24.10% increase in root-to-shoot ratio on day 12. A total of 322 and 448 differentially abundant metabolites and 1199 and 1061 differentially expressed genes were identified in roots and shoots. Increased (>3.68-fold) inorganic phosphate transporter 1;4 and SPX proteins levels in the roots (>2.15-fold) and shoots (>2.50-fold) were related to Pi absorption and translocation. The levels of phospholipids and Pi-binding carbohydrates and nucleosides were decreased, while those of phosphatases and pyrophosphatases in whole seedlings were induced under reduced Pi. In addition, nitrogen assimilation was affected by inhibiting high-affinity nitrate transporters (NRT2.1 and NRT3.1), and nitrate reductase. Increased delphinidin-3-glucoside might contribute to the gray-green leaves induced by Pi limitation. Stress-induced MYB, WRKY and ERF transcription factors were identified. The responses of alfalfa to Pi deficiency were summarized as local systemic signaling pathways, including root growth, stress-related responses consisting of enzymatic and nonenzymatic systems, and hormone signaling and systemic signaling pathways including Pi recycling and Pi sensing in the whole plant, as well as Pi recovery, and nitrate and metal absorption in the roots. This study provides important information on the molecular mechanism of the response to Pi deficiency in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Li
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingyun Hu
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jixiang Wang
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Song
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Maofeng Chai
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Cong
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fuhong Miao
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lichao Ma
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qibo Tao
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shangzhi Zhong
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiran Zhao
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongqing Liu
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zengyu Wang
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Sun
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
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Pegler JL, Nguyen DQ, Oultram JMJ, Grof CPL, Eamens AL. Molecular Manipulation of the miR396 and miR399 Expression Modules Alters the Response of Arabidopsis thaliana to Phosphate Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122570. [PMID: 34961041 PMCID: PMC8706208 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In plant cells, the molecular and metabolic processes of nucleic acid synthesis, phospholipid production, coenzyme activation and the generation of the vast amount of chemical energy required to drive these processes relies on an adequate supply of the essential macronutrient, phosphorous (P). The requirement of an appropriate level of P in plant cells is evidenced by the intricately linked molecular mechanisms of P sensing, signaling and transport. One such mechanism is the posttranscriptional regulation of the P response pathway by the highly conserved plant microRNA (miRNA), miR399. In addition to miR399, numerous other plant miRNAs are also required to respond to environmental stress, including miR396. Here, we exposed Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) transformant lines which harbor molecular modifications to the miR396 and miR399 expression modules to phosphate (PO4) starvation. We show that molecular alteration of either miR396 or miR399 abundance afforded the Arabidopsis transformant lines different degrees of tolerance to PO4 starvation. Furthermore, RT-qPCR assessment of PO4-starved miR396 and miR399 transformants revealed that the tolerance displayed by these plant lines to this form of abiotic stress most likely stemmed from the altered expression of the target genes of these two miRNAs. Therefore, this study forms an early step towards the future development of molecularly modified plant lines which possess a degree of tolerance to growth in a PO4 deficient environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L. Pegler
- Centre for Plant Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.L.P.); (D.Q.N.); (J.M.J.O.); (C.P.L.G.)
| | - Duc Quan Nguyen
- Centre for Plant Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.L.P.); (D.Q.N.); (J.M.J.O.); (C.P.L.G.)
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Research and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Jackson M. J. Oultram
- Centre for Plant Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.L.P.); (D.Q.N.); (J.M.J.O.); (C.P.L.G.)
| | - Christopher P. L. Grof
- Centre for Plant Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.L.P.); (D.Q.N.); (J.M.J.O.); (C.P.L.G.)
| | - Andrew L. Eamens
- Centre for Plant Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.L.P.); (D.Q.N.); (J.M.J.O.); (C.P.L.G.)
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence:
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12
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Xiao J, Xie X, Li C, Xing G, Cheng K, Li H, Liu N, Tan J, Zheng W. Identification of SPX family genes in the maize genome and their expression under different phosphate regimes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:211-220. [PMID: 34649024 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have revealed that SPX (SYG1/Pho81/XPR1) family genes play a key role in signal transduction related to phosphorus (P) deficiency in plants. Here, we identified 33 SPX gene family members in maize through genome-wide analysis and classified them into 4 subfamilies according to SPX structural characteristics (SPX, SPX-MFS, SPX-EXS and SPX-RING). The promoter regions of ZmSPXs are rich in biotic/abiotic-related stress elements. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis of 33 ZmSPXs revealed that all members except for ZmSPX3 of the SPX subfamily were significantly induced under P-deficient conditions, especially ZmSPX4.1 and ZmSPX4.2, which showed strong responses to low P stress and exhibited remarkably different expression patterns in low Pi sensitive and insensitive cultivars of maize. These results suggested that the SPX subfamily might play pivotal roles in P stress sensing and response. Experimental observations of subcellular localization in maize protoplasts indicated the following results, implying multiple roles in cell metabolism: ZmSPX2, ZmSPX5 and ZmSPX6 localized in the nucleus; ZmSPX1 and ZmSPX3 localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm; and ZmSPX4.2 localized in the chloroplast. A Y2H assay suggested that ZmPHR1 could interact with ZmSPX3, ZmSPX4.2, ZmSPX5, and ZmSPX6, indicating the involvement of these proteins in the P stress response in a ZmPHR1-mediated manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibin Xiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops / State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Xuanmin Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops / State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Chuang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops / State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Guozhen Xing
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops / State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Kun Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops / State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Hui Li
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Na Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops / State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Jinfang Tan
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Wenming Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops / State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Jiang W, He P, Zhou M, Lu X, Chen K, Liang C, Tian J. Soybean responds to phosphate starvation through reversible protein phosphorylation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:222-234. [PMID: 34371392 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) deficiency is considered as a major constraint on crop production. Although a set of adaptative strategies are extensively suggested in soybean (Glycine max) to phosphate (Pi) deprivation, molecular mechanisms underlying reversible protein phosphorylation in soybean responses to P deficiency remains largely unclear. In this study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation, combined with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry analysis was performed to identify differential phosphoproteins in soybean roots under Pi sufficient and deficient conditions. A total of 427 phosphoproteins were found to exhibit differential accumulations, with 213 up-regulated and 214 down-regulated. Among them, a nitrate reductase, GmNR4 exhibiting increased phosphorylation levels under low Pi conditions, was further selected to evaluate the effects of phosphorylation on its nitrate reductase activity and subcellular localization. Mutations of GmNR4 phosphorylation levels significantly influenced its activity in vitro, but not for its subcellular localization. Taken together, identification of differential phosphoproteins reveled the complex regulatory pathways for soybean adaptation to Pi starvation through reversible protein phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Jiang
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Panmin He
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xing Lu
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Cuiyue Liang
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Jiang Tian
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Morphological and Metabolite Responses of Potatoes under Various Phosphorus Levels and Their Amelioration by Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105162. [PMID: 34068175 PMCID: PMC8153024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low phosphorus (P) availability is a major limiting factor for potatoes. P fertilizer is applied to enhance P availability; however, it may become toxic when plants accumulate at high concentrations. Therefore, it is necessary to gain more knowledge of the morphological and biochemical processes associated with P deficiency and toxicity for potatoes, as well as to explore an alternative approach to ameliorate the P deficiency condition. A comprehensive study was conducted (I) to assess plant morphology, mineral allocation, and metabolites of potatoes in response to P deficiency and toxicity; and (II) to evaluate the potency of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in improving plant biomass, P uptake, and metabolites at low P levels. The results revealed a reduction in plant height and biomass by 60–80% under P deficiency compared to P optimum. P deficiency and toxicity conditions also altered the mineral concentration and allocation in plants due to nutrient imbalance. The stress induced by both P deficiency and toxicity was evident from an accumulation of proline and total free amino acids in young leaves and roots. Furthermore, root metabolite profiling revealed that P deficiency reduced sugars by 50–80% and organic acids by 20–90%, but increased amino acids by 1.5–14.8 times. However, the effect of P toxicity on metabolic changes in roots was less pronounced. Under P deficiency, PGPR significantly improved the root and shoot biomass, total root length, and root surface area by 32–45%. This finding suggests the potency of PGPR inoculation to increase potato plant tolerance under P deficiency.
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Takehisa H, Sato Y. Transcriptome-based approaches for clarification of nutritional responses and improvement of crop production. BREEDING SCIENCE 2021; 71:76-88. [PMID: 33762878 PMCID: PMC7973498 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.20098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide transcriptome profiling is a powerful tool for identifying key genes and pathways involved in plant development and physiological processes. This review summarizes studies that have used transcriptome profiling mainly in rice to focus on responses to macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and spatio-temporal root profiling in relation to the regulation of root system architecture as well as nutrient uptake and transport. We also discuss strategies based on meta- and co-expression analyses with different attributed transcriptome data, which can be used for investigating the regulatory mechanisms and dynamics of nutritional responses and adaptation, and speculate on further advances in transcriptome profiling that could have potential application to crop breeding and cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinako Takehisa
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sato
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan
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16
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Molecular Manipulation of the miR399/ PHO2 Expression Module Alters the Salt Stress Response of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS 2020; 10:plants10010073. [PMID: 33396498 PMCID: PMC7824465 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), the microRNA399 (miR399)/PHOSPHATE2 (PHO2) expression module is central to the response of Arabidopsis to phosphate (PO4) stress. In addition, miR399 has been demonstrated to also alter in abundance in response to salt stress. We therefore used a molecular modification approach to alter miR399 abundance to investigate the requirement of altered miR399 abundance in Arabidopsis in response to salt stress. The generated transformant lines, MIM399 and MIR399 plants, with reduced and elevated miR399 abundance respectively, displayed differences in their phenotypic and physiological response to those of wild-type Arabidopsis (Col-0) plants following exposure to a 7-day period of salt stress. However, at the molecular level, elevated miR399 abundance, and therefore, altered PHO2 target gene expression in salt-stressed Col-0, MIM399 and MIR399 plants, resulted in significant changes to the expression level of the two PO4 transporter genes, PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER1;4 (PHT1;4) and PHT1;9. Elevated PHT1;4 and PHT1;9 PO4 transporter levels in salt stressed Arabidopsis would enhance PO4 translocation from the root to the shoot tissue which would supply additional levels of this precious cellular resource that could be utilized by the aerial tissues of salt stressed Arabidopsis to either maintain essential biological processes or to mount an adaptive response to salt stress.
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17
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Zakrzewska J, Lj Mitrović A, Mutavdžić D, Dučić T, Radotić K. Phosphorus homeostasis in Populus alba L. under excess phosphate conditions, assessed by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray microfluorescence. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3320-3328. [PMID: 31838696 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The phosphates (Pi) are nowadays recognized as pollutants. We studied the effect of Pi (0.625-12.500 mM KH2PO4) in the culture medium on in vitro grown 2-month-old Populus alba trees. The levels of sugar phosphates and vacuolar and cytoplasmic Pi in cell compartments of roots and stems were determined using 31P NMR, while tissue-specific micro- and macroelements mapping on stem cross-sections were performed using synchrotron-based X-ray microfluorescence. Plants grown on 0.625 mM Pi (MS/2 medium) showed a survival rate of 70%. With the increase in Pi concentrations up to 6.250 mM, plant growth and survival increased, without changes in total P content per mass or in the levels of cytoplasmic and vacuolar phosphates, in both stems and roots, while the levels of Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca and Mn in stems increased. Further increase in Pi to 9.375 and 12.500 mM in the medium resulted in inhibited growth comparable with plants grown on MS/2, with the increase in total P content per mass up to 50%, in both stems and roots, but with no changes in cytoplasmic and vacuolar phosphates; 12.500 mM Pi affected even plant survival (70%) and thus might be considered as mildly toxic. 31P NMR results indicate that the high tolerance of P. alba to increased Pi could result from its ability to maintain an intracellular P homeostasis, despite P accumulation up to 50%, in both stems and roots, indicating P. alba as a promising wood species for dendroremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Zakrzewska
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12/V, Belgrade, 11158, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Lj Mitrović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Dragosav Mutavdžić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Tanja Dučić
- CELLS - ALBA, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08290, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ksenija Radotić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
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Cyanide produced with ethylene by ACS and its incomplete detoxification by β-CAS in mango inflorescence leads to malformation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18361. [PMID: 31797981 PMCID: PMC6892883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54787-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malformation of mango inflorescences (MMI) disease causes severe economic losses worldwide. Present research investigates the underlying causes of MMI. Results revealed significantly higher levels of cyanide, a by-product of ethylene biosynthesis, in malformed inflorescences (MI) of mango cultivars. There was a significant rise in ACS transcripts, ACS enzyme activity and cyanide and ethylene levels in MI as compared to healthy inflorescences (HI). Significant differences in levels of methionine, phosphate, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, ascorbate and glutathione, and activities of dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase were seen in MI over HI. Further, a lower expression of β-cyanoalanine synthase (β-CAS) transcript was associated with decreased cellular β-CAS activity in MI, indicating accumulation of unmetabolized cyanide. TEM studies showed increased gum-resinosis and necrotic cell organelles, which might be attributed to unmetabolized cyanide. In field trials, increased malformed-necrotic-inflorescence (MNI) by spraying ethrel and decreased MNI by treating with ethylene inhibitors (silver and cobalt ions) further confirmed the involvement of cyanide in MMI. Implying a role for cyanide in MMI at the physiological and molecular level, this study will contribute to better understanding of the etiology of mango inflorescence malformation, and also help manipulate mango varieties genetically for resistance to malformation.
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Kaur G, Shukla V, Kumar A, Kaur M, Goel P, Singh P, Shukla A, Meena V, Kaur J, Singh J, Mantri S, Rouached H, Pandey AK. Integrative analysis of hexaploid wheat roots identifies signature components during iron starvation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:6141-6161. [PMID: 31738431 PMCID: PMC6859736 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for all organisms. In crop plants, Fe deficiency can decrease crop yield significantly; however, our current understanding of how major crops respond to Fe deficiency remains limited. Herein, the effect of Fe deprivation at both the transcriptomic and metabolic level in hexaploid wheat was investigated. Genome-wide gene expression reprogramming was observed in wheat roots subjected to Fe starvation, with a total of 5854 genes differentially expressed. Homoeologue and subgenome-specific analysis unveiled the induction-biased contribution from the A and B genomes. In general, the predominance of genes coding for nicotianamine synthase, yellow stripe-like transporters, metal transporters, ABC transporters, and zinc-induced facilitator-like protein was noted. Expression of genes related to the Strategy II mode of Fe uptake was also predominant. Our transcriptomic data were in agreement with the GC-MS analysis that showed the enhanced accumulation of various metabolites such as fumarate, malonate, succinate, and xylofuranose, which could be contributing to Fe mobilization. Interestingly, Fe starvation leads to a significant temporal increase of glutathione S-transferase at both the transcriptional level and enzymatic activity level, which indicates the involvement of glutathione in response to Fe stress in wheat roots. Taken together, our result provides new insight into the wheat response to Fe starvation at the molecular level and lays the foundation to design new strategies for the improvement of Fe nutrition in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazaldeep Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishnu Shukla
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Mohali, Punjab, India
- University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Parul Goel
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Palvinder Singh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Anuj Shukla
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Varsha Meena
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jagtar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shrikant Mantri
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Hatem Rouached
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, INRA, CNRS, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Ajay Kumar Pandey
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Mohali, Punjab, India
- Correspondence: or
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20
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Lee HY, Chen Z, Zhang C, Yoon GM. Editing of the OsACS locus alters phosphate deficiency-induced adaptive responses in rice seedlings. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1927-1940. [PMID: 30810167 PMCID: PMC6436150 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate (Pi) deficiency severely influences the growth and reproduction of plants. To cope with Pi deficiency, plants initiate morphological and biochemical adaptive responses upon sensing low Pi in the soil, and the plant hormone ethylene plays a crucial role during this process. However, how regulation of ethylene biosynthesis influences the Pi-induced adaptive responses remains unclear. Here, we determine the roles of rice 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS), the rate-limiting enzymes in ethylene biosynthesis, in response to Pi deficiency. Through analysis of tissue-specific expression of OsACS in response to Pi deficiency and OsACS mutants generated by CRISPR/Cas9 [clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9] genome editing, we found that two members of the OsACS family, i.e. OsACS1 and OsACS2, are involved but differed in their importance in controlling the remodeling of root system architecture, transcriptional regulation of Pi starvation-induced genes, and cellular phosphorus homeostasis. Interestingly, in contrast to the known inhibitory role of ethylene on root elongation, both OsACS mutants, especially OsACS1, almost fail to promote lateral root growth in response to Pi deficiency, demonstrating a stimulatory role for ethylene in lateral root development under Pi-deficient conditions. Together, this study provides new insights into the roles of ethylene in Pi deficiency response in rice seedlings and the isoform-specific function of OsACS genes in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yong Lee
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Zhixiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Cankui Zhang
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Gyeong Mee Yoon
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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21
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Charles ED, Muhamadali H, Goodacre R, Pittman JK. Biochemical signatures of acclimation by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to different ionic stresses. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Naureen Z, Sham A, Al Ashram H, Gilani SA, Al Gheilani S, Mabood F, Hussain J, Al Harrasi A, AbuQamar SF. Effect of phosphate nutrition on growth, physiology and phosphate transporter expression of cucumber seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 127:211-222. [PMID: 29614440 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although abundantly present in soils, inorganic phosphate (Pi) acquisition by plants is highly dependent on the transmembrane phosphate transporter (PT) gene family. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) requires a large amount of phosphorus (P). The purpose of this study was to isolate the CsPT2-1 from cucumber roots, and to determine the influence of Pi nutrition on cucumber growth, metabolism and transcript levels of CsPT2-1 in tissues. Full length CsPT2-1 was cloned and phylogenetically identified. In two greenhouse experiments, P-deficient seedlings provided with low or high P concentrations were sampled at 10 and 21 days post treatment, respectively. Addition of P dramatically reduced growth of roots but not shoots. Supplying plants with high P resulted in increased total protein in leaves. Acid phosphatase activity increased significantly in leaves at any rate higher than 4 mM P. Increasing P concentration had a notable decrease in glucose concentrations in leaves of plants supplied with >0.5 mM P. In roots, glucose and starch concentrations increased with increasing P supply. Steady-state transcript levels of CsPT2-1 were high in P-deprived roots, but declined when plants were provided >10 mM P. To our knowledge, this is the first report focusing on a PT and its expression levels in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakira Naureen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Arjun Sham
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hibatullah Al Ashram
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed A Gilani
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Salma Al Gheilani
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Fazal Mabood
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Javid Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al Harrasi
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Oman
| | - Synan F AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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