1
|
Einav T, Creanga A, Andrews SF, McDermott AB, Kanekiyo M. Harnessing low dimensionality to visualize the antibody-virus landscape for influenza. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 3:164-173. [PMID: 38177625 PMCID: PMC10766546 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-022-00375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Antibodies constitute a key line of defense against the diverse pathogens we encounter in our lives. Although the interactions between a single antibody and a single virus are routinely characterized in exquisite detail, the inherent tradeoffs between attributes such as potency and breadth remain unclear. Moreover, there is a wide gap between the discrete interactions of single antibodies and the collective behavior of antibody mixtures. Here we develop a form of antigenic cartography called a 'neutralization landscape' that visualizes and quantifies antibody-virus interactions for antibodies targeting the influenza hemagglutinin stem. This landscape transforms the potency-breadth tradeoff into a readily solvable geometry problem. With it, we decompose the collective neutralization from multiple antibodies to characterize the composition and functional properties of the stem antibodies within. Looking forward, this framework can leverage the serological assays routinely performed for influenza surveillance to analyze how an individual's antibody repertoire evolves after vaccination or infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tal Einav
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Adrian Creanga
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah F Andrews
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Masaru Kanekiyo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tang W, Xie H, Ye Z, Eick-Cost AA, Scheckelhoff M, Gustin CE, Bream JH, Plant EP. Post-vaccination serum cytokines levels correlate with breakthrough influenza infections. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1174. [PMID: 36670200 PMCID: PMC9857916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-vaccination cytokine levels from 256 young adults who subsequently suffered breakthrough influenza infections were compared with matched controls. Modulation within the immune system is important for eliciting a protective response, and the optimal response differs according to vaccine formulation and delivery. For both inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) and live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) lower levels of IL-8 were observed in post-vaccination sera. Post-vaccination antibody levels were higher and IFN-γ levels were lower in IIV sera compared to LAIV sera. Subjects who suffered breakthrough infections after IIV vaccination had higher levels of sCD25 compared to the control group. There were differences in LAIV post-vaccination interleukin levels for subjects who subsequently suffered breakthrough infections, but these differences were masked in subjects who received concomitant vaccines. Wide variances, sex-based differences and confounders such as concomitant vaccines thwart the establishment of specific cytokine responses as a correlate of protection, but our results provide real world evidence that the status of the immune system following vaccination is important for successful vaccination and subsequent protection against disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weichun Tang
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Disease, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Hang Xie
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Disease, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Zhiping Ye
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Disease, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Angelia A Eick-Cost
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Mark Scheckelhoff
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Courtney E Gustin
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jay H Bream
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ewan P Plant
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Disease, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tawfik A, Kawaguchi T, Takahashi M, Setoh K, Yamaguchi I, Tabara Y, Van Steen K, Sakuntabhai A, Matsuda F. Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine response and immunogenicity assessment after one week and three months in repeatedly vaccinated adults. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:826-838. [PMID: 37747798 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2262563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influenza vaccine administrated every year is a recommended infection control procedure for individuals above the age of six months. However, the effectiveness of repeated annual vaccination is still an active research topic. Therefore, we investigated the vaccine immunogenicity in two independent groups: previously vaccinated versus non-vaccinated individuals at three time points; prior vaccination, one week and three months post vaccination. The assessment enabled us to evaluate the elicited immune responses and the durability of the induced protection in both groups. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A research study was conducted to assess the immunogenicity of a single dose of Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B) in 278 healthy adults aged between 32 and 66 years. Almost half of the participants, 140 (50·36%), received influenza vaccination at least once precursor to past influenza seasons. One blood sample was taken prior to vaccination for complete blood analysis and baseline immunogenicity assessment. The selected study participants received a single vaccine dose on the first day, and then followed up for three months. Two blood samples were taken after one week and three months post vaccination, respectively, for vaccine immunogenicity assessment. RESULTS Before vaccination, the seroprotection, defined as a hemagglutination-inhibiting titer of =>1:40, was detected for the three vaccine virus strains in 20 previously vaccinated participants (14·29%) [8·95%, 21·2%]. We compared the overall vaccine response for the three virus strains using a normalized response score calculated from linearly transformed titer measurements; the score before vaccination was 84% higher in the previously vaccinated group and the mean difference between the two groups was statistically significant. Three months post-vaccination, we didn't find a significant difference in vaccine responses; the number of fully seroprotected individuals became 48 (34·29%) [26·48%, 42·77%] in the previously vaccinated group and 59 (42·75%) [34·37%, 51·45%] in the non-vaccinated group. The calculated response score was almost equal in both groups and the mean difference was no longer statistically significant. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that a single dose of influenza vaccine is equally protective after three months for annually vaccinated adults and first-time vaccine receivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Tawfik
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR2000, Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Paris, France
- Pasteur International Unit at Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Meiko Takahashi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuya Setoh
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Izumi Yamaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kristel Van Steen
- BIO3 - Laboratory for Systems Genetics, GIGA-R Medical Genomics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- BIO3 - Laboratory for Systems Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, Leuven, Leuven, KU, Belgium
| | - Anavaj Sakuntabhai
- Pasteur International Unit at Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR2000, Ecology and Emergence of Arthropod-borne Pathogens Unit, Paris, France
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ertesvåg NU, Cox RJ, Lartey SL, Mohn KGI, Brokstad KA, Trieu MC. Seasonal influenza vaccination expands hemagglutinin-specific antibody breadth to older and future A/H3N2 viruses. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:67. [PMID: 35750781 PMCID: PMC9232600 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
History of influenza A/H3N2 exposure, especially childhood infection, shape antibody responses after influenza vaccination and infection, but have not been extensively studied. We investigated the breadth and durability of influenza A/H3N2-specific hemagglutinin-inhibition antibodies after live-attenuated influenza vaccine in children (aged 3-17 years, n = 42), and after inactivated influenza vaccine or infection in adults (aged 22-61 years, n = 42) using 14 antigenically distinct A/H3N2 viruses circulating from 1968 to 2018. We found that vaccination and infection elicited cross-reactive antibody responses, predominantly directed against newer or future strains. Childhood H3-priming increased the breadth and magnitude of back-boosted A/H3N2-specific antibodies in adults. Broader and more durable A/H3N2-specific antibodies were observed in repeatedly vaccinated adults than in children and previously unvaccinated adults. Our findings suggest that early A/H3N2 exposure and frequent seasonal vaccination could increase the breadth and seropositivity of antibody responses, which may improve vaccine protection against future viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Urke Ertesvåg
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Rebecca Jane Cox
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sarah Larteley Lartey
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin G-I Mohn
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karl Albert Brokstad
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mai-Chi Trieu
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cortese M, Sherman AC, Rouphael NG, Pulendran B. Systems Biological Analysis of Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:cshperspect.a038596. [PMID: 32152245 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed tremendous progress in immunology and vaccinology, owing to several scientific and technological breakthroughs. Systems vaccinology is a field that has emerged at the forefront of vaccine research and development and provides a unique way to probe immune responses to vaccination in humans. The goals of systems vaccinology are to use systems-based approaches to define signatures that can be used to predict vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy and to delineate the molecular mechanisms driving protective immunity. The application of systems biological approaches in influenza vaccination studies has enabled the discovery of early signatures that predict immunogenicity to vaccination and yielded novel mechanistic insights about vaccine-induced immunity. Here we review the contributions of systems vaccinology to influenza vaccine development and critically examine the potential of systems vaccinology toward enabling the development of a universal influenza vaccine that provides robust and durable immunity against diverse influenza viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cortese
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Amy C Sherman
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Decatur, Georgia 30030, USA
| | - Nadine G Rouphael
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Decatur, Georgia 30030, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Seasonal influenza vaccines prevent influenza-related illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths. However, these vaccines are not as effective as other viral vaccines, and there is clearly room for improvement. Here, we review the history of seasonal influenza vaccines, describe challenges associated with producing influenza vaccine antigens, and discuss the inherent difficulties of updating influenza vaccine strains each influenza season. We argue that seasonal influenza vaccines can be dramatically improved by modernizing antigen production processes and developing models that are better at predicting viral evolution. Resources should be specifically dedicated to improving seasonal influenza vaccines while developing entirely new vaccine platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Gouma
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; , ,
| | - Elizabeth M Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; , ,
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; , ,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Young B, Sadarangani S, Haur SY, Yung CF, Barr I, Connolly J, Chen M, Wilder-Smith A. Semiannual Versus Annual Influenza Vaccination in Older Adults in the Tropics: An Observer-blind, Active-comparator-controlled, Randomized Superiority Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 69:121-129. [PMID: 30277500 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody titres and vaccine effectiveness decline within 6 months after influenza vaccination in older adults. Biannual vaccination may be necessary to provide year-round protection in the tropics, where influenza circulates throughout the year. METHODS Tropical Influenza Control Strategies (TROPICS1) was a single-center, 1:1 randomized, observer-blinded, active-comparator-controlled, superiority study in 200 community-resident adults aged ≥65 years. Participants received a standard-dose trivalent inactivated influenza vaccination (IIV3) at enrollment, and either tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis vaccination or IIV3 6 months later. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants with haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) geometric mean titre (GMT) ≥1:40 1 month after the second vaccination (month 7). Secondary outcomes included GMTs to month 12, the incidence of influenza-like illness (ILI), and adverse reactions after vaccination. RESULTS At month 7, the proportion of participants with an HI tire ≥1:40 against A/H1N1 increased by 21.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.6-33.4) in the semiannual vaccination group. This proportion was not significantly higher for A/H3N2 (4.3, 95% CI -1.1-10.8) or B (2.1, 95% CI -2.0-7.3). Semiannual vaccination significantly increased GMTs against A/H1N1 and A/H3N2, but not B, at month 7. Participants receiving a repeat vaccination of IIV3 reported a significantly lower incidence of ILI in the 6 months after the second vaccination (relative vaccine effectiveness 57.1%, 95% CI 0.6-81.5). The frequency of adverse events was similar after the first and second influenza vaccinations. CONCLUSIONS Semiannual influenza vaccination in older residents of tropical countries has the potential to improve serological measures of protection against infection. Alternative vaccination strategies should also be studied. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02655874.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barnaby Young
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases.,Tan Tock Seng Hospital.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University
| | - Sapna Sadarangani
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases.,Tan Tock Seng Hospital.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University
| | - Sen Yew Haur
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases.,Tan Tock Seng Hospital
| | - Chee Fu Yung
- Infectious Disease Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ian Barr
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville.,Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Gippsland Campus, Churchill, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Connolly
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Proteos
| | - Mark Chen
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases.,Tan Tock Seng Hospital.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Tahir Foundation Building, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Annelies Wilder-Smith
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University.,Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chuaychoo B, Kositanont U, Niyomthong P, Rittayamai N, Srisuma S, Rattanasaengloet K, Wongsrisakunkaew W, Thongam J, Songserm T. Comparison of immunogenicity between intradermal and intramuscular injections of repeated annual identical influenza virus strains post-pandemic (2011-2012) in COPD patients. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 16:1371-1379. [PMID: 31770051 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1692559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the antibody responses and persistence of the reduced-dose, 9 µg hemagglutinin (HA)/strain intradermal (ID) injection via the Mantoux technique and the 15 μg HA/strain intramuscular (IM) injection of the repeated annual identical trivalent, inactivated, split-virion vaccine 2011-2012 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Eighty patients were randomized to ID (n = 41) and IM (n = 39) groups. Four weeks post-vaccination, the antibody responses of the two groups were similar; those for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza A(H3N2)-but not influenza B-met the criteria of the Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP). The antibody responses for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 rapidly declined in both groups, especially with the ID injection, whereas those for influenza A(H3N2) maintained above the CPMP criteria throughout 12 months post-vaccination. The geometric mean titres for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 persisted above the protective threshold (≥ 40) until 6 months post-vaccination in both the ID and IM groups. The seroprotection rates of the ID and IM groups were above 60% until 3 months and 6 months post-vaccination, respectively. In conclusion, the 9 μg HA/strain ID injection of vaccine 2011-2012 elicited antibody responses similar to the standard dose of 15 μg of the HA/strain IM injection at 4 weeks post-vaccination. However, the antibody responses for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 rapidly declined, especially in the case of the ID injection, whereas they were comparable for influenza A(H3N2). Additional strategies for increasing vaccine durability should be considered, especially for new pandemic strains affecting elderly COPD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamas Chuaychoo
- Division of Respiratory Disease and Tuberculosis, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Uraiwan Kositanont
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital , Bangkok, Thailand.,Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Parichat Niyomthong
- Division of Respiratory Disease and Tuberculosis, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital , Bangkok, Thailand.,Medicine Unit, Phrae Medical Education Center, Naresuan University , Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Nuttapol Rittayamai
- Division of Respiratory Disease and Tuberculosis, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sorachai Srisuma
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Rattanasaengloet
- Division of Respiratory Disease and Tuberculosis, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Walaiporn Wongsrisakunkaew
- Division of Respiratory Disease and Tuberculosis, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Julalux Thongam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thaweesak Songserm
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University , Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sanyal M, Holmes TH, Maecker HT, Albrecht RA, Dekker CL, He XS, Greenberg HB. Diminished B-Cell Response After Repeat Influenza Vaccination. J Infect Dis 2019; 219:1586-1595. [PMID: 30496437 PMCID: PMC6473172 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Annual vaccination with influenza vaccines is recommended for protection against influenza in the United States. Past clinical studies and meta-analysis, however, have reported conflicting results on the benefits of annual vaccination. B-cell responses elicited following repeat influenza vaccinations over multiple seasons have not been examined in detail. We analyzed the B-cell and antibody (Ab) responses in volunteers vaccinated yearly, from 2010 or 2011 through 2014, with seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines. Statistical analyses were designed to help correct for possible bias due to reduced sample size in the later years of the study. We show that, after the second annual vaccination, the frequency of vaccine-specific plasmablasts and the binding reactivity of plasmablast-derived polyclonal Abs are reduced and do not increase in subsequent years. Similar trends are observed with the serum hemagglutination inhibition Ab response after each annual vaccination, as well as the binding reactivity of plasmablast-derived polyclonal Abs to the hemagglutinin of influenza A virus vaccine components, even with changes in the seasonal vaccine components during the study. Our findings indicate a diminished B-cell response to annual vaccination with seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine. These results emphasize the need for developing improved strategies to enhance the immunogenicity and efficacy of annual influenza vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoy Sanyal
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Tyson H Holmes
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford
| | - Holden T Maecker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford
| | - Randy A Albrecht
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Cornelia L Dekker
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford
| | - Xiao-Song He
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Harry B Greenberg
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Comparison of Adjuvanted-Whole Inactivated Virus and Live-Attenuated Virus Vaccines against Challenge with Contemporary, Antigenically Distinct H3N2 Influenza A Viruses. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01323-18. [PMID: 30185589 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01323-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses in swine (IAV-S) circulating in the United States of America are phylogenetically and antigenically distinct. A human H3 hemagglutinin (HA) was introduced into the IAV-S gene pool in the late 1990s, sustained continued circulation, and evolved into five monophyletic genetic clades, H3 clades IV-A to -E, after 2009. Across these phylogenetic clades, distinct antigenic clusters were identified, with three clusters (cyan, red, and green antigenic cluster) among the most frequently detected antigenic phenotypes (Abente EJ, Santos J, Lewis NS, Gauger PC, Stratton J, et al. J Virol 90:8266-8280, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01002-16). Although it was demonstrated that antigenic diversity of H3N2 IAV-S was associated with changes at a few amino acid positions in the head of the HA, the implications of this diversity for vaccine efficacy were not tested. Using antigenically representative H3N2 viruses, we compared whole inactivated virus (WIV) and live-attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vaccines for protection against challenge with antigenically distinct H3N2 viruses in pigs. WIV provided partial protection against antigenically distinct viruses but did not prevent virus replication in the upper respiratory tract. In contrast, LAIV provided complete protection from disease and virus was not detected after challenge with antigenically distinct viruses.IMPORTANCE Due to the rapid evolution of the influenza A virus, vaccines require continuous strain updates. Additionally, the platform used to deliver the vaccine can have an impact on the breadth of protection. Currently, there are various vaccine platforms available to prevent influenza A virus infection in swine, and we experimentally tested two: adjuvanted-whole inactivated virus and live-attenuated virus. When challenged with an antigenically distinct virus, adjuvanted-whole inactivated virus provided partial protection, while live-attenuated virus provided effective protection. Additional strategies are required to broaden the protective properties of inactivated virus vaccines, given the dynamic antigenic landscape of cocirculating strains in North America, whereas live-attenuated vaccines may require less frequent strain updates, based on demonstrated cross-protection. Enhancing vaccine efficacy to control influenza infections in swine will help reduce the impact they have on swine production and reduce the risk of swine-to-human transmission.
Collapse
|
11
|
Thompson CP, Obolski U. Influenza vaccination and the 'diversity paradox'. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:3005-3009. [PMID: 30239261 PMCID: PMC6343615 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1504596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The antigenic evolution of influenza is widely assumed to occur by antigenic drift, in which strains incrementally acquire mutations in highly variable epitopes under strong immune selective pressure, such as those in the major influenza antigen haemagglutinin. However, this is not easy to reconcile with epidemiological observations, which show that each influenza season is dominated by a limited number of strains. Here, we discuss this paradox in light of recent influenza epidemics that have been characterised by low vaccine effectiveness and dominated by strains of limited antigenic and genetic diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Uri Obolski
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhou F, Trieu MC, Davies R, Cox RJ. Improving influenza vaccines: challenges to effective implementation. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 53:88-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
13
|
The Effects of Birth Year, Age and Sex on Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Responses to Influenza Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6030039. [PMID: 29970820 PMCID: PMC6161215 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The first exposure to influenza is thought to impact subsequent immune responses later in life. The consequences of this can be seen during influenza epidemics and pandemics with differences in morbidity and mortality for different birth cohorts. There is a need for better understanding of how vaccine responses are affected by early exposures to influenza viruses. In this analysis of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody responses in two cohorts of military personnel we noticed differences related to age, sex, prior vaccination, deployment and birth year. These data suggest that HI antibody production, in response to influenza vaccination, is affected by these factors. The magnitude of this antibody response is associated with, among other factors, the influenza strain that circulated following birth.
Collapse
|
14
|
Nuñez IA, Carlock MA, Allen JD, Owino SO, Moehling KK, Nowalk P, Susick M, Diagle K, Sweeney K, Mundle S, Vogel TU, Delagrave S, Ramgopal M, Zimmerman RK, Kleanthous H, Ross TM. Impact of age and pre-existing influenza immune responses in humans receiving split inactivated influenza vaccine on the induction of the breadth of antibodies to influenza A strains. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185666. [PMID: 29091724 PMCID: PMC5665503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Most humans have pre-existing immunity to influenza viruses. In this study, volunteers (ages of 18-85 years) were vaccinated with split, inactivated Fluzone™ influenza vaccine in four consecutive influenza seasons from 2013 to 2016 seasons. The impact of repeated vaccination on breadth and durability of antibodies was assessed as a result of vaccine strain changes. Total IgG anti-hemagglutinin (HA) binding antibodies and hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) activity increased in all age groups against both influenza A HA components in the vaccine post-vaccination (day 21). However, younger subjects maintained seroprotective titers to the vaccine strains, which resulted in higher seroconversion rates in the elderly, since the HAI titers in elderly subjects were more likely to decline prior to the next season. Young subjects had significant HAI activity against historical, as well as contemporary H1 and H3 vaccine strains from the mid-1980s to present. In contrast, elderly subjects had HAI activity to H1 strains from all years, but were more likely to have HAI activity to older strains from 1918-1950s. They also had a more restricted HAI profile against H3 viruses compared to young subjects recognizing H3N2 influenza viruses from the mid-2000s to present. Vaccine recipients were then categorized by whether subjects seroconverted from a seronegative or seropositive pre-vaccination state. Regardless of age, immunological recall or 'back-boosting' to antigenically related strains were associated with seroconversion to the vaccine strain. Overall, both younger and older people have the ability to mount a breadth of immune responses following influenza vaccination. This report describes how imprinting exposure differs across age groups, influences antibody cross-reactivity to past hemagglutinin antigenic variants, and shapes immune responses elicited by current split inactivated influenza vaccines. Understanding how current influenza vaccines are influenced by pre-existing immunity in people of different ages is critical for designing the next-generation of 'universal' or broadly-protective influenza vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivette A. Nuñez
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Carlock
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - James D. Allen
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Simon O. Owino
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Krissy K. Moehling
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Patricia Nowalk
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael Susick
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kensington Diagle
- Martin Health System, Clinical Research Division, Stuart, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kristen Sweeney
- Martin Health System, Clinical Research Division, Stuart, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sophia Mundle
- Sanofi Pasteur, Inc., Research North America, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thorsten U. Vogel
- Sanofi Pasteur, Inc., Research North America, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Simon Delagrave
- Sanofi Pasteur, Inc., Research North America, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Moti Ramgopal
- Martin Health System, Clinical Research Division, Stuart, Florida, United States of America
| | - Richard K. Zimmerman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Harry Kleanthous
- Martin Health System, Clinical Research Division, Stuart, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|