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Zhang J, Xia Y, Peng L, Zhang Y, Li B, Shu L, Cen Y, Zhuang J, Zhu H, Zhan P, Zhang H. Ultra-Confined Phonon Polaritons and Strongly Coupled Microcavity Exciton Polaritons in Monolayer MoSi 2N 4 and WSi 2N 4. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307691. [PMID: 38454650 PMCID: PMC11095159 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The 2D semiconductors are an ideal platform for exploration of bosonic fluids composed of coupled photons and collective excitations of atoms or excitons, primarily due to large excitonic binding energies and strong light-matter interaction. Based on first-principles calculations, it is demonstrated that the phonon polaritons formed by two infrared-active phonon modes in monolayer MoSi2N4 and WSi2N4 possess ultra-high confinement factors of around ≈105 and 103, surpassing those of conventional polaritonic thin-film materials by two orders of magnitude. It is observed that the first bright exciton possesses a substantial binding energies of 750 and 740 meV in these two monolayers, with the radiative recombination lifetimes as long as 25 and 188 ns, and the Rabi splitting of the formed cavity-exciton polaritons reaching 373 and 321 meV, respectively. The effective masses of the cavity exciton polaritons are approximately 10-5me, providing the potential for high-temperature quantum condensation. The ultra-confined and ultra-low-loss phonon polaritons, as well as strongly-coupled cavity exciton polaritons with ultra-small polaritonic effective masses in these two monolayers, offering the flexible control of light at the nanoscale, probably leading to practical applications in nanophotonics, meta-optics, and quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology and Department of Optical Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE)Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Yujie Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology and Department of Optical Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE)Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Lei Peng
- The State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology and Department of Optical Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE)Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology and Department of Optical Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE)Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Ben Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology and Department of Optical Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE)Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Le Shu
- The State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology and Department of Optical Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE)Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Yan Cen
- Department of PhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Jun Zhuang
- The State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology and Department of Optical Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE)Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Heyuan Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology and Department of Optical Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE)Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Peng Zhan
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and School of PhysicsNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China
| | - Hao Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology and Department of Optical Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE)Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan UniversityChengbei RoadYiwu CityZhejiang322000China
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Sangeetha A, Reivanth K, Thrupthika T, Ramya S, Nataraj D. Strong coupling of hybrid states of light and matter in cavity-coupled quantum dot solids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16662. [PMID: 37794042 PMCID: PMC10551025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of plasmon-exciton (plexciton) polariton is a direct consequence of strong light-matter interaction, and it happens in a semiconductor-metal hybrid system. Here the formation of plasmon-exciton polaritons was observed from an AgTe/CdTe Quantum Dot (QD) solid system in the strong coupling regime. The strong coupling was achieved by increasing the oscillator strength of the excitons by forming coupled QD solids. The anti-crossing-like behaviour indicates the strong coupling between plasmonic and excitons state in AgTe/CdTe QD solids, resulting in a maximum Rabi splitting value of 225 meV at room temperature. The formation of this hybrid state of matter and its dynamics were studied through absorption, photoluminescence, and femtosecond transient studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Sangeetha
- Quantum Materials & Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kanagaraj Reivanth
- Quantum Materials & Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thankappan Thrupthika
- Quantum Materials & Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramaniam Ramya
- Quantum Materials & Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devaraj Nataraj
- Quantum Materials & Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
- UGC-CPEPA Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics for the Development of Solar Energy Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Lukoshkin V, Sedov E, Kalevich V, Hatzopoulos Z, Savvidis PG, Kavokin A. Steady state oscillations of circular currents in concentric polariton condensates. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4607. [PMID: 36944664 PMCID: PMC10030576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31520-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Concentric ring exciton polariton condensates emerging under non-resonant laser pump in an annular trapping potential support persistent circular currents of polaritons. The trapping potential is formed by a cylindrical micropillar etched in a semiconductor microcavity with embedded quantum wells and a repulsive cloud of optically excited excitons under the pump spot. The symmetry of the potential is subject to external control via manipulation by its pump-induced component. In the manuscript, we demonstrate excitation of concentric ring polariton current states with predetermined vorticity which we trace using interferometry measurements with a spherical reference wave. We also observe the polariton condensate dynamically changing its vorticity during observation, which results in pairs of fork-like dislocations on the time-averaged interferogram coexisting with azimuthally homogeneous photoluminescence distribution in the micropillar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Lukoshkin
- Ioffe Institute,Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Politechnicheskaya, St-Petersburg, Russia, 194021
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaya 1, St. Petersburg, Russia, 198504
| | - Evgeny Sedov
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaya 1, St. Petersburg, Russia, 198504.
- Russian Quantum Center, 100 Novaya Street, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia, 143025.
- Stoletov Vladimir State University, Gorky str. 87, Vladimir, Russia, 600000.
| | - Vladimir Kalevich
- Ioffe Institute,Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Politechnicheskaya, St-Petersburg, Russia, 194021
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaya 1, St. Petersburg, Russia, 198504
| | - Z Hatzopoulos
- FORTH-IESL, P.O. Box 1527, 71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - P G Savvidis
- FORTH-IESL, P.O. Box 1527, 71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Rd, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Alexey Kavokin
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaya 1, St. Petersburg, Russia, 198504
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Rd, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per., 9, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, Russia, 141701
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Chen H, Li J, Yu G, Zong H, Lang R, Lei M, Li S, Khan MSA, Yang Y, Wei T, Liao H, Meng L, Wen P, Hu X. Room-temperature polariton lasing in GaN microrods with large Rabi splitting. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:16794-16801. [PMID: 36221514 DOI: 10.1364/oe.456945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature polariton lasing is achieved in GaN microrods grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. We demonstrate a large Rabi splitting (Ω = 2g0) up to 162 meV, exceeding the results from both the state-of-the-art nitride-based planar microcavities and previously reported GaN microrods. An ultra-low threshold of 1.8 kW/cm2 is observed by power-dependent photoluminescence spectra, with the linewidth down to 1.31 meV and the blue shift up to 17.8 meV. This large Rabi splitting distinguishes our coherent light emission from a conventional photon lasing, which strongly supports the preparation of coherent light sources in integrated optical circuits and the study of exciting phenomena in macroscopic quantum states.
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Polariton condensation in an organic microcavity utilising a hybrid metal-DBR mirror. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20879. [PMID: 34686707 PMCID: PMC8536762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a simplified approach to fabricate high-reflectivity mirrors suitable for applications in a strongly-coupled organic-semiconductor microcavity. Such mirrors are based on a small number of quarter-wave dielectric pairs deposited on top of a thick silver film that combine high reflectivity and broad reflectivity bandwidth. Using this approach, we construct a microcavity containing the molecular dye BODIPY-Br in which the bottom cavity mirror is composed of a silver layer coated by a SiO2 and a Nb2O5 film, and show that this cavity undergoes polariton condensation at a similar threshold to that of a control cavity whose bottom mirror consists of ten quarter-wave dielectric pairs. We observe, however, that the roughness of the hybrid mirror-caused by limited adhesion between the silver and the dielectric pair-apparently prevents complete collapse of the population to the ground polariton state above the condensation threshold.
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Anantharaman SB, Jo K, Jariwala D. Exciton-Photonics: From Fundamental Science to Applications. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12628-12654. [PMID: 34310122 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductors in all dimensionalities ranging from 0D quantum dots and molecules to 3D bulk crystals support bound electron-hole pair quasiparticles termed excitons. Over the past two decades, the emergence of a variety of low-dimensional semiconductors that support excitons combined with advances in nano-optics and photonics has burgeoned an advanced area of research that focuses on engineering, imaging, and modulating the coupling between excitons and photons, resulting in the formation of hybrid quasiparticles termed exciton-polaritons. This advanced area has the potential to bring about a paradigm shift in quantum optics, as well as classical optoelectronic devices. Here, we present a review on the coupling of light in excitonic semiconductors and previous investigations of the optical properties of these hybrid quasiparticles via both far-field and near-field imaging and spectroscopy techniques. Special emphasis is given to recent advances with critical evaluation of the bottlenecks that plague various materials toward practical device implementations including quantum light sources. Our review highlights a growing need for excitonic material development together with optical engineering and imaging techniques to harness the utility of excitons and their host materials for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra B Anantharaman
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kiyoung Jo
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Laurio CM, Katsuki H, Yanagi H. Numerical simulations on strong coupling of Bloch surface waves and excitons in dielectric-semiconductor multilayers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:415003. [PMID: 32544899 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab9d48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Simulations on Bloch surface waves and Bloch surface wave-exciton-polaritons based on the transfer matrix method were performed using only the layer thicknesses and refractive indices of the materials. We demonstrate that the incorporation of the influence of active layer is necessary to accurately determine the Bloch surface wave dispersion. Furthermore, the mode splitting that gives rise to the lower and upper polariton branches can be simulated by including the full dispersive refractive index of the active layer in the transfer matrix calculation. We show the dependence of coupling strength on active layer and truncation layer thicknesses, which implies that the Bloch surface wave-exciton interaction strength can be tuned just by changing these structural parameters. Furthermore, we calculate the area inside the dips corresponding to the lower and upper polariton modes, which can serve as an indicator of mode visibility. We find that in the Kretschmann-Raether configuration, a tradeoff between high Rabi splitting and good mode visibility must be taken into account in designing multilayer structures for Bloch surface wave-exciton-polaritons. Angle-resolved reflectivity maps were also calculated to illustrate how these results can be observed in an experimental set-up. This work serves as a guide map in the design and potential optimization of multilayer structures for the study of two-dimensional polaritonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Laurio
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Katsuki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hisao Yanagi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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