1
|
Sann S, Kleinewietfeld M, Cantaert T. Balancing functions of regulatory T cells in mosquito-borne viral infections. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2304061. [PMID: 38192073 PMCID: PMC10812859 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2304061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne viral infections are on the rise worldwide and can lead to severe symptoms such as haemorrhage, encephalitis, arthritis or microcephaly. A protective immune response following mosquito-borne viral infections requires the generation of a controlled and balanced immune response leading to viral clearance without immunopathology. Here, regulatory T cells play a central role in restoring immune homeostasis. In current review, we aim to provide an overview and summary of the phenotypes of FOXP3+ Tregs in various mosquito-borne arboviral disease, their association with disease severity and their functional characteristics. Furthermore, we discuss the role of cytokines and Tregs in the immunopathogenesis of mosquito-borne infections. Lastly, we discuss possible novel lines of research which could provide additional insight into the role of Tregs in mosquito-borne viral infections in order to develop novel therapeutic approaches or vaccination strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sotheary Sann
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Markus Kleinewietfeld
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tineke Cantaert
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Samri A, Bandeira AC, Gois LL, Silva CGR, Rousseau A, Corneau A, Tarantino N, Maucourant C, Queiroz GAN, Vieillard V, Yssel H, Campos GS, Sardi S, Autran B, Rios Grassi MF. Comprehensive analysis of early T cell responses to acute Zika Virus infection during the first epidemic in Bahia, Brazil. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302684. [PMID: 38722858 PMCID: PMC11081376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In most cases, Zika virus (ZIKV) causes a self-limited acute illness in adults, characterized by mild clinical symptoms that resolve within a few days. Immune responses, both innate and adaptive, play a central role in controlling and eliminating virus-infected cells during the early stages of infection. AIM To test the hypothesis that circulating T cells exhibit phenotypic and functional activation characteristics during the viremic phase of ZIKV infection. METHODS A comprehensive analysis using mass cytometry was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from patients with acute ZIKV infection (as confirmed by RT-PCR) and compared with that from healthy donors (HD). The frequency of IFN-γ-producing T cells in response to peptide pools covering immunogenic regions of structural and nonstructural ZIKV proteins was quantified using an ELISpot assay. RESULTS Circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes from ZIKV-infected patients expressed higher levels of IFN-γ and pSTAT-5, as well as cell surface markers associated with proliferation (Ki-67), activation ((HLA-DR, CD38) or exhaustion (PD1 and CTLA-4), compared to those from HD. Activation of CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cell subsets, including Transitional Memory T Cells (TTM), Effector Memory T cells (TEM), and Effector Memory T cells Re-expressing CD45RA (TEMRA), was prominent among CD4+ T cell subset of ZIKV-infected patients and was associated with increased levels of IFN-γ, pSTAT-5, Ki-67, CTLA-4, and PD1, as compared to HD. Additionally, approximately 30% of ZIKV-infected patients exhibited a T cell response primarily directed against the ZIKV NS5 protein. CONCLUSION Circulating T lymphocytes spontaneously produce IFN-γ and express elevated levels of pSTAT-5 during the early phase of ZIKV infection whereas recognition of ZIKV antigen results in the generation of virus-specific IFN-γ-producing T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assia Samri
- Sorbonne-Université, Inserm 1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d’immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi, Paris, France
| | - Antonio Carlos Bandeira
- Secretaria de Saúde da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Luana Leandro Gois
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador, Brazil
- Departamento de Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Alice Rousseau
- Sorbonne-Université, Inserm 1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d’immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi, Paris, France
| | - Aurelien Corneau
- Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, Plateforme de Cytométrie (CyPS), UMS30–LUMIC, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Tarantino
- Sorbonne-Université, Inserm 1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d’immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi, Paris, France
| | - Christopher Maucourant
- Sorbonne-Université, Inserm 1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d’immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi, Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Andrade Nonato Queiroz
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Vincent Vieillard
- Sorbonne-Université, Inserm 1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d’immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi, Paris, France
| | - Hans Yssel
- Sorbonne-Université, Inserm 1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d’immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi, Paris, France
| | - Gubio Soares Campos
- Departamento de Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Silvia Sardi
- Departamento de Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Brigitte Autran
- Sorbonne-Université, Inserm 1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d’immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi, Paris, France
| | - Maria Fernanda Rios Grassi
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hindle S, Depatureaux A, Fortin-Dion S, Dieumegard H, Renaud C, Therrien C, Fallet-Bianco C, Lamarre V, Soudeyns H, Boucoiran I. Zika virus infection during pregnancy and vertical transmission: case reports and peptide-specific cell-mediated immune responses. Arch Virol 2024; 169:32. [PMID: 38243006 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05952-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnant women is associated with birth defects, which are more prevalent and severe the earlier in pregnancy the infection occurs. Pregnant women at risk of possible ZIKV exposure (n = 154) were screened using ELISA for ZIKV IgM and IgG. Nine of 154 (5.84%) pregnant women who underwent screening exhibited positive ZIKV serology. Of these, two maternal infections were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and five were considered probable, but only three of those were retained for further analysis based on strict diagnostic criteria. Plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT) confirmed ZIKV infection in nine cases (5.84%). Two cases of vertical ZIKV transmission were confirmed by PCR. One infant showed no signs of congenital ZIKV syndrome and had a normal developmental profile despite first-trimester maternal infection. In the second case, pregnancy was terminated. Production of interferon γ (IFN-γ) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from pregnant women and umbilical cord blood was measured using enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISpot) after stimulation with panels of synthetic peptides derived from the sequence of ZIKV proteins. This analysis revealed that, among all peptide pools tested, those derived from the ZIKV envelope protein generated the strongest IFN-γ response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Hindle
- Centre d'infectiologie mère-enfant (CIME), Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Room 7. 9. 61, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Agnès Depatureaux
- Unité d'immunopathologie virale, Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samuel Fortin-Dion
- Unité d'immunopathologie virale, Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hinatea Dieumegard
- Unité d'immunopathologie virale, Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian Renaud
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian Therrien
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Fallet-Bianco
- Departement of Pathology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie Lamarre
- Infectious Diseases Service, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hugo Soudeyns
- Centre d'infectiologie mère-enfant (CIME), Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Room 7. 9. 61, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1C5, Canada.
- Unité d'immunopathologie virale, Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Isabelle Boucoiran
- Centre d'infectiologie mère-enfant (CIME), Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Room 7. 9. 61, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Udenze D, Trus I, Lipsit S, Napper S, Karniychuk U. Offspring affected with in utero Zika virus infection retain molecular footprints in the bone marrow and blood cells. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2147021. [PMID: 36369716 PMCID: PMC9869997 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2147021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Congenital virus infections, for example cytomegalovirus and rubella virus infections, commonly affect the central nervous and hematological systems in fetuses and offspring. However, interactions between emerging congenital Zika virus and hematological system-bone marrow and blood-in fetuses and offspring are mainly unknown. Our overall goal was to determine whether silent in utero Zika virus infection can cause functional and molecular footprints in the bone marrow and blood of fetuses and offspring. We specifically focused on silent fetal infection because delayed health complications in initially asymptomatic offspring were previously demonstrated in animal and human studies. Using a well-established porcine model for Zika virus infection and a set of cellular and molecular experimental tools, we showed that silent in utero infection causes multi-organ inflammation in fetuses and local inflammation in the fetal bone marrow. In utero infection also caused footprints in the offspring bone marrow and PBMCs. These findings should be considered in a broader clinical context because of growing concerns about health sequelae in cohorts of children affected with congenital Zika virus infection in the Americas. Understanding virus-induced molecular mechanisms of immune activation and inflammation in fetuses may provide targets for early in utero interventions. Also, identifying early biomarkers of in utero-acquired immunopathology in offspring may help to alleviate long-term sequelae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Udenze
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Ivan Trus
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Dioscuri Centre for RNA-Protein Interactions in Human Health and Disease, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sean Lipsit
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Scott Napper
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Uladzimir Karniychuk
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ravindran S, Lahon A. Tropism and immune response of chikungunya and zika viruses: An overview. Cytokine 2023; 170:156327. [PMID: 37579710 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are two medically important vector-borne viruses responsible for causing significant disease burden in humans, including neurological sequelae/complications. Besides sharing some common clinical features, ZIKV has major shares in causing microcephaly and brain malformations in developing foetus, whereas CHIKV causes chronic joint pain/swelling in infected individuals. Both viruses have a common route of entry to the host body. i.e., dermal site of inoculation through the bite of an infected mosquito and later taken up by different immune cells for further dissemination to other areas of the host body that lead to a range of immune responses via different pathways. The immune responses generated by both viruses have similar characteristics with varying degrees of inflammation and activation of immune cells. However, the overall response of immune cells is not fully explored in the context of ZIKV and CHIKV infection. The knowledge of cellular tropism and the immune response is the key to understanding the mechanisms of viral immunity and pathogenesis, which may allow to develop novel therapeutic strategies for these viral infections. This review aims to discuss recent advancements and identify the knowledge gaps in understanding the mechanism of cellular tropism and immune response of CHIKV and ZIKV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Ravindran
- Institute of Advanced Virology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695317, India
| | - Anismrita Lahon
- Institute of Advanced Virology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695317, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sekaran SD, Ismail AA, Thergarajan G, Chandramathi S, Rahman SKH, Mani RR, Jusof FF, Lim YAL, Manikam R. Host immune response against DENV and ZIKV infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:975222. [PMID: 36159640 PMCID: PMC9492869 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.975222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a major public health concern, affecting almost 400 million people worldwide, with about 70% of the global burden of disease in Asia. Despite revised clinical classifications of dengue infections by the World Health Organization, the wide spectrum of the manifestations of dengue illness continues to pose challenges in diagnosis and patient management for clinicians. When the Zika epidemic spread through the American continent and then later to Africa and Asia in 2015, researchers compared the characteristics of the Zika infection to Dengue, considering both these viruses were transmitted primarily through the same vector, the Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes. An important difference to note, however, was that the Zika epidemic diffused in a shorter time span compared to the persisting feature of Dengue infections, which is endemic in many Asian countries. As the pathogenesis of viral illnesses is affected by host immune responses, various immune modulators have been proposed as biomarkers to predict the risk of the disease progression to a severe form, at a much earlier stage of the illness. However, the findings for most biomarkers are highly discrepant between studies. Meanwhile, the cross-reactivity of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells response to Dengue and Zika viruses provide important clues for further development of potential treatments. This review discusses similarities between Dengue and Zika infections, comparing their disease transmissions and vectors involved, and both the innate and adaptive immune responses in these infections. Consideration of the genetic identity of both the Dengue and Zika flaviviruses as well as the cross-reactivity of relevant T cells along with the actions of CD4+ cytotoxic cells in these infections are also presented. Finally, a summary of the immune biomarkers that have been reported for dengue and Zika viral infections are discussed which may be useful indicators for future anti-viral targets or predictors for disease severity. Together, this information appraises the current understanding of both Zika and Dengue infections, providing insights for future vaccine design approaches against both viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amni Adilah Ismail
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gaythri Thergarajan
- Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Samudi Chandramathi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S. K. Hanan Rahman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ravishankar Ram Mani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Felicita Fedelis Jusof
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yvonne A. L. Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rishya Manikam
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen C, Chen A, Yang Y. A diversified role for γδT cells in vector-borne diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:965503. [PMID: 36052077 PMCID: PMC9424759 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.965503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases have high morbidity and mortality and are major health threats worldwide. γδT cells represent a small but essential subpopulation of T cells. They reside in most human tissues and exert important functions in both natural and adaptive immune responses. Emerging evidence have shown that the activation and expansion of γδT cells invoked by pathogens play a diversified role in the regulation of host-pathogen interactions and disease progression. A better understanding of such a role for γδT cells may contribute significantly to developing novel preventative and therapeutic strategies. Herein, we summarize recent exciting findings in the field, with a focus on the role of γδT cells in the infection of vector-borne pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Chen, ; Yanan Yang,
| | - Aibao Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Chen, ; Yanan Yang,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cimini E, Agrati C. γδ T Cells in Emerging Viral Infection: An Overview. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061166. [PMID: 35746638 PMCID: PMC9230790 DOI: 10.3390/v14061166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
New emerging viruses belonging to the Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae, and Filoviridae families are serious threats to public health and represent a global concern. The surveillance to monitor the emergence of new viruses and their transmission is an important target for public health authorities. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an excellent example of a pathogen able to cause a pandemic. In a few months, SARS-CoV-2 has spread globally from China, and it has become a world health problem. Gammadelta (γδ) T cell are sentinels of innate immunity and are able to protect the host from viral infections. They enrich many tissues, such as the skin, intestines, and lungs where they can sense and fight the microbes, thus contributing to the protective immune response. γδ T cells perform their direct antiviral activity by cytolytic and non-cytolytic mechanisms against a wide range of viruses, and they are able to orchestrate the cellular interplay between innate and acquired immunity. For their pleiotropic features, γδ T cells have been proposed as a target for immunotherapies in both cancer and viral infections. In this review, we analyzed the role of γδ T cells in emerging viral infections to define the profile of the response and to better depict their role in the host protection.
Collapse
|
9
|
McCarthy EE, Odorizzi PM, Lutz E, Smullin CP, Tenvooren I, Stone M, Simmons G, Hunt PW, Feeney ME, Norris PJ, Busch MP, Spitzer MH, Rutishauser RL. A cytotoxic-skewed immune set point predicts low neutralizing antibody levels after Zika virus infection. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110815. [PMID: 35584677 PMCID: PMC9151348 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although generating high neutralizing antibody levels is a key component of protective immunity after acute viral infection or vaccination, little is known about why some individuals generate high versus low neutralizing antibody titers. Here, we leverage the high-dimensional single-cell profiling capacity of mass cytometry to characterize the longitudinal cellular immune response to Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in viremic blood donors in Puerto Rico. During acute ZIKV infection, we identify widely coordinated responses across innate and adaptive immune cell lineages. High frequencies of multiple activated cell types during acute infection are associated with high titers of ZIKV neutralizing antibodies 6 months post-infection, while stable immune features suggesting a cytotoxic-skewed immune set point are associated with low titers. Our study offers insight into the coordination of immune responses and identifies candidate cellular biomarkers that may offer predictive value in vaccine efficacy trials aimed at inducing high levels of antiviral neutralizing antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E McCarthy
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Pamela M Odorizzi
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Emma Lutz
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Carolyn P Smullin
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Iliana Tenvooren
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Graham Simmons
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Peter W Hunt
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Margaret E Feeney
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Philip J Norris
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael P Busch
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Gladstone-UCSF Institute for Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Rachel L Rutishauser
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; Gladstone-UCSF Institute for Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mapalagamage M, Weiskopf D, Sette A, De Silva AD. Current Understanding of the Role of T Cells in Chikungunya, Dengue and Zika Infections. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020242. [PMID: 35215836 PMCID: PMC8878350 DOI: 10.3390/v14020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviral infections such as Chikungunya (CHIKV), Dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) are a major disease burden in tropical and sub-tropical countries, and there are no effective vaccinations or therapeutic drugs available at this time. Understanding the role of the T cell response is very important when designing effective vaccines. Currently, comprehensive identification of T cell epitopes during a DENV infection shows that CD8 and CD4 T cells and their specific phenotypes play protective and pathogenic roles. The protective role of CD8 T cells in DENV is carried out through the killing of infected cells and the production of proinflammatory cytokines, as CD4 T cells enhance B cell and CD8 T cell activities. A limited number of studies attempted to identify the involvement of T cells in CHIKV and ZIKV infection. The identification of human immunodominant ZIKV viral epitopes responsive to specific T cells is scarce, and none have been identified for CHIKV. In CHIKV infection, CD8 T cells are activated during the acute phase in the lymph nodes/blood, and CD4 T cells are activated during the chronic phase in the joints/muscles. Studies on the role of T cells in ZIKV-neuropathogenesis are limited and need to be explored. Many studies have shown the modulating actions of T cells due to cross-reactivity between DENV-ZIKV co-infections and have repeated heterologous/homologous DENV infection, which is an important factor to consider when developing an effective vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maheshi Mapalagamage
- Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo 00700, Sri Lanka;
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aruna Dharshan De Silva
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo 10390, Sri Lanka
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cimini E, Grassi G, Beccacece A, Casetti R, Castilletti C, Capobianchi MR, Nicastri E, Agrati C. In Acute Dengue Infection, High TIM-3 Expression May Contribute to the Impairment of IFNγ Production by Circulating Vδ2 T Cells. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010130. [PMID: 35062334 PMCID: PMC8781730 DOI: 10.3390/v14010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are innate cells able to quickly eliminate pathogens or infected/tumoral cells by their antiviral and adjuvancy activities. The role of γδ T cells during Dengue Viral Infection (DENV) infection is not fully elucidated. Nevertheless, human primary γδ T cells have been shown to kill in vitro DENV-infected cells, thus highlighting their possible antiviral function. The aim of this work was to characterize the phenotype and function of Vδ2 T cells in DENV patients. Fifteen DENV patients were enrolled for this study and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were used to analyze Vδ2-T-cell frequency, differentiation profile, activation/exhaustion status, and functionality by multiparametric flow cytometry. Our data demonstrated that DENV infection was able to significantly reduce Vδ2-T-cell frequency and to increase their activation (CD38 and HLA-DR) and exhaustion markers (PD-1 and TIM-3). Furthermore, Vδ2 T cells showed a reduced capability to produce IFN-γ after phosphoantigenic stimulation that can be associated to TIM-3 expression. Several studies are needed to depict the possible clinical impact of γδ-T-cell impairment on disease severity and to define the antiviral and immunoregulatory activities of γδ T cells in the first phases of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cimini
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (G.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Germana Grassi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (G.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Alessia Beccacece
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (E.N.)
| | - Rita Casetti
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (G.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- Department of Epidemiology, Pre-Clinical Research and Advanced Diagnostic, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy;
- Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro, 8, 00131 Roma, Italy
- Department of Infectious Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni 5, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nicastri
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (E.N.)
| | - Chiara Agrati
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (G.G.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-5517-0907
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Antonelli ACB, Almeida VP, de Castro FOF, Silva JM, Pfrimer IAH, Cunha-Neto E, Maranhão AQ, Brígido MM, Resende RO, Bocca AL, Fonseca SG. In silico construction of a multiepitope Zika virus vaccine using immunoinformatics tools. Sci Rep 2022; 12:53. [PMID: 34997041 PMCID: PMC8741764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03990-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus from the Flaviviridae family and Flavivirus genus. Neurological events have been associated with ZIKV-infected individuals, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, an autoimmune acute neuropathy that causes nerve demyelination and can induce paralysis. With the increase of ZIKV infection incidence in 2015, malformation and microcephaly cases in newborns have grown considerably, which suggested congenital transmission. Therefore, the development of an effective vaccine against ZIKV became an urgent need. Live attenuated vaccines present some theoretical risks for administration in pregnant women. Thus, we developed an in silico multiepitope vaccine against ZIKV. All structural and non-structural proteins were investigated using immunoinformatics tools designed for the prediction of CD4 + and CD8 + T cell epitopes. We selected 13 CD8 + and 12 CD4 + T cell epitopes considering parameters such as binding affinity to HLA class I and II molecules, promiscuity based on the number of different HLA alleles that bind to the epitopes, and immunogenicity. ZIKV Envelope protein domain III (EDIII) was added to the vaccine construct, creating a hybrid protein domain-multiepitope vaccine. Three high scoring continuous and two discontinuous B cell epitopes were found in EDIII. Aiming to increase the candidate vaccine antigenicity even further, we tested secondary and tertiary structures and physicochemical parameters of the vaccine conjugated to four different protein adjuvants: flagellin, 50S ribosomal protein L7/L12, heparin-binding hemagglutinin, or RS09 synthetic peptide. The addition of the flagellin adjuvant increased the vaccine's predicted antigenicity. In silico predictions revealed that the protein is a probable antigen, non-allergenic and predicted to be stable. The vaccine’s average population coverage is estimated to be 87.86%, which indicates it can be administered worldwide. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) of individuals with previous ZIKV infection were tested for cytokine production in response to the pool of CD4 and CD8 ZIKV peptide selected. CD4 + and CD8 + T cells showed significant production of IFN-γ upon stimulation and IL-2 production was also detected by CD8 + T cells, which indicated the potential of our peptides to be recognized by specific T cells and induce immune response. In conclusion, we developed an in silico universal vaccine predicted to induce broad and high-coverage cellular and humoral immune responses against ZIKV, which can be a good candidate for posterior in vivo validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Barbosa Antonelli
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Rua 235 s/n, sala 335, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
| | - Vinnycius Pereira Almeida
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Rua 235 s/n, sala 335, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Oliveira Feitosa de Castro
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Rua 235 s/n, sala 335, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil.,Departament of Master in Environmental Sciences and Health, School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Irmtraut Araci Hoffmann Pfrimer
- Departament of Master in Environmental Sciences and Health, School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii) - National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andréa Queiroz Maranhão
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii) - National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Brígido
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii) - National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Simone Gonçalves Fonseca
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Rua 235 s/n, sala 335, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil. .,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii) - National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT), São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Moström MJ, Scheef EA, Sprehe LM, Szeltner D, Tran D, Hennebold JD, Roberts VHJ, Maness NJ, Fahlberg M, Kaur A. Immune Profile of the Normal Maternal-Fetal Interface in Rhesus Macaques and Its Alteration Following Zika Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:719810. [PMID: 34394129 PMCID: PMC8358803 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.719810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The maternal decidua is an immunologically complex environment that balances maintenance of immune tolerance to fetal paternal antigens with protection of the fetus against vertical transmission of maternal pathogens. To better understand host immune determinants of congenital infection at the maternal-fetal tissue interface, we performed a comparative analysis of innate and adaptive immune cell subsets in the peripheral blood and decidua of healthy rhesus macaque pregnancies across all trimesters of gestation and determined changes after Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. Using one 28-color and one 18-color polychromatic flow cytometry panel we simultaneously analyzed the frequency, phenotype, activation status and trafficking properties of αβ T, γδ T, iNKT, regulatory T (Treg), NK cells, B lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DC). Decidual leukocytes showed a striking enrichment of activated effector memory and tissue-resident memory CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD4+ Tregs, CD56+ NK cells, CD14+CD16+ monocytes, CD206+ tissue-resident macrophages, and a paucity of B lymphocytes when compared to peripheral blood. t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (tSNE) revealed unique populations of decidual NK, T, DC and monocyte/macrophage subsets. Principal component analysis showed distinct spatial localization of decidual and circulating leukocytes contributed by NK and CD8+ T lymphocytes, and separation of decidua based on gestational age contributed by memory CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Decidua from 10 ZIKV-infected dams obtained 16-56 days post infection at third (n=9) or second (n=1) trimester showed a significant reduction in frequency of activated, CXCR3+, and/or Granzyme B+ memory CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and γδ T compared to normal decidua. These data suggest that ZIKV induces local immunosuppression with reduced immune recruitment and impaired cytotoxicity. Our study adds to the immune characterization of the maternal-fetal interface in a translational nonhuman primate model of congenital infection and provides novel insight in to putative mechanisms of vertical transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matilda J Moström
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Scheef
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Lesli M Sprehe
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Dawn Szeltner
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Dollnovan Tran
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Jon D Hennebold
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Victoria H J Roberts
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Nicholas J Maness
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Marissa Fahlberg
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Amitinder Kaur
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Parker EL, Silverstein RB, Verma S, Mysorekar IU. Viral-Immune Cell Interactions at the Maternal-Fetal Interface in Human Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:522047. [PMID: 33117336 PMCID: PMC7576479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.522047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human decidua and placenta form a distinct environment distinguished for its promotion of immunotolerance to infiltrating semiallogeneic trophoblast cells to enable successful pregnancy. The maternal-fetal interface also successfully precludes transmission of most pathogens. This barrier function occurs in conjunction with a diverse influx of decidual immune cells including natural killer cells, macrophages and T cells. However, several viruses, among other microorganisms, manage to escape destruction by the host adaptive and innate immune system, leading to congenital infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this review, we describe mechanisms of pathogenicity of two such viral pathogens, Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) at the maternal-fetal interface. Host decidual immune cell responses to these specific pathogens will be considered, along with their interactions with other cell types and the ways in which these immune cells may both facilitate and limit infection at different stages of pregnancy. Neither HCMV nor ZIKV naturally infect commonly used animal models [e.g., mice] which makes it challenging to understand disease pathogenesis. Here, we will highlight new approaches using placenta-on-a-chip and organoids models that are providing functional and physiologically relevant ways to study viral-host interaction at the maternal-fetal interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine L. Parker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rachel B. Silverstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sonam Verma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Indira U. Mysorekar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cárdenas DM, Jaimes MA, Vega LD, Oliveros NL, Soto JA, Chía CR, Osorio JE, Ciuoderis KA. Immunological Memory to Zika Virus in a University Community in Colombia, South America. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20190883. [PMID: 32491129 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020190883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus appeared in South America in 2015, generating alarm worldwide as it causes microcephaly and autoimmunity. This study aims to determine the serological footprint of the incoming epidemic in a student community and to characterize the memory functional cell response during post convalescence. In a cross-sectional study, Zika-specific IgG using LIA immunoassay was found in 328 university students (CI=95%), while in the second phase, the functional cellular memory response for IFN-γ and IL-2 was quantified using post-stimulus ELISpot with inactivated virus, starting with individuals seropositive for Zika and control individuals (seropositive only for Dengue and seronegative for Zika-Dengue). Depending on the antigen used, memory humoral response (IgG) against Zika Virus was observed in >60% of the population; seropositivity for NS1 was 21.1% higher than E antigen with high intensity. The analysis of cell functionality in 22 individuals seropositive for Zika virus revealed either IFN-γ+ or IL-2+ cells in 86.3% of cases (Th1 profile), presenting multifunctionality in 50% (11 individuals), 64% of which presented> 6 SFC/104 PBMCs (>600 SFC/106 PBMC), reflecting memory circulating cells. A good agreement (Kappa= 0.754) was observed between the coexistence of both cellular and humoral responses but not in their intensity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denny M Cárdenas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Santander, Cucuta, Colombia
| | - Miguel A Jaimes
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Santander, Cucuta, Colombia
| | - Leidy D Vega
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Santander, Cucuta, Colombia
| | | | - Javier A Soto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Santander, Cucuta, Colombia
| | - Claudia R Chía
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Santander, Cucuta, Colombia
| | - Jorge E Osorio
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Karl A Ciuoderis
- Center for Research and Surveillance of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sampah MES, Hackam DJ. Dysregulated Mucosal Immunity and Associated Pathogeneses in Preterm Neonates. Front Immunol 2020; 11:899. [PMID: 32499778 PMCID: PMC7243348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many functions of the immune system are impaired in neonates, allowing vulnerability to serious bacterial, viral and fungal infections which would otherwise not be pathogenic to mature individuals. This vulnerability is exacerbated in compromised newborns such as premature neonates and those who have undergone surgery or who require care in an intensive care unit. Higher susceptibility of preterm neonates to infections is associated with delayed immune system maturation, with deficiencies present in both the innate and adaptive immune components. Here, we review recent insights into early life immunity, and highlight features associated with compromised newborns, given the challenges of studying neonatal immunity in compromised neonates due to the transient nature of this period of life, and logistical and ethical obstacles posed by undertaking studies newborns and infants. Finally, we highlight how the unique immunological characteristics of the premature host play key roles in the pathogenesis of diseases that are unique to this population, including necrotizing enterocolitis and the associated sequalae of lung and brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maame Efua S Sampah
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David J Hackam
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Exploring single-cell data with deep multitasking neural networks. Nat Methods 2019; 16:1139-1145. [PMID: 31591579 PMCID: PMC10164410 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-019-0576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It is currently challenging to analyze single-cell data consisting of many cells and samples, and to address variations arising from batch effects and different sample preparations. For this purpose, we present SAUCIE, a deep neural network that combines parallelization and scalability offered by neural networks, with the deep representation of data that can be learned by them to perform many single-cell data analysis tasks. Our regularizations (penalties) render features learned in hidden layers of the neural network interpretable. On large, multi-patient datasets, SAUCIE's various hidden layers contain denoised and batch-corrected data, a low-dimensional visualization and unsupervised clustering, as well as other information that can be used to explore the data. We analyze a 180-sample dataset consisting of 11 million T cells from dengue patients in India, measured with mass cytometry. SAUCIE can batch correct and identify cluster-based signatures of acute dengue infection and create a patient manifold, stratifying immune response to dengue.
Collapse
|
18
|
Vδ2 T-Cells Kill ZIKV-Infected Cells by NKG2D-Mediated Cytotoxicity. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090350. [PMID: 31547470 PMCID: PMC6781265 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An expansion of effector/activated Vδ2 T-cells was recently described in acute Zika virus (ZIKV)-infected patients, but their role in the protective immune response was not clarified. The aim of this study was to define the antiviral activity of Vδ2 T-cells against ZIKV-infected cells. The Vδ2 T-cells expansion and their cytotoxic activity against ZIKV-infected cells were tested in vitro and analyzed by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. We found that ZIKV infection was able to induce Vδ2 T-cells expansion and sensitized A549 cells to Vδ2-mediated killing. Indeed, expanded Vδ2 T-cells killed ZIKV-infected cells through degranulation and perforin release. Moreover, ZIKV infection was able to increase the expression on A549 cells of NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs), namely MICA, MICB, and ULBP2, at both the mRNA and protein levels, suggesting the possible involvement of these molecules in the recognition by NKG2D-expressing Vδ2 T-cells. Indeed, the killing of ZIKV-infected cells by expanded Vδ2 T-cells was mediated by NKG2D/NKG2DL interaction as NKG2D neutralization abrogated Vδ2 cytotoxicity. Our data showed a strong antiviral activity of Vδ2 T-cells against ZIKV-infected cells, suggesting their involvement in the protective immune response. Other studies are necessary to investigate whether the lack of Vδ2 T-cells expansion in vivo may be associated with disease complications.
Collapse
|
19
|
Tisoncik-Go J, Gale M. Microglia in Memory Decline from Zika Virus and West Nile Virus Infection. Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:757-759. [PMID: 31495452 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Neurotropic viral infection can result in complications underscored by persistent T cell presence in the brain linked with cognitive decline. A recent study by Garber et al. showed that sustained T cell production of interferon (IFN)-γ mediating microglia activation triggers cognitive decline during recovery from Zika virus (ZIKV) or West Nile virus (WNV) infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Tisoncik-Go
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pardy RD, Richer MJ. Protective to a T: The Role of T Cells during Zika Virus Infection. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080820. [PMID: 31382545 PMCID: PMC6721718 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4 and CD8 T cells are an important part of the host's capacity to defend itself against viral infections. During flavivirus infections, T cells have been implicated in both protective and pathogenic responses. Given the recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) as a prominent global health threat, the question remains as to how T cells contribute to anti-ZIKV immunity. Furthermore, high homology between ZIKV and other, co-circulating flaviviruses opens the possibility of positive or negative effects of cross-reactivity due to pre-existing immunity. In this review, we will discuss the CD4 and CD8 T cell responses to ZIKV, and the lessons we have learned from both mouse and human infections. In addition, we will consider the possibility of whether T cells, in the context of flavivirus-naïve and flavivirus-immune subjects, play a role in promoting ZIKV pathogenesis during infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Pardy
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Martin J Richer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hassert M, Harris MG, Brien JD, Pinto AK. Identification of Protective CD8 T Cell Responses in a Mouse Model of Zika Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1678. [PMID: 31379867 PMCID: PMC6652237 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many flaviviruses including dengue (DENV), and Zika (ZIKV) have attracted significant attention in the past few years. As many flaviviruses are spread by arthropods, most of the world's population is at risk of encountering a flavivirus, and infection with these viruses has created a significant disease burden worldwide. Vaccination against flaviviruses is thought to be one of the most promising avenues for reducing the disease burden associated with these viruses. The optimism surrounding a vaccine approach is supported by the highly successful vaccines for yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis. Central to the development of new successful vaccines is the understanding of the correlates of protection that will be necessary to engineer into new vaccines. To aid in this endeavor we have directed our efforts to identify correlates of protection that will reduce the disease burden associated with ZIKV and DENV. Within this study we have identified a novel murine ZIKV specific CD8+ T cell epitope, and shown that the ZIKV epitope specific CD8+ T cell response has a distinct immunodominance hierarchy present during acute infection and is detectible as part of the memory T cell responses. Our studies confirm that ZIKV-specific CD8+ T cells are an important correlate of protection for ZIKV and demonstrate that both naïve and ZIKV immune CD8+ T cells are sufficient for protection against a lethal ZIKV infection. Overall this study adds to the body of literature demonstrating a role for CD8+ T cells in controlling flavivirus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariah Hassert
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Madison G Harris
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - James D Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Amelia K Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Diamond MS, Ledgerwood JE, Pierson TC. Zika Virus Vaccine Development: Progress in the Face of New Challenges. Annu Rev Med 2018; 70:121-135. [PMID: 30388054 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-040717-051127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged at a global level when it spread to the Americas and began causing congenital malformations and microcephaly in 2015. A rapid response by academia, government, public health infrastructure, and industry has enabled the expedited development and testing of a suite of vaccine platforms aiming to control and eliminate ZIKV-induced disease. Analysis of key immunization and pathogenesis studies in multiple animal models, including during pregnancy, has begun to define immune correlates of protection. Nonetheless, the deployment of ZIKV vaccines, along with the confirmation of their safety and efficacy, still has major challenges, one of which is related to the waning of the epidemic. In this review, we discuss the measures that enabled rapid progress and highlight the path forward for successful deployment of ZIKV vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
| | - Julie E Ledgerwood
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Arthropod-borne flaviviruses are important human pathogens that cause a diverse range of clinical conditions, including severe hemorrhagic syndromes, neurological complications and congenital malformations. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop safe and effective vaccines, a process requiring better understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved during infection. Decades of research suggest a paradoxical role of the immune response against flaviviruses: although the immune response is crucial for the control, clearance and prevention of infection, poor clinical outcomes are commonly associated with virus-specific immunity and immunopathogenesis. This relationship is further complicated by the high homology among viruses and the implication of cross-reactive immune responses in protection and pathogenesis. This Review examines the dual role of the adaptive immune response against flaviviruses, particularly emphasizing the most recent findings regarding cross-reactive T cell and antibody responses, and the effects that these concepts have on vaccine-development endeavors.
Collapse
|
24
|
Hassert M, Wolf KJ, Schwetye KE, DiPaolo RJ, Brien JD, Pinto AK. CD4+T cells mediate protection against Zika associated severe disease in a mouse model of infection. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007237. [PMID: 30212537 PMCID: PMC6136803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has gained worldwide attention since it emerged, and a global effort is underway to understand the correlates of protection and develop diagnostics to identify rates of infection. As new therapeutics and vaccine approaches are evaluated in clinical trials, additional effort is focused on identifying the adaptive immune correlates of protection against ZIKV disease. To aid in this endeavor we have begun to dissect the role of CD4+T cells in the protection against neuroinvasive ZIKV disease. We have identified an important role for CD4+T cells in protection, demonstrating that in the absence of CD4+T cells mice have more severe neurological sequela and significant increases in viral titers in the central nervous system (CNS). The transfer of CD4+T cells from ZIKV immune mice protect type I interferon receptor deficient animals from a lethal challenge; showing that the CD4+T cell response is necessary and sufficient for control of ZIKV disease. Using a peptide library spanning the complete ZIKV polyprotein, we identified both ZIKV-encoded CD4+T cell epitopes that initiate immune responses, and ZIKV specific CD4+T cell receptors that recognize these epitopes. Within the ZIKV antigen-specific TCRβ repertoire, we uncovered a high degree of diversity both in response to a single epitope and among different mice responding to a CD4+T cell epitope. Overall this study identifies a novel role for polyfunctional and polyclonal CD4+T cells in providing protection against ZIKV infection and highlights the need for vaccines to develop robust CD4+T cell responses to prevent ZIKV neuroinvasion and limit replication within the CNS.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Central Nervous System/immunology
- Central Nervous System/virology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/virology
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/deficiency
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Virus Replication/immunology
- Zika Virus/genetics
- Zika Virus/immunology
- Zika Virus/pathogenicity
- Zika Virus Infection/genetics
- Zika Virus Infection/immunology
- Zika Virus Infection/prevention & control
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariah Hassert
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kyle J. Wolf
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Katherine E. Schwetye
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Richard J. DiPaolo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - James D. Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Amelia K. Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The emergence of Zika virus and its new clinical syndromes. Nature 2018; 560:573-581. [PMID: 30158602 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that has emerged as a global health threat because of its potential to generate explosive epidemics and ability to cause congenital disease in the context of infection during pregnancy. Whereas much is known about the biology of related flaviviruses, the unique features of ZIKV pathogenesis, including infection of the fetus, persistence in immune-privileged sites and sexual transmission, have presented new challenges. The rapid development of cell culture and animal models has facilitated a new appreciation of ZIKV biology. This knowledge has created opportunities for the development of countermeasures, including multiple ZIKV vaccine candidates, which are advancing through clinical trials. Here we describe the recent advances that have led to a new understanding of the causes and consequences of the ZIKV epidemic.
Collapse
|
26
|
The Temporal Role of Cytokines in Flavivirus Protection and Pathogenesis. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-018-0106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
27
|
Beaver JT, Lelutiu N, Habib R, Skountzou I. Evolution of Two Major Zika Virus Lineages: Implications for Pathology, Immune Response, and Vaccine Development. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1640. [PMID: 30072993 PMCID: PMC6058022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) became a public health emergency of global concern in 2015 due to its rapid expansion from French Polynesia to Brazil, spreading quickly throughout the Americas. Its unexpected correlation to neurological impairments and defects, now known as congenital Zika syndrome, brought on an urgency to characterize the pathology and develop safe, effective vaccines. ZIKV genetic analyses have identified two major lineages, Asian and African, which have undergone substantial changes during the past 50 years. Although ZIKV infections have been circulating throughout Africa and Asia for the later part of the 20th century, the symptoms were mild and not associated with serious pathology until now. ZIKV evolution also took the form of novel modes of transmission, including maternal-fetal transmission, sexual transmission, and transmission through the eye. The African and Asian lineages have demonstrated differential pathogenesis and molecular responses in vitro and in vivo. The limited number of human infections prior to the 21st century restricted ZIKV research to in vitro studies, but current animal studies utilize mice deficient in type I interferon (IFN) signaling in order to invoke enhanced viral pathogenesis. This review examines ZIKV strain differences from an evolutionary perspective, discussing how these differentially impact pathogenesis via host immune responses that modulate IFN signaling, and how these differential effects dictate the future of ZIKV vaccine candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Collins A, Weitkamp JH, Wynn JL. Why are preterm newborns at increased risk of infection? Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2018; 103:F391-F394. [PMID: 29382648 PMCID: PMC6013388 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2017-313595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
One in 10 newborns will be born before completion of 36 weeks' gestation (premature birth). Infection and sepsis in preterm infants remain a significant clinical problem that represents a substantial financial burden on the healthcare system. Many factors predispose premature infants for having the greatest risk of developing and succumbing to infection as compared with all other age groups across the age spectrum. It is clear that the immune system of preterm infants exhibits distinct, rather than simply deficient, function as compared with more mature and older humans and that the immune function in preterm infants contributes to infection risk. While no single review can cover all aspects of immune function in this population, we will discuss key aspects of preterm neonatal innate and adaptive immune function that place them at high risk for developing infections and sepsis, as well as sepsis-associated morbidity and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Collins
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Jörn-Hendrik Weitkamp
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James L. Wynn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida,Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yang H, Zhong Y, Wang J, Zhang Q, Li X, Ling S, Wang S, Wang R. Screening of a ScFv Antibody With High Affinity for Application in Human IFN-γ Immunoassay. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:261. [PMID: 29563896 PMCID: PMC5850876 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), a signal proinflammatory cytokine secreted by immune cell, and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of many diseases. It has been regarded as an important marker for determination of disease-specific immune responses. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a feasible and accurate method to detect IFN-γ in clinic real blood samples. Until now, the immunoassay based on singe chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody for human IFN-γ is still not reported. In the present study, an scFv antibody named scFv-A8 with high specificity was obtained by phage display and biopanning, with the affinity 2.6 × 109 L/mol. Maltose binding protein (MBP) was used to improve the solubility of scFv by inserting an linker DNA between scFv and MBP tag, and the resulted fusion protein (MBP-LK-scFv) has high solubility and antigen biding activity. The expressed and purified MBP-LK-scFv antibody was used to develop the indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (ic-ELISA) for detection of human IFN-γ, and the result indicated that the linear range to detect IFN-γ was 6–60 pg/mL with IC50 of 25 pg/mL. The limit of detection was 2 pg/mL (1.3 fm), and the average recovery was 85.05%, further demonstrating that the detection method based on scFv has higher recovery and accuracy. Hence, the developed ic-ELISA can be used to detect IFN-γ in real samples, and it may be further provided a scientific basis for disease diagnosis.
Collapse
|