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Alshevskaya AA, Lopatnikova JA, Zhukova JV, Perik-Zavodskaia OY, Alrhmoun S, Obleukhova IA, Matveeva AK, Savenkova DA, Imatdinov IR, Yudkin DV, Sennikov SV. TNFR1 Absence Is Not Crucial for Different Types of Cell Reaction to TNF: A Study of the TNFR1-Knockout Cell Model. EPIGENOMES 2024; 8:15. [PMID: 38651368 PMCID: PMC11036270 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes8020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the mechanisms regulating the biological activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in cells is the co-expression of TNFR1/TNFR2 receptors. A model with a differential level of receptor expression is required to evaluate the contribution of these mechanisms. AIM The development of a cellular model to compare the effects of TNF on cells depending on the presence of both receptors and TNFR2 alone. METHODS TNFR1 absence modifications of ZR-75/1 and K-562 cell lines were obtained by TNFR1 knockout. The presence of deletions was confirmed by Sanger sequencing, and the absence of cell membrane receptor expression was confirmed by flow cytometry. The dose-dependent effect of TNF on intact and knockout cells was comparatively evaluated by the effect on the cell cycle, the type of cell death, and the profile of expressed genes. RESULTS Knockout of TNFR1 resulted in a redistribution of TNFR2 receptors with an increased proportion of TNFR2+ cells in both lines and a multidirectional change in the density of expression in the lines (increased in K562 and decreased in ZR75/1). The presence of a large number of cells with high TNFR2 density in the absence of TNFR1 in the K562 cells was associated with greater sensitivity to TNF-stimulating doses and increased proliferation but did not result in a significant change in cell death parameters. A twofold increase in TNFR2+ cell distribution in this cell line at a reduced expression density in ZR75/1 cells was associated with a change in sensitivity to low cytokine concentrations in terms of proliferation; an overall increase in cell death, most pronounced at standard stimulating concentrations; and increased expression of the lymphocyte-activation gene groups, host-pathogen interaction, and innate immunity. CONCLUSIONS The absence of TNFR1 leads to different variants of compensatory redistribution of TNFR2 in cellular models, which affects the type of cell response and the threshold level of sensitivity. The directionality of cytokine action modulation and sensitivity to TNF levels depends not only on the fraction of cells expressing TNFR2 but also on the density of expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina A. Alshevskaya
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.A.); (J.A.L.); (J.V.Z.); (S.A.)
| | - Julia A. Lopatnikova
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.A.); (J.A.L.); (J.V.Z.); (S.A.)
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, “Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology” (RIFCI), 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia (I.A.O.)
| | - Julia V. Zhukova
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.A.); (J.A.L.); (J.V.Z.); (S.A.)
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, “Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology” (RIFCI), 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia (I.A.O.)
| | - Olga Y. Perik-Zavodskaia
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, “Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology” (RIFCI), 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia (I.A.O.)
| | - Saleh Alrhmoun
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.A.); (J.A.L.); (J.V.Z.); (S.A.)
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, “Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology” (RIFCI), 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia (I.A.O.)
| | - Irina A. Obleukhova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, “Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology” (RIFCI), 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia (I.A.O.)
| | - Anna K. Matveeva
- Genome Research Department, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (FBRI SRC VB “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor), 630559 Koltsovo, Russia; (A.K.M.); (D.A.S.); (I.R.I.); (D.V.Y.)
| | - Darya A. Savenkova
- Genome Research Department, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (FBRI SRC VB “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor), 630559 Koltsovo, Russia; (A.K.M.); (D.A.S.); (I.R.I.); (D.V.Y.)
| | - Ilnaz R. Imatdinov
- Genome Research Department, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (FBRI SRC VB “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor), 630559 Koltsovo, Russia; (A.K.M.); (D.A.S.); (I.R.I.); (D.V.Y.)
| | - Dmitry V. Yudkin
- Genome Research Department, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (FBRI SRC VB “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor), 630559 Koltsovo, Russia; (A.K.M.); (D.A.S.); (I.R.I.); (D.V.Y.)
| | - Sergey V. Sennikov
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.A.); (J.A.L.); (J.V.Z.); (S.A.)
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, “Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology” (RIFCI), 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia (I.A.O.)
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2
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Tomasovic LM, Liu K, VanDyke D, Fabilane CS, Spangler JB. Molecular Engineering of Interleukin-2 for Enhanced Therapeutic Activity in Autoimmune Diseases. BioDrugs 2024; 38:227-248. [PMID: 37999893 PMCID: PMC10947368 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-023-00635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin-2 (IL-2) cytokine plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses and maintaining immune homeostasis. Its immunosuppressive effects have been harnessed therapeutically via administration of low cytokine doses. Low-dose IL-2 has shown promise in the treatment of various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases; however, the clinical use of IL-2 is complicated by its toxicity, its pleiotropic effects on both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive cell subsets, and its short serum half-life, which collectively limit the therapeutic window. As a result, there remains a considerable need for IL-2-based autoimmune disease therapies that can selectively target regulatory T cells with minimal off-target binding to immune effector cells in order to prevent cytokine-mediated toxicities and optimize therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we discuss exciting advances in IL-2 engineering that are empowering the development of novel therapies to treat autoimmune conditions. We describe the structural mechanisms of IL-2 signaling, explore current applications of IL-2-based compounds as immunoregulatory interventions, and detail the progress and challenges associated with clinical adoption of IL-2 therapies. In particular, we focus on protein engineering approaches that have been employed to optimize the regulatory T-cell bias of IL-2, including structure-guided or computational design of cytokine mutants, conjugation to polyethylene glycol, and the development of IL-2 fusion proteins. We also consider future research directions for enhancing the translational potential of engineered IL-2-based therapies. Overall, this review highlights the immense potential to leverage the immunoregulatory properties of IL-2 for targeted treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke M Tomasovic
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathy Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Derek VanDyke
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charina S Fabilane
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jamie B Spangler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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3
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Inoue M, Tsuji Y, Kashiwada A, Yokoyama A, Iwata A, Abe Y, Kamada H, Tsunoda SI. An immunocytokine consisting of a TNFR2 agonist and TNFR2 scFv enhances the expansion of regulatory T cells through TNFR2 clustering. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 697:149498. [PMID: 38262291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are lymphocytes that play a central role in peripheral immune tolerance. Tregs are promising targets for the prevention and suppression of autoimmune diseases, allergies, and graft-versus-host disease, and treatments aimed at regulating their functions are being developed. In this study, we created a new modality consisting of a protein molecule that suppressed excessive immune responses by effectively and preferentially expanding Tregs. Recent studies reported that tumor necrosis factor receptor type 2 (TNFR2) expressed on Tregs is involved in the proliferation and activation of Tregs. Therefore, we created a functional immunocytokine, named TNFR2-ICK-Ig, consisting of a fusion protein of an anti-TNFR2 single-chain Fv (scFv) and a TNFR2 agonist TNF-α mutant protein, as a new modality that strongly enhances TNFR2 signaling. The formation of agonist-receptor multimerization (TNFR2 cluster) is effective for the induction of a strong TNFR2 signal, similar to the TNFR2 signaling mechanism exhibited by membrane-bound TNF. TNFR2-ICK-Ig improved the TNFR2 signaling activity and promoted TNFR2 cluster formation compared to a TNFR2 agonist TNF-α mutant protein that did not have an immunocytokine structure. Furthermore, the Treg expansion efficiency was enhanced. TNFR2-ICK-Ig promotes its effects via scFv, which crosslinks receptors whereas the agonists transmit stimulatory signals. Therefore, this novel molecule expands Tregs via strong TNFR2 signaling by the formation of TNFR2 clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Inoue
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8586, Japan; Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsuji
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8586, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kashiwada
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8586, Japan
| | - Asahi Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8586, Japan
| | - Akane Iwata
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8586, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Abe
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan; National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kamada
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Tsunoda
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8586, Japan; Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.
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4
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Nguyen KL, Bhatt IJ, Gupta S, Showkat N, Swanson KA, Fischer R, Kontermann RE, Pfizenmaier K, Bracchi-Ricard V, Bethea JR. Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 activation elicits sex-specific effects on cortical myelin proteins and functional recovery in a model of multiple sclerosis. Brain Res Bull 2024; 207:110885. [PMID: 38246200 PMCID: PMC10923072 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), predominately affects females compared to males. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, signaling through TNF receptor 1 contributes to inflammatory disease pathogenesis. In contrast, TNF receptor 2 signaling is neuroprotective. Current anti-TNF MS therapies are shown to be detrimental to patients due to pleiotropic effects on both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. Using a non-pertussis toxin (nPTX) experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model in C57BL/6 mice, we systemically administered a TNFR2 agonist (p53-sc-mTNFR2) to investigate behavioral and pathophysiological changes in both female and male mice. Our data shows that TNFR2 activation alleviates motor and sensory symptoms in females. However, in males, the agonist only alleviates sensory symptoms and not motor. nPTX EAE induction in TNFR2 global knockout mice caused exacerbated motor symptoms in females along with an earlier day of onset, but not in males. Our data demonstrates that TNFR2 agonist efficacy is sex-specific for alleviation of motor symptoms, however, it effectively reduces mechanical hypersensitivity in both females and males. Altogether, these data support the therapeutic promise TNFR2 agonism holds as an MS therapeutic and, more broadly, to treat central neuropathic pain.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Male
- Female
- Mice
- Animals
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/agonists
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/therapeutic use
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Myelin Proteins
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Mice, Knockout
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla L Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, United States.
| | - Ishaan J Bhatt
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Shruti Gupta
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Nazaf Showkat
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Kathryn A Swanson
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Roman Fischer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roland E Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfizenmaier
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - John R Bethea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, United States.
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5
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Anany MA, Haack S, Lang I, Dahlhoff J, Vargas JG, Steinfatt T, Päckert L, Weisenberger D, Zaitseva O, Medler J, Kucka K, Zhang T, Van Belle T, van Rompaey L, Beilhack A, Wajant H. Generic design principles for antibody-based tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 2 (TNFR2) agonists with FcγR-independent agonism. Theranostics 2024; 14:496-509. [PMID: 38169605 PMCID: PMC10758050 DOI: 10.7150/thno.84404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Selective TNFR2 activation can be used to treat immune pathologies by activating and expanding regulatory T-cells (Tregs) but may also restore anti-tumour immunity by co-stimulating CD8+ T-cells. Oligomerized TNFR2-specific TNF mutants or anti-TNFR2 antibodies can activate TNFR2 but suffer either from poor production and pharmacokinetics or in the case of anti-TNFR2 antibodies typically from the need of FcγR binding to elicit maximal agonistic activity. Methods: To identify the major factor(s) determining FcγR-independent agonism of anti-TNFR2 antibodies, we systematically investigated a comprehensive panel of anti-TNFR2 antibodies and antibody-based constructs differing in the characteristics of their TNFR2 binding domains but also in the number and positioning of the latter. Results: We identified the domain architecture of the constructs as the pivotal factor enabling FcγR-independent, thus intrinsic TNFR2-agonism. Anti-TNFR2 antibody formats with either TNFR2 binding sites on opposing sites of the antibody scaffold or six or more TNFR2 binding sites in similar orientation regularly showed strong FcγR-independent agonism. The affinity of the TNFR2 binding domain and the epitope recognized in TNFR2, however, were found to be of only secondary importance for agonistic activity. Conclusion: Generic design principles enable the generation of highly active bona fide TNFR2 agonists from nearly any TNFR2-specific antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Anany
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Stefanie Haack
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) laboratory Würzburg, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Isabell Lang
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Dahlhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) laboratory Würzburg, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Juan Gamboa Vargas
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) laboratory Würzburg, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tim Steinfatt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) laboratory Würzburg, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lea Päckert
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Weisenberger
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Olena Zaitseva
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Medler
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kirstin Kucka
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tengyu Zhang
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Andreas Beilhack
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) laboratory Würzburg, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Siegmund D, Wajant H. TNF and TNF receptors as therapeutic targets for rheumatic diseases and beyond. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:576-591. [PMID: 37542139 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-01002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine TNF signals via two distinct receptors, TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and TNFR2, and is a central mediator of various immune-mediated diseases. Indeed, TNF-neutralizing biologic drugs have been in clinical use for the treatment of many inflammatory pathological conditions, including various rheumatic diseases, for decades. TNF has pleiotropic effects and can both promote and inhibit pro-inflammatory processes. The integrated net effect of TNF in vivo is a result of cytotoxic TNFR1 signalling and the stimulation of pro-inflammatory processes mediated by TNFR1 and TNFR2 and also TNFR2-mediated anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective activities. Inhibition of the beneficial activities of TNFR2 might explain why TNF-neutralizing drugs, although highly effective in some diseases, have limited benefit in the treatment of other TNF-associated pathological conditions (such as graft-versus-host disease) or even worsen the pathological condition (such as multiple sclerosis). Receptor-specific biologic drugs have the potential to tip the balance from TNFR1-mediated activities to TNFR2-mediated activities and enable the treatment of diseases that do not respond to current TNF inhibitors. Accordingly, a variety of reagents have been developed that either selectively inhibit TNFR1 or selectively activate TNFR2. Several of these reagents have shown promise in preclinical studies and are now in, or approaching, clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Siegmund
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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7
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Chen Y, Jiang M, Chen X. Therapeutic potential of TNFR2 agonists: a mechanistic perspective. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1209188. [PMID: 37662935 PMCID: PMC10469862 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
TNFR2 agonists have been investigated as potential therapies for inflammatory diseases due to their ability to activate and expand immunosuppressive CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Despite TNFR2 being predominantly expressed in Treg cells at high levels, activated effector T cells also exhibit a certain degree of TNFR2 expression. Consequently, the role of TNFR2 signaling in coordinating immune or inflammatory responses under different pathological conditions is complex. In this review article, we analyze possible factors that may determine the therapeutic outcomes of TNFR2 agonism, including the levels of TNFR2 expression on different cell types, the biological properties of TNFR2 agonists, and disease status. Based on recent progress in the understanding of TNFR2 biology and the study of TNFR2 agonistic agents, we discuss the future direction of developing TNFR2 agonists as a therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Mengmeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Ministry of Education (MoE) Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Macau, Macau SAR, China
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8
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Skartsis N, Ferreira LMR, Tang Q. The dichotomous outcomes of TNFα signaling in CD4 + T cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1042622. [PMID: 36466853 PMCID: PMC9708889 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1042622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
TNFa blocking agents were the first-in-class biologic drugs used for the treatment of autoimmune disease. Paradoxically, however, exacerbation of autoimmunity was observed in some patients. TNFa is a pleiotropic cytokine that has both proinflammatory and regulatory effects on CD4+ T cells and can influence the adaptive immune response against autoantigens. Here, we critically appraise the literature and discuss the intricacies of TNFa signaling that may explain the controversial findings of previous studies. The pleiotropism of TNFa is based in part on the existence of two biologically active forms of TNFa, soluble and membrane-bound, with different affinities for two distinct TNF receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2, leading to activation of diverse downstream molecular pathways involved in cell fate decisions and immune function. Distinct membrane expression patterns of TNF receptors by CD4+ T cell subsets and their preferential binding of distinct forms of TNFα produced by a diverse pool of cellular sources during different stages of an immune response are important determinants of the differential outcomes of TNFa-TNF receptor signaling. Targeted manipulation of TNFa-TNF receptor signaling on select CD4+ T cell subsets may offer specific therapeutic interventions to dampen inflammation while fortifying immune regulation for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Skartsis
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Mayo Clinic William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Leonardo M. R. Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Qizhi Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Gladstone University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Institute of Genome Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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9
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Pinto ACMD, Nunes RDM, Nogueira IA, Fischer B, Lucas R, Girão-Carmona VCC, de Oliveira VLS, Amaral FA, Schett G, Rocha FAC. Potent anti-inflammatory activity of the lectin-like domain of TNF in joints. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1049368. [PMID: 36389831 PMCID: PMC9659759 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1049368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of the crucial role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in joint destruction, TNF inhibitors, including neutralizing anti-TNF antibodies and soluble TNF receptor constructs, are commonly used therapeutics for the treatment of arthropathies like rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, not all patients achieve remission; moreover, there is a risk of increased susceptibility to infection with these agents. Spatially distinct from its receptor binding sites, TNF harbors a lectin-like domain, which exerts unique functions that can be mimicked by the 17 residue solnatide peptide. This domain binds to specific oligosaccharides such as N'N'-diacetylchitobiose and directly target the α subunit of the epithelial sodium channel. Solnatide was shown to have anti-inflammatory actions in acute lung injury and glomerulonephritis models. In this study, we evaluated whether the lectin-like domain of TNF can mitigate the development of immune-mediated arthritis in mice. In an antigen-induced arthritis model, solnatide reduced cell influx and release of pro-inflammatory mediators into the joints, associated with reduction in edema and tissue damage, as compared to controls indicating that TNF has anti-inflammatory effects in an acute model of joint inflammation via its lectin-like domain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodolfo de Melo Nunes
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Igor Albuquerque Nogueira
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Rudolf Lucas
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | | | | | - Flavio Almeida Amaral
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunolgy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Dong Y, Zhou H, Alhaskawi A, Wang Z, Lai J, Abdullah Ezzi SH, Kota VG, Abdulla Hasan Abdulla MH, Sun Z, Lu H. Alterations in bone fracture healing associated with TNFRSF signaling pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:905535. [PMID: 36324677 PMCID: PMC9621617 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.905535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone fracture healing is a complex process involving various signaling pathways. It remains an unsolved issue the fast and optimal management of complex or multiple fractures in the field of orthopedics and rehabilitation. Bone fracture healing is largely a four-stage process, including initial hematoma formation, intramembrane ossification, chondrogenesis, and endochondral ossification followed by further bone remodeling. Many studies have reported the involvement of immune cells and cytokines in fracture healing. On the other hand, the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) family and TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) play a pivotal role in many physiological processes. The functions of the TNF family and TNFRSF in immune processes, tissue homeostasis, and cell differentiation have been extensively studied by many groups, and treatments targeting specific TNFRSF members are in progress. In terms of bone fracture management, it has been discovered that several members of TNFRSF have very distinct functions in different stages of fracture healing, including TNFR1, TNFR2, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) pathways. More specifically, TNFR1 is associated with osteoclastogenesis and TNFR2 is associated with osteogenic differentiation, while RANK is in association with bone remodeling. In this review, we will discuss and summarize the involvement of members of TNFRSF including TNFR1, TNFR2, and Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) pathways in different stages of fracture healing and bone remodeling and the current treatment trend involving TNFRSF agonists and antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhao Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, B Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiying Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, B Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ahmad Alhaskawi
- Department of Orthopedics, B Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zewei Wang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingtian Lai
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - Zhenyu Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, B Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, B Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Lu,
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11
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Sander CA, Rush EA, Shi J, Arantes LMRB, Tesi RJ, Ross MA, Calderon MJ, Watkins SC, Kirkwood JM, Ferris RL, Butterfield LH, Vujanovic L. Co-expression of TNF receptors 1 and 2 on melanomas facilitates soluble TNF-induced resistance to MAPK pathway inhibitors. J Transl Med 2022; 20:331. [PMID: 35879777 PMCID: PMC9310383 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03538-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of MAPK pathway inhibitors (MAPKi) used to treat patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma is limited by a range of resistance mechanisms, including soluble TNF (solTNF)-mediated NF-kB signaling. solTNF preferentially signals through type-1 TNF receptor (TNFR1), however, it can also bind to TNFR2, a receptor that is primarily expressed on leukocytes. Here, we investigate the TNFR2 expression pattern on human BRAFV600E+ melanomas and its role in solTNF-driven resistance reprogramming to MAPKi. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to test TNFR1, TNFR2 and CD271 expression on, as well as NF-kB phosphorylation in human BRAF-mutant melanoma. The ability of melanoma cell lines to acquire MAPKi resistance in response to recombinant or macrophage-derived TNF was evaluated using the MTT cytotoxicity assay. Gene editing was implemented to knock out or knock in TNF receptors in melanoma cell lines. Knockout and knock-in cell line variants were employed to assess the intrinsic roles of these receptors in TNF-induced resistance to MAPKi. Multicolor immunofluorescence microscopy was utilized to test TNFR2 expression by melanoma in patients receiving MAPKi therapy. RESULTS TNFR1 and TNFR2 are co-expressed at various levels on 4/7 BRAFV600E+ melanoma cell lines evaluated in this study. In vitro treatments with solTNF induce MAPKi resistance solely in TNFR2-expressing BRAFV600E+ melanoma cell lines. TNFR1 and TNFR2 knockout and knock-in studies indicate that solTNF-mediated MAPKi resistance in BRAFV600E+ melanomas is predicated on TNFR1 and TNFR2 co-expression, where TNFR1 is the central mediator of NF-kB signaling, while TNFR2 plays an auxiliary role. solTNF-mediated effects are transient and can be abrogated with biologics. Evaluation of patient specimens indicates that TNFR2 is expressed on 50% of primary BRAFV600E+ melanoma cells and that MAPKi therapy may lead to the enrichment of TNFR2-expressing tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that TNFR2 is essential to solTNF-induced MAPKi resistance and a possible biomarker to identify melanoma patients that can benefit from solTNF-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy A. Sander
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, L2.19 Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Rush
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, L2.19 Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Jian Shi
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, L2.19 Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Lidia M. R. B. Arantes
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, L2.19 Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.427783.d0000 0004 0615 7498Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP Brazil
| | | | - Mark A. Ross
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Michael J. Calderon
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Simon C. Watkins
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - John M. Kirkwood
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, L2.19 Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Robert L. Ferris
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, L2.19 Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Lisa H. Butterfield
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, L2.19 Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000School of Medicine Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.489192.f0000 0004 7782 4884Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Lazar Vujanovic
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, L2.19 Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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12
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Larson K, Damon M, Randhi R, Nixon-Lee N, J Dixon K. Selective inhibition of soluble TNF using XPro1595 improves hippocampal pathology to promote improved neurological recovery following traumatic brain injury in mice. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 22:CNSNDDT-EPUB-124336. [PMID: 35692164 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220610104908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the efficacy of XPro1595 to improve pathophysiological and functional outcomes in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). BACKGROUND Symptoms associated with TBI can be debilitating, and treatment without off-target side effects remains a challenge. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of selectively inhibiting the soluble form of TNF (solTNF) using the biologic XPro1595 in a mouse model of TBI. OBJECTIVES Use XPro1595 to determine whether injury-induced solTNF promotes hippocampal inflammation and dendritic plasticity, and associated functional impairments. METHODS Mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury (CCI model) was induced in adult male C57Bl/6J WT and Thy1-YFPH mice, with XPro1595 (10 mg/kg, S.C.) or vehicle being administered in a clinically relevant window (60 minutes post-injury). The animals were assessed for differences in neurological function, and hippocampal tissue was analyzed for inflammation and glial reactivity, as well as neuronal degeneration and plasticity. RESULTS We report that unilateral CCI over the right parietal cortex in mice promoted deficits in learning and memory, depressive-like behavior, and neuropathic pain. Using immunohistochemical and Western blotting techniques, we observed the cortical injury promoted a set of expected pathophysiology's within the hippocampus consistent with the observed neurological outcomes, including glial reactivity, enhanced neuronal dendritic degeneration (dendritic beading), and reduced synaptic plasticity (spine density and PSD-95 expression) within the DG and CA1 region of the hippocampus, that were prevented in mice treated with XPro1595. CONCLUSION Overall, we observed that selectively inhibiting solTNF using XPro1595 improved the pathophysiological and neurological sequelae of brain-injured mice, which provides support for its use in patients with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Larson
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, United States
| | - Melissa Damon
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, United States
| | - Rajasa Randhi
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, United States
| | - Nancy Nixon-Lee
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, United States
| | - Kirsty J Dixon
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, United States
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13
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Okuzono Y, Muraki Y, Sato S. TNFR2 pathways are fully active in cancer regulatory T cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:351-361. [PMID: 35015831 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2), a membrane-bound tumor necrosis factor receptor expressed by regulatory T cells (Tregs), participates in Treg proliferation. Although a specific TNFR2 pathway has been reported, the signaling mechanism has not been completely elucidated. This study sought to clarify TNFR2 signaling in human Tregs using amplicon sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing to assess Tregs treated with a TNFR2 agonist antibody. Pathway enrichment analysis based on differentially expressed genes highlighted tumor necrosis factor α signaling via nuclear factor kappa B, interleukin-2 signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 signaling, interferon-γ response, and cell proliferation-related pathways in Tregs after TNFR2 activation. TNFR2-high Treg-focused analysis found that these pathways were fully activated in cancer Tregs, showing high TNFR2 expression. Collectively, these findings suggest that TNFR2 orchestrates multiple pathways in cancer Tregs, which could help cancer cells escape immune surveillance, making TNFR2 signaling a potential anticancer therapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuumi Okuzono
- Immunology Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yo Muraki
- Immunology Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shuji Sato
- Immunology Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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14
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Moatti A, Cohen JL. The TNF-α/TNFR2 Pathway: Targeting a Brake to Release the Anti-tumor Immune Response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:725473. [PMID: 34712661 PMCID: PMC8546260 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.725473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly discovered anti-cancer immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T cells, focus on spurring the anti-tumor effector T cell (Teff) response. Although such strategies have already demonstrated a sustained beneficial effect in certain malignancies, a substantial proportion of treated patients does not respond. CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), a suppressive subset of T cells, can impair anti-tumor responses and reduce the efficacy of currently available immunotherapies. An alternative view that has emerged over the last decade proposes to tackle this immune brake by targeting the suppressive action of Tregs on the anti-tumoral response. It was recently demonstrated that the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) is critical for the phenotypic stabilization and suppressive function of human and mouse Tregs. The broad non-specific effects of TNF-α infusion in patients initially led clinicians to abandon this signaling pathway as first-line therapy against neoplasms. Previously unrecognized, TNFR2 has emerged recently as a legitimate target for anti-cancer immune checkpoint therapy. Considering the accumulation of pre-clinical data on the role of TNFR2 and clinical reports of TNFR2+ Tregs and tumor cells in cancer patients, it is now clear that a TNFR2-centered approach could be a viable strategy, once again making the TNF-α pathway a promising anti-cancer target. Here, we review the role of the TNFR2 signaling pathway in tolerance and the equilibrium of T cell responses and its connections with oncogenesis. We analyze recent discoveries concerning the targeting of TNFR2 in cancer, as well as the advantages, limitations, and perspectives of such a strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Moatti
- Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, INSERM, IMRB, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, Créteil, France
| | - José L Cohen
- Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, INSERM, IMRB, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, Créteil, France
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15
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Papazian I, Tsoukala E, Boutou A, Karamita M, Kambas K, Iliopoulou L, Fischer R, Kontermann RE, Denis MC, Kollias G, Lassmann H, Probert L. Fundamentally different roles of neuronal TNF receptors in CNS pathology: TNFR1 and IKKβ promote microglial responses and tissue injury in demyelination while TNFR2 protects against excitotoxicity in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:222. [PMID: 34565380 PMCID: PMC8466720 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02200-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During inflammatory demyelination, TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) mediates detrimental proinflammatory effects of soluble TNF (solTNF), whereas TNFR2 mediates beneficial effects of transmembrane TNF (tmTNF) through oligodendroglia, microglia, and possibly other cell types. This model supports the use of selective inhibitors of solTNF/TNFR1 as anti-inflammatory drugs for central nervous system (CNS) diseases. A potential obstacle is the neuroprotective effect of solTNF pretreatment described in cultured neurons, but the relevance in vivo is unknown. Methods To address this question, we generated mice with neuron-specific depletion of TNFR1, TNFR2, or inhibitor of NF-κB kinase subunit β (IKKβ), a main downstream mediator of TNFR signaling, and applied experimental models of inflammatory demyelination and acute and preconditioning glutamate excitotoxicity. We also investigated the molecular and cellular requirements of solTNF neuroprotection by generating astrocyte-neuron co-cultures with different combinations of wild-type (WT) and TNF and TNFR knockout cells and measuring N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) excitotoxicity in vitro. Results Neither neuronal TNFR1 nor TNFR2 protected mice during inflammatory demyelination. In fact, both neuronal TNFR1 and neuronal IKKβ promoted microglial responses and tissue injury, and TNFR1 was further required for oligodendrocyte loss and axonal damage in cuprizone-induced demyelination. In contrast, neuronal TNFR2 increased preconditioning protection in a kainic acid (KA) excitotoxicity model in mice and limited hippocampal neuron death. The protective effects of neuronal TNFR2 observed in vivo were further investigated in vitro. As previously described, pretreatment of astrocyte-neuron co-cultures with solTNF (and therefore TNFR1) protected them against NMDA excitotoxicity. However, protection was dependent on astrocyte, not neuronal TNFR1, on astrocyte tmTNF-neuronal TNFR2 interactions, and was reproduced by a TNFR2 agonist. Conclusions These results demonstrate that neuronal TNF receptors perform fundamentally different roles in CNS pathology in vivo, with neuronal TNFR1 and IKKβ promoting microglial inflammation and neurotoxicity in demyelination, and neuronal TNFR2 mediating neuroprotection in excitotoxicity. They also reveal that previously described neuroprotective effects of solTNF against glutamate excitotoxicity in vitro are indirect and mediated via astrocyte tmTNF-neuron TNFR2 interactions. These results consolidate the concept that selective inhibition of solTNF/TNFR1 with maintenance of TNFR2 function would have combined anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties required for safe treatment of CNS diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02200-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Papazian
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sophias Ave, 11521, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Tsoukala
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sophias Ave, 11521, Athens, Greece
| | - Athena Boutou
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sophias Ave, 11521, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Karamita
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sophias Ave, 11521, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kambas
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sophias Ave, 11521, Athens, Greece
| | - Lida Iliopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sophias Ave, 11521, Athens, Greece
| | - Roman Fischer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roland E Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maria C Denis
- Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre (BSRC) "Alexander Fleming", Vari, 16672, Athens, Greece
| | - George Kollias
- Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre (BSRC) "Alexander Fleming", Vari, 16672, Athens, Greece
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, A1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lesley Probert
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sophias Ave, 11521, Athens, Greece.
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16
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Randhi R, Damon M, Dixon KJ. Selective inhibition of soluble TNF using XPro1595 relieves pain and attenuates cerulein-induced pathology in mice. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:243. [PMID: 34049483 PMCID: PMC8161932 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Symptoms associated with acute pancreatitis can be debilitating, and treatment remains a challenge. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of selectively inhibiting the soluble form of TNF (solTNF) using the biologic XPro1595 in a mouse model of acute pancreatitis. Methods Acute pancreatitis was induced in adult male C57Bl/6J mice by administering cerulein (8 injections of 50 µg/kg I.P., spaced an hour apart), with XPro1595 (10 mg/kg, S.C.) or vehicle being administered approximately 18 h after the last injection. Serum was collected 6 or 18 h after the last cerulein injection, pancreatic tissue was collected 2 and 7 days post-induction, and brain hippocampal tissue was collected at 7 days post-induction. The animal’s pain level was assessed 3, 5 and 7 days post-induction. Results The induction of acute pancreatitis promoted a strong increase in serum amylase levels, which had receded back to baseline levels by the next morning. XPro1595 treatment began after amylase levels had subsided at 18 h, and prevented pancreatic immune cell infiltration, that subsequently prevented tissue disruption and acinar cell death. These improvements in pathology were associated with a significant reduction in mechanical hypersensitivity (neuropathic pain). XPro1595 treatment also prevented an increase in hippocampal astrocyte reactivity, that may be associated with the prevention of neuropathic pain in this mouse model. Conclusion Overall, we observed that selectively inhibiting solTNF using XPro1595 improved the pathophysiological and neurological sequelae of cerulein-induced pancreatitis in mice, which provides support of its use in patients with pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasa Randhi
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E. Marshall St, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Melissa Damon
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E. Marshall St, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Kirsty J Dixon
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E. Marshall St, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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17
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Romero-Nava R, Alarcón-Aguilar FJ, Giacoman-Martínez A, Blancas-Flores G, Aguayo-Cerón KA, Ballinas-Verdugo MA, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Huang F, Villafaña-Rauda S, Almanza-Pérez JC. Glycine is a competitive antagonist of the TNF receptor mediating the expression of inflammatory cytokines in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:605-618. [PMID: 33877377 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the involvement of TNF-α and glycine receptors in the inhibition of pro-inflammatory adipokines in 3T3-L1 cells. METHODS RT-PCR evidenced glycine receptors in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 3T3-L1 cells were transfected with siRNA for the glycine (Glrb) and TNF1a (Tnfrsf1a) receptors and confirmed by confocal microscopy. Transfected cells were treated with glycine (10 mM). The expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA were measured by qRT-PCR, while concentrations were quantified by ELISA. RESULTS Glycine decreased the expression and concentration of TNF-α and IL-6; this effect did not occur in the absence of TNF-α receptor due to siRNA. In contrast, glycine produced only slight changes in the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in the absence of the glycine receptor due to siRNA. A docking analysis confirmed the possibility of binding glycine to the TNF-α1a receptor. CONCLUSION These findings support the idea that glycine could partially inhibit the binding of TNF-α to its receptor and provide clues about the mechanisms by which glycine inhibits the secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines in adipocytes through the TNF-α receptor.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3-L1 Cells
- Adipocytes/metabolism
- Adiponectin/genetics
- Animals
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Glycine/pharmacology
- Mice
- NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Receptors, Glycine/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Romero-Nava
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina. Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
- Sección de Posgrado, Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Alarcón-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina. Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abraham Giacoman-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina. Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Blancas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina. Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karla A Aguayo-Cerón
- Sección de Posgrado, Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha A Ballinas-Verdugo
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología (Ignacio Chávez), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología (Ignacio Chávez), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fengyang Huang
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Santiago Villafaña-Rauda
- Sección de Posgrado, Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julio C Almanza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina. Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico.
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18
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Inoue M, Yamashita K, Tsuji Y, Miki M, Amano S, Okumura T, Kuge K, Tone T, Enomoto S, Yoshimine C, Morita Y, Ando D, Kamada H, Mikami N, Tsutsumi Y, Tsunoda SI. Characterization of a TNFR2-Selective Agonistic TNF-α Mutant and Its Derivatives as an Optimal Regulatory T Cell Expander. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1740-1751. [PMID: 33782090 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subpopulation of lymphocytes that play a role in suppressing and regulating immune responses. Recently, it was suggested that controlling the functions and activities of Tregs might be applicable to the treatment of human diseases such as autoimmune diseases, organ transplant rejection, and graft-versus-host disease. TNF receptor type 2 (TNFR2) is a target molecule that modulates Treg functions. In this study, we investigated the role of TNFR2 signaling in the differentiation and activation of mouse Tregs. We previously reported the generation of a TNFR2-selective agonist TNF mutant, termed R2agoTNF, by using our unique cytokine modification method based on phage display. R2agoTNF activates cell signaling via mouse TNFR2. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of R2agoTNF for the proliferation and activation of Tregs in mice. R2agoTNF expanded and activated mouse CD4+CD25+ Tregs ex vivo. The structural optimization of R2agoTNF by internal cross-linking or IgG-Fc fusion selectively and effectively enhanced Treg expansion in vivo. Furthermore, the IgG-Fc fusion protein suppressed skin-contact hypersensitivity reactions in mice. TNFR2 agonists are expected to be new Treg expanders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Inoue
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan.,Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan.,Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Kanako Yamashita
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsuji
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Midori Miki
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Shota Amano
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Taichi Okumura
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Koki Kuge
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Takao Tone
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Shota Enomoto
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Yoshimine
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Yuki Morita
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ando
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan.,National Institutes of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kamada
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan.,Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norihisa Mikami
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 65-0871, Japan; and
| | - Yasuo Tsutsumi
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Tsunoda
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan; .,Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan.,Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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19
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Kaaij MH, van Tok MN, Blijdorp IC, Ambarus CA, Stock M, Pots D, Knaup VL, Armaka M, Christodoulou-Vafeiadou E, van Melsen TK, Masdar H, Eskes HJPP, Yeremenko NG, Kollias G, Schett G, Tas SW, van Duivenvoorde LM, Baeten DLP. Transmembrane TNF drives osteoproliferative joint inflammation reminiscent of human spondyloarthritis. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151943. [PMID: 32662821 PMCID: PMC7537402 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF plays a key role in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA). It remains incompletely understood how TNF can lead to different disease phenotypes such as destructive peripheral polysynovitis in RA versus axial and peripheral osteoproliferative inflammation in SpA. We observed a marked increase of transmembrane (tm) versus soluble (s) TNF in SpA versus RA together with a decrease in the enzymatic activity of ADAM17. In contrast with the destructive polysynovitis observed in classical TNF overexpression models, mice overexpressing tmTNF developed axial and peripheral joint disease with synovitis, enthesitis, and osteitis. Histological and radiological assessment evidenced marked endochondral new bone formation leading to joint ankylosis over time. SpA-like inflammation, but not osteoproliferation, was dependent on TNF-receptor I and mediated by stromal tmTNF overexpression. Collectively, these data indicate that TNF can drive distinct inflammatory pathologies. We propose that tmTNF is responsible for the key pathological features of SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlijn H Kaaij
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Melissa N van Tok
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Iris C Blijdorp
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carmen A Ambarus
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michael Stock
- Medizinische Klinik 3 - Rheumatologie und Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Désiree Pots
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Véronique L Knaup
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marietta Armaka
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming," Vari, Greece.,Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Tessa K van Melsen
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Huriatul Masdar
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Harry J P P Eskes
- Department of Radiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nataliya G Yeremenko
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - George Kollias
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming," Vari, Greece.,Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georg Schett
- Medizinische Klinik 3 - Rheumatologie und Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sander W Tas
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leonie M van Duivenvoorde
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dominique L P Baeten
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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20
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TNF-TNFR2 Signal Plays a Decisive Role in the Activation of CD4 +Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cells: Implications in the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases and Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1278:257-272. [PMID: 33523452 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6407-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The puzzling biphasic or dual roles of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) in the inflammatory and immune responses are likely to be mediated by distinct signaling pathways transduced by one of its two receptors, e.g., TNF receptor type I (TNFR1) and TNF receptor type II (TNFR2). Unlike TNFR1 that is ubiquitously expressed on almost all types of cells, the expression of TNFR2 is rather restricted to certain types of cells, such as T lymphocytes. There is now compelling evidence that TNFR2 is preferentially expressed by CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), and TNFR2 plays a decisive role in the activation, expansion, in vivo function, and phenotypical stability of Tregs. In this chapter, the current understanding of the molecular basis and signaling pathway of TNF-TNFRs signal is introduced. Latest studies that have further supported and substantiated the pivotal role of TNF-TNFR2 interaction in Tregs biology and its molecular basis are discussed. The research progress regarding TNFR2-targeting treatment for autoimmune diseases and cancer is analyzed. Future study should focus on the further understanding of molecular mechanism underlying Treg-stimulatory effect of TNFR2 signal, as well as on the translation of research findings into therapeutic benefits of human patients with autoimmune diseases, allergy, allograft rejection, and cancer.
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21
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Fischer R, Kontermann RE, Pfizenmaier K. Selective Targeting of TNF Receptors as a Novel Therapeutic Approach. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:401. [PMID: 32528961 PMCID: PMC7264106 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a central regulator of immunity. Due to its dominant pro-inflammatory effects, drugs that neutralize TNF were developed and are clinically used to treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis. However, despite their clinical success the use of anti-TNF drugs is limited, in part due to unwanted, severe side effects and in some diseases its use even is contraindicative. With gaining knowledge about the signaling mechanisms of TNF and the differential role of the two TNF receptors (TNFR), alternative therapeutic concepts based on receptor selective intervention have led to the development of novel protein therapeutics targeting TNFR1 with antagonists and TNFR2 with agonists. These antibodies and bio-engineered ligands are currently in preclinical and early clinical stages of development. Preclinical data obtained in different disease models show that selective targeting of TNFRs has therapeutic potential and may be superior to global TNF blockade in several disease indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Fischer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roland E Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfizenmaier
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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22
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Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Multiple Sclerosis: Consequences for Therapy Development. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7191080. [PMID: 32454942 PMCID: PMC7240663 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7191080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CNS inflammation is a major driver of MS pathology. Differential immune responses, including the adaptive and the innate immune system, are observed at various stages of MS and drive disease development and progression. Next to these immune-mediated mechanisms, other mediators contribute to MS pathology. These include immune-independent cell death of oligodendrocytes and neurons as well as oxidative stress-induced tissue damage. In particular, the complex influence of oxidative stress on inflammation and vice versa makes therapeutic interference complex. All approved MS therapeutics work by modulating the autoimmune response. However, despite substantial developments in the treatment of the relapsing-remitting form of MS, approved therapies for the progressive forms of MS as well as for MS-associated concomitants are limited and much needed. Here, we summarize the contribution of inflammation and oxidative stress to MS pathology and discuss consequences for MS therapy development.
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23
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Li J, Wang L, Tian J, Zhou Z, Li J, Yang H. Nongenetic engineering strategies for regulating receptor oligomerization in living cells. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:1545-1568. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00473d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nongenetic strategies for regulating receptor oligomerization in living cells based on DNA, protein, small molecules and physical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
| | - Liping Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
| | - Jinmiao Tian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine
- Renji Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
| | - Zhilan Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine
- Renji Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
| | - Juan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
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24
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Padutsch T, Sendetski M, Huber C, Peters N, Pfizenmaier K, Bethea JR, Kontermann RE, Fischer R. Superior Treg-Expanding Properties of a Novel Dual-Acting Cytokine Fusion Protein. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1490. [PMID: 31920671 PMCID: PMC6930692 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are caused by uncontrolled endogenous immune responses against healthy cells. They may develop due to an impaired function of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which normally suppress self-specific effector immune cells. Interleukin 2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) have been identified as key players that promote expansion, function, and stability of Tregs. In vivo, both low-dose IL-2 therapy and TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) agonism were shown to expand Tregs and alleviate autoimmunity. We here designed a novel dimeric dual-acting fusion cytokine, where mouse IL-2 is genetically linked to a TNFR2-selective single-chain TNF mutein (IL2-EHD2-sc-mTNFR2). IL2-EHD2-sc-mTNFR2 showed high affinity to TNFR2 and efficiently activated IL-2 and TNFR2-selective signaling pathways. Further, IL2-EHD2-sc-mTNFR2 promoted superior Treg expansion, with both the IL-2 and the TNFR2 agonist (sc-mTNFR2) component necessary for this biological response. Ultimately, we propose that IL2-EHD2-sc-mTNFR2 is a dual-acting cytokine that efficiently promotes Treg expansion and might have a superior therapeutic window than conventional IL-2-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Padutsch
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maksim Sendetski
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carina Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nathalie Peters
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfizenmaier
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - John R Bethea
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Roland E Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roman Fischer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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25
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TNF receptor 2 signaling prevents DNA methylation at the Foxp3 promoter and prevents pathogenic conversion of regulatory T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:21666-21672. [PMID: 31597740 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909687116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the transcription factor Foxp3 play an important role in maintaining immune homeostasis. Chronic inflammation is associated with reduced Foxp3 expression, function, and loss of phenotypic stability. Previous studies have established the importance of TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) in the generation and/or activation of Treg cells. In this study, we assess the importance of TNFR2 in healthy mice and under inflammatory conditions. Our findings reveal that, in health, TNFR2 is important not only for the generation of Treg cells, but also for regulating their functional activity. We also show that TNFR2 maintains Foxp3 expression in Treg cells by restricting DNA methylation at the Foxp3 promoter. In inflammation, loss of TNFR2 results in increased severity and chronicity of experimental arthritis, reduced total numbers of Treg cells, reduced accumulation of Treg cells in inflamed joints, and loss of inhibitory activity. In addition, we demonstrate that, under inflammatory conditions, loss of TNFR2 causes Treg cells to adopt a proinflammatory Th17-like phenotype. It was concluded that TNFR2 signaling is required to enable Treg cells to promote resolution of inflammation and prevent them from undergoing dedifferentiation. Consequently, TNFR2-specific agonists or TNF1-specific antagonists may be useful in the treatment of autoimmune disease.
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26
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Moerke C, Jaco I, Dewitz C, Müller T, Jacobsen AV, Gautheron J, Fritsch J, Schmitz J, Bräsen JH, Günther C, Murphy JM, Kunzendorf U, Meier P, Krautwald S. The anticonvulsive Phenhydan ® suppresses extrinsic cell death. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:1631-1645. [PMID: 30442947 PMCID: PMC6748113 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Different forms of regulated cell death-like apoptosis and necroptosis contribute to the pathophysiology of clinical conditions including ischemia-reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, sepsis, and multiple sclerosis. In particular, the kinase activity of the receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is crucial for cell fate in inflammation and cell death. However, despite its involvement in pathological conditions, no pharmacologic inhibitor of RIPK1-mediated cell death is currently in clinical use. Herein, we screened a collection of clinical compounds to assess their ability to modulate RIPK1-mediated cell death. Our small-scale screen identified the anti-epilepsy drug Phenhydan® as a potent inhibitor of death receptor-induced necroptosis and apoptosis. Accordingly, Phenhydan® blocked activation of necrosome formation/activation as well as death receptor-induced NF-κB signaling by influencing the membrane function of cells, such as lipid raft formation, thus exerting an inhibitory effect on pathophysiologic cell death processes. By targeting death receptor signaling, the already FDA-approved Phenhydan® may provide new therapeutic strategies for inflammation-driven diseases caused by aberrant cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Moerke
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Isabel Jaco
- Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Christin Dewitz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tammo Müller
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Annette V Jacobsen
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Jérémie Gautheron
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR_S 938, Inserm, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Jürgen Fritsch
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Schmitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Hannover, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hinrich Bräsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Hannover, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Günther
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - James M Murphy
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ulrich Kunzendorf
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Pascal Meier
- Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Stefan Krautwald
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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27
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TNFR2 promotes Treg-mediated recovery from neuropathic pain across sexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:17045-17050. [PMID: 31391309 PMCID: PMC6708347 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902091116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a cytokine that induces signaling via two receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. TNF signaling via TNFR1 contributes to development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Here, we show that TNFR2 is essential for recovery from neuropathic pain across sexes. Treatment of male and female neuropathic mice with a TNFR2 agonist resulted in long-lasting recovery from neuropathic pain. We identified Tregs as the cellular mediator of the analgesic effect of TNFR2. Indeed, TNFR2 agonist administration alleviated peripheral and central inflammation and promoted neuroprotection in a Treg-dependent manner, indicating that TNFR2-dependent modulation of immunity is neuroprotective. We therefore argue that TNFR2 agonists might be a class of nonopioid drugs that can promote long-lasting pain recovery in males and females. Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) is a transmembrane receptor that is linked to immune modulation and tissue regeneration. Here, we show that TNFR2 essentially promotes long-term pain resolution independently of sex. Genetic deletion of TNFR2 resulted in impaired neuronal regeneration and chronic nonresolving pain after chronic constriction injury (CCI). Further, pharmacological activation of TNFR2 using the TNFR2 agonist EHD2-sc-mTNFR2 in mice with chronic neuropathic pain promoted long-lasting pain recovery. TNFR2 agonist treatment reduced neuronal injury, alleviated peripheral and central inflammation, and promoted repolarization of central nervous system (CNS)-infiltrating myeloid cells into an antiinflammatory/reparative phenotype. Depletion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) delayed spontaneous pain recovery and abolished the therapeutic effect of EHD2-sc-mTNFR2. This study therefore reveals a function of TNFR2 in neuropathic pain recovery and demonstrates that both TNFR2 signaling and Tregs are essential for pain recovery after CCI. Therefore, therapeutic strategies based on the concept of enhancing TNFR2 signaling could be developed into a nonopioid therapy for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain.
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Floss DM, Scheller J. Naturally occurring and synthetic constitutive-active cytokine receptors in disease and therapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 47:1-20. [PMID: 31147158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines control immune related events and are critically involved in a plethora of patho-physiological processes including autoimmunity and cancer development. Mutations which cause ligand-independent, constitutive activation of cytokine receptors are quite frequently found in diseases. Many constitutive-active cytokine receptor variants have been directly connected to disease development and mechanistically analyzed. Nature's solutions to generate constitutive cytokine receptors has been recently adopted by synthetic cytokine receptor biology, with the goal to optimize immune therapeutics. Here, CAR T cell immmunotherapy represents the first example to combine synthetic biology with genetic engineering during therapy. Hence, constitutive-active cytokine receptors are therapeutic targets, but also emerging tools to improve or modulate immunotherapeutic strategies. This review gives a comprehensive insight into the field of naturally occurring and synthetic constitutive-active cytokine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen M Floss
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Importance of TRAIL Molecular Anatomy in Receptor Oligomerization and Signaling. Implications for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040444. [PMID: 30934872 PMCID: PMC6521207 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is able to activate the extrinsic apoptotic pathway upon binding to DR4/TRAIL-R1 and/or DR5/TRAIL-R2 receptors. Structural data indicate that TRAIL functions as a trimer that can engage three receptor molecules simultaneously, resulting in receptor trimerization and leading to conformational changes in TRAIL receptors. However, receptor conformational changes induced by the binding of TRAIL depend on the molecular form of this death ligand, and not always properly trigger the apoptotic cascade. In fact, TRAIL exhibits a much stronger pro-apoptotic activity when is found as a transmembrane protein than when it occurs as a soluble form and this enhanced biological activity is directly linked to its ability to cluster TRAIL receptors in supra-molecular structures. In this regard, cells involved in tumor immunosurveillance, such as activated human T cells, secrete endogenous TRAIL as a transmembrane protein associated with lipid microvesicles called exosomes upon T-cell reactivation. Consequently, it seems clear that a proper oligomerization of TRAIL receptors, which leads to a strong apoptotic signaling, is crucial for inducing apoptosis in cancer cells upon TRAIL treatment. In this review, the current knowledge of oligomerization status of TRAIL receptors is discussed as well as the implications for cancer treatment when using TRAIL-based therapies.
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Medler J, Wajant H. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 (TNFR2): an overview of an emerging drug target. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:295-307. [PMID: 30856027 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1586886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 2 (TNFR2) is one of two receptors of the cytokines, TNF and lymphotoxin-α. TNFR1 is a strong inducer of proinflammatory activities. TNFR2 has proinflammatory effects too, but it also elicits strong anti-inflammatory activities and has protective effects on oligodendrocytes, cardiomyocytes, and keratinocytes. The protective and anti-inflammatory effects of TNFR2 may explain why TNF inhibitors failed to be effective in diseases such as heart failure or multiple sclerosis, where TNF has been strongly implicated as a driving force. Stimulatory and inhibitory TNFR2 targeting hence attracts considerable interest for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancer. Areas covered: Based on a brief description of the pathophysiological importance of the TNF-TNFR1/2 system, we discuss the potential applications of TNFR2 targeting therapies. We also debate TNFR2 activation as a way forward in the search for TNFR2-specific agents. Expert opinion: The use of TNFR2 to target regulatory T-cells is attractive, but this approach is just one amongst many suitable targets. With respect to its preference for Treg stimulation and protection of non-immune cells, TNFR2 is more unique and thus offers opportunities for translational success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Medler
- a Division for Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II , University Hospital Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Harald Wajant
- a Division for Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II , University Hospital Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
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Jung MK, Lee JS, Kwak JE, Shin EC. Tumor Necrosis Factor and Regulatory T Cells. Yonsei Med J 2019; 60:126-131. [PMID: 30666833 PMCID: PMC6342721 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2019.60.2.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ regulatory T (Treg) cells play major roles in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. In this review, we comprehensively describe the relationship between tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and Treg cells, focusing on the effects of TNF on Treg cells and on TNF-producing Treg cells. Contradictory results have been reported for the effect of TNF on the suppressive activity of Treg cells. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, TNF has been shown to reduce the suppressive activity of Treg cells. Meanwhile, however, TNF has also been reported to maintain the suppressive activity of Treg cells via a TNFR2-mediated mechanism. In addition, Treg cells have been found to acquire the ability to produce TNF under inflammatory conditions, such as acute viral hepatitis. These TNF-producing Treg cells exhibit T helper 17-like features and hold significance in various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Jung
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeong Seok Lee
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Kwak
- BioMedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eui Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- BioMedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.
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Korani S, Kazemi B, Haghighi A, Nikpoor AR, Bandehpour M. The Effect of Human Recombinant Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-2 on Reducing Inflammatory of Collagen -Induced Arthritis in Balb/c Mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 17:e2153. [PMID: 31457045 PMCID: PMC6697853 DOI: 10.21859/ijb.2153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a cytokine that produced principally by monocyte/macrophages and T lymphocytes, respectively. TNFα is recognized as the primary mediator of immunity in inflammation reaction. One important application of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2 (TNFR2) is for the treatment of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objectives The aim of this study is to examine the therapeutic trace of the recombinant humanTNFR2 on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Materials and Methods CIA was created in 20 mice by immunization with bovine type II collagen (CII). After the mice were boosted on day 21, they were injected with the recombinant protein in test group (1 mg.kg-1) and assessed edema in paws and knee joints after two weeks. The quantities of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, interleukin-1 beta (IL-β1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10(IL-10) in serum were evaluated through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. In addition, the histopathology of joints sections was analyzed. Results The cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 values in serum markedly decreased in groups treated with TNFR2 (P < 0.01-0.001). The results showed that treatment with TNFR2 significantly reduced edema in paws and joints (P < 0.01-0.001). Conclusions Pathological investigations proved that administration of recombinant TNF receptor has blocked or protected joints from progressive damage. This study suggests that the anti-arthritic effectiveness of TNFR2 will repress the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover, it seems that TNFR2 is a strong candidate for the treatment of the RA disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Korani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adel Haghighi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Sciences & Researches Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Reza Nikpoor
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mojgan Bandehpour
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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The E3 ubiquitin ligases HOIP and cIAP1 are recruited to the TNFR2 signaling complex and mediate TNFR2-induced canonical NF-κB signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 153:292-298. [PMID: 29378181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) is a proinflammatory cytokine that elicits its action by binding to two cell surface TNF receptors (TNFR), TNFR1 and TNFR2, which are expressed by many different cell types. Stimulation of TNFR1 activates canonical NF-κB signaling, leading to the NF-κB dependent expression of a large number of genes. Canonical NF-κB signaling requires the assembly of a TNFR1 signaling complex at the cell membrane, whose formation is regulated by different protein ubiquitination events. In this context, recruitment of the Linear Ubiquitin Chain Assembly Complex (LUBAC) to TNFR1 plays an important role by mediating M1-linked polyubiquitination of specific NF-κB signaling proteins. In contrast to TNFR1, much less is known about the role of ubiquitination in TNFR2 signaling. Here we demonstrate that specific TNFR2 stimulation rapidly triggers M1- and K63-linked polyubiquitination at the TNFR2 signaling complex. In agreement, TNFR2 stimulation induces the recruitment of HOIP, a LUBAC component and the only known E3 ubiquitin ligase for M1-polyubiquitination, to the TNFR2 signaling complex. Also cIAP1, a E3 ubiquitin ligase able to modify proteins with K63-polyubiquitin chains, was recruited to the TNFR2 signaling complex. Treatment of cells with a cIAP antagonist inhibited the recruitment of HOIP and prevented HOIP-mediated M1-ubiquitination of the TNFR2 signaling complex, indicating that HOIP recruitment to the TNFR2 relies on cIAPs. Finally, we show that both HOIP and cIAP1 are required for TNFR2-induced canonical NF-κB activation. Together, our findings demonstrate an important role for M1- and K63-linked polyubiquitination in TNFR2 signaling.
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