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Hou B, Xu Y, Wang D, Dong C, Yan F, Cheng X, Sun S, Bo C, Liu Z, Qin Y, Wang H, Kong L. A novel strategy for detoxification of deoxynivalenol via modification of both toxic groups. Food Chem 2024; 456:139886. [PMID: 38870804 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most abundant mycotoxin in cereal crops and derived foods and is of great concern in agriculture. Bioremediation strategies have long been sought to minimize the impact of mycotoxin contamination, but few direct and effective enzyme-catalyzed detoxification methods are currently available. In this study, we established a multi-enzymatic cascade reaction and successfully achieved detoxification at double sites: glutathionylation for the C-12,13 epoxide group and epimerization for the C-3 hydroxyl group. This yielded novel derivatives of DON, 3-epi-DON-13-glutathione (3-epi-DON-13-GSH) as well as its by-product, 3-keto-DON-13-GSH, for which precise structures were validated via liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Both cell viability and DNA synthesis assays demonstrated dramatically decreased cytotoxicity of the double-site modified product 3-epi-DON-13-GSH. These findings provide a promising and urgently needed novel method for addressing the problem of DON contamination in agricultural and industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Yongchang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Dawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Chunmei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Fangfang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Xinxin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Silong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Cunyao Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Zhangwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Yao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Lingrang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
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Guo C, Wen J, Sun Y, Liang G, Wang Z, Pan L, Huang J, Liao Y, Wang Z, Chen Q, Mu P, Deng Y. Pyrroloquinoline quinone production defines the ability of Devosia species to degrade deoxynivalenol. Food Funct 2024; 15:6134-6146. [PMID: 38767386 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00024b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a prevalent mycotoxin that primarily contaminates cereal crops and animal feed, posing a significant risk to human and animal health. In recent years, an increasing number of Devosia strains have been identified as DON degradation bacteria, and significant efforts have been made to explore their potential applications in the food and animal feed industries. However, the characteristics and mechanisms of DON degradation in Devosia strains are still unclear. In this study, we identified a novel DON degrading bacterium, Devosia sp. D-G15 (D-G15), from soil samples. The major degradation products of DON in D-G15 were 3-keto-DON, 3-epi-DON and an unidentified product, compound C. The cell viability assay showed that the DON degradation product of D-G15 revealed significantly reduced toxicity to HEK293T cells compared to DON. Three enzymes for DON degradation were further identified, with G15-DDH converting DON to 3-keto-DON and G15-AKR1/G15-AKR6 reducing 3-keto-DON to 3-epi-DON. Interestingly, genome comparison of Devosia strains showed that the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) synthesis gene cluster is a unique feature of DON degradation strains. Subsequently, adding PQQ to the cultural media of Devosia strains without PQQ synthesis genes endowed them with DON degradation activity. Furthermore, a novel DON-degrading enzyme G13-DDH (<30% homology with known DON dehydrogenase) was identified from a Devosia strain that lacks PQQ synthesis ability. In summary, a novel DON degrading Devosia strain and its key enzymes were identified, and PQQ production was found as a distinct feature among Devosia strains with DON degradation activity, which is important for developing Devosia strain-based technology in DON detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jikai Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zijiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jiarun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yuanxin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zeyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Qingmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Peiqiang Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Kenngott KGJ, Muñoz K. The potential of soil microbial communities to transform deoxynivalenol in agricultural soils-a soil microcosm study. Mycotoxin Res 2024; 40:295-307. [PMID: 38507027 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Infestation of cereal fields with toxigenic Fusarium species is identified as an environmental source for the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). During rain events, DON may be washed off from infested plants and enter the soil, where microbial transformation may occur. Although some studies showed DON transformation potential of soil microbial communities in liquid soil extracts, these findings can not be transferred to environmental conditions. Accordingly, microbial transformation of DON in soil has to be investigated under realistic conditions, e.g., microcosms mimicking field situations. In this study, we investigated the potential of soil microbial communities to transform DON in six different agricultural soils at two levels (0.5 and 5 µg g-1). The dissipation and the formation of transformation products were investigated in a period of 35 days and compared to a sterilized control. In addition, we measured soil respiration and applied the phospholipid-derived fatty acid (PLFA) analysis to assess whether soil microbial community characteristics are related to the microbial transformation potential. Dissipation of DON in non-sterilized soils was fast (50% dissipation within 0.6-3.7 days) compared to the sterile control where almost no dissipation was observed. Thus, dissipation was mainly attributed to microbial transformation. We verified that small amounts of DON are transformed to 3-keto-deoxynivalenol (3-keto-DON) and 3-epi-deoxynivalenol (3-epi-DON), which were not detectable after 16-day incubation, indicating further transformation processes. There was a trend towards faster transformation in soils with active and large microbial communities and low fungi-to-bacteria ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian G J Kenngott
- Institute for Environmental Sciences (iES) Landau, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau, 76829, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
| | - Katherine Muñoz
- Institute for Environmental Sciences (iES) Landau, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau, 76829, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
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Liu Y, Ma M, Tang Y, Huang Z, Guo Y, Ma Q, Zhao L. A NADPH-Dependent Aldo/Keto Reductase Is Responsible for Detoxifying 3-Keto-Deoxynivalenol to 3- epi-Deoxynivalenol in Pelagibacterium halotolerans ANSP101. Foods 2024; 13:1064. [PMID: 38611368 PMCID: PMC11011506 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), primarily generated by Fusarium species, often exists in agricultural products. It can be transformed to 3-epi-deoxynivalenol (3-epi-DON), with a relatively low toxicity, via two steps. DDH in Pelagibacterium halotolerans ANSP101 was proved to convert DON to 3-keto-deoxynivalenol (3-keto-DON). In the present research, AKR4, a NADPH-dependent aldo/keto reductase from P. halotolerans ANSP101, was identified to be capable of converting 3-keto-DON into 3-epi-DON. Our results demonstrated that AKR4 is clearly a NADPH-dependent enzyme, for its utilization of NADPH is higher than that of NADH. AKR4 functions at a range of pH 5-10 and temperatures of 20-60 °C. AKR4 is able to degrade 89% of 3-keto-DON in 90 min at pH 7 and 50 °C with NADPH as the cofactor. The discovery of AKR4, serving as an enzyme involved in the final step in DON degradation, might provide an option for the final detoxification of DON in food and feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (M.M.); (Y.T.); (Z.H.); (Q.M.)
| | - Mingxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (M.M.); (Y.T.); (Z.H.); (Q.M.)
| | - Yu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (M.M.); (Y.T.); (Z.H.); (Q.M.)
| | - Zhenqian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (M.M.); (Y.T.); (Z.H.); (Q.M.)
| | - Yongpeng Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (M.M.); (Y.T.); (Z.H.); (Q.M.)
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (M.M.); (Y.T.); (Z.H.); (Q.M.)
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Sun H, He Z, Xiong D, Long M. Mechanisms by which microbial enzymes degrade four mycotoxins and application in animal production: A review. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 15:256-274. [PMID: 38033608 PMCID: PMC10685049 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic compounds that pose a serious threat to animal health and food safety. Therefore, there is an urgent need for safe and efficient methods of detoxifying mycotoxins. As biotechnology has continued to develop, methods involving biological enzymes have shown great promise. Biological enzymatic methods, which can fundamentally destroy the structures of mycotoxins and produce degradation products whose toxicity is greatly reduced, are generally more specific, efficient, and environmentally friendly. Mycotoxin-degrading enzymes can thus facilitate the safe and effective detoxification of mycotoxins which gives them a huge advantage over other methods. This article summarizes the newly discovered degrading enzymes that can degrade four common mycotoxins (aflatoxins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and ochratoxin A) in the past five years, and reveals the degradation mechanism of degrading enzymes on four mycotoxins, as well as their positive effects on animal production. This review will provide a theoretical basis for the safe treatment of mycotoxins by using biological enzyme technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Ziqi He
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Dongwei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
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Wang Y, Zhao D, Zhang W, Wang S, Huang K, Guo B. Biotransformation of Deoxynivalenol by a Dual-Member Bacterial Consortium Isolated from Tenebrio molitor Larval Feces. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:492. [PMID: 37624249 PMCID: PMC10467086 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15080492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a dual-member bacterial consortium with the ability to oxidize deoxynivalenol (DON) to 3-keto-DON, designated SD, was first screened from the feces of Tenebrio molitor larvae. This consortium consisted of Pseudomonas sp. SD17-1 and Devosia sp. SD17-2, as determined by 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic analysis. A temperature of 30 °C, a pH of 8.0-9.0, and an initial inoculum concentration ratio of Devosia to Pseudomonas of 0.1 were optimal single-factor parameters for the DON oxidation activity of the bacterial consortium SD. Genome-based bioinformatics analysis revealed the presence of an intact PQQ biosynthesis operon (pqqFABCDEG) and four putative pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes in the genomes of Pseudomonas strain SD17-1 and Devosia strain SD17-2, respectively. Biochemical analyses further confirmed the PQQ-producing phenotype of Pseudomonas and the DON-oxidizing enzymatic activities of two of four PQQ-dependent ADHs in Devosia. The addition of PQQ-containing a cell-free fermentation supernatant from Pseudomonas activated DON-oxidizing activity of Devosia. In summary, as members of the bacterial consortium SD, Pseudomonas and Devosia play indispensable and complementary roles in SD's oxidation of DON. Specifically, Pseudomonas is responsible for producing the necessary PQQ cofactor, whereas Devosia expresses the PQQ-dependent DON dehydrogenase, together facilitating the oxidation of DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Institute of Grain and Oil Quality and Safety, Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No.11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China; (Y.W.)
| | - Donglei Zhao
- Institute of Grain and Oil Quality and Safety, Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No.11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China; (Y.W.)
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Grain and Oil Quality and Safety, Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No.11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China; (Y.W.)
| | - Songxue Wang
- Institute of Grain and Oil Quality and Safety, Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No.11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China; (Y.W.)
| | - Kai Huang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Baoyuan Guo
- Institute of Grain and Oil Quality and Safety, Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No.11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China; (Y.W.)
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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Ding YY, Sun Y, Luo XF, Zhang SY, Wang R, Yang ZG, Wang JR, Zhang BQ, Zhang ZJ, Ma Y, An JX, Zhou H, Liu YQ. Anti-phytopathogenic activity and the mechanisms of phthalides from Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:2135-2146. [PMID: 36721354 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The resistance of traditional chemical fungicides to plant pathogenic fungi and the threats to the safety of humans and the environment highlight an urgent need to find safe and efficient alternatives to chemical fungicides. Owing to the wide spectrum of antifungal activities, low persistence and nontoxicity to mammals and aquatic life, essential oils have considerable potential as low-risk pesticides. In this study, the essential oil and the main components of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Danggui) were extracted, analyzed by GC-MS, and evaluated for their antifungal activities against six plant pathogenic fungi. RESULTS 3-butylidenephthalide (3-BPH) showed the best antifungal activity against Fusarium graminearum with an EC50 value of 14.35 μg mL-1 . The antifungal mechanistic studies revealed that 3-BPH induced the generation of endogenous ROS to cause lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane and inhibited the biosynthesis of ergosterol, thereby causing the cell membrane damaged to exert its fungicidal activity. Significantly, 3-BPH could reduce deoxynivalenol production compared to the control. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the potent fungicidal activity of natural phthalide compound 3-BPH and highlighted its potential as an alternative agent to control F. graminearum. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Xiong-Fei Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shao-Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing-Ru Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bao-Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun-Xia An
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Han Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Statsyuk NV, Popletaeva SB, Shcherbakova LA. Post-Harvest Prevention of Fusariotoxin Contamination of Agricultural Products by Irreversible Microbial Biotransformation: Current Status and Prospects. BIOTECH 2023; 12:biotech12020032. [PMID: 37218749 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological degradation of mycotoxins is a promising environmentally-friendly alternative to chemical and physical detoxification methods. To date, a lot of microorganisms able to degrade them have been described; however, the number of studies determining degradation mechanisms and irreversibility of transformation, identifying resulting metabolites, and evaluating in vivo efficiency and safety of such biodegradation is significantly lower. At the same time, these data are crucial for the evaluation of the potential of the practical application of such microorganisms as mycotoxin-decontaminating agents or sources of mycotoxin-degrading enzymes. To date, there are no published reviews, which would be focused only on mycotoxin-degrading microorganisms with the proved irreversible transformation of these compounds into less toxic compounds. In this review, the existing information about microorganisms able to efficiently transform the three most common fusariotoxins (zearalenone, deoxinyvalenol, and fumonisin B1) is presented with allowance for the data on the corresponding irreversible transformation pathways, produced metabolites, and/or toxicity reduction. The recent data on the enzymes responsible for the irreversible transformation of these fusariotoxins are also presented, and the promising future trends in the studies in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Statsyuk
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, 143050 Bolshie Vyazemy, Russia
| | - Sophya B Popletaeva
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, 143050 Bolshie Vyazemy, Russia
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Tang Y, Xiao D, Liu C. Two-Step Epimerization of Deoxynivalenol by Quinone-Dependent Dehydrogenase and Candida parapsilosis ACCC 20221. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15040286. [PMID: 37104224 PMCID: PMC10146952 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15040286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the main mycotoxins with enteric toxicity, genetic toxicity, and immunotoxicity, and is widely found in corn, barley, wheat, and rye. In order to achieve effective detoxification of DON, the least toxic 3-epi-DON (1/357th of the toxicity of DON) was chosen as the target for degradation. Quinone-dependent dehydrogenase (QDDH) reported from Devosia train D6-9 detoxifies DON by converting C3-OH to a ketone group with toxicity of less than 1/10 that of DON. In this study, the recombinant plasmid pPIC9K-QDDH was constructed and successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. Within 12 h, recombinant QDDH converted 78.46% of the 20 μg/mL DON to 3-keto-DON. Candida parapsilosis ACCC 20221 was screened for its activity in reducing 86.59% of 3-keto-DON within 48 h; its main products were identified as 3-epi-DON and DON. In addition, a two-step method was performed for epimerizing DON: 12 h catalysis by recombinant QDDH and 6 h transformation of the C. parapsilosis ACCC 20221 cell catalyst. The production rates of 3-keto-DON and 3-epi-DON were 51.59% and 32.57%, respectively, after manipulation. Through this study, effective detoxification of 84.16% of DON was achieved, with the products being mainly 3-keto-DON and 3-epi-DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Tang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wu Shan, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dingna Xiao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wu Shan, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chendi Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wu Shan, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Li Y, Gao H, Wang R, Xu Q. Deoxynivalenol in food and feed: Recent advances in decontamination strategies. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1141378. [PMID: 36998392 PMCID: PMC10043330 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1141378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin that contaminates animal feed and crops around the world. DON not only causes significant economic losses, but can also lead diarrhea, vomiting, and gastroenteritis in humans and farm animals. Thus, there is an urgent need to find efficient approaches for DON decontamination in feed and food. However, physical and chemical treatment of DON may affect the nutrients, safety, and palatability of food. By contrast, biological detoxification methods based on microbial strains or enzymes have the advantages of high specificity, efficiency, and no secondary pollution. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the recently developed strategies for DON detoxification and classify their mechanisms. In addition, we identify remaining challenges in DON biodegradation and suggest research directions to address them. In the future, an in-depth understanding of the specific mechanisms through which DON is detoxified will provide an efficient, safe, and economical means for the removal of toxins from food and feed.
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11
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Adegoke TV, Yang B, Xing F, Tian X, Wang G, Tai B, Si P, Hussain S, Jahan I. Microbial Enzymes Involved in the Biotransformation of Major Mycotoxins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:35-51. [PMID: 36573671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins, the most researched biological toxins, can contaminate food and feed, resulting in severe health implications for humans and animals. Physical, chemical, and biological techniques are used to mitigate mycotoxin contamination. The biotransformation method using whole microbial cells or isolated enzymes is the best choice to mitigate mycotoxins. Using specific enzymes may avoid the disadvantages of utilizing a full microbe, such as accidental harm to the product's organoleptic characteristics and hazardous safety features. Moreover, the degradation rates of the isolated enzymes are higher than those of the whole-cell reactions, and they are substrate-specific. Their specificity is comprehensive and is shown at the positional and/or chiral center in many circumstances. Currently, only a few enzymes of microbial origin are commercially available. Therefore, there is a need to identify more novel enzymes of microbial origin that can mitigate mycotoxins. In this review, we conducted an in-depth summary of the microbial enzymes involved in the biotransformation of mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosin Victor Adegoke
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bolei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fuguo Xing
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bowen Tai
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peidong Si
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sarfaraz Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Israt Jahan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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12
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Abraham N, Chan ETS, Zhou T, Seah SYK. Microbial detoxification of mycotoxins in food. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:957148. [PMID: 36504774 PMCID: PMC9726736 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.957148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain genera of fungi including but not limited to Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. Their persistence in agricultural commodities poses a significant food safety issue owing to their carcinogenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressive effects. Due to their inherent stability, mycotoxin levels in contaminated food often exceed the prescribed regulatory thresholds posing a risk to both humans and livestock. Although physical and chemical methods have been applied to remove mycotoxins, these approaches may reduce the nutrient quality and organoleptic properties of food. Microbial transformation of mycotoxins is a promising alternative for mycotoxin detoxification as it is more specific and environmentally friendly compared to physical/chemical methods. Here we review the biological detoxification of the major mycotoxins with a focus on microbial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Abraham
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada,Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Edicon Tze Shun Chan
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ting Zhou
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Y. K. Seah
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Stephen Y. K. Seah,
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13
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Abraham N, Schroeter KL, Zhu Y, Chan J, Evans N, Kimber MS, Carere J, Zhou T, Seah SYK. Structure-function characterization of an aldo-keto reductase involved in detoxification of the mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14737. [PMID: 36042239 PMCID: PMC9427786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin, produced by filamentous fungi such as Fusarium graminearum, that causes significant yield losses of cereal grain crops worldwide. One of the most promising methods to detoxify this mycotoxin involves its enzymatic epimerization to 3-epi-DON. DepB plays a critical role in this process by reducing 3-keto-DON, an intermediate in the epimerization process, to 3-epi-DON. DepBRleg from Rhizobium leguminosarum is a member of the new aldo-keto reductase family, AKR18, and it has the unusual ability to utilize both NADH and NADPH as coenzymes, albeit with a 40-fold higher catalytic efficiency with NADPH compared to NADH. Structural analysis of DepBRleg revealed the putative roles of Lys-217, Arg-290, and Gln-294 in NADPH specificity. Replacement of these residues by site-specific mutagenesis to negatively charged amino acids compromised NADPH binding with minimal effects on NADH binding. The substrate-binding site of DepBRleg is larger than its closest structural homolog, AKR6A2, likely contributing to its ability to utilize a wide range of aldehydes and ketones, including the mycotoxin, patulin, as substrates. The structure of DepBRleg also suggests that 3-keto-DON can adopt two binding modes to facilitate 4-pro-R hydride transfer to either the re- or si-face of the C3 ketone providing a possible explanation for the enzyme's ability to convert 3-keto-DON to 3-epi-DON and DON in diastereomeric ratios of 67.2% and 32.8% respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Abraham
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.,Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kurt L Schroeter
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Yan Zhu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan Chan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.,Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Natasha Evans
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.,Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew S Kimber
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Jason Carere
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ting Zhou
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Y K Seah
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
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14
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3-keto-DON, but Not 3- epi-DON, Retains the in Planta Toxicological Potential after the Enzymatic Biotransformation of Deoxynivalenol. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137230. [PMID: 35806249 PMCID: PMC9266554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a secondary fungal metabolite that is associated with many adverse toxicological effects in agriculture as well as human/animal nutrition. Bioremediation efforts in recent years have led to the discovery of numerous bacterial isolates that can transform DON to less toxic derivatives. Both 3-keto-DON and 3-epi-DON were recently shown to exhibit reduced toxicity, compared to DON, when tested using different cell lines and mammalian models. In the current study, the toxicological assessment of 3-keto-DON and 3-epi-DON using in planta models surprisingly revealed that 3-keto-DON, but not 3-epi-DON, retained its toxicity to a large extent in both duckweeds (Lemna minor L.) and common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) model systems. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that the exposure of L. minor to 3-keto-DON and DON resulted in substantial transcriptomic changes and similar gene expression profiles, whereas 3-epi-DON did not. These novel findings are pivotal for understanding the environmental burden of the above metabolites as well as informing the development of future transgenic plant applications. Collectively, they emphasize the fundamental need to assess both plant and animal models when evaluating metabolites/host interactions.
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15
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Hu Y, Li H, Min J, Yu Y, Liu W, Huang JW, Zhang L, Yang Y, Dai L, Chen CC, Guo RT. Crystal structure and biochemical analysis of the specialized deoxynivalenol-detoxifying glyoxalase SPG from Gossypium hirsutum. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 200:388-396. [PMID: 35051496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) and its acetylated derivatives such as 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3A-DON) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15A-DON) are notorious mycotoxins in Fusarium contaminated cereals, which pose a great threat to human and livestock health. The specialized glyoxalase I from Gossypium hirsutum (SPG) can lower the toxicity of 3A-DON by conducting isomerization to transfer C8 carbonyl to C7 and double bond from C9-C10 to C8-C9. Here we report that the substrate-flexible SPG can also recognize 15A-DON and DON, probably following the same isomerization mechanism as that for 3A-DON. The crystallographic, mutagenesis, and biochemical analyses revealed that SPG provides a hydrophobic pocket to accommodate the substrate and residue E167 might serve as the catalytic base. A variant SPGY62A that was constructed based on structure-based protein engineering exhibited elevated catalytic activity towards DON, 3A-DON, and 15A-DON by >70%. Furthermore, variant SPGY62A was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris, whose catalytic activity was also compared to that produced in Escherichia coli. These results provide a blueprint for further protein engineering of SPG and reveal the potential applications of the enzyme in detoxifying DON, 3A-DON and 15A-DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Jian Min
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Weidong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China
| | - Jian-Wen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Lilan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Longhai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
| | - Chun-Chi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
| | - Rey-Ting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
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16
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Pinto ACSM, De Pierri CR, Evangelista AG, Gomes ASDLPB, Luciano FB. Deoxynivalenol: Toxicology, Degradation by Bacteria, and Phylogenetic Analysis. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020090. [PMID: 35202118 PMCID: PMC8876347 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by fungi that contaminates many crops, mainly wheat, maize, and barley. It affects animal health, causing intestinal barrier impairment and immunostimulatory effect in low doses and emesis, reduction in feed conversion rate, and immunosuppression in high doses. As it is very hard to completely avoid DON’s production in the field, mitigatory methods have been developed. Biodegradation has become a promising method as new microorganisms are studied and new enzymatic routes are described. Understanding the common root of bacteria with DON degradation capability and the relationship with their place of isolation may bring insights for more effective ways to find DON-degrading microorganisms. The purpose of this review is to bring an overview of the occurrence, regulation, metabolism, and toxicology of DON as addressed in recent publications focusing on animal production, as well as to explore the enzymatic routes described for DON’s degradation by microorganisms and the phylogenetic relationship among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Caroline Schoch Marques Pinto
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, 1155 Imaculada Conceição Street, Prado Velho, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil; (A.C.S.M.P.); (A.G.E.); (A.S.d.L.P.B.G.)
| | - Camilla Reginatto De Pierri
- Graduate Program in Sciences—Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, 100 Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos Avenue, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81530-000, Brazil;
| | - Alberto Gonçalves Evangelista
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, 1155 Imaculada Conceição Street, Prado Velho, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil; (A.C.S.M.P.); (A.G.E.); (A.S.d.L.P.B.G.)
| | - Ana Silvia de Lara Pires Batista Gomes
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, 1155 Imaculada Conceição Street, Prado Velho, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil; (A.C.S.M.P.); (A.G.E.); (A.S.d.L.P.B.G.)
| | - Fernando Bittencourt Luciano
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, 1155 Imaculada Conceição Street, Prado Velho, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil; (A.C.S.M.P.); (A.G.E.); (A.S.d.L.P.B.G.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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A quinoprotein dehydrogenase from Pelagibacterium halotolerans ANSP101 oxidizes deoxynivalenol to 3-keto-deoxynivalenol. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Gao H, Niu J, Yang H, Lu Z, Zhou L, Meng F, Lu F, Chen M. Epimerization of Deoxynivalenol by the Devosia Strain A6-243 Assisted by Pyrroloquinoline Quinone. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 14:toxins14010016. [PMID: 35050993 PMCID: PMC8779532 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a secondary metabolite produced by several Fusarium species that is hazardous to humans and animals after entering food chains. In this study, by adding cofactors, the Devosia strain A6-243 is identified as the DON-transforming bacteria from a bacterial consortium with the ability to biotransform DON of Pseudomonas sp. B6-24 and Devosia strain A6-243, and its effect on the biotransformation process of DON is studied. The Devosia strain A6-243 completely biotransformed 100 μg/mL of DON with the assistance of the exogenous addition of PQQ (pyrroloquinoline quinone) within 48 h and produced non-toxic 3-epi-DON (3-epi-deoxynivalenol), while Pseudomonas sp. B6-24 was not able to biotransform DON, but it had the ability to generate PQQ. Moreover, the Devosia strain A6-243 not only degraded DON, but also exhibited the ability to degrade 3-keto-DON (3-keto-deoxynivalenol) with the same product 3-epi-DON, indicating that DON epimerization by the Devosia strain A6-243 is a two-step enzymatic reaction. The most suitable conditions for the biodegradation process of the Devosia strain A6-243 were a temperature of 16–37 °C and pH 7.0–10, with 15–30 μM PQQ. In addition, the Devosia strain A6-243 was found to completely remove DON (6.7 μg/g) from DON-contaminated wheat. The results presented a reference for screening microorganisms with the ability of biotransform DON and laid a foundation for the development of enzymes for the detoxification of mycotoxins in grain and its products.
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19
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Matsui K, Takeda H, Shinkai K, Kakinuma T, Koizumi Y, Kase M, Yoshinari T, Minegishi H, Nakajima Y, Aikawa S, Takahashi-Ando N, Kimura M. 4- O-Glucosylation of Trichothecenes by Fusarium Species: A Phase II Xenobiotic Metabolism for t-Type Trichothecene Producers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13542. [PMID: 34948339 PMCID: PMC8709292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The t-type trichothecene producers Fusarium sporotrichioides and Fusarium graminearum protect themselves against their own mycotoxins by acetylating the C-3 hydroxy group with Tri101p acetylase. To understand the mechanism by which they deal with exogenously added d-type trichothecenes, the Δtri5 mutants expressing all but the first trichothecene pathway enzymes were fed with trichodermol (TDmol), trichothecolone (TCC), 8-deoxytrichothecin, and trichothecin. LC-MS/MS and NMR analyses showed that these C-3 unoxygenated trichothecenes were conjugated with glucose at C-4 by α-glucosidic linkage. As t-type trichothecenes are readily incorporated into the biosynthetic pathway following the C-3 acetylation, the mycotoxins were fed to the ΔFgtri5ΔFgtri101 mutant to examine their fate. LC-MS/MS and NMR analyses demonstrated that the mutant conjugated glucose at C-4 of HT-2 toxin (HT-2) by α-glucosidic linkage, while the ΔFgtri5 mutant metabolized HT-2 to 3-acetyl HT-2 toxin and T-2 toxin. The 4-O-glucosylation of exogenously added t-type trichothecenes appears to be a general response of the ΔFgtri5ΔFgtri101 mutant, as nivalenol and its acetylated derivatives appeared to be conjugated with hexose to some extent. The toxicities of 4-O-glucosides of TDmol, TCC, and HT-2 were much weaker than their corresponding aglycons, suggesting that 4-O-glucosylation serves as a phase II xenobiotic metabolism for t-type trichothecene producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Matsui
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Hirone Takeda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe 350-8585, Saitama, Japan; (H.T.); (K.S.); (Y.K.); (M.K.); (H.M.)
| | - Koki Shinkai
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe 350-8585, Saitama, Japan; (H.T.); (K.S.); (Y.K.); (M.K.); (H.M.)
| | - Takao Kakinuma
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe 350-8585, Saitama, Japan;
| | - Yoshiaki Koizumi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe 350-8585, Saitama, Japan; (H.T.); (K.S.); (Y.K.); (M.K.); (H.M.)
| | - Masahiro Kase
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe 350-8585, Saitama, Japan; (H.T.); (K.S.); (Y.K.); (M.K.); (H.M.)
| | - Tomoya Yoshinari
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health and Sciences, Kawasaki 210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Hiroaki Minegishi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe 350-8585, Saitama, Japan; (H.T.); (K.S.); (Y.K.); (M.K.); (H.M.)
| | - Yuichi Nakajima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Shunichi Aikawa
- Research Institute of Industrial Technology, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe 350-8585, Saitama, Japan;
| | - Naoko Takahashi-Ando
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe 350-8585, Saitama, Japan; (H.T.); (K.S.); (Y.K.); (M.K.); (H.M.)
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe 350-8585, Saitama, Japan;
- Research Institute of Industrial Technology, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe 350-8585, Saitama, Japan;
| | - Makoto Kimura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.N.); (M.K.)
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20
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Vanhoutte I, De Tender C, Demeyere K, Abdallah MF, Ommeslag S, Vermeir P, Saeger SD, Debode J, Meyer E, Croubels S, Audenaert K, De Gelder L. Bacterial Enrichment Cultures Biotransform the Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol into a Novel Metabolite Toxic to Plant and Porcine Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13080552. [PMID: 34437423 PMCID: PMC8402469 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), produced in wheat, barley and maize by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum, is threatening the health of humans and animals. With its worldwide high incidence in food and feed, mitigation strategies are needed to detoxify DON, maintaining the nutritional value and palatability of decontaminated commodities. A promising technique is biological degradation, where microorganisms are used to biotransform mycotoxins into less toxic metabolites. In this study, bacterial enrichment cultures were screened for their DON detoxification potential, where DON and its potential derivatives were monitored. The residual phytotoxicity was determined through a bioassay using the aquatic plant Lemna minor L. Two bacterial enrichment cultures were found to biotransform DON into a still highly toxic metabolite for plants. Furthermore, a cytotoxic effect was observed on the cellular viability of intestinal porcine epithelial cells. Through liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis, an unknown compound was detected, and tentatively characterized with a molecular weight of 30.0 Da (i.e., CH2O) higher than DON. Metabarcoding of the subsequently enriched bacterial communities revealed a shift towards the genera Sphingopyxis, Pseudoxanthomonas, Ochrobactrum and Pseudarthrobacter. This work describes the discovery of a novel bacterial DON-derived metabolite, toxic to plant and porcine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Vanhoutte
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Caroline De Tender
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (C.D.T.); (S.O.); (J.D.)
- Computer Science and Statistics, Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristel Demeyere
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (K.D.); (E.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Mohamed F. Abdallah
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.F.A.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Sarah Ommeslag
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (C.D.T.); (S.O.); (J.D.)
| | - Pieter Vermeir
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis (LCA), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.F.A.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Jane Debode
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (C.D.T.); (S.O.); (J.D.)
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (K.D.); (E.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (K.D.); (E.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Leen De Gelder
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-9-243-24-75
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21
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Pellan L, Dieye CAT, Durand N, Fontana A, Strub C, Schorr-Galindo S. Biocontrol Agents: Toolbox for the Screening of Weapons against Mycotoxigenic Fusarium. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:446. [PMID: 34205071 PMCID: PMC8226957 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a set of experiments to screen and decipher the mechanisms of biocontrol agents (BCAs), isolated from commercial formulation, against two major mycotoxigenic fungi in cereals, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium verticillioides. These two phytopathogens produce mycotoxins harmful to human and animal health and are responsible for the massive use of pesticides, for the protection of cereals. It is therefore essential to better understand the mechanisms of action of alternative control strategies such as the use of BCAs in order to optimize their applications. The early and late stages of interaction between BCAs and pathogens were investigated from germination of spores to the effects on perithecia (survival form of pathogen). The analysis of antagonist activities of BCAs revealed different strategies of biocontrol where chronological, process combination and specialization aspects of interactions are discussed. Streptomyces griseoviridis main strategy is based on antibiosis with the secretion of several compounds with anti-fungal and anti-germination activity, but also a mixture of hydrolytic enzymes to attack pathogens, which compensates for an important deficit in terms of spatial colonization capacity. It has good abilities in terms of nutritional competition. Trichoderma asperellum is capable of activating a very wide range of defenses and attacks combining the synthesis of various antifungal compounds (metabolite, enzymes, VOCs), with different targets (spores, mycelium, mycotoxins), and direct action by mycoparasitism and mycophagy. Concerning Pythium oligandrum, its efficiency is mainly due to its strong capacity to colonize the environment, with a direct action via microbial predation, stimulation of its reproduction at the contact of pathogens and the reduction of perithecia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Pellan
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 34095 Montpellier, France; (L.P.); (C.A.T.D.); (N.D.); (A.F.); (S.S.-G.)
| | - Cheikh Ahmeth Tidiane Dieye
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 34095 Montpellier, France; (L.P.); (C.A.T.D.); (N.D.); (A.F.); (S.S.-G.)
| | - Noël Durand
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 34095 Montpellier, France; (L.P.); (C.A.T.D.); (N.D.); (A.F.); (S.S.-G.)
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Angélique Fontana
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 34095 Montpellier, France; (L.P.); (C.A.T.D.); (N.D.); (A.F.); (S.S.-G.)
| | - Caroline Strub
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 34095 Montpellier, France; (L.P.); (C.A.T.D.); (N.D.); (A.F.); (S.S.-G.)
| | - Sabine Schorr-Galindo
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 34095 Montpellier, France; (L.P.); (C.A.T.D.); (N.D.); (A.F.); (S.S.-G.)
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22
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Zhang D, Tian Y, Tian Y, Xing H, Liu S, Zhang H, Ding S, Cai P, Sun D, Zhang T, Hong Y, Dai H, Tu W, Chen J, Wu A, Hu QN. A data-driven integrative platform for computational prediction of toxin biotransformation with a case study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124810. [PMID: 33360695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, biogenic toxins have received increasing attention owing to their high contamination levels in feed and food as well as in the environment. However, there is a lack of an integrative platform for seamless linking of data-driven computational methods with 'wet' experimental validations. To this end, we constructed a novel platform that integrates the technical aspects of toxin biotransformation methods. First, a biogenic toxin database termed ToxinDB (http://www.rxnfinder.org/toxindb/), containing multifaceted data on more than 4836 toxins, was built. Next, more than 8000 biotransformation reaction rules were extracted from over 300,000 biochemical reactions extracted from ~580,000 literature reports curated by more than 100 people over the past decade. Based on these reaction rules, a toxin biotransformation prediction model was constructed. Finally, the global chemical space of biogenic toxins was constructed, comprising ~550,000 toxins and putative toxin metabolites, of which 94.7% of the metabolites have not been previously reported. Additionally, we performed a case study to investigate citrinin metabolism in Trichoderma, and a novel metabolite was identified with the assistance of the biotransformation prediction tool of ToxinDB. This unique integrative platform will assist exploration of the 'dark matter' of a toxin's metabolome and promote the discovery of detoxification enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dachuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Ye Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Yu Tian
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China; Wuhan LifeSynther Science and Technology Co. Limited, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Huadong Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Sheng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Haoyang Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Shaozhen Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Pengli Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China
| | - Dandan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Tong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Yanhong Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Hongkun Dai
- Shandong Runda Testing Technology Co. Limited, Weifang 261000, PR China
| | - Weizhong Tu
- Wuhan LifeSynther Science and Technology Co. Limited, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Junni Chen
- Wuhan LifeSynther Science and Technology Co. Limited, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Aibo Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China.
| | - Qian-Nan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China.
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23
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Wang W, Zhu Y, Abraham N, Li XZ, Kimber M, Zhou T. The Ribosome-Binding Mode of Trichothecene Mycotoxins Rationalizes Their Structure-Activity Relationships. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1604. [PMID: 33562610 PMCID: PMC7914836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichothecenes are the most prevalent mycotoxins contaminating cereal grains. Some of them are also considered as the virulence factors of Fusarium head blight disease. However, the mechanism behind the structure-activity relationship for trichothecenes remains unexplained. Filling this information gap is a crucial step for developing strategies to manage this large family of mycotoxins in food and feed. Here, we perform an in-depth re-examination of the existing structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosome complexed with three different trichothecenes. Multiple binding interactions between trichothecenes and 25S rRNA, including hydrogen bonds, nonpolar pi stacking interactions and metal ion coordination interactions, are identified as important binding determinants. These interactions are mainly contributed by the key structural elements to the toxicity of trichothecenes, including the oxygen in the 12,13-epoxide ring and a double bond between C9 and C10. In addition, the C3-OH group also participates in binding. The comparison of three trichothecenes binding to the ribosome, along with their binding pocket architecture, suggests that the substitutions at different positions impact trichothecenes binding in two different patterns. Moreover, the binding of trichothecenes induced conformation changes of several nucleotide bases in 25S rRNA. This then provides a structural framework for understanding the structure-activity relationships apparent in trichothecenes. This study will facilitate the development of strategies aimed at detoxifying mycotoxins in food and feed and at improving the resistance of cereal crops to Fusarium fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wang
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada; (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (N.A.); (X.-Z.L.)
| | - Yan Zhu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada; (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (N.A.); (X.-Z.L.)
| | - Nadine Abraham
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada; (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (N.A.); (X.-Z.L.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Xiu-Zhen Li
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada; (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (N.A.); (X.-Z.L.)
| | - Matthew Kimber
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Ting Zhou
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada; (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (N.A.); (X.-Z.L.)
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24
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The biological detoxification of deoxynivalenol: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111649. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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25
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Hales B, Steed A, Giovannelli V, Burt C, Lemmens M, Molnár-Láng M, Nicholson P. Type II Fusarium head blight susceptibility conferred by a region on wheat chromosome 4D. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4703-4714. [PMID: 32473016 PMCID: PMC7410183 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) causes significant grain yield and quality reductions in wheat and barley. Most wheat varieties are incapable of preventing FHB spread through the rachis, but disease is typically limited to individually infected spikelets in barley. We point-inoculated wheat lines possessing barley chromosome introgressions to test whether FHB resistance could be observed in a wheat genetic background. The most striking differential was between 4H(4D) substitution and 4H addition lines. The 4H addition line was similarly susceptible to the wheat parent, but the 4H(4D) substitution line was highly resistant, which suggests that there is an FHB susceptibility factor on wheat chromosome 4D. Point inoculation of Chinese Spring 4D ditelosomic lines demonstrated that removing 4DS results in high FHB resistance. We genotyped four Chinese Spring 4DS terminal deletion lines to better characterize the deletions in each line. FHB phenotyping indicated that lines del4DS-2 and del4DS-4, containing smaller deletions, were susceptible and had retained the susceptibility factor. Lines del4DS-3 and del4DS-1 contain larger deletions and were both significantly more resistant, and hence had presumably lost the susceptibility factor. Combining the genotyping and phenotyping results allowed us to refine the susceptibility factor to a 31.7 Mbp interval on 4DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hales
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Andrew Steed
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Vincenzo Giovannelli
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Christopher Burt
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Marc Lemmens
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA Tulln, Tulln, Austria
| | - Marta Molnár-Láng
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Paul Nicholson
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Correspondence:
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26
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Hales B, Steed A, Giovannelli V, Burt C, Lemmens M, Molnár-Láng M, Nicholson P. Type II Fusarium head blight susceptibility conferred by a region on wheat chromosome 4D. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4703-4714. [PMID: 32473016 DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.06.937425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) causes significant grain yield and quality reductions in wheat and barley. Most wheat varieties are incapable of preventing FHB spread through the rachis, but disease is typically limited to individually infected spikelets in barley. We point-inoculated wheat lines possessing barley chromosome introgressions to test whether FHB resistance could be observed in a wheat genetic background. The most striking differential was between 4H(4D) substitution and 4H addition lines. The 4H addition line was similarly susceptible to the wheat parent, but the 4H(4D) substitution line was highly resistant, which suggests that there is an FHB susceptibility factor on wheat chromosome 4D. Point inoculation of Chinese Spring 4D ditelosomic lines demonstrated that removing 4DS results in high FHB resistance. We genotyped four Chinese Spring 4DS terminal deletion lines to better characterize the deletions in each line. FHB phenotyping indicated that lines del4DS-2 and del4DS-4, containing smaller deletions, were susceptible and had retained the susceptibility factor. Lines del4DS-3 and del4DS-1 contain larger deletions and were both significantly more resistant, and hence had presumably lost the susceptibility factor. Combining the genotyping and phenotyping results allowed us to refine the susceptibility factor to a 31.7 Mbp interval on 4DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hales
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Andrew Steed
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Vincenzo Giovannelli
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Christopher Burt
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Marc Lemmens
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA Tulln, Tulln, Austria
| | - Marta Molnár-Láng
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Paul Nicholson
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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27
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Zhang J, Qin X, Guo Y, Zhang Q, Ma Q, Ji C, Zhao L. Enzymatic degradation of deoxynivalenol by a novel bacterium, Pelagibacterium halotolerans ANSP101. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 140:111276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Metabolomics-guided analysis reveals a two-step epimerization of deoxynivalenol catalyzed by the bacterial consortium IFSN-C1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6045-6056. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10673-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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29
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He WJ, Shi MM, Yang P, Huang T, Zhao Y, Wu AB, Dong WB, Li HP, Zhang JB, Liao YC. A quinone-dependent dehydrogenase and two NADPH-dependent aldo/keto reductases detoxify deoxynivalenol in wheat via epimerization in a Devosia strain. Food Chem 2020; 321:126703. [PMID: 32247890 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is typically controlled by fungicides. Here, we report DON detoxification using enzymes from the highly active Devosia strain D6-9 which degraded DON at 2.5 μg/min/108 cells. Strain D6-9 catabolized DON to 3-keto-DON and 3-epi-DON, completely removing DON in wheat. Genome analysis of three Devosia strains (D6-9, D17, and D13584), with strain D6-9 transcriptomes, identified three genes responsible for DON epimerization. One gene encodes a quinone-dependent DON dehydrogenase QDDH which oxidized DON into 3-keto-DON. Two genes encode the NADPH-dependent aldo/keto reductases AKR13B2 and AKR6D1 that convert 3-keto-DON into 3-epi-DON. Recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli efficiently degraded DON in wheat grains. Molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that residues S497, E499, and E535 function in QDDH's DON-oxidizing activity. These results advance potential microbial and enzymatic elimination of DON in agricultural samples and lend insight into the underlying mechanisms and molecular evolution of DON detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie He
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wheat/Wheat Disease Biology Research Station for Central China, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Meng Shi
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yang
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Bo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu-Bei Dong
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - He-Ping Li
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Bo Zhang
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Cai Liao
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Guo H, Ji J, Wang J, Sun X. Deoxynivalenol: Masked forms, fate during food processing, and potential biological remedies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:895-926. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and NutritionJiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Jian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and NutritionJiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Jia‐sheng Wang
- Department of Environmental ToxicologyUniversity of Georgia Athens Georgia
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and NutritionJiangnan University Wuxi China
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31
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Li P, Su R, Yin R, Lai D, Wang M, Liu Y, Zhou L. Detoxification of Mycotoxins through Biotransformation. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12020121. [PMID: 32075201 PMCID: PMC7076809 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic fungal secondary metabolites that pose a major threat to the safety of food and feed. Mycotoxins are usually converted into less toxic or non-toxic metabolites through biotransformation that are often made by living organisms as well as the isolated enzymes. The conversions mainly include hydroxylation, oxidation, hydrogenation, de-epoxidation, methylation, glycosylation and glucuronidation, esterification, hydrolysis, sulfation, demethylation and deamination. Biotransformations of some notorious mycotoxins such as alfatoxins, alternariol, citrinin, fomannoxin, ochratoxins, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone analogues are reviewed in detail. The recent development and applications of mycotoxins detoxification through biotransformation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.L.); (R.S.); (R.Y.); (D.L.)
| | - Ruixue Su
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.L.); (R.S.); (R.Y.); (D.L.)
| | - Ruya Yin
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.L.); (R.S.); (R.Y.); (D.L.)
| | - Daowan Lai
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.L.); (R.S.); (R.Y.); (D.L.)
| | - Mingan Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.L.); (R.S.); (R.Y.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-1199
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Wang Y, Wang G, Dai Y, Wang Y, Lee YW, Shi J, Xu J. Biodegradation of Deoxynivalenol by a Novel Microbial Consortium. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2964. [PMID: 31969870 PMCID: PMC6960266 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a common mycotoxin of type B trichothecene, is produced mainly by several Fusarium species. DON causes great losses in farming and poses severe safety risks to human and animal health. Thus, DON contamination in cereals and DON toxicity are of worldwide concern. In this study, we screened the bacterial consortium C20, which efficiently degraded almost 70 μg ml−1 DON within 5 days. The bacterial consortium also had the ability to degrade 15-acetyl-DON, 3-acetyl-DON, and T-2 toxin. The bacterial consortium C20 was able to degrade DON under a wide range of pH and temperature conditions. The optimal temperature and pH for DON degradation were 30°C and pH 8.0, respectively. The bacterial consortium C20 comprised of different bacterial genera, and several strains were found to significantly increase when cultured in Mineral Medium with 100 μg ml−1 DON based on the analysis of the sequences of the hypervariable V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. 3-keto-DON was confirmed as a degradation product of DON by liquid chromatography/time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The results indicated that the bacterial consortium C20 is a potential candidate for the biodegradation of DON in a safe and environmentally friendly manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijun Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin-Won Lee
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jianrong Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jianhong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Hassan YI, He JW, Lepp D, Zhou T. Understanding the Bacterial Response to Mycotoxins: The Transcriptomic Analysis of Deoxynivalenol-Induced Changes in Devosia mutans 17-2-E-8. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1098. [PMID: 31798443 PMCID: PMC6868067 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a major fusarium toxin widely detected in cereal grains. The inadvertent exposure to this fungal secondary-metabolite gives rise to a myriad of adverse health effects including appetite loss, emesis, and suppression of the immune system. While most of the attention this mycotoxin has gained in the past four decades was related to its eukaryotic toxicity (monogastric animals and plants more precisely), recent studies have begun to reveal its negative influence on prokaryotes. Recently presented evidence indicates that DON can negatively affect many bacterial species, raising the possibility of DON-induced imbalances within the microbiota of the human and animal gut, in addition to other environmental niches. This in turn has led to a greater interest in understanding bacterial responses toward DON, and the involved mechanism(s) and metabolic pathways, in order to build a more comprehensive picture of DON-induced changes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes alike. This study reveals the transcriptomic profiling of Devosia mutans strain 17-2-E-8 after the inclusion of DON within its growth medium. The results highlight three adaptive mechanisms involved in the response of D. mutans 17-2-E-8 to this mycotoxin, which include: (a) activation of adenosine 5’-triphosphate-binding cassette transporters; (b) engagement of a toxin-specific pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent detoxification pathway; and finally (c) the upregulation of auxiliary coping proteins such as porins, glutathione S-transferases, and phosphotransferases. Some of the identified mechanisms are universal in nature and are shared with other bacterial genera and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef I Hassan
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jian Wei He
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Dion Lepp
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ting Zhou
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Complete Genome Sequence of Potential Deoxynivalenol-Degrading Bacterium Youhaiella tibetensis Type Strain F4. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/40/e00984-19. [PMID: 31582439 PMCID: PMC6776779 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00984-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of the potential deoxynivalenol-degrading strain Youhaiella tibetensis F4T (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center [CGMCC] 1.12719T). To the best of our knowledge, this is also the first announcement of the complete genome sequence of a Youhaiella species. Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of the potential deoxynivalenol-degrading strain Youhaiella tibetensis F4T (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center [CGMCC] 1.12719T). To the best of our knowledge, this is also the first announcement of the complete genome sequence of a Youhaiella species.
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Zhai Y, Zhong L, Gao H, Lu Z, Bie X, Zhao H, Zhang C, Lu F. Detoxification of Deoxynivalenol by a Mixed Culture of Soil Bacteria With 3 -epi-Deoxynivalenol as the Main Intermediate. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2172. [PMID: 31616395 PMCID: PMC6764018 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a widely distributed mycotoxin that frequently occurs in various agricultural raw materials and feeds. DON acts as a virulence factor that accelerates the spread of plant diseases; moreover, its accumulation in grains causes yield loss and serious health problems to humans and livestock. Biodegradation of DON into less- or non-toxic substances using naturally existing microorganisms is considered the best approach for DON detoxification. Although various single isolates and mixed cultures capable of detoxifying DON have been reported, details of the metabolic pathways and the degrading enzymes/coding genes involved are scarce. In this study, we aimed to isolate DON-degrading bacteria from soil samples and explore the mechanisms. Toward this end, 85 soil samples collected from different provinces in China were enriched under aerobic conditions with mineral media containing 50 μg/ml of DON as the sole carbon source. The bacterial consortium LZ-N1 exhibited highly efficient and steady DON-transforming activity. High-throughput sequencing was used to characterize the composition of the involved microflora, and analysis of 16S rRNA sequences indicated that LZ-N1 was composed of at least 11 bacterial genera, with Pseudomonas accounting for nearly half the relative abundance. Coincubation of a mixed culture of two novel strains from the LZ-N1 consortium, namely Pseudomonas sp. Y1 and Lysobacter sp. S1, showed sustained transformation of DON into the metabolite 3-epi-deoxynivalenol, with no degradation products detected after 72 h. The cell-free supernatant, lysate, and cell debris of the mixed culture possessed DON-degrading ability, with the supernatant reaching a DON degradation rate of 100% within 48 h with 50 μg/ml of DON. This is the first report of two-step enzymatic epimerization of DON by a mixed culture, which may provide a new insight into this pathway for future applications in detoxification of DON-contaminated cereals and feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhai
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaomei Bie
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haizhen Zhao
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengxia Lu
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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36
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Lyagin I, Efremenko E. Enzymes for Detoxification of Various Mycotoxins: Origins and Mechanisms of Catalytic Action. Molecules 2019; 24:E2362. [PMID: 31247992 PMCID: PMC6651818 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are highly dangerous natural compounds produced by various fungi. Enzymatic transformation seems to be the most promising method for detoxification of mycotoxins. This review summarizes current information on enzymes of different classes to convert various mycotoxins. An in-depth analysis of 11 key enzyme mechanisms towards dozens of major mycotoxins was realized. Additionally, molecular docking of mycotoxins to enzymes' active centers was carried out to clarify some of these catalytic mechanisms. Analyzing protein homologues from various organisms (plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria), the prevalence and availability of natural sources of active biocatalysts with a high practical potential is discussed. The importance of multifunctional enzyme combinations for detoxification of mycotoxins is posed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Lyagin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, RAS, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Elena Efremenko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, RAS, Moscow 119334, Russia.
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37
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Venkatesh N, Keller NP. Mycotoxins in Conversation With Bacteria and Fungi. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:403. [PMID: 30941105 PMCID: PMC6433837 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An important goal of the mycotoxin research community is to develop comprehensive strategies for mycotoxin control and detoxification. Although significant progress has been made in devising such strategies, yet, there are barriers to overcome and gaps to fill in order to design effective mycotoxin management techniques. This is in part due to a lack of understanding of why fungi produce these toxic metabolites. Here we present cumulative evidence from the literature that indicates an important ecological role for mycotoxins, with particular focus on Fusarium mycotoxins. Further, we suggest that understanding how mycotoxin levels are regulated by microbial encounters can offer novel insights for mycotoxin control in food and feed. Microbial degradation of mycotoxins provides a wealth of chemical information that can be harnessed for large-scale mycotoxin detoxification efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandhitha Venkatesh
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nancy P. Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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38
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Biodegradation of deoxynivalenol and its derivatives by Devosia insulae A16. Food Chem 2019; 276:436-442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Tittlemier S, Cramer B, Dall’Asta C, Iha M, Lattanzio V, Malone R, Maragos C, Solfrizzo M, Stranska-Zachariasova M, Stroka J. Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2017-2018. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2018.2398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This review summarises developments that have been published in the period from mid-2017 to mid-2018 on the analysis of various matrices for mycotoxins. Analytical methods to determine aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxins, patulin, trichothecenes, and zearalenone are covered in individual sections. Advances in sampling strategies are discussed in a dedicated section, as are methods used to analyse botanicals and spices, and newly developed comprehensive liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric based multi-mycotoxin methods. This critical review aims to briefly discuss the most important recent developments and trends in mycotoxin determination as well as to address limitations of the presented methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.A. Tittlemier
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, 1404-303 Main Street, Winnipeg, MB R3C 3G8, Canada
| | - B. Cramer
- University of Münster, Institute of Food Chemistry, Corrensstr. 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - C. Dall’Asta
- Università di Parma, Department of Food and Drug, Viale delle Scienze 23/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - M.H. Iha
- Nucleous of Chemistry and Bromatology Science, Adolfo Lutz Institute of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Minas 866, CEP 14085-410, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - V.M.T. Lattanzio
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - R.J. Malone
- Trilogy Analytical Laboratory, 870 Vossbrink Dr, Washington, MO 63090, USA
| | - C. Maragos
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, USDA, ARS National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - M. Solfrizzo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M. Stranska-Zachariasova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6 – Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - J. Stroka
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium
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Qu R, Jiang C, Wu W, Pang B, Lei S, Lian Z, Shao D, Jin M, Shi J. Conversion of DON to 3-epi-DON in vitro and toxicity reduction of DON in vivo by Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Food Funct 2019; 10:2785-2796. [PMID: 31049545 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00234k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus rhamnosus can convert DON to 3-epi-DON in vitro and reduce DON toxicity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qu
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 Youyi West Road
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Chunmei Jiang
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 Youyi West Road
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Wanqin Wu
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 Youyi West Road
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Bing Pang
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 Youyi West Road
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Shuzhen Lei
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 Youyi West Road
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Ziyang Lian
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 Youyi West Road
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Dongyan Shao
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 Youyi West Road
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 Youyi West Road
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Junling Shi
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 Youyi West Road
- Xi'an
- China
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41
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Carere J, Hassan YI, Lepp D, Zhou T. The enzymatic detoxification of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol: identification of DepA from the DON epimerization pathway. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:1106-1111. [PMID: 29148251 PMCID: PMC6196400 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological detoxification of mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol (DON), represents a very promising approach to address the challenging problem of cereal grain contamination. The recent discovery of Devosia mutans 17-2-E-8 (Devosia spp. 17-2-E-8), a bacterial isolate capable of transforming DON to the non-toxic stereoisomer 3-epi-deoxynivalenol, along with earlier reports of bacterial species capable of oxidizing DON to 3-keto-DON, has generated interest in the possible mechanism and enzyme(s) involved. An understanding of these details could pave the way for novel strategies to manage this widely present toxin. It was previously shown that DON epimerization proceeds through a two-step biocatalysis. Significantly, this report describes the identification of the first enzymatic step in this pathway. The enzyme, a dehydrogenase responsible for the selective oxidation of DON at the C3 position, was shown to readily convert DON to 3-keto-DON, a less toxic intermediate in the DON epimerization pathway. Furthermore, this study provides insights into the PQQ dependence of the enzyme. This enzyme may be part of a feasible strategy for DON mitigation within the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Carere
- Guelph Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri‐Food Canada93 Stone Road WestGuelphONN1G 5C9Canada
| | - Yousef I. Hassan
- Guelph Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri‐Food Canada93 Stone Road WestGuelphONN1G 5C9Canada
| | - Dion Lepp
- Guelph Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri‐Food Canada93 Stone Road WestGuelphONN1G 5C9Canada
| | - Ting Zhou
- Guelph Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri‐Food Canada93 Stone Road WestGuelphONN1G 5C9Canada
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42
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Carere J, Hassan YI, Lepp D, Zhou T. The Identification of DepB: An Enzyme Responsible for the Final Detoxification Step in the Deoxynivalenol Epimerization Pathway in Devosia mutans 17-2-E-8. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1573. [PMID: 30065709 PMCID: PMC6056672 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most common mycotoxins found in cereal grains and grains contaminated with DON can cause health issues for both humans and animals and result in severe economic losses. Currently there is no feasible method to remediate affected grains. The development of a biological method for detoxification is becoming increasingly more plausible with the discovery of microbes which can transform DON to a relatively non-toxic stereoisomer, 3-epi-DON. Although bacteria capable of detoxifying DON have been known for some time, it is only recently an enzyme responsible was identified. In Devosia mutans 17-2-E-8 (Devosia sp. 17-2-E-8) a two-step DON epimerization (Dep) pathway, designated as the Dep system, completes this reaction. DepA was recently identified as the enzyme responsible for the conversion of DON to 3-keto-DON, and in this report, DepB, a NADPH dependent dehydrogenase, is identified as the second and final step in the pathway. DepB readily catalyzes the reduction of 3-keto-DON to 3-epi-DON. DepB is shown to be moderately thermostable as it did not lose significant activity after a heat treatment at 55°C and it is amenable to lyophilization. DepB functions at a range of pH-values (5-9) and functions equally well in multiple common buffers. DepB is clearly a NADPH dependent enzyme as it utilizes it much more efficiently than NADH. The discovery of the final step in the Dep pathway may provide a means to finally mitigate the losses from DON contamination in cereal grains through an enzymatic detoxification system. The further development of this system will need to focus on the activity of the Dep enzymes under conditions mimicking industrially relevant conditions to test their functionality for use in areas such as corn milling, fuel ethanol fermentation or directly in animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ting Zhou
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
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43
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Employing immuno-affinity for the analysis of various microbial metabolites of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1556:81-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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44
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