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Wagner AH, Klersy A, Sultan CS, Hecker M. Potential role of soluble CD40 receptor in chronic inflammatory diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115858. [PMID: 37863325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The CD40 receptor and its ligand CD154 are widely expressed in various immune-competent cells. Interaction of CD154 with CD40 is essential for B-cell growth, differentiation, and immunoglobulin class switching. Many other immune-competent cells involved in innate and adaptive immunity communicate through this co-stimulatory ligand-receptor dyad. CD40-CD154 interaction is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. While CD40 and CD154 are membrane-bound proteins, their soluble counterparts are generated by proteolytic cleavage or alternative splicing. This review summarises current knowledge about the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human CD40 gene and compensatory changes in the plasma level of the soluble CD40 receptor (sCD40) isoform in related pro-inflammatory diseases. It discusses regulation patterns of the disintegrin metalloprotease ADAM17 function leading to ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins, such as pro-inflammatory adhesion molecules or CD40. The role of sCD40 as a potential biomarker for chronic inflammatory diseases will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Wagner
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - A Klersy
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C S Sultan
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Hecker
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Gomchok D, Ge RL, Wuren T. Platelets in Renal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14724. [PMID: 37834171 PMCID: PMC10572297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is a major global health concern, affecting millions of people. Nephrologists have shown interest in platelets because of coagulation disorders caused by renal diseases. With a better understanding of platelets, it has been found that these anucleate and abundant blood cells not only play a role in hemostasis, but also have important functions in inflammation and immunity. Platelets are not only affected by kidney disease, but may also contribute to kidney disease progression by mediating inflammation and immune effects. This review summarizes the current evidence regarding platelet abnormalities in renal disease, and the multiple effects of platelets on kidney disease progression. The relationship between platelets and kidney disease is still being explored, and further research can provide mechanistic insights into the relationship between thrombosis, bleeding, and inflammation related to kidney disease, and elucidate targeted therapies for patients with kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drolma Gomchok
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; (D.G.); (R.-L.G.)
| | - Ri-Li Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; (D.G.); (R.-L.G.)
- Key Laboratory for Application for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
| | - Tana Wuren
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; (D.G.); (R.-L.G.)
- Key Laboratory for Application for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
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3
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Wang Z, Qin Z, Yuan R, Guo J, Xu S, Lv Y, Xu Y, Lu Y, Gao J, Yu F, Tang L, Zhang L, Bai J, Cui X, Zhang J, Tang J. Systemic immune-inflammation index as a prognostic marker for advanced chronic heart failure with renal dysfunction. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 10:478-491. [PMID: 36316302 PMCID: PMC9871671 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We aim to investigate the correlation between high levels of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and long-term mortality and major cardiovascular adverse events in advanced chronic heart failure patients with renal dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS Seven hundred seventeen advanced chronic heart failure patients with renal dysfunction, who visited the First affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University from September 2019 to December 2020, were included. All-cause mortalities (ACM) were selected as primary endpoints and major cardiovascular adverse events (MACEs) as the secondary endpoints. Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the Youden index, the optimal cut-off values of SII for ACM and MACEs were 1228 and 1406. In the group where ACM were the primary endpoint, patients were categorized into the low-SII group (n = 479) and the high-SII group (n = 238). Patients in the group using MACEs as the secondary endpoint were also categorized into the low-SII groups (n = 514) and the high-SII groups (n = 203). Univariate and multivariate COX regression were used to screen the independent predictors for ACM and MACEs, revealing the relationship between SII levels and endpoints. According to the univariate COX analysis, SII was the risk factor (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.144, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.565-2.938, P < 0.001) for the ACM subgroup. It was also the risk factor (HR = 1.625, CI: 1.261-2.905, P < 0.001) for the MACEs subgroup. Multivariate COX regression analysis indicated that the occurrence of ACM and MACEs in high-level SII and low-level SII patients had statistical differences. The incidence of ACM increased by 70.3% (HR = 1.703; 95% CI: 1.200-2.337; P = 0.002) in patients of the high SII level group, the incidence of MACEs increased by 58.3% (HR = 1.583, 95% CI: 1.213-2.065, P = 0.001). Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival analysis further suggested that patients with a high SII level had an increased risk of having ACM (log-rank P < 0.001) and MACEs (log-rank P < 0.001) within 30 months. SII could be considered as a novel predictor of the occurrence of ACM and MACEs for patients with advanced chronic heart failure and renal dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that SII is a novel independent predictor of mortality in advanced chronic heart failure patients with renal dysfunction, and it should be considered in current clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and RepairZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhen Qin
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and RepairZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesZhengzhouChina
| | - Ruixia Yuan
- Clinical Big Data CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jiacheng Guo
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and RepairZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesZhengzhouChina
| | - Shuai Xu
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and RepairZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesZhengzhouChina
| | - Yan Lv
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and RepairZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesZhengzhouChina
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and RepairZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesZhengzhouChina
| | - Yongzheng Lu
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and RepairZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesZhengzhouChina
| | - Jiamin Gao
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and RepairZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesZhengzhouChina
| | - Fengyi Yu
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and RepairZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesZhengzhouChina
| | - Laiyi Tang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and RepairZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesZhengzhouChina
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and RepairZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesZhengzhouChina
| | - Jing Bai
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and RepairZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesZhengzhouChina
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- School of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenChina
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and RepairZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesZhengzhouChina
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and RepairZhengzhouChina,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesZhengzhouChina
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Emergent players in renovascular disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:239-256. [PMID: 35129198 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Renovascular disease (RVD) remains a common etiology of secondary hypertension. Recent clinical trials revealed unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes of renal revascularization, leading to extensive investigation to unravel key pathophysiological mechanisms underlying irreversible functional loss and structural damage in the chronically ischemic kidney. Research studies identified complex interactions among various players, including inflammation, fibrosis, mitochondrial injury, cellular senescence, and microvascular remodeling. This interplay resulted in a shift of our understanding of RVD from a mere hemodynamic disorder to a pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathology strongly influenced by systemic diseases like metabolic syndrome (MetS), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Novel diagnostic approaches have been tested for early detection and follow-up of RVD progression, using new imaging techniques and biochemical markers of renal injury and dysfunction. Therapies targeting some of the pathological pathways governing the development of RVD have shown promising results in animal models, and a few have moved from bench to clinical research. This review summarizes evolving understanding in chronic ischemic kidney injury.
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CD40/CD40L Signaling as a Promising Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Renal Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113653. [PMID: 33202988 PMCID: PMC7697100 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40) is activated by the CD40 ligand (CD40L) in a variety of diverse cells types and regulates important processes associated with kidney disease. The CD40/CD40L signaling cascade has been comprehensively studied for its roles in immune functions, whereas the signaling axis involved in local kidney injury has only drawn attention in recent years. Clinical studies have revealed that circulating levels of soluble CD40L (sCD40L) are associated with renal function in the setting of kidney disease. Levels of the circulating CD40 receptor (sCD40), sCD40L, and local CD40 expression are tightly related to renal injury in different types of kidney disease. Additionally, various kidney cell types have been identified as non-professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that express CD40 on the cell membrane, which contributes to the interactions between immune cells and local kidney cells during the development of kidney injury. Although the potential for adverse CD40 signaling in kidney cells has been reported in several studies, a summary of those studies focusing on the role of CD40 signaling in the development of kidney disease is lacking. In this review, we describe the outcomes of recent studies and summarize the potential therapeutic methods for kidney disease which target CD40.
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Wang D, Xu Y, Wang L, Wang X, Ren C, Zhang B, Li Q, Thomson JA, Turng LS. Expanded Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) Blood Vessel Grafts with Embedded Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Responsive Antithrombogenic Drug for Elimination of Thrombosis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:29844-29853. [PMID: 32496045 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of cardiovascular diseases suffers from the lack of transplantable small-diameter blood vessel (SDBV) grafts that can prohibit/eliminate thrombosis. Although expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (ePTFE) has the potential to be used for SDBV grafts, recurrence of thrombus remains the biggest challenge. In this study, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive antithrombogenic drug synthesis and a bulk coating process were employed to fabricate functional ePTFE grafts capable of prohibiting/eliminating blood clots. The synthesized drug that would release antiplatelet ethyl salicylate (ESA), in responding to ROS, was dissolved in a polycaprolactone (PCL) solution, followed by a bulk coating of the as-fabricated ePTFE grafts with the PCL/drug solution. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed to investigate and confirm the synthesis and presence of the ROS-responsive drug in the ePTFE grafts. The ESA release functions were demonstrated via the drug-release profile and dynamic anticoagulation tests. The biocompatibility of the ROS-responsive ePTFE grafts was demonstrated via lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assays, live and dead cell assays, cell morphology, and cell-graft interactions. The ROS-responsive, antithrombogenic ePTFE grafts provide a feasible way for maintaining long-term patency, potentially solving a critical challenge in SDBV applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Wang
- School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Yiyang Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Lixia Wang
- School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Cuihong Ren
- School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Qian Li
- National Center for International Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - James A Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
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CD40 Receptor Knockout Protects against Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) Prolongation and Exacerbation of Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Colitis. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8060149. [PMID: 32498446 PMCID: PMC7345682 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8060149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal (GI) disorders around the world, and includes diagnoses such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The etiology of IBD is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. One environmental perturbagen that is not well studied within the intestines is microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR), which is a toxin produced by cyanobacteria in freshwater environments around the world. We recently reported that MC-LR has limited effects within the intestines of healthy mice, yet interestingly has significant toxicity within the intestines of mice with pre-existing colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). MC-LR was found to prolong DSS-induced weight loss, prolong DSS-induced bloody stools, exacerbate DSS-induced colonic shortening, exacerbate DSS-induced colonic ulceration, and exacerbate DSS-induced inflammatory cytokine upregulation. In addition, we previously reported a significant increase in expression of the pro-inflammatory receptor CD40 in the colons of these mice, along with downstream products of CD40 activation, including plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). In the current study, we demonstrate that knocking out CD40 attenuates the effects of MC-LR in mice with pre-existing colitis by decreasing the severity of weight loss, allowing a full recovery in bloody stools, preventing the exacerbation of colonic shortening, preventing the exacerbation of colonic ulceration, and preventing the upregulation of the pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines IL-1β, MCP-1, and PAI-1. We also demonstrate the promising efficacy of a CD40 receptor blocking peptide to ameliorate the effects of MC-LR exposure in a proof-of-concept study. Our findings suggest for the first time that MC-LR acts through a CD40-dependent mechanism to exacerbate colitis.
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Involvement of NF-κB1 and the Non-Canonical NF-κB Signaling Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Acute Kidney Injury in Shiga-Toxin-2-Induced Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome in Mice. Shock 2020; 56:573-581. [PMID: 32433206 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a thrombotic microangiopathy which can occur as a severe systemic complication after an infection with Shiga-toxin-(Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines associated with the classical NF-κB signaling pathway were detected in the urine of HUS patients. Thus, we hypothesize that the immune response of the infected organism triggered by Stx can affect the kidneys and contributes to acute kidney injury. Hitherto the role of the classical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathway in HUS has not been evaluated systematically in vivo. We aimed to investigate in a murine model of Shiga toxin-induced HUS-like disease, whether one or both pathways are involved in the renal pathology in HUS. In kidneys of mice subjected to Stx or sham-treated mice, protein or gene expression analyses were performed to assess the 1) expression of receptors activating the classical and non-canonical pathway, such as Fn14 and CD40 2) levels of NF-κB1/RelA and NF-κB2/RelB including its upstream signaling proteins and 3) expression of cytokines as target molecules of both pathways. In line with a higher expression of Fn14 and CD40, we detected an enhanced translocation of NF-κB1 and RelA as well as NF-κB2 and RelB into the nucleus accompanied by an increased gene expression of the NF-κB1-target cytokines Ccl20, Cxcl2, Ccl2, Cxcl1, IL-6, TNF-α, Cxcl10 and Ccl5, indicating an activation of the classical and non-canonical NF-κB pathway. Thereby, we provide, for the first time, in vivo evidence for an involvement of both NF-κB signaling pathways in renal pathophysiology of STEC-HUS.
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Zhang S, Breidenbach JD, Khalaf FK, Dube PR, Mohammed CJ, Lad A, Stepkowski S, Hinds TD, Kumarasamy S, Kleinhenz A, Tian J, Malhotra D, Kennedy DJ, Cooper CJ, Haller ST. Renal Fibrosis Is Significantly Attenuated Following Targeted Disruption of Cd40 in Experimental Renal Ischemia. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014072. [PMID: 32200719 PMCID: PMC7428653 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Renal artery stenosis is a common cause of renal ischemia, contributing to the development of chronic kidney disease. To investigate the role of local CD40 expression in renal artery stenosis, Goldblatt 2‐kidney 1‐clip surgery was performed on hypertensive Dahl salt‐sensitive rats (S rats) and genetically modified S rats in which CD40 function is abolished (Cd40mutant). Methods and Results Four weeks following the 2‐kidney 1‐clip procedure, Cd40mutant rats demonstrated significantly reduced blood pressure and renal fibrosis in the ischemic kidneys compared with S rat controls. Similarly, disruption of Cd40 resulted in reduced 24‐hour urinary protein excretion in Cd40mutant rats versus S rat controls (46.2±1.9 versus 118.4±5.3 mg/24 h; P<0.01), as well as protection from oxidative stress, as indicated by increased paraoxonase activity in Cd40mutant rats versus S rat controls (P<0.01). Ischemic kidneys from Cd40mutant rats demonstrated a significant decrease in gene expression of the profibrotic mediator, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (P<0.05), and the proinflammatory mediators, C‐C motif chemokine ligand 19 (P<0.01), C‐X‐C Motif Chemokine Ligand 9 (P<0.01), and interleukin‐6 receptor (P<0.001), compared with S rat ischemic kidneys, as assessed by quantitative PCR assay. Reciprocal renal transplantation documented that CD40 exclusively expressed in the kidney contributes to ischemia‐induced renal fibrosis. Furthermore, human CD40‐knockout proximal tubule epithelial cells suggested that suppression of CD40 signaling significantly inhibited expression of proinflammatory and ‐fibrotic genes. Conclusions Taken together, our data suggest that activation of CD40 induces a significant proinflammatory and ‐fibrotic response and represents an attractive therapeutic target for treatment of ischemic renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shungang Zhang
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Joshua D. Breidenbach
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Fatimah K. Khalaf
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Prabhatchandra R. Dube
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Chrysan J. Mohammed
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Apurva Lad
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Stanislaw Stepkowski
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Terry D. Hinds
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Sivarajan Kumarasamy
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Andrew Kleinhenz
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - David J. Kennedy
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Christopher J. Cooper
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Steven T. Haller
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
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Tapia-Llanos R, Muñoz-Valle JF, Román-Fernández IV, Marín-Rosales M, Salazar-Camarena DC, Cruz A, Orozco-Barocio G, Guareña-Casillas JA, Oregon-Romero E, Palafox-Sánchez CA. Association of soluble CD40 levels with -1 C > T CD40 polymorphism and chronic kidney disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e1014. [PMID: 31642196 PMCID: PMC6900383 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD40 is a transmembrane protein mainly expressed on the antigen‐presenting cells surface. CD40 plays a crucial role in immunoglobulin class switching and antibodies production. Genetic polymorphisms in the CD40 gene have been associated with increased risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in several populations. This study aimed to evaluate the association of CD40 polymorphisms (−1 C > T, rs1883832 and 6,048 G > T, rs4810485) with SLE susceptibility, as well as with mRNA expression and soluble CD40 (sCD40) levels. Methods The study included 293 patients with SLE and 294 control subjects (CS). Genotyping was performed by PCR‐RFLP method. CD40 mRNA expression was determined by quantitative real‐time PCR, and ELISA quantified sCD40 levels. Results The CD40 polymorphisms −1 C > T and 6,048 G > T were associated with SLE susceptibility. There was no difference between CD40 mRNA expression and CD40 polymorphisms. The sCD40 levels were lower in SLE patients with TT haplotype, whereas higher sCD40 levels were associated with damage and impaired renal function according to SLICC and KDIGO. The sCD40 levels were negatively correlated with eGFR. Conclusion The CD40 gene polymorphisms increase the risk of SLE in the western Mexican population. The sCD40 levels are associated with −1 C > T polymorphism and chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziel Tapia-Llanos
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.,Doctorado en Biología Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - José F Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ilce V Román-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Miguel Marín-Rosales
- Departamento de Reumatología, Hospital General de Occidente, Secretaría de Salud Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Diana C Salazar-Camarena
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Alvaro Cruz
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Orozco-Barocio
- Departamento de Reumatología, Hospital General de Occidente, Secretaría de Salud Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Jorge A Guareña-Casillas
- Especialidad de Hemodinamia y Cardiología Intervencionista, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Edith Oregon-Romero
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Claudia A Palafox-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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11
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Xie JX, Zhang S, Cui X, Zhang J, Yu H, Khalaf FK, Malhotra D, Kennedy DJ, Shapiro JI, Tian J, Haller ST. Na/K-ATPase/src complex mediates regulation of CD40 in renal parenchyma. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:1138-1149. [PMID: 29294050 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have highlighted a critical role for CD40 in the pathogenesis of renal injury and fibrosis. However, little is currently understood about the regulation of CD40 in this setting. Methods We use novel Na/K-ATPase cell lines and inhibitors in order to demonstrate the regulatory function of Na/K-ATPase with regards to CD40 expression and function. We utilize 5/6 partial nephrectomy as well as direct infusion of a Na/K-ATPase ligand to demonstrate this mechanism exists in vivo. Results We demonstrate that knockdown of the α1 isoform of Na/K-ATPase causes a reduction in CD40 while rescue of the α1 but not the α2 isoform restores CD40 expression in renal epithelial cells. Second, because the major functional difference between α1 and α2 is the ability of α1 to form a functional signaling complex with Src, we examined whether the Na/K-ATPase/Src complex is important for CD40 expression. We show that a gain-of-Src binding α2 mutant restores CD40 expression while loss-of-Src binding α1 reduces CD40 expression. Furthermore, loss of a functional Na/K-ATPase/Src complex also disrupts CD40 signaling. Importantly, we show that use of a specific Na/K-ATPase/Src complex antagonist, pNaKtide, can attenuate cardiotonic steroid (CTS)-induced induction of CD40 expression in vitro. Conclusions Because the Na/K-ATPase/Src complex is also a key player in the pathogenesis of renal injury and fibrosis, our new findings suggest that Na/K-ATPase and CD40 may comprise a pro-fibrotic feed-forward loop in the kidney and that pharmacological inhibition of this loop may be useful in the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey X Xie
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Shungang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Cui
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Jue Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fatimah K Khalaf
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - David J Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Steven T Haller
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
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12
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Gergei I, Kälsch T, Scharnagl H, Kleber ME, Zirlik A, März W, Krämer BK, Kälsch AI. Association of soluble CD40L with short-term and long-term cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: The Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study. Atherosclerosis 2019; 291:127-131. [PMID: 31558283 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The CD40-CD40 Ligand (CD40L) system has an important role in vascular inflammation. For this reason, we assessed the association of soluble CD40L with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study. METHODS Plasma levels of sCD40L were determined in 2759 persons using an enzyme immunoassay. Cox proportional hazard regressions were performed to evaluate the association between plasma concentration of sCD40 ligand and short-term (12 months) and long-term (10 years) mortality. Subpopulation analyses were conducted in seven different risk groups. Cox regression models were adjusted for traditional risk factors. RESULTS The present study did not reveal significant association between sCD40L plasma levels and all-cause mortality, as well as cardiovascular mortality at one-year follow-up. In selected subgroups only, significant association between elevated sCD40L plasma levels and short-term all-cause and cardiovascular mortality could be observed. With regard to long-term all-cause and cardiovascular mortality analyses, no significant correlation with increased plasma levels of sCD40L could be detected, neither overall nor in any subgroup. CONCLUSIONS Soluble sCD40L is not associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in this large cohort. Only in selected patient subgroups elevated levels of sCD40L correlate with short-term mortality but this correlation disappears in long-term analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Gergei
- 5th Medical Department, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kälsch
- Medical Practice Brühler Internisten, Brühl, Germany and Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- 5th Medical Department, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Winfried März
- 5th Medical Department, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Austria; SYNLAB Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland, Mannheim and Augsburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard K Krämer
- 5th Medical Department, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna-Isabelle Kälsch
- 5th Medical Department, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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13
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Doublier S, Zennaro C, Musante L, Spatola T, Candiano G, Bruschi M, Besso L, Cedrino M, Carraro M, Ghiggeri GM, Camussi G, Lupia E. Soluble CD40 ligand directly alters glomerular permeability and may act as a circulating permeability factor in FSGS. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188045. [PMID: 29155846 PMCID: PMC5695800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD40/CD40 ligand (CD40L) dyad, a co-stimulatory bi-molecular complex involved in the adaptive immune response, has also potent pro-inflammatory actions in haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells. We describe here a novel role for soluble CD40L (sCD40L) as modifier of glomerular permselectivity directly acting on glomerular epithelial cells (GECs). We found that stimulation of CD40, constitutively expressed on GEC cell membrane, by the sCD40L rapidly induced redistribution and loss of nephrin in GECs, and increased albumin permeability in isolated rat glomeruli. Pre-treatment with inhibitors of CD40-CD40L interaction completely prevented these effects. Furthermore, in vivo injection of sCD40L induced a significant reduction of nephrin and podocin expression in mouse glomeruli, although no significant increase of urine protein/creatinine ratio was observed after in vivo injection. The same effects were induced by plasma factors partially purified from post-transplant plasma exchange eluates of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and were blocked by CD40-CD40L inhibitors. Moreover, 17 and 34 kDa sCD40L isoforms were detected in the same plasmapheresis eluates by Western blotting. Finally, the levels of sCD40Lwere significantly increased in serum of children both with steroid-sensitive and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (NS), and in adult patients with biopsy-proven FSGS, compared to healthy subjects, but neither in children with congenital NS nor in patients with membranous nephropathy. Our results demonstrate that sCD40L directly modifies nephrin and podocin distribution in GECs. Moreover, they suggest that sCD40L contained in plasmapheresis eluates from FSGS patients with post-transplant recurrence may contribute, presumably cooperating with other mediators, to FSGS pathogenesis by modulating glomerular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Doublier
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Zennaro
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Musante
- Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, G. Gaslini Children Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Spatola
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Candiano
- Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, G. Gaslini Children Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruschi
- Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, G. Gaslini Children Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Besso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Cedrino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Michele Carraro
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, G. Gaslini Children Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- * E-mail: (EL); (GC)
| | - Enrico Lupia
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- * E-mail: (EL); (GC)
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