1
|
Fiard M, Militon C, Sylvi L, Migeot J, Michaud E, Jézéquel R, Gilbert F, Bihannic I, Devesa J, Dirberg G, Cuny P. Uncovering potential mangrove microbial bioindicators to assess urban and agricultural pressures on Martinique island in the eastern Caribbean Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172217. [PMID: 38583633 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Martinique's mangroves, which cover 1.85 ha of the island (<0.1 % of the total area), are considerably vulnerable to local urban, agricultural, and industrial pollutants. Unlike for temperate ecosystems, there are limited indicators that can be used to assess the anthropogenic pressures on mangroves. This study investigated four stations on Martinique Island, with each being subject to varying anthropogenic pressures. An analysis of mangrove sediment cores approximately 18 cm in depth revealed two primary types of pressures on Martinique mangroves: (i) an enrichment in organic matter in the two stations within the highly urbanized bay of Fort-de-France and (ii) agricultural pressure observed in the four studied mangrove stations. This pressure was characterized by contamination, exceeding the regulatory thresholds, with dieldrin, total DDT, and metals (As, Cu and Ni) found in phytosanitary products. The mangroves of Martinique are subjected to varying degrees of anthropogenic pressure, but all are subjected to contamination by organochlorine pesticides. Mangroves within the bay of Fort-de-France experience notably higher pressures compared to those in the island's northern and southern regions. In these contexts, the microbial communities exhibited distinct responses. The microbial biomass and the abundance of bacteria and archaea were higher in the two less-impacted stations, while in the mangrove of Fort-de-France, various phyla typically associated with polluted environments were more prevalent. These differences in the microbiota composition led to the identification of 65 taxa, including Acanthopleuribacteraceae, Spirochaetaceae, and Pirellulaceae, that could potentially serve as indicators of an anthropogenic influence on the mangrove sediments of Martinique Island.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maud Fiard
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Cécile Militon
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Léa Sylvi
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Jonathan Migeot
- Impact Mer consulting, expertise, and R&D firm, 20 rue Karukéra, 97200 Fort de France, Martinique/FWI, France.
| | - Emma Michaud
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Ronan Jézéquel
- CEDRE, 715 rue Alain Colas, 29218 Brest CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Franck Gilbert
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | | | - Jeremy Devesa
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Guillaume Dirberg
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (UMR 8067 BOREA) Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, IRD, UCN, UA, Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Philippe Cuny
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, 13288 Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moubareck CA, Alawlaqi B, Alhajeri S. Characterization of physicochemical parameters and bacterial diversity of composted organic food wastes in Dubai. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16426. [PMID: 37274727 PMCID: PMC10238688 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Composting favours recycling organic waste and producing an end product with high bioenergy potential and significant nutritional value for the soil. Analysing composted organic waste prepared in Dubai, a region with a desertic climate and a unique environment is essential since environmental conditions can greatly affect the physicochemical and biological soil properties and no studies in the Gulf region have been published yet on that process. This study analysed twelve different compost samples prepared in well ventilated wooden chambers, using home-generated organic wastes following the hot aerobic composting method for a duration of three months. The physicochemical parameters, measured at the end of the study, revealed that organic matter, electrical conductivity and pH were within the standard ranges while moisture content was low. Concerning macronutrients, most of the samples were within the standard range for carbon, potassium and sodium, while they were poor in phosphorous and nitrogen. Metagenomic analysis with Illumina MiSeq revealed the abundance of Firmicutes (30.35%), followed by Bacteroidota (26.69%), Proteobacteria (21.47%), and Actinobacteriota (11.17%). The phylum Planctomycetota, solely detected in compost and known to have a significant impact on soil ecosystem and decomposition of organic matter, was reported at a relatively significant level (2.35%). The Clostridia class, efficient in degrading cellulose, was described at high levels compared to other studies. The composting project succeeded in generating a healthy soil but lengthening the duration will allow the samples to fully decompose and therefore increase the total available nitrogen and phosphorus to meet the criteria of a typical mature compost. Various microbial consortia helped in the decomposition process. The qualitative information collected in this study will help in improving the composting technology to favour its utilization by a larger public in the Gulf region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Buthaina Alawlaqi
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salama Alhajeri
- Department of Corporate Environmental Health & Safety, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wilhelm RC, Muñoz-Ucros J, Weikl F, Pritsch K, Goebel M, Buckley DH, Bauerle TL. The effects of mixed-species root zones on the resistance of soil bacteria and fungi to long-term experimental and natural reductions in soil moisture. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162266. [PMID: 36822431 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mixed forest stands tend to be more resistant to drought than species-specific stands partially due to complementarity in root ecology and physiology. We asked whether complementary differences in the drought resistance of soil microbiomes might contribute to this phenomenon. We experimented on the effects of reduced soil moisture on bacterial and fungal community composition in species-specific (single species) and mixed-species root zones of Norway spruce and European beech forests in a 5-year-old throughfall-exclusion experiment and across seasonal (spring-summer-fall) and latitudinal moisture gradients. Bacteria were most responsive to changes in soil moisture, especially members of Rhizobiales, while fungi were largely unaffected, including ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). Community resistance was higher in spruce relative to beech root zones, corresponding with the proportions of drought-favored (more in spruce) and drought-sensitive bacterial taxa (more in beech). The spruce soil microbiome also exhibited greater resistance to seasonal changes between spring (wettest) and fall (driest). Mixed-species root zones contained a hybrid of beech- and spruce-associated microbiomes. Several bacterial populations exhibited either enhanced resistance or greater susceptibility to drought in mixed root zones. Overall, patterns in the relative abundances of soil bacteria closely tracked moisture in seasonal and latitudinal precipitation gradients and were more predictive of soil water content than other environmental variables. We conclude that complementary differences in the drought resistance of soil microbiomes can occur and the likeliest form of complementarity in mixed-root zones coincides with the enrichment of drought-tolerant bacteria associated with spruce and the sustenance of EMF by beech.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roland C Wilhelm
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Agronomy Department, Lilly Hall of Life Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47904, USA
| | - Juana Muñoz-Ucros
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Fabian Weikl
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, Professorship of Land Surface Atmosphere Interactions, Freising, Germany
| | - Karin Pritsch
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marc Goebel
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Daniel H Buckley
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Taryn L Bauerle
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Seitz TJ, Schütte UME, Drown DM. Unearthing Shifts in Microbial Communities Across a Soil Disturbance Gradient. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:781051. [PMID: 35685929 PMCID: PMC9171198 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.781051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Permafrost, an important source of soil disturbance, is particularly vulnerable to climate change in Alaska where 85% of the land is underlained with discontinuous permafrost. Boreal forests, home to plants integral to subsistence diets of many Alaska Native communities, are not immune to the effects of climate change. Soil disturbance events, such as permafrost thaw, wildfires, and land use change can influence abiotic conditions, which can then affect active layer soil microbial communities. In a previous study, we found negative effects on boreal plants inoculated with microbes impacted by soil disturbance compared to plants inoculated with microbes from undisturbed soils. Here, we identify key shifts in microbial communities altered by soil disturbance using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and make connections between microbial community changes and previously observed plant growth. Additionally, we identify further community shifts in potential functional mechanisms using long read metagenomics. Across a soil disturbance gradient, microbial communities differ significantly based on the level of soil disturbance. Consistent with the earlier study, the family Acidobacteriaceae, which consists of known plant growth promoters, was abundant in undisturbed soil, but practically absent in most disturbed soil. In contrast, Comamonadaceae, a family with known agricultural pathogens, was overrepresented in most disturbed soil communities compared to undisturbed. Within our metagenomic data, we found that soil disturbance level is associated with differences in microbial community function, including mechanisms potentially involved in plant pathogenicity. These results indicate that a decrease in plant growth can be linked to changes in the microbial community and functional composition driven by soil disturbance and climate change. Together, these results build a genomic understanding of how shifting soil microbiomes may affect plant productivity and ecosystem health as the Arctic warms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J. Seitz
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Ursel M. E. Schütte
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Devin M. Drown
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
- *Correspondence: Devin M. Drown,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kang Z, Li X, Li Y, Ye L, Zhang B, Zhang X, Penttinen P, Gu Y. Black Truffles Affect Quercus aliena Physiology and Root-Associated nirK- and nirS-Type Denitrifying Bacterial Communities in the Initial Stage of Inoculation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:792568. [PMID: 35572648 PMCID: PMC9096950 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.792568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Truffles (Tuber spp.) are edible ectomycorrhizal fungi with high economic value. Bacteria in ectomycorrhizosphere soils are considered to be associated with the nutrient uptake of truffles and hosts. Whether Tuber spp. inoculation can affect the growth of Quercus aliena, the ectomycorrhizosphere soil, and the rhizosphere nirK and nirS-denitrifier communities at the ectomycorrhizae formation stage is still unclear. Therefore, we inoculated Q. aliena with the black truffles Tuber melanosporum and Tuber indicum, determined the physiological activity and morphological indices of Q. aliena seedlings, analyzed the physicochemical properties of ectomycorrhizosphere soils, and applied DNA sequencing to assess the nirK and nirS- denitrifier community structure in ectomycorrhizosphere soils. Peroxidase activity was higher in the seedlings inoculated with T. melanosporum than in the T. indicum inoculation and uninoculated control treatments. The available phosphorus contents were lower and nitrate contents were higher in those with truffle inoculation, and T. melanosporum treatment differed more from the control than the T. indicum treatment. The richness of the nirK-community was highest in the T. indicum treatment and lowest in the uninoculated treatment. The differences in nirK-community composition across treatments were not statistically significant, but the nirS communities were different. The nirS-type bacteria correlated with three environmental factors (pH, available phosphorus, and nitrate contents), whereas the nirK-type bacteria were only associated with the nitrate contents. Generally, this work revealed that inoculation with Tuber spp. would change a few nutrient contents and richness of nirK-type bacteria and had little effects on growth of Q. aliena seedlings in the initial stage of inoculation. The results of this study may provide in-depth insights into the relationships between Tuber spp. and hosts, which should be taken into account when developing truffle production methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongjing Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Petri Penttinen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yunfu Gu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu X, Sun R, Hu S, Zhong Y, Wu Y. Aromatic compounds releases aroused by sediment resuspension alter nitrate transformation rates and pathways during aerobic-anoxic transition. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127365. [PMID: 34879562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic compounds (ACs) releases aroused by sediment resuspension would certainly change the concentrations of suspended sediment (SPS) and organic carbon, which may alter nitrate-N transformation during aerobic-anoxic transition. To prove this, three typical ACs (aniline, nitrobenzene, and methylbenzene) with different octanol-water partition coefficients (Kow) were selected to investigate the effects of ACs releases aroused by sediment resuspension on nitrate-N transformation during aerobic-anoxic transition. ACs releases aroused by sediment resuspension accelerated nitrate-N transformation and enhanced the potential for dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), compared to that without sediment resuspension. With sediment resuspension, methylbenzene releases affected nitrate-N transformation rates and pathways more significantly than aniline and nitrobenzene releases. Microbial analysis indicated that sediment resuspension created complicated microbial co-occurrence networks and changed the associations among bacteria; dominant bacteria abundance varied with different ACs releases. Further analysis revealed that ACs distributed in SPS, which increased with logKow, indirectly affected nitrate-N transformation rates and pathways via altering dominant bacteria abundance and electron transport system activity (ETSA). Especially, ETSA, which was positively associated with ACs distributed in SPS, affected nitrate-N transformation most directly. Overall, ACs release fate played important roles in nitrate-N transformation, causing ammonia-N retention and alterations in nitrogen cycle during aerobic-anoxic transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- School of chemistry and chemical engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Ran Sun
- School of chemistry and chemical engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Sihai Hu
- School of chemistry and chemical engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Yangquanwei Zhong
- School of chemistry and chemical engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Yaoguo Wu
- School of chemistry and chemical engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu X, Hu S, Sun R, Wu Y, Qiao Z, Wang S, Zhang Z, Cui C. Dissolved oxygen disturbs nitrate transformation by modifying microbial community, co-occurrence networks, and functional genes during aerobic-anoxic transition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 790:148245. [PMID: 34380284 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
No consensus has been achieved among researchers on the effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) on nitrate (NO3--N) transformation and the microbial community, especially during aerobic-anoxic transition. To supplement this knowledge, NO3--N transformation, microbial communities, co-occurrence networks, and functional genes were investigated during aerobic-anoxic transition via microcosm simulation. NO3--N transformation rate in the early stage (DO ≥2 mg/L) was always significantly higher than that in the later stage (DO <2 mg/L) during aerobic-anoxic transition, and NO2--N accumulation was more significant during the anoxic stage, consistent with the result obtained under constant DO conditions. These NO3--N transformation characteristics were not affected by other environmental factors, indicating the important role of DO in NO3--N transformation during aerobic-anoxic transition. Changes in DO provoked significant alterations in microbial diversity and abundance of functional bacteria dominated by Massilia, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas, leading to the variation in NO3--N transformation. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that NO3--N transformation was performed by the interactions between functional bacteria including symbiotic and competitive relationship. In the presence of oxygen, these interactions accelerated the NO3--N transformation rate, and bacterial metabolization proceeded via increasingly varied pathways including aerobic and anoxic respiration, which was demonstrated through predicted genes. The higher relative abundance of genes narG, narH, and napA suggested the occurrence of coupled aerobic-anoxic denitrification in the early stage. NO3--N transformation rate decreased accompanied by a significant NO2--N accumulation with the weakening of coupled aerobic-anoxic denitrification during aerobic-anoxic transition. Structural equation modeling further demonstrated the relationship between DO and NO3--N transformation. DO affects NO3--N transformation by modifying microbial community, bacterial co-occurrence, and functional genes during aerobic-anoxic transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Sihai Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Ran Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Yaoguo Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.
| | - Zixia Qiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Sichang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Zehong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Chuwen Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bayranvand M, Akbarinia M, Salehi Jouzani G, Gharechahi J, Kooch Y, Baldrian P. Composition of soil bacterial and fungal communities in relation to vegetation composition and soil characteristics along an altitudinal gradient. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:5918382. [PMID: 33021633 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate how altitudinal gradients shape the composition of soil bacterial and fungal communities, humus forms and soil properties across six altitude levels in Hyrcanian forests. Soil microbiomes were characterized by sequencing amplicons of selected molecular markers. Soil chemistry and plant mycorrhizal type were the two dominant factors explaining variations in bacterial and fungal diversity, respectively. The lowest altitude level had more favorable conditions for the formation of mull humus and exhibited higher N and Ca contents. These conditions were also associated with a higher proportion of Betaproteobacteria, Acidimicrobia, Acidobacteria and Nitrospirae. Low soil and forest floor quality as well as lower bacterial and fungal diversity characterized higher altitude levels, along with a high proportion of shared bacterial (Thermoleophilia, Actinobacteria and Bacilli) and fungal (Eurotiomycetes and Mortierellomycota) taxa. Beech-dominated sites showed moderate soil quality and high bacterial (Alphaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes and Bacteroidetes) and fungal (Basidiomycota) diversity. Particularly, the Basidiomycota were well represented in pure beech forests at an altitude of 1500 m. In fertile and nitrogen rich soils with neutral pH, soil quality decreased along the altitudinal gradient, indicating that microbial diversity and forest floor decomposition were likely constrained by climatic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bayranvand
- Faculty of Natural Resources & Marine Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Imam Reza Blvd., 46614-356, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Moslem Akbarinia
- Faculty of Natural Resources & Marine Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Imam Reza Blvd., 46614-356, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Salehi Jouzani
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Fahmideh Blvd., P.O. Box:31535-1897, Karaj, Iran
| | - Javad Gharechahi
- Human Genetics Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Vanak Square, Shahid Nosrati Alley, P.O. Box: 1435916471, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Kooch
- Faculty of Natural Resources & Marine Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Imam Reza Blvd., 46614-356, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Petr Baldrian
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Praha 4 14220, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vera A, Moreno JL, Siles JA, López-Mondejar R, Zhou Y, Li Y, García C, Nicolás E, Bastida F. Interactive impacts of boron and organic amendments in plant-soil microbial relationships. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124939. [PMID: 33383449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water shortage and low organic carbon content in soil limit soil fertility and crop productivity. The use of desalinated seawater is increasing as an alternative source of irrigation water. However, it has a high boron (B) content that could cause toxicity in the plant-soil microbial system. Here, we evaluated the responses of the soil microbiota and lemon trees to 3 irrigation B doses (0.3, 1, and 15 mg L-1) under two types of soil management (conventional, CS; and organic, OS) in a 180-days pot experiment. High B doses promoted B accumulation in soil, reaching harmful concentrations that affected soil biodiversity. Our results suggest a close interaction between B and organic labile fractions that increased B availability in soil solution. Besides, B addition to soil impacted on microbial biomass. The bacterial community showed sensitivity to the B dose. Organic amendment did not increase B soil adsorption but it favored B plant uptake. The highest B dose had a detrimental impact on plant physiology, finally resulting lethal for the plants. Our study provides a comprehensive assessment of the microbes-plant interactions in soils irrigated with water with high B content. This will be fundamental in the design of future fertirrigation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Vera
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - J L Moreno
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - J A Siles
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - R López-Mondejar
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Vídeňská 1083, Praha 4 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Y Zhou
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Y Li
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - C García
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - E Nicolás
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Irrigation, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - F Bastida
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Choma M, Tahovská K, Kaštovská E, Bárta J, Růžek M, Oulehle F. Bacteria but not fungi respond to soil acidification rapidly and consistently in both a spruce and beech forest. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 96:5894924. [PMID: 32815987 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenically enhanced atmospheric sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) deposition has acidified and eutrophied forest ecosystems worldwide. However, both S and N mechanisms have an impact on microbial communities and the consequences for microbially driven soil functioning differ. We conducted a two-forest stand (Norway spruce and European beech) field experiment involving acidification (sulphuric acid addition) and N (ammonium nitrate) loading and their combination. For 4 years, we monitored separate responses of soil microbial communities to the treatments and investigated the relationship to changes in the activity of extracellular enzymes. We observed that acidification selected for acidotolerant and oligotrophic taxa of Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased bacterial community richness and diversity in both stands in parallel, disregarding their original dissimilarities in soil chemistry and composition of microbial communities. The shifts in bacterial community influenced the stoichiometry and magnitude of enzymatic activity. The bacterial response to experimental N addition was much weaker, likely due to historically enhanced N availability. Fungi were not influenced by any treatment during 4-year manipulation. We suggest that in the onset of acidification when fungi remain irresponsive, bacterial reaction might govern the changes in soil enzymatic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Choma
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Tahovská
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kaštovská
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Bárta
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Růžek
- Czech Geological Survey, Department of Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Geologická 6, Prague 5, 152 00, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Oulehle
- Czech Geological Survey, Department of Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Geologická 6, Prague 5, 152 00, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Relationships between nitrogen cycling microbial community abundance and composition reveal the indirect effect of soil pH on oak decline. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:623-635. [PMID: 33067585 PMCID: PMC8027100 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00801-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Tree decline is a global concern and the primary cause is often unknown. Complex interactions between fluctuations in nitrogen (N) and acidifying compounds have been proposed as factors causing nutrient imbalances and decreasing stress tolerance of oak trees. Microorganisms are crucial in regulating soil N available to plants, yet little is known about the relationships between soil N-cycling and tree health. Here, we combined high-throughput sequencing and qPCR analysis of key nitrification and denitrification genes with soil chemical analyses to characterise ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB), archaea (AOA) and denitrifying communities in soils associated with symptomatic (declining) and asymptomatic (apparently healthy) oak trees (Quercus robur and Q. petraea) in the United Kingdom. Asymptomatic trees were associated with a higher abundance of AOB that is driven positively by soil pH. No relationship was found between AOA abundance and tree health. However, AOA abundance was driven by lower concentrations of NH4+, further supporting the idea of AOA favouring lower soil NH4+ concentrations. Denitrifier abundance was influenced primarily by soil C:N ratio, and correlations with AOB regardless of tree health. These findings indicate that amelioration of soil acidification by balancing C:N may affect AOB abundance driving N transformations, reducing stress on declining oak trees.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kimeklis AK, Gladkov GV, Zverev AO, Kichko AA, Andronov EE, Ergina EI, Kostenko IV, Abakumov EV. Microbiomes of different ages in Rendzic Leptosols in the Crimean Peninsula. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10871. [PMID: 33643711 PMCID: PMC7897411 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rendzic Leptosols are intrazonal soils formed on limestone bedrock. The specialty of these soils is that parent rock material is more influential in shaping soil characteristics than zonal factors such as climate, especially during soil formation. Unlike fast evolving Podzols due to their leaching regime, Leptosols do not undergo rapid development due to the nature of the limestone. Little is known how microbiome reflects this process, so we assessed microbiome composition of Rendzic Leptosols of different ages, arising from disruption and subsequent reclamation. The mountains and foothills that cover much of the Crimean Peninsula are ideal for this type of study, as the soils were formed on limestone and have been subjected to anthropogenic impacts through much of human history. Microbiomes of four soil sites forming a chronosequence, including different soil horizons, were studied using sequencing of 16S rRNA gene libraries and quantitative PCR. Dominant phyla for all soil sites were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Thaumarchaeota, Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia and Firmicutes. Alpha diversity was similar across sites and tended to be higher in topsoil. Beta diversity showed that microbiomes diverged according to the soil site and the soil horizon. The oldest and the youngest soils had the most similar microbiomes, which could have been caused by their geographic proximity. Oligotrophic bacteria from Chitinophagaceae, Blastocatellaceae and Rubrobacteriaceae dominated the microbiome of these soils. The microbiome of 700-year old soil was the most diverse. This soil was from the only study location with topsoil formed by plant litter, which provided additional nutrients and could have been the driving force of this differentiation. Consistent with this assumption, this soil was abundant in copiotrophic bacteria from Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria phyla. The microbiome of 50-year old Leptosol was more similar to the microbiome of benchmark soil than the microbiome of 700-year old soil, especially by weighted metrics. CCA analysis, in combination with PERMANOVA, linked differences in microbiomes to the joint change of all soil chemical parameters between soil horizons. Local factors, such as parent material and plant litter, more strongly influenced the microbiome composition in Rendzic Leptosols than soil age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia K Kimeklis
- Applied Ecology, St. Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,Laboratory of Microbiological Monitoring and Bioremediation of Soils, All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, Russia
| | - Grigory V Gladkov
- Applied Ecology, St. Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,Laboratory of Microbiological Monitoring and Bioremediation of Soils, All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, Russia
| | - Aleksei O Zverev
- Applied Ecology, St. Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,Laboratory of Microbiological Monitoring and Bioremediation of Soils, All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, Russia
| | - Arina A Kichko
- Applied Ecology, St. Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,Laboratory of Microbiological Monitoring and Bioremediation of Soils, All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, Russia
| | - Evgeny E Andronov
- Laboratory of Microbiological Monitoring and Bioremediation of Soils, All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, Russia.,Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena I Ergina
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
| | - Igor V Kostenko
- Nikitsky Botanical Garden -National Scientific Center, Yalta, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Abakumov
- Applied Ecology, St. Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,Laboratory of Microbiological Monitoring and Bioremediation of Soils, All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mulec J, Oarga-Mulec A, Holko L, Pašić L, Kopitar AN, Eleršek T, Mihevc A. Microbiota entrapped in recently-formed ice: Paradana Ice Cave, Slovenia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1993. [PMID: 33479448 PMCID: PMC7820503 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Paradana is one of the biggest ice caves in Slovenia, with an estimated ice volume of 8,000 m3. Reflecting climatological conditions, the cave ice undergoes repeated freeze-thaw cycles and regular yearly deposition of fresh ice. Three distinct ice block samples, collected from the frozen lake in May 2016, were analysed to obtain data on ice physicochemical properties and the composition of associated microbiota. Isotopic composition of the ice samples (18O, 2H) and a local meteoric water line (LMWL) constructed for monthly precipitation at Postojna were used to estimate the isotopic composition of the water that formed the ice, which had high values of deuterium excess and low concentrations of chloride, sulphate and nitrate. The values of total organic carbon (1.93–3.95 mg/l) within the ice blocks fall within the range of those measured in karst streams. Total cell count in the ice was high and the proportion of cell viability increased along the depth gradient and ranged from 4.67 × 104 to 1.52 × 105 cells/ml and from 51.0 to 85.4%, respectively. Proteobacteria represented the core of the cave-ice microbiome (55.9–79.1%), and probably play an essential role in this ecosystem. Actinobacteria was the second most abundant phylum (12.0–31.4%), followed in abundance by Bacteroidetes (2.8–4.3%). Ice phylotypes recorded amounted to 442 genera, but only 43 genera had abundances greater than 0.5%. Most abundant were Pseudomonas, a well-known ice dweller, and Lysobacter, which previously was not reported in this context. Finally, two xanthophytes, Chloridella glacialis and Ellipsoidion perminimum, known from polar environments, were cultured from the ice. This indicates that the abundance and ecological role of phototrophs in such environments might be greater than previously deduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janez Mulec
- Karst Research Institute, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Titov trg 2, 6230, Postojna, Slovenia. .,UNESCO Chair on Karst Education, University of Nova Gorica, Glavni trg 8, 5271, Vipava, Slovenia.
| | - Andreea Oarga-Mulec
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Glavni trg 8, 5271, Vipava, Slovenia
| | - Ladislav Holko
- Institute of Hydrology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84104, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lejla Pašić
- School of Medicine, University Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Hrasnička cesta 3a, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Andreja Nataša Kopitar
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Eleršek
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Mihevc
- Karst Research Institute, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Titov trg 2, 6230, Postojna, Slovenia.,UNESCO Chair on Karst Education, University of Nova Gorica, Glavni trg 8, 5271, Vipava, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Conservation agriculture practices that promote soil health have distinct and lasting effects on microbial populations involved with soil nitrogen (N) cycling. In particular, using a leguminous winter cover crop (hairy vetch) promoted the expression of key functional genes involved in soil N cycling, equaling or exceeding the effects of inorganic N fertilizer. Soil microbial transformations of nitrogen (N) can be affected by soil health management practices. Here, we report in situ seasonal dynamics of the population size (gene copy abundances) and functional activity (transcript copy abundances) of five bacterial genes involved in soil N cycling (ammonia-oxidizing bacteria [AOB] amoA, nifH, nirK, nirS, and nosZ) in a long-term continuous cotton production system under different management practices (cover crops, tillage, and inorganic N fertilization). Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), a leguminous cover crop, most effectively promoted the expression of N cycle genes, which persisted after cover crop termination throughout the growing season. Moreover, we observed similarly high or even higher N cycle gene transcript abundances under vetch with no fertilizer as no cover crop with N fertilization throughout the cover crop peak and cotton growing seasons (April, May, and October). Further, both the gene and transcript abundances of amoA and nosZ were positively correlated to soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. We also found that the abundances of amoA genes and transcripts both positively correlated to field and incubated net nitrification rates. Together, our results revealed relationships between microbial functional capacity and activity and in situ soil N transformations under different agricultural seasons and soil management practices. IMPORTANCE Conservation agriculture practices that promote soil health have distinct and lasting effects on microbial populations involved with soil nitrogen (N) cycling. In particular, using a leguminous winter cover crop (hairy vetch) promoted the expression of key functional genes involved in soil N cycling, equaling or exceeding the effects of inorganic N fertilizer. Hairy vetch also left a legacy on soil nutrient capacity by promoting the continued activity of N cycling microbes after cover crop termination and into the main growing season. By examining both genes and transcripts involved in soil N cycling, we showed different responses of functional capacity (i.e., gene abundances) and functional activity (i.e., transcript abundances) to agricultural seasons and management practices, adding to our understanding of the effects of soil health management practices on microbial ecology.
Collapse
|
15
|
Colored Microbial Coatings in Show Caves from the Galapagos Islands (Ecuador): First Microbiological Approach. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10111134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Galapagos Islands (Ecuador) have a unique ecosystem on Earth due to their outstanding biodiversity and geological features. This also extends to their subterranean heritage, such as volcanic caves, with plenty of secondary mineral deposits, including coralloid-type speleothems and moonmilk deposits. In this study, the bacterial communities associated with speleothems from two lava tubes of Santa Cruz Island were investigated. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was carried out for the morphological characterization and detection of microbial features associated with moonmilk and coralloid speleothems from Bellavista and Royal Palm Caves. Microbial cells, especially filamentous bacteria in close association with extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), were abundant in both types of speleothems. Furthermore, reticulated filaments and Actinobacteria-like cells were observed by FESEM. The analysis of 16S rDNA revealed the presence of different bacterial phylotypes, many of them associated with the carbon, nitrogen, iron and sulfur cycles, and some others with pollutants. This study gives insights into subsurface microbial diversity of the Galapagos Islands and further shows the interest of the conservation of these subterranean geoheritage sites used as show caves.
Collapse
|
16
|
Pandey CB, Kumar U, Kaviraj M, Minick KJ, Mishra AK, Singh JS. DNRA: A short-circuit in biological N-cycling to conserve nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:139710. [PMID: 32544704 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) in soils - a newly appreciated pathway of nitrogen (N) cycling in the terrestrial ecosystems. The reduction of NO3- occurs in two steps; in the first step, NO3- is reduced to NO2-; and in the second, unlike denitrification, NO2- is reduced to NH4+ without intermediates. There are two sets of NO3-/NO2- reductase enzymes, i.e., Nap/Nrf and Nar/Nir; the former occurs on the periplasmic-membrane and energy conservation is respiratory via electron-transport-chain, whereas the latter is cytoplasmic and energy conservation is both respiratory and fermentative (Nir, substrate-phosphorylation). Since, Nir catalyzes both assimilatory- and dissimilatory-nitrate reduction, the nrfA gene, which transcribes the NrfA protein, is treated as a molecular-marker of DNRA; and a high nrfA/nosZ (N2O-reductase) ratio favours DNRA. Recently, several crystal structures of NrfA have been presumed to producee N2O as a byproduct of DNRA via the NO (nitric-oxide) pathway. Meta-analyses of about 200 publications have revealed that DNRA is regulated by oxidation state of soils and sediments, carbon (C)/N and NO2-/NO3- ratio, and concentrations of ferrous iron (Fe2+) and sulfide (S2-). Under low-redox conditions, a high C/NO3- ratio selects for DNRA while a low ratio selects for denitrification. When the proportion of both C and NO3- are equal, the NO2-/NO3- ratio modulates partitioning of NO3-, and a high NO2-/NO3- ratio favours DNRA. A high S2-/NO3- ratio also promotes DNRA in coastal-ecosystems and saline sediments. Soil pH, temperature, and fine soil particles are other factors known to influence DNRA. Since, DNRA reduces NO3- to NH4+, it is essential for protecting NO3- from leaching and gaseous (N2O) losses and enriches soils with readily available NH4+-N to primary producers and heterotrophic microorganisms. Therefore, DNRA may be treated as a tool to reduce ground-water NO3- pollution, enhance soil health and improve environmental quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C B Pandey
- ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 342003, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Upendra Kumar
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India.
| | - Megha Kaviraj
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - K J Minick
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - A K Mishra
- International Rice Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - J S Singh
- Ecosystem Analysis Lab, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Verma P, Sagar R. Effect of nitrogen (N) deposition on soil-N processes: a holistic approach. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10470. [PMID: 32591625 PMCID: PMC7320165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67368-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition is a serious environmental issue for soil fertility and human wellbeing. Studies on various terrestrial ecosystems yielded fragmented information on soil-N status (microbial biomass- and mineral-N) and dynamics (N-mineralization and -leaching) whereas the holistic view on this issue is relatively unknown. A complete understanding of soil-N status and dynamics in response to N deposition is essential for sustainable management of ecosystem structure and function as needed for human wellbeing. Therefore, we conducted an experiment in the N-limited tropical grassland to explore the question whether N-deposition weakens the soil-N status and dynamics; if yes, then what could be the optimum amount of deposited N and the related controlling mechanism? We undertook a 3-year (2013–2016) experimental N fertilization (control, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 kg N ha−1 year−1) study (using urea as a source of N deposition). The data from a total of 72, 1 × 1 m plots (six treatments with 12 replicates) were collected and properly analysed with statistical software. N deposition caused significant differences in the parameters of soil-N status and dynamics. The responses of microbial biomass-N, N-mineralization, and mineral-N to the N deposition were quadratic (maximum values were in N90) whereas N-leaching showed a linear response. Compared to control, N deposition (30–150 kg N) consistently enhanced (29–96%) leaching of N. As a mechanism, acidification induced aluminium toxicity, carbon to nitrogen ratio and litter decomposition governed the soil-N status and dynamics. N deposition over and above 90 kg ha−1 year−1 resulted in a negative feedback to soil N transformation and availability. Hence, N deposition below 90 kg ha−1 year−1 could be a limit for the sustainable functioning of the tropical or similar grasslands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Verma
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - R Sagar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Grunert O, Robles-Aguilar AA, Hernandez-Sanabria E, Schrey SD, Reheul D, Van Labeke MC, Vlaeminck SE, Vandekerckhove TGL, Mysara M, Monsieurs P, Temperton VM, Boon N, Jablonowski ND. Tomato plants rather than fertilizers drive microbial community structure in horticultural growing media. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9561. [PMID: 31266970 PMCID: PMC6606572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic fertilizer production is associated with a high environmental footprint, as compounds typically dissolve rapidly leaching emissions to the atmosphere or surface waters. We tested two recovered nutrients with slower release patterns, as promising alternatives for synthetic fertilizers: struvite and a commercially available organic fertilizer. Using these fertilizers as nitrogen source, we conducted a rhizotron experiment to test their effect on plant performance and nutrient recovery in juvenile tomato plants. Plant performance was significantly improved when organic fertilizer was provided, promoting higher shoot biomass. Since the microbial community influences plant nitrogen availability, we characterized the root-associated microbial community structure and functionality. Analyses revealed distinct root microbial community structure when different fertilizers were supplied. However, plant presence significantly increased the similarity of the microbial community over time, regardless of fertilization. Additionally, the presence of the plant significantly reduced the potential ammonia oxidation rates, implying a possible role of the rhizosheath microbiome or nitrification inhibition by the plant. Our results indicate that nitrifying community members are impacted by the type of fertilizer used, while tomato plants influenced the potential ammonia-oxidizing activity of nitrogen-related rhizospheric microbial communities. These novel insights on interactions between recovered fertilizers, plant and associated microbes can contribute to develop sustainable crop production systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Grunert
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,Greenyard, Skaldenstraat 7a, 9042, Desteldonk, Belgium
| | - Ana A Robles-Aguilar
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emma Hernandez-Sanabria
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Silvia D Schrey
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dirk Reheul
- Department of Plant and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Siegfried E Vlaeminck
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Tom G L Vandekerckhove
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Mysara
- Unit of Microbiology, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium.,Department of Bioscience Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieter Monsieurs
- Unit of Microbiology, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium.,Unit Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Vicky M Temperton
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, D-21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Nicolai D Jablonowski
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Oulehle F, Tahovská K, Chuman T, Evans CD, Hruška J, Růžek M, Bárta J. Comparison of the impacts of acid and nitrogen additions on carbon fluxes in European conifer and broadleaf forests. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:884-893. [PMID: 29631233 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increased reactive nitrogen (N) loadings to terrestrial ecosystems are believed to have positive effects on ecosystem carbon (C) sequestration. Global "hot spots" of N deposition are often associated with currently or formerly high deposition of sulphur (S); C fluxes in these regions might therefore not be responding solely to N loading, and could be undergoing transient change as S inputs change. In a four-year, two-forest stand (mature Norway spruce and European beech) replicated field experiment involving acidity manipulation (sulphuric acid addition), N addition (NH4NO3) and combined treatments, we tested the extent to which altered soil solution acidity or/and soil N availability affected the concentration of soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), soil respiration (Rs), microbial community characteristics (respiration, biomass, fungi and bacteria abundances) and enzyme activity. We demonstrated a large and consistent suppression of soil water DOC concentration driven by chemical changes associated with increased hydrogen ion concentrations under acid treatments, independent of forest type. Soil respiration was suppressed by sulphuric acid addition in the spruce forest, accompanied by reduced microbial biomass, increased fungal:bacterial ratios and increased C to N enzyme ratios. We did not observe equivalent effects of sulphuric acid treatments on Rs in the beech forest, where microbial activity appeared to be more tightly linked to N acquisition. The only changes in C cycling following N addition were increased C to N enzyme ratios, with no impact on C fluxes (either Rs or DOC). We conclude that C accumulation previously attributed solely to N deposition could be partly attributable to their simultaneous acidification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Oulehle
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute, AS CR, Bělidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Karolina Tahovská
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Chuman
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Chris D Evans
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environmental Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Jakub Hruška
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute, AS CR, Bělidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Růžek
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Bárta
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|