1
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Taper M, Carrington G, Peckham M, Lal S, Hume RD. A comparison of fixation and immunofluorescence protocols for successful reproducibility and improved signal in human left ventricle cardiac tissue. J Microsc 2024. [PMID: 38856969 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) are crucial techniques for studying cardiac physiology and disease. The accuracy of these techniques is dependent on various aspects of sample preparation and processing. However, standardised protocols for sample preparation of tissues, particularly for fresh-frozen human left ventricle (LV) tissue, have yet to be established and could potentially lead to differences in staining and interpretation. Thus, this study aimed to optimise the reproducibility and quality of IF staining in fresh-frozen human LV tissue by systematically investigating crucial aspects of the sample preparation process. To achieve this, we subjected fresh-frozen human LV tissue to different fixation protocols, primary antibody incubation temperatures, antibody penetration reagents, and fluorescent probes. We found that neutral buffered formalin fixation reduced image artefacts and improved antibody specificity compared to both methanol and acetone fixation. Additionally, incubating primary antibodies at 37°C for 3 h improved fluorescence intensity compared to the commonly practised 4°C overnight incubation. Furthermore, we found that DeepLabel, an antibody penetration reagent, and smaller probes, such as fragmented antibodies and Affimers, improved the visualisation depth of cardiac structures. DeepLabel also improved antibody penetration in CUBIC cleared thick LV tissue fragments. Thus, our data underscores the importance of standardised protocols in IF staining and provides various means of improving staining quality. In addition to contributing to cardiac research by providing methodologies for IF, the findings and processes presented herein also establish a framework by which staining of other tissues may be optimised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Taper
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Heart Failure and Diseases of the Aorta, The Baird Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Glenn Carrington
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Astbury Centre for Structural Biology and the School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Michelle Peckham
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Astbury Centre for Structural Biology and the School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sean Lal
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Heart Failure and Diseases of the Aorta, The Baird Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert D Hume
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Heart Failure and Diseases of the Aorta, The Baird Institute, Sydney, Australia
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2
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Lin YH, Wang LW, Chen YH, Chan YC, Hu SH, Wu SY, Chiang CS, Huang GJ, Yang SD, Chu SW, Wang KC, Lin CH, Huang PH, Cheng HJ, Chen BC, Chu LA. Revealing intact neuronal circuitry in centimeter-sized formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded brain. eLife 2024; 13:RP93212. [PMID: 38775133 PMCID: PMC11111220 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue-clearing and labeling techniques have revolutionized brain-wide imaging and analysis, yet their application to clinical formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks remains challenging. We introduce HIF-Clear, a novel method for efficiently clearing and labeling centimeter-thick FFPE specimens using elevated temperature and concentrated detergents. HIF-Clear with multi-round immunolabeling reveals neuron circuitry regulating multiple neurotransmitter systems in a whole FFPE mouse brain and is able to be used as the evaluation of disease treatment efficiency. HIF-Clear also supports expansion microscopy and can be performed on a non-sectioned 15-year-old FFPE specimen, as well as a 3-month formalin-fixed mouse brain. Thus, HIF-Clear represents a feasible approach for researching archived FFPE specimens for future neuroscientific and 3D neuropathological analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Li-Wen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Yen-Hui Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Shang-Hsiu Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Sheng-Yan Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Chi-Shiun Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Guan-Jie Huang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Shang-Da Yang
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Shi-Wei Chu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Kuo-Chuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Pei-Hsin Huang
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | - Bi-Chang Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Li-An Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
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3
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Takahashi-Yamashiro K, Miyazono K. Tissue clearing method in visualization of cancer progression and metastasis. Ups J Med Sci 2024; 129:10634. [PMID: 38716075 PMCID: PMC11075440 DOI: 10.48101/ujms.v129.10634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Since various imaging modalities have been developed, cancer metastasis can be detected from an early stage. However, limitations still exist, especially in terms of spatial resolution. Tissue-clearing technology has emerged as a new imaging modality in cancer research, which has been developed and utilized for a long time mainly in neuroscience field. This method enables us to detect cancer metastatic foci with single-cell resolution at whole mouse body/organ level. On top of that, 3D images of cancer metastasis of whole mouse organs make it easy to understand their characteristics. Recently, further applications of tissue clearing methods were reported in combination with reporter systems, labeling, and machine learning. In this review, we would like to provide an overview of this technique and current applications in cancer research and discuss their potentials and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Takahashi-Yamashiro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Applied Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Institute for Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
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4
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Yoshikawa AL, Omura T, Takahashi-Kanemitsu A, Susaki EA. Blueprints from plane to space: outlook of next-generation three-dimensional histopathology. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1029-1038. [PMID: 38316137 PMCID: PMC11006986 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we summarize the literature relevant to recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) histopathology in relation to clinical oncology, highlighting serial sectioning, tissue clearing, light-sheet microscopy, and digital image analysis with artificial intelligence. We look forward to a future where 3D histopathology expands our understanding of human pathophysiology and improves patient care through cross-disciplinary collaboration and innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Leon Yoshikawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biomedicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology Informatics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Kameda Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takaki Omura
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biomedicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi-Kanemitsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biomedicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuo A Susaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biomedicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Soumier A, Lio G, Demily C. Current and future applications of light-sheet imaging for identifying molecular and developmental processes in autism spectrum disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02487-8. [PMID: 38443634 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is identified by a set of neurodevelopmental divergences that typically affect the social communication domain. ASD is also characterized by heterogeneous cognitive impairments and is associated with cooccurring physical and medical conditions. As behaviors emerge as the brain matures, it is particularly essential to identify any gaps in neurodevelopmental trajectories during early perinatal life. Here, we introduce the potential of light-sheet imaging for studying developmental biology and cross-scale interactions among genetic, cellular, molecular and macroscale levels of circuitry and connectivity. We first report the core principles of light-sheet imaging and the recent progress in studying brain development in preclinical animal models and human organoids. We also present studies using light-sheet imaging to understand the development and function of other organs, such as the skin and gastrointestinal tract. We also provide information on the potential of light-sheet imaging in preclinical drug development. Finally, we speculate on the translational benefits of light-sheet imaging for studying individual brain-body interactions in advancing ASD research and creating personalized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Soumier
- Le Vinatier Hospital Center, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69675, Bron cedex, France.
- iMIND, Center of Excellence for Autism, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69675, Bron cedex, France.
- Institute of Cognitive Science Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, UMR 5229, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675, Bron cedex, France.
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France.
| | - Guillaume Lio
- Le Vinatier Hospital Center, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69675, Bron cedex, France
- iMIND, Center of Excellence for Autism, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69675, Bron cedex, France
- Institute of Cognitive Science Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, UMR 5229, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675, Bron cedex, France
| | - Caroline Demily
- Le Vinatier Hospital Center, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69675, Bron cedex, France
- iMIND, Center of Excellence for Autism, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69675, Bron cedex, France
- Institute of Cognitive Science Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, UMR 5229, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675, Bron cedex, France
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France
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6
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Yamada H, Makino SI, Okunaga I, Miyake T, Yamamoto-Nonaka K, Oliva Trejo JA, Tominaga T, Empitu MA, Kadariswantiningsih IN, Kerever A, Komiya A, Ichikawa T, Arikawa-Hirasawa E, Yanagita M, Asanuma K. Beyond 2D: A scalable and highly sensitive method for a comprehensive 3D analysis of kidney biopsy tissue. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgad433. [PMID: 38193136 PMCID: PMC10772983 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The spatial organization of various cell populations is critical for the major physiological and pathological processes in the kidneys. Most evaluation of these processes typically comes from a conventional 2D tissue cross-section, visualizing a limited amount of cell organization. Therefore, the 2D analysis of kidney biopsy introduces selection bias. The 2D analysis potentially omits key pathological findings outside a 1- to 10-μm thin-sectioned area and lacks information on tissue organization, especially in a particular irregular structure such as crescentic glomeruli. In this study, we introduce an easy-to-use and scalable method for obtaining high-quality images of molecules of interest in a large tissue volume, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of the 3D organization and cellular composition of kidney tissue, especially the glomerular structure. We show that CUBIC and ScaleS clearing protocols could allow a 3D analysis of the kidney tissues in human and animal models of kidney disease. We also demonstrate that the paraffin-embedded human biopsy specimens previously examined via 2D evaluation could be applicable to 3D analysis, showing a potential utilization of this method in kidney biopsy tissue collected in the past. In summary, the 3D analysis of kidney biopsy provides a more comprehensive analysis and a minimized selection bias than 2D tissue analysis. Additionally, this method enables a quantitative evaluation of particular kidney structures and their surrounding tissues, with the potential utilization from basic science investigation to applied diagnostics in nephrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamada
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK Project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Primary Care and Emergency, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Makino
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK Project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Issei Okunaga
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Takafumi Miyake
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK Project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kanae Yamamoto-Nonaka
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK Project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Juan Alejandro Oliva Trejo
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK Project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tominaga
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Maulana A Empitu
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | | | - Aurelien Kerever
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Akira Komiya
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Eri Arikawa-Hirasawa
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK Project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8303, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Asanuma
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
- The Laboratory for Kidney Research (TMK Project), Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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7
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Cho CH, Deyneko IV, Cordova-Martinez D, Vazquez J, Maguire AS, Diaz JR, Carbonell AU, Tindi JO, Cui MH, Fleysher R, Molholm S, Lipton ML, Branch CA, Hodgson L, Jordan BA. ANKS1B encoded AIDA-1 regulates social behaviors by controlling oligodendrocyte function. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8499. [PMID: 38129387 PMCID: PMC10739966 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous deletions in the ANKS1B gene cause ANKS1B neurodevelopmental syndrome (ANDS), a rare genetic disease characterized by autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and speech and motor deficits. The ANKS1B gene encodes for AIDA-1, a protein that is enriched at neuronal synapses and regulates synaptic plasticity. Here we report an unexpected role for oligodendroglial deficits in ANDS pathophysiology. We show that Anks1b-deficient mouse models display deficits in oligodendrocyte maturation, myelination, and Rac1 function, and recapitulate white matter abnormalities observed in ANDS patients. Selective loss of Anks1b from the oligodendrocyte lineage, but not from neuronal populations, leads to deficits in social preference and sensory reactivity previously observed in a brain-wide Anks1b haploinsufficiency model. Furthermore, we find that clemastine, an antihistamine shown to increase oligodendrocyte precursor cell maturation and central nervous system myelination, rescues deficits in social preference in 7-month-old Anks1b-deficient mice. Our work shows that deficits in social behaviors present in ANDS may originate from abnormal Rac1 activity within oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hoon Cho
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Human Pathobiology and OMNI Reverse Translation, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ilana Vasilisa Deyneko
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dylann Cordova-Martinez
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Juan Vazquez
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anne S Maguire
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jenny R Diaz
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Abigail U Carbonell
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jaafar O Tindi
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Min-Hui Cui
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Roman Fleysher
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sophie Molholm
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Michael L Lipton
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Craig A Branch
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Louis Hodgson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bryen A Jordan
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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8
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Machado CML, Skubal M, Haedicke K, Silva FP, Stater EP, Silva TLADO, Costa ET, Masotti C, Otake AH, Andrade LNS, Junqueira MDS, Hsu HT, Das S, Larney BM, Pratt EC, Romin Y, Fan N, Manova-Todorova K, Pomper M, Grimm J. Membrane-derived particles shed by PSMA-positive cells function as pro-angiogenic stimuli in tumors. J Control Release 2023; 364:312-325. [PMID: 37884210 PMCID: PMC10842212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell membrane-derived particles (Mp) are rounded membrane-enclosed particles that are shed from tumor cells. Mp are formed from tumor membranes and are capable of tumor targeting and immunotherapeutic agents because they share membrane homology with parental cells; thus, they are under consideration as a drug delivery vehicle. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a transmembrane glycoprotein with enzymatic functionality, is highly expressed in Mp and extracellular vesicles (EV) from prostate cancer (PCa) with poor clinical prognosis. Although PSMA expression was previously shown in EV and Mp isolated from cell lines and from the blood of patients with high-grade PCa, no pathophysiological effects have been linked to PCa-derived Mp. Here, we compared Mp from PSMA-expressing (PSMA-Mp) and PSMA-non-expressing (WT-Mp) cells side by side in vitro and in vivo. PSMA-Mp can transfer PSMA and new phenotypic characteristics to the tumor microenvironment. The consequence of PSMA transfer to cells and increased secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), pro-angiogenic and pro-lymphangiogenic mediators, with increased 4E binding protein 1 (4EBP-1) phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila M L Machado
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica de Medicina Nuclear-LIM-43, Departamento de Radiologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403911, Brazil; Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Magdalena Skubal
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Katja Haedicke
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Fabio P Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of Cancer, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910900, Brazil; Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Evan P Stater
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thais L A de O Silva
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Breast Cancer Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Erico T Costa
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP 01308050, Brazil
| | - Cibele Masotti
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP 01308050, Brazil
| | - Andreia H Otake
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia - Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, São Paulo, SP 01246000, Brazil
| | - Luciana N S Andrade
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia - Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, São Paulo, SP 01246000, Brazil
| | - Mara de S Junqueira
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia - Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, São Paulo, SP 01246000, Brazil
| | - Hsiao-Ting Hsu
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sudeep Das
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Benedict Mc Larney
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Edwin C Pratt
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yevgeniy Romin
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ning Fan
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Katia Manova-Todorova
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Martin Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jan Grimm
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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9
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Jeong J, Tanaka M, Yang Y, Arefyev N, DiRito J, Tietjen G, Zhang X, McConnell MJ, Utsumi T, Iwakiri Y. An optimized visualization and quantitative protocol for in-depth evaluation of lymphatic vessel architecture in the liver. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G379-G390. [PMID: 37605828 PMCID: PMC10887843 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00139.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The liver lymphatic system is essential for maintaining tissue fluid balance and immune function. The detailed structure of lymphatic vessels (LVs) in the liver remains to be fully demonstrated. The aim of this study is to reveal LV structures in normal and diseased livers by developing a tissue-clearing and coimmunolabeling protocol optimized for the tissue size and the processing time for three-dimensional (3-D) visualization and quantification of LVs in the liver. We showed that our optimized protocol enables in-depth exploration of lymphatic networks in the liver, consisting of LVs along the portal tract (deep lymphatic system) and within the collagenous Glisson's capsule (superficial lymphatic system) in different species. With this protocol, we have shown 3-D LVs configurations in relation to blood vessels and bile ducts in cholestatic mouse livers, in which LVs were highly dilated and predominantly found around highly proliferating bile ducts and peribiliary vascular plexuses in the portal tract. We also established a quantification method using a 3-D volume-rendering approach. We observed a 1.6-fold (P < 0.05) increase in the average diameter of LVs and a 2.4-fold increase (P < 0.05) in the average branch number of LVs in cholestatic/fibrotic livers compared with control livers. Furthermore, cholestatic/fibrotic livers showed a 4.3-fold increase (P < 0.05) in total volume of LVs compared with control livers. Our optimized protocol and quantification method demonstrate an efficient and simple liver tissue-clearing procedure that allows the comprehensive analysis of liver lymphatic system.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article showed a comprehensive 3-D-structural analysis of liver lymphatic vessel (LV) in normal and diseased livers in relation to blood vessels and bile ducts. In addition to the LVs highly localized at the portal tract, we revealed capsular LVs in mouse, rat, and human livers. In cholestatic livers, LVs are significantly increased and dilated compared with normal livers. Our optimized protocol provides detailed spatial information for LVs remodeling in normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jain Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Masatake Tanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Division of Pathophysiology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation and Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yilin Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Nikolai Arefyev
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Jenna DiRito
- Department of Surgery, Section of Organ Transplantation and Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Gregory Tietjen
- Department of Surgery, Section of Organ Transplantation and Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Xuchen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Matthew J McConnell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Teruo Utsumi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Yasuko Iwakiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
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10
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Vigneshwaran V, Sy CL, Smaill BH, Sands GB, Smith NP. Extended-volume image-derived models of coronary microcirculation. Microcirculation 2023; 30:e12820. [PMID: 37392132 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent advances in tissue clearing and high-throughput imaging have enabled the acquisition of extended-volume microvasculature images at a submicron resolution. The objective of this study was to extract information from this type of images by integrating a sequence of 3D image processing steps on Terabyte scale datasets. METHODS We acquired coronary microvasculature images throughout an entire short-axis slice of a 3-month-old Wistar-Kyoto rat heart. This dataset covered 13 × 10 × 0.6 mm at a resolution of 0.933 × 0.933 × 1.866 μm and occupied 700 Gigabytes of disk space. We used chunk-based image segmentation, combined with an efficient graph generation technique, to quantify the microvasculature in the large-scale images. Specifically, we focused on the microvasculature with a vessel diameter up to 15 μm. RESULTS Morphological data for the complete short-axis ring were extracted within 16 h using this pipeline. From the analyses, we identified that microvessel lengths in the rat coronary microvasculature varied from 6 to 300 μm. However, their distribution was heavily skewed toward shorter lengths, with a mode of 16.5 μm. In contrast, vessel diameters ranged from 3 to 15 μm and had an approximately normal distribution of 6.5 ± 2 μm. CONCLUSION The tools and techniques from this study will serve other investigations into the microcirculation, and the wealth of data from this study will enable the analysis of biophysical mechanisms using computer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibujithan Vigneshwaran
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Bruce H Smaill
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Nicolas P Smith
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, Auckland, New Zealand
- Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
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11
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Bhargava R. Digital Histopathology by Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:205-230. [PMID: 37068745 PMCID: PMC10408309 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-101422-090956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectroscopic imaging records spatially resolved molecular vibrational spectra, enabling a comprehensive measurement of the chemical makeup and heterogeneity of biological tissues. Combining this novel contrast mechanism in microscopy with the use of artificial intelligence can transform the practice of histopathology, which currently relies largely on human examination of morphologic patterns within stained tissue. First, this review summarizes IR imaging instrumentation especially suited to histopathology, analyses of its performance, and major trends. Second, an overview of data processing methods and application of machine learning is given, with an emphasis on the emerging use of deep learning. Third, a discussion on workflows in pathology is provided, with four categories proposed based on the complexity of methods and the analytical performance needed. Last, a set of guidelines, termed experimental and analytical specifications for spectroscopic imaging in histopathology, are proposed to help standardize the diversity of approaches in this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Bhargava
- Department of Bioengineering; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Department of Chemistry; Cancer Center at Illinois; and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
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12
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Liu JTC, Glaser AK, Poudel C, Vaughan JC. Nondestructive 3D Pathology with Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy for Translational Research and Clinical Assays. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:231-252. [PMID: 36854208 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091222-092734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a revived appreciation for the importance of spatial context and morphological phenotypes for both understanding disease progression and guiding treatment decisions. Compared with conventional 2D histopathology, which is the current gold standard of medical diagnostics, nondestructive 3D pathology offers researchers and clinicians the ability to visualize orders of magnitude more tissue within their natural volumetric context. This has been enabled by rapid advances in tissue-preparation methods, high-throughput 3D microscopy instrumentation, and computational tools for processing these massive feature-rich data sets. Here, we provide a brief overview of many of these technical advances along with remaining challenges to be overcome. We also speculate on the future of 3D pathology as applied in translational investigations, preclinical drug development, and clinical decision-support assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T C Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Adam K Glaser
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
- Allen Institute for Neural Dynamics, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chetan Poudel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joshua C Vaughan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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13
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Umemura K, Shimoda H, Ishido K, Kimura N, Wakiya T, Kagiya T, Sato K, Mitsuhashi Y, Watanabe S, Narita H, Chiba T, Hakamada K. Microanatomical organization of hepatic venous lymphatic system in humans. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286316. [PMID: 37228087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic fluid drains from the liver via the periportal lymphatic, hepatic venous lymphatic, and superficial lymphatic systems. We performed a postmortem study to clarify the three-dimensional structure and flow dynamics of the human hepatic venous lymphatic system, as it still remains unclear. Livers were excised whole from three human cadavers, injected with India ink, and sliced into 1-cm sections from which veins were harvested. The distribution of lymphatic vessels was observed in 5 μm sections immunostained for lymphatic and vascular markers (podoplanin and CD31, respectively) using light microscopy. Continuity and density of lymphatic vessel distribution were assessed in en-face whole-mount preparations of veins using stereomicroscopy. The structure of the external hepatic vein wall was assessed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The lymphatic dynamics study suggested that lymphatic fluid flows through an extravascular pathway around the central and sublobular veins. A lymphatic vessel network originates in the wall of sublobular veins, with a diameter greater than 110 μm, and the peripheral portions of hepatic veins and continues to the inferior vena cava. The density distribution of lymphatic vessels is smallest in the peripheral portion of the hepatic vein (0.03%) and increases to the proximal portion (0.22%, p = 0.012) and the main trunk (1.01%, p < 0.001), correlating positively with increasing hepatic vein diameter (Rs = 0.67, p < 0.001). We revealed the three-dimensional structure of the human hepatic venous lymphatic system. The results could improve the understanding of lymphatic physiology and liver pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Umemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Anatomical Science, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Department of Anatomical Science, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Cell Biology, Histology, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Keinosuke Ishido
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Norihisa Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Taiichi Wakiya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Takuji Kagiya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Anatomical Science, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sato
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Anatomical Science, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yuto Mitsuhashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Anatomical Science, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Seiji Watanabe
- Department of Anatomical Science, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Narita
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Research Center, Hakodate Medical Association Nursing and Rehabilitation Academy, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Chiba
- Department of Anatomical Science, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hakamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
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14
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Laurino A, Franceschini A, Pesce L, Cinci L, Montalbano A, Mazzamuto G, Sancataldo G, Nesi G, Costantini I, Silvestri L, Pavone FS. A Guide to Perform 3D Histology of Biological Tissues with Fluorescence Microscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076747. [PMID: 37047724 PMCID: PMC10094801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of histological alterations in all types of tissue is of primary importance in pathology for highly accurate and robust diagnosis. Recent advances in tissue clearing and fluorescence microscopy made the study of the anatomy of biological tissue possible in three dimensions. The combination of these techniques with classical hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining has led to the birth of three-dimensional (3D) histology. Here, we present an overview of the state-of-the-art methods, highlighting the optimal combinations of different clearing methods and advanced fluorescence microscopy techniques for the investigation of all types of biological tissues. We employed fluorescence nuclear and eosin Y staining that enabled us to obtain hematoxylin and eosin pseudo-coloring comparable with the gold standard H&E analysis. The computational reconstructions obtained with 3D optical imaging can be analyzed by a pathologist without any specific training in volumetric microscopy, paving the way for new biomedical applications in clinical pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziatina Laurino
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, LENS, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Franceschini
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, LENS, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Pesce
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, LENS, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cinci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Radiodiagnostic Unit n. 2, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Montalbano
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, LENS, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Neurofarba Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mazzamuto
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, LENS, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
- National Research Council—National Institute of Optics (CNR-INO), 50125 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sancataldo
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, LENS, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriella Nesi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Costantini
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, LENS, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- National Research Council—National Institute of Optics (CNR-INO), 50125 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Ludovico Silvestri
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, LENS, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
- National Research Council—National Institute of Optics (CNR-INO), 50125 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Pavone
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, LENS, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
- National Research Council—National Institute of Optics (CNR-INO), 50125 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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15
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Mueller JPJ, Dobosz M, O’Brien N, Abdoush N, Giusti AM, Lechmann M, Osl F, Wolf AK, Arellano-Viera E, Shaikh H, Sauer M, Rosenwald A, Herting F, Umaña P, Colombetti S, Pöschinger T, Beilhack A. ROCKETS - a novel one-for-all toolbox for light sheet microscopy in drug discovery. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1034032. [PMID: 36845124 PMCID: PMC9945347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1034032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancing novel immunotherapy strategies requires refined tools in preclinical research to thoroughly assess drug targets, biodistribution, safety, and efficacy. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) offers unprecedented fast volumetric ex vivo imaging of large tissue samples in high resolution. Yet, to date laborious and unstandardized tissue processing procedures have limited throughput and broader applications in immunological research. Therefore, we developed a simple and harmonized protocol for processing, clearing and imaging of all mouse organs and even entire mouse bodies. Applying this Rapid Optical Clearing Kit for Enhanced Tissue Scanning (ROCKETS) in combination with LSFM allowed us to comprehensively study the in vivo biodistribution of an antibody targeting Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) in 3D. Quantitative high-resolution scans of whole organs did not only reveal known EpCAM expression patterns but, importantly, uncovered several new EpCAM-binding sites. We identified gustatory papillae of the tongue, choroid plexi in the brain and duodenal papillae as previously unanticipated locations of high EpCAM expression. Subsequently, we confirmed high EpCAM expression also in human tongue and duodenal specimens. Choroid plexi and duodenal papillae may be considered as particularly sensitive sites due to their importance for liquor production or as critical junctions draining bile and digestive pancreatic enzymes into the small bowel, respectively. These newly gained insights appear highly relevant for clinical translation of EpCAM-addressing immunotherapies. Thus, ROCKETS in combination with LSFM may help to set new standards for preclinical evaluation of immunotherapeutic strategies. In conclusion, we propose ROCKETS as an ideal platform for a broader application of LSFM in immunological research optimally suited for quantitative co-localization studies of immunotherapeutic drugs and defined cell populations in the microanatomical context of organs or even whole mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg P. J. Mueller
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory (IZKF) Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Michael Dobosz
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Nils O’Brien
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Nassri Abdoush
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Giusti
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Glycart AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Martin Lechmann
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Franz Osl
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Wolf
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory (IZKF) Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Estibaliz Arellano-Viera
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory (IZKF) Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Haroon Shaikh
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory (IZKF) Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Frank Herting
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Pablo Umaña
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Glycart AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sara Colombetti
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Glycart AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pöschinger
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory (IZKF) Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
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16
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Detection and Morphological Analysis of Micro-Ruptured Cortical Arteries in Subdural Hematoma: Three-Dimensional Visualization Using the Tissue-Clearing Clear, Unobstructed, Brain/Body Imaging Cocktails and Computational Analysis Method. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12112875. [PMID: 36428935 PMCID: PMC9689514 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the causes of bleeding in subdural hematoma is cortical artery rupture, which is difficult to detect at autopsy. Therefore, reports of autopsy cases with this condition are limited and hence, the pathogenesis of subdural hematoma remains unclear. Herein, for the detection and morphological analysis of cortical artery ruptures as the bleeding sources of subdural hematoma, we used the tissue-clearing CUBIC (clear, unobstructed, brain/body imaging cocktails and computational analysis) method with light-sheet fluorescence microscopy and reconstructed the two-dimensional and three-dimensional images. Using the CUBIC method, we could clearly visualize and detect cortical artery ruptures that were missed by conventional methods. Indeed, the CUBIC method enables three-dimensional morphological analysis of cortical arteries including the ruptured area, and the creation of cross-sectional two-dimensional images in any direction, which are similar to histopathological images. This highlights the effectiveness of the CUBIC method for subdural hematoma analysis.
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17
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Pac J, Koo DJ, Cho H, Jung D, Choi MH, Choi Y, Kim B, Park JU, Kim SY, Lee Y. Three-dimensional imaging and analysis of pathological tissue samples with de novo generation of citrate-based fluorophores. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd9419. [PMID: 36383671 PMCID: PMC9668299 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add9419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) histopathology based on the observation of thin tissue slides is the current paradigm in diagnosis and prognosis. However, labeling strategies in conventional histopathology are limited in compatibility with 3D imaging combined with tissue clearing techniques. Here, we present a rapid and efficient volumetric imaging technique of pathological tissues called 3D tissue imaging through de novo formation of fluorophores, or 3DNFC, which is the integration of citrate-based fluorogenic reaction DNFC and tissue clearing techniques. 3DNFC markedly increases the fluorescence intensity of tissues by generating fluorophores on nonfluorescent amino-terminal cysteine and visualizes the 3D structure of the tissues to provide their anatomical morphology and volumetric information. Furthermore, the application of 3DNFC to pathological tissue achieves the 3D reconstruction for the unbiased analysis of diverse features of the disorders in their natural context. We suggest that 3DNFC is a promising volumetric imaging method for the prognosis and diagnosis of pathological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Pac
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Koo
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyeongjun Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Dongwook Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Min-ha Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 5 Gil 20, Boramae Road, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 07061, South Korea
| | - Yunjung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Bohyun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Ung Park
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 5 Gil 20, Boramae Road, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 07061, South Korea
| | - Sung-Yon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Yan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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18
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Lee HN, Kim S, Park S, Jung W, Kang JS. Quantification and visualization of metastatic lung tumors in mice. Toxicol Res 2022; 38:503-510. [PMID: 36277365 PMCID: PMC9532496 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-022-00134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Histopathological examination is important for the diagnosis of various diseases. Conventional histopathology provides a two-dimensional view of the tissues, and requires the tissue to be extracted, fixed, and processed using histotechnology techniques. However, there is an increasing need for three-dimensional (3D) images of structures in biomedical research. The objective of this study was to develop reliable, objective tools for visualizing and quantifying metastatic tumors in mouse lung using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Melanoma cells were intravenously injected into the tail vein of 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice. The mice were euthanized at 2 or 4 weeks after injection. Lungs were fixed and examined by micro-CT, OCT, FE-SEM, and histopathological observation. Micro-CT clearly distinguished between tumor and normal cells in surface and deep lesions, thereby allowing 3D quantification of the tumor volume. OCT showed a clear difference between the tumor and surrounding normal tissues. FE-SEM clearly showed round tumor cells, mainly located in the alveolar wall and growing inside the alveoli. Therefore, whole-tumor 3D imaging successfully visualized the metastatic tumor and quantified its volume. This promising approach will allow for fast and label-free 3D phenotyping of diverse tissue structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Neul Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Namseoul University, 91 Daehak-ro, Seonghwan-eup, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, 31020 South Korea
| | - Seyl Kim
- Ferramed Inc., National Nanofab Center, KAIST, 291 Deahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Deajeon, 34141 South Korea
| | - Sooah Park
- In Vivo Research Center, UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919 South Korea
| | - Woonggyu Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919 South Korea
| | - Jin Seok Kang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Namseoul University, 91 Daehak-ro, Seonghwan-eup, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, 31020 South Korea
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19
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An analysis modality for vascular structures combining tissue-clearing technology and topological data analysis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5239. [PMID: 36097010 PMCID: PMC9468184 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood and lymphatic vasculature networks are not yet fully understood even in mouse because of the inherent limitations of imaging systems and quantification methods. This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of the tissue-clearing technology for visualizing blood and lymphatic vessels in adult mouse. Clear, unobstructed brain/body imaging cocktails and computational analysis (CUBIC) enables us to capture the high-resolution 3D images of organ- or area-specific vascular structures. To evaluate these 3D structural images, signals are first classified from the original captured images by machine learning at pixel base. Then, these classified target signals are subjected to topological data analysis and non-homogeneous Poisson process model to extract geometric features. Consequently, the structural difference of vasculatures is successfully evaluated in mouse disease models. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the utility of CUBIC for analysis of vascular structures and presents its feasibility as an analysis modality in combination with 3D images and mathematical frameworks. Understanding blood and lymphatic vasculature networks is currently limited by existing imaging systems and quantification methods. Here the authors use the tissue clearing method CUBIC to generate 3D images, machine learning to capture the signals, and extract geometric features by topological data analysis.
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20
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Understanding Breast Cancers through Spatial and High-Resolution Visualization Using Imaging Technologies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174080. [PMID: 36077616 PMCID: PMC9454728 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women worldwide. Although many analyses and treatments have traditionally targeted the breast cancer cells themselves, recent studies have focused on investigating entire cancer tissues, including breast cancer cells. To understand the structure of breast cancer tissues, including breast cancer cells, it is necessary to investigate the three-dimensional location of the cells and/or proteins comprising the tissues and to clarify the relationship between the three-dimensional structure and malignant transformation or metastasis of breast cancers. In this review, we aim to summarize the methods for analyzing the three-dimensional structure of breast cancer tissue, paying particular attention to the recent technological advances in the combination of the tissue-clearing method and optical three-dimensional imaging. We also aimed to identify the latest methods for exploring the relationship between the three-dimensional cell arrangement in breast cancer tissues and the gene expression of each cell. Finally, we aimed to describe the three-dimensional imaging features of breast cancer tissues using noninvasive photoacoustic imaging methods.
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21
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Mai H, Rong Z, Zhao S, Cai R, Steinke H, Bechmann I, Ertürk A. Scalable tissue labeling and clearing of intact human organs. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:2188-2215. [PMID: 35859136 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00712-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Advances in tissue labeling and clearing methods include improvement of tissue transparency, better preservation of fluorescence signal, compatibility with immunostaining and large sample volumes. However, as existing methods share the common limitation that they can only be applied to human tissue slices, rendering intact human organs transparent remains a challenge. Here, we describe experimental details of the small-micelle-mediated human organ efficient clearing and labeling (SHANEL) pipeline, which can be applied for cellular mapping of intact human organs. We have successfully cleared multiple human organs, including kidney, pancreas, heart, lung, spleen and brain, as well as hard tissue like skull. We also describe an advanced volumetric imaging system using a commercial light-sheet fluorescence microscope that can accommodate most human organs and a pipeline for whole-organ imaging and visualization. The complete experimental process of labeling and clearing whole human organs takes months and the analysis process takes several weeks, depending on the organ types and sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Mai
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), Helmholtz Center, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Medical Research School (MMRS), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhouyi Rong
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), Helmholtz Center, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Medical Research School (MMRS), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Shan Zhao
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), Helmholtz Center, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Medical Research School (MMRS), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruiyao Cai
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), Helmholtz Center, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanno Steinke
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ali Ertürk
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), Helmholtz Center, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany. .,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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22
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A Novel Three-Dimensional Imaging System Based on Polysaccharide Staining for Accurate Histopathological Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:905-924. [PMID: 35835392 PMCID: PMC9500441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Tissue-clearing and three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques aid clinical histopathological evaluation; however, further methodological developments are required before use in clinical practice. METHODS We sought to develop a novel fluorescence staining method based on the classical periodic acid-Schiff stain. We further attempted to develop a 3D imaging system based on this staining method and evaluated whether the system can be used for quantitative 3D pathological evaluation and deep learning-based automatic diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases. RESULTS We successfully developed a novel periodic acid-FAM hydrazide (PAFhy) staining method for 3D imaging when combined with a tissue-clearing technique (PAFhy-3D). This strategy enabled clear and detailed imaging of the 3D architectures of crypts in human colorectal mucosa. PAFhy-3D imaging also revealed abnormal architectural changes in crypts in ulcerative colitis tissues and identified the distributions of neutrophils in cryptitis and crypt abscesses. PAFhy-3D revealed novel pathological findings including spiral staircase-like crypts specific to inflammatory bowel diseases. Quantitative analysis of crypts based on 3D morphologic changes enabled differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and non-inflammatory bowel disease; such discrimination could not be achieved by pathologists. Furthermore, a deep learning-based system using PAFhy-3D images was used to distinguish these diseases The accuracies were excellent (macro-average area under the curve = 0.94; F1 scores = 0.875 for ulcerative colitis, 0.717 for Crohn's disease, and 0.819 for non-inflammatory bowel disease). CONCLUSIONS PAFhy staining and PAFhy-3D imaging are promising approaches for next-generation experimental and clinical histopathology.
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23
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Matsui T, Iwasa A, Mimura M, Taniguchi S, Sudo T, Uchida Y, Kikuta J, Morizono H, Horii R, Motoyama Y, Morii E, Ohno S, Kiyota Y, Ishii M. Label-free multiphoton excitation imaging as a promising diagnostic tool for breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:2916-2925. [PMID: 35579268 PMCID: PMC9357641 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Histopathological diagnosis is the ultimate method of attaining the final diagnosis; however, the observation range is limited to the two‐dimensional plane, and it requires thin slicing of the tissue, which limits diagnostic information. To seek solutions for these problems, we proposed a novel imaging‐based histopathological examination. We used the multiphoton excitation microscopy (MPM) technique to establish a method for visualizing unfixed/unstained human breast tissues. Under near‐infrared ray excitation, fresh human breast tissues emitted fluorescent signals with three major peaks, which enabled visualizing the breast tissue morphology without any fixation or dye staining. Our study using human breast tissue samples from 32 patients indicated that experienced pathologists can estimate normal or cancerous lesions using only these MPM images with a kappa coefficient of 1.0. Moreover, we developed an image classification algorithm with artificial intelligence that enabled us to automatically define cancer cells in small areas with a high sensitivity of ≥0.942. Taken together, label‐free MPM imaging is a promising method for the real‐time automatic diagnosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Matsui
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akio Iwasa
- Yokohama Plant, Nikon Corporation, 471 Nagaodai-cho, Sakae-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-8533, Japan
| | - Masafumi Mimura
- Yokohama Plant, Nikon Corporation, 471 Nagaodai-cho, Sakae-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-8533, Japan
| | - Seiji Taniguchi
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takao Sudo
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yutaka Uchida
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Junichi Kikuta
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Morizono
- Breast Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.,Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, New Tokyo Hospital, 1271 Wanagaya, Matsudo, Chiba 270-2232, Japan
| | - Rie Horii
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Saitama Cancer Center, 780 Komuro, Ina, Kita-adachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Yuichi Motoyama
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinji Ohno
- Breast Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yasujiro Kiyota
- Yokohama Plant, Nikon Corporation, 471 Nagaodai-cho, Sakae-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-8533, Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
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24
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Ineveld RL, Vliet EJ, Wehrens EJ, Alieva M, Rios AC. 3D imaging for driving cancer discovery. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109675. [PMID: 35403737 PMCID: PMC9108604 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the cellular composition and architecture of cancer has primarily advanced using 2D models and thin slice samples. This has granted spatial information on fundamental cancer biology and treatment response. However, tissues contain a variety of interconnected cells with different functional states and shapes, and this complex organization is impossible to capture in a single plane. Furthermore, tumours have been shown to be highly heterogenous, requiring large-scale spatial analysis to reliably profile their cellular and structural composition. Volumetric imaging permits the visualization of intact biological samples, thereby revealing the spatio-phenotypic and dynamic traits of cancer. This review focuses on new insights into cancer biology uniquely brought to light by 3D imaging and concomitant progress in cancer modelling and quantitative analysis. 3D imaging has the potential to generate broad knowledge advance from major mechanisms of tumour progression to new strategies for cancer treatment and patient diagnosis. We discuss the expected future contributions of the newest imaging trends towards these goals and the challenges faced for reaching their full application in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravian L Ineveld
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology Utrecht The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Esmée J Vliet
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology Utrecht The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Ellen J Wehrens
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology Utrecht The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Maria Alieva
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology Utrecht The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Anne C Rios
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology Utrecht The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute Utrecht The Netherlands
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25
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Kim HJ, Kim J, Choi J, Sun W. Chemical fluorescence-based dye staining for 3-dimensional histopathology analysis. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2022; 26:45-51. [PMID: 35479512 PMCID: PMC9037194 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2022.2049641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue clearing for 3-dimensional (3D) imaging is increasingly utilized in many biomedical applications, including the pathological examination of human biopsy specimens. Although many protocols offer rapid and efficient tissue clearing (>1 d), immunofluorescence labeling of thick specimens is a highly time-consuming process. The use of low molecular weight chemical dyes has potential benefits in terms of speed and quality of 3D labeling. Accordingly, we tested several chemical dyes to assess their potential applications in 3D imaging. The combination of SYTO 16 and eosin (S&E) was found to be a potential fluorescent version of the hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) stain. Furthermore, picrosirius red (for collagen), Congo red (for senile plaques), and fluorescent Nissl (for neurons in the normal brain or blood vessels in the injured brain) stains can be used alone or in combination with antibody labeling. As chemical labeling requires a relatively short incubation time (<1 d), fluorescent chemical dyes could expedite the 3D imaging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeongah Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungyoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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26
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Brenna C, Simioni C, Varano G, Conti I, Costanzi E, Melloni M, Neri LM. Optical tissue clearing associated with 3D imaging: application in preclinical and clinical studies. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 157:497-511. [PMID: 35235045 PMCID: PMC9114043 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the inner morphology of intact tissues is one of the most competitive challenges in modern biology. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, optical tissue clearing (OTC) has provided solutions for volumetric imaging, allowing the microscopic visualization of thick sections of tissue, organoids, up to whole organs and organisms (for example, mouse or rat). Recently, tissue clearing has also been introduced in clinical settings to achieve a more accurate diagnosis with the support of 3D imaging. This review aims to give an overview of the most recent developments in OTC and 3D imaging and to illustrate their role in the field of medical diagnosis, with a specific focus on clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Brenna
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.,Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carolina Simioni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.,LTTA - Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gabriele Varano
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Conti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eva Costanzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mattia Melloni
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Maria Neri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy. .,LTTA - Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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27
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Barner LA, Glaser AK, Mao C, Susaki EA, Vaughan JC, Dintzis SM, Liu JTC. Multiresolution nondestructive 3D pathology of whole lymph nodes for breast cancer staging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:036501. [PMID: 35315258 PMCID: PMC8936940 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.3.036501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE For breast cancer patients, the extent of regional lymph node (LN) metastasis influences the decision to remove all axillary LNs. Metastases are currently identified and classified with visual analysis of a few thin tissue sections with conventional histology that may underrepresent the extent of metastases. AIM We sought to enable nondestructive three-dimensional (3D) pathology of human axillary LNs and to develop a practical workflow for LN staging with our method. We also sought to evaluate whether 3D pathology improves staging accuracy in comparison to two-dimensional (2D) histology. APPROACH We developed a method to fluorescently stain and optically clear LN specimens for comprehensive imaging with multiresolution open-top light-sheet microscopy. We present an efficient imaging and data-processing workflow for rapid evaluation of H&E-like datasets in 3D, with low-resolution screening to identify potential metastases followed by high-resolution localized imaging to confirm malignancy. RESULTS We simulate LN staging with 3D and 2D pathology datasets from 10 metastatic nodes, showing that 2D pathology consistently underestimates metastasis size, including instances in which 3D pathology would lead to upstaging of the metastasis with important implications on clinical treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our 3D pathology method may improve clinical management for breast cancer patients by improving staging accuracy of LN metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A. Barner
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Adam K. Glaser
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Chenyi Mao
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Etsuo A. Susaki
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Joshua C. Vaughan
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Seattle, Washington, United States
- University of Washington, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Suzanne M. Dintzis
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jonathan T. C. Liu
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, Washington, United States
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
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28
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Sangha GS, Hu B, Li G, Fox SE, Sholl AB, Brown JQ, Goergen CJ. Assessment of photoacoustic tomography contrast for breast tissue imaging using 3D correlative virtual histology. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2532. [PMID: 35169198 PMCID: PMC8847353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current breast tumor margin detection methods are destructive, time-consuming, and result in significant reoperative rates. Dual-modality photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and ultrasound has the potential to enhance breast margin characterization by providing clinically relevant compositional information with high sensitivity and tissue penetration. However, quantitative methods that rigorously compare volumetric PAT and ultrasound images with gold-standard histology are lacking, thus limiting clinical validation and translation. Here, we present a quantitative multimodality workflow that uses inverted Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy (iSPIM) to facilitate image co-registration between volumetric PAT-ultrasound datasets with histology in human invasive ductal carcinoma breast tissue samples. Our ultrasound-PAT system consisted of a tunable Nd:YAG laser coupled with a 40 MHz central frequency ultrasound transducer. A linear stepper motor was used to acquire volumetric PAT and ultrasound breast biopsy datasets using 1100 nm light to identify hemoglobin-rich regions and 1210 nm light to identify lipid-rich regions. Our iSPIM system used 488 nm and 647 nm laser excitation combined with Eosin and DRAQ5, a cell-permeant nucleic acid binding dye, to produce high-resolution volumetric datasets comparable to histology. Image thresholding was applied to PAT and iSPIM images to extract, quantify, and topologically visualize breast biopsy lipid, stroma, hemoglobin, and nuclei distribution. Our lipid-weighted PAT and iSPIM images suggest that low lipid regions strongly correlate with malignant breast tissue. Hemoglobin-weighted PAT images, however, correlated poorly with cancerous regions determined by histology and interpreted by a board-certified pathologist. Nuclei-weighted iSPIM images revealed similar cellular content in cancerous and non-cancerous tissues, suggesting malignant cell migration from the breast ducts to the surrounding tissues. We demonstrate the utility of our nondestructive, volumetric, region-based quantitative method for comprehensive validation of 3D tomographic imaging methods suitable for bedside tumor margin detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurneet S Sangha
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Dr, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Bihe Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, 547 Lindy Boggs Center, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, 547 Lindy Boggs Center, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Sharon E Fox
- Department of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, 433 Bolivar St, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Southeast Louisiana Veterans Healthcare System, 2400 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Andrew B Sholl
- Delta Pathology Group, Touro Infirmary, 1401 Foucher St, New Orleans, LA, 70115, USA
| | - J Quincy Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, 547 Lindy Boggs Center, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Craig J Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. .,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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29
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Richardson DS, Guan W, Matsumoto K, Pan C, Chung K, Ertürk A, Ueda HR, Lichtman JW. TISSUE CLEARING. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2022; 1. [PMID: 35128463 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-021-00080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue clearing of gross anatomical samples was first described over a century ago and has only recently found widespread use in the field of microscopy. This renaissance has been driven by the application of modern knowledge of optical physics and chemical engineering to the development of robust and reproducible clearing techniques, the arrival of new microscopes that can image large samples at cellular resolution and computing infrastructure able to store and analyze large data volumes. Many biological relationships between structure and function require investigation in three dimensions and tissue clearing therefore has the potential to enable broad discoveries in the biological sciences. Unfortunately, the current literature is complex and could confuse researchers looking to begin a clearing project. The goal of this Primer is to outline a modular approach to tissue clearing that allows a novice researcher to develop a customized clearing pipeline tailored to their tissue of interest. Further, the Primer outlines the required imaging and computational infrastructure needed to perform tissue clearing at scale, gives an overview of current applications, discusses limitations and provides an outlook on future advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S Richardson
- Harvard Center for Biological Imaging, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Webster Guan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Matsumoto
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chenchen Pan
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Kwanghun Chung
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard University and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Nano Biomedical Engineering (Nano BME) Graduate Program, Yonsei-IBS Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Ertürk
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Hiroki R Ueda
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jeff W Lichtman
- Harvard Center for Biological Imaging, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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30
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Liu Y, Levenson RM, Jenkins MW. Slide Over: Advances in Slide-Free Optical Microscopy as Drivers of Diagnostic Pathology. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:180-194. [PMID: 34774514 PMCID: PMC8883436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Conventional analysis using clinical histopathology is based on bright-field microscopy of thinly sliced tissue specimens. Although bright-field microscopy is a simple and robust method of examining microscope slides, the preparation of the slides needed is a lengthy and labor-intensive process. Slide-free histopathology, however, uses direct imaging of intact, minimally processed tissue samples using advanced optical-imaging systems, bypassing the extended workflow now required for the preparation of tissue sections. This article explains the technical basis of slide-free microscopy, reviews common slide-free optical microscopy techniques, and discusses the opportunities and challenges involved in clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehe Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Richard M. Levenson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, California,Address correspondence to Richard M. Levenson, M.D., UC Davis Health, Path Building, 4400 V St., Sacramento, CA 95817; or Michael W. Jenkins, Ph.D., 2109 Adelbert Rd., Wood Bldg., WG28, Cleveland, OH 44106.
| | - Michael W. Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio,Address correspondence to Richard M. Levenson, M.D., UC Davis Health, Path Building, 4400 V St., Sacramento, CA 95817; or Michael W. Jenkins, Ph.D., 2109 Adelbert Rd., Wood Bldg., WG28, Cleveland, OH 44106.
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31
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Takahashi Y, Hayakawa A, Sano R, Fukuda H, Kubo R, Tokue H, Okawa T, Kawamura M, Kominato Y. Usefulness of a tissue optical clearing technique for forensic autopsy. J Forensic Sci 2022; 67:1124-1131. [PMID: 35088897 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Forensic pathologists are required to investigate lethal trauma or disease at autopsy. In addition to massive contusions of various organs, a number of small features with potentially fatal implications also need to be sought. Since such lesions may need microscopic examinations for detailed evaluation, it is important to select suitable anatomic locations for tissue sampling. For practical screening of small lesions, we have developed a tissue optical clearing (TOC) technique for forensic autopsy. The technique involves clearing with a non-toxic organic solvent, ethyl cinnamate, which renders excised organs transparent, while hemorrhages or blood-containing vessels remain opaque. Using this technique, tiny hemorrhages in the spinal cord were able to be identified by gross examination, allowing proper selection of locations for tissue sampling. Subsequent histopathological evaluation was successfully performed with no apparent artifacts related with the TOC procedure. In addition, a combination of TOC and targeted CT angiography allowed feasible examination of the arterial occlusive lesion in the superior mesenteric artery, and when combined with micro-CT scanning it was useful for evaluating the lumen of the coronary artery with stent implantation. The results obtained so far indicated that TOC could complement routine forensic autopsy procedures when detailed evaluation of small lesions is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akira Hayakawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Haruki Fukuda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Rieko Kubo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tokue
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takafumi Okawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Miki Kawamura
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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32
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Richardson A, Fok S, Lee V, Rye KA, Di Girolamo N, Cochran BJ. Use of High-Refractive Index Hydrogels and Tissue Clearing for Large Biological Sample Imaging. Gels 2022; 8:gels8010032. [PMID: 35049567 PMCID: PMC8774797 DOI: 10.3390/gels8010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in tissue clearing and light sheet fluorescence microscopy have improved insights into and understanding of tissue morphology and disease pathology by imaging large samples without the requirement of histological sectioning. However, sample handling and conservation of sample integrity during lengthy staining and acquisition protocols remains a challenge. This study overcomes these challenges with acrylamide hydrogels synthesised to match the refractive index of solutions typically utilised in aqueous tissue clearing protocols. These hydrogels have a high-water content (82.0 ± 3.7% by weight). The gels are stable over time and FITC-IgG readily permeated into and effluxed out of them. Whilst the gels deformed and/or swelled over time in some commonly used solutions, this was overcome by using a previously described custom refractive index matched solution. To validate their use, CUBIC cleared mouse tissues and whole embryos were embedded in hydrogels, stained using fluorescent small molecule dyes, labels and antibodies and successfully imaged using light sheet fluorescence microscopy. In conclusion, the high water content, high refractive index hydrogels described in this study have broad applicability to research that delves into pathophysiological processes by stabilising and protecting large and fragile samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Richardson
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (A.R.); (V.L.); (K.-A.R.); (N.D.G.)
| | - Sandra Fok
- Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Victoria Lee
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (A.R.); (V.L.); (K.-A.R.); (N.D.G.)
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (A.R.); (V.L.); (K.-A.R.); (N.D.G.)
| | - Nick Di Girolamo
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (A.R.); (V.L.); (K.-A.R.); (N.D.G.)
| | - Blake J. Cochran
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (A.R.); (V.L.); (K.-A.R.); (N.D.G.)
- Correspondence:
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33
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Delgado-Rodriguez P, Brooks CJ, Vaquero JJ, Muñoz-Barrutia A. Innovations in ex vivo Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 168:37-51. [PMID: 34293338 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM) has revolutionized how optical imaging of biological specimens can be performed as this technique allows to produce 3D fluorescence images of entire samples with a high spatiotemporal resolution. In this manuscript, we aim to provide readers with an overview of the field of LSFM on ex vivo samples. Recent advances in LSFM architectures have made the technique widely accessible and have improved its acquisition speed and resolution, among other features. These developments are strongly supported by quantitative analysis of the huge image volumes produced thanks to the boost in computational capacities, the advent of Deep Learning techniques, and by the combination of LSFM with other imaging modalities. Namely, LSFM allows for the characterization of biological structures, disease manifestations and drug effectivity studies. This information can ultimately serve to develop novel diagnostic procedures, treatments and even to model the organs physiology in healthy and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Delgado-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claire Jordan Brooks
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Vaquero
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arrate Muñoz-Barrutia
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
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34
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Rusch H, Brammerloh M, Stieler J, Sonntag M, Mohammadi S, Weiskopf N, Arendt T, Kirilina E, Morawski M. Finding the best clearing approach - Towards 3D wide-scale multimodal imaging of aged human brain tissue. Neuroimage 2021; 247:118832. [PMID: 34929383 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The accessibility of new wide-scale multimodal imaging techniques led to numerous clearing techniques emerging over the last decade. However, clearing mesoscopic-sized blocks of aged human brain tissue remains an extremely challenging task. Homogenizing refractive indices and reducing light absorption and scattering are the foundation of tissue clearing. Due to its dense and highly myelinated nature, especially in white matter, the human brain poses particular challenges to clearing techniques. Here, we present a comparative study of seven tissue clearing approaches and their impact on aged human brain tissue blocks (> 5 mm). The goal was to identify the most practical and efficient method in regards to macroscopic transparency, brief clearing time, compatibility with immunohistochemical processing and wide-scale multimodal microscopic imaging. We successfully cleared 26 × 26 × 5 mm3-sized human brain samples with two hydrophilic and two hydrophobic clearing techniques. Optical properties as well as light and antibody penetration depths highly vary between these methods. In addition to finding the best clearing approach, we compared three microscopic imaging setups (the Zeiss Laser Scanning Microscope (LSM) 880 , the Miltenyi Biotec Ultramicroscope ll (UM ll) and the 3i Marianas LightSheet microscope) regarding optimal imaging of large-scale tissue samples. We demonstrate that combining the CLARITY technique (Clear Lipid-exchanged Acrylamide-hybridized Rigid Imaging compatible Tissue hYdrogel) with the Zeiss LSM 880 and combining the iDISCO technique (immunolabeling-enabled three-dimensional imaging of solvent-cleared organs) with the Miltenyi Biotec UM ll are the most practical and efficient approaches to sufficiently clear aged human brain tissue and generate 3D microscopic images. Our results point out challenges that arise from seven clearing and three imaging techniques applied to non-standardized tissue samples such as aged human brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Rusch
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 19, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Malte Brammerloh
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Science, Stephanstraße 1a, Leipzig 04103, Germany; Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, Leipzig 04103, Germany; International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Function, Structure, and Plasticity, Stephanstraße 1a, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Jens Stieler
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 19, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Mandy Sonntag
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 19, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Siawoosh Mohammadi
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Science, Stephanstraße 1a, Leipzig 04103, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Weiskopf
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Science, Stephanstraße 1a, Leipzig 04103, Germany; Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Thomas Arendt
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 19, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Evgeniya Kirilina
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Science, Stephanstraße 1a, Leipzig 04103, Germany; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Free University Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Markus Morawski
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 19, Leipzig 04103, Germany; Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Science, Stephanstraße 1a, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
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35
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Ortin‐Martinez A, Yan NE, Tsai ELS, Comanita L, Gurdita A, Tachibana N, Liu ZC, Lu S, Dolati P, Pokrajac NT, El‐Sehemy A, Nickerson PEB, Schuurmans C, Bremner R, Wallace VA. Photoreceptor nanotubes mediate the in vivo exchange of intracellular material. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107264. [PMID: 34494680 PMCID: PMC8591540 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that intracellular molecules and organelles transfer between cells during embryonic development, tissue homeostasis and disease. We and others recently showed that transplanted and host photoreceptors engage in bidirectional transfer of intracellular material in the recipient retina, a process termed material transfer (MT). We used cell transplantation, advanced tissue imaging approaches, genetic and pharmacologic interventions and primary cell culture to characterize and elucidate the mechanism of MT. We show that MT correlates with donor cell persistence and the accumulation of donor-derived proteins, mitochondria and transcripts in acceptor cells in vivo. MT requires cell contact in vitro and is associated with the formation of stable microtubule-containing protrusions, termed photoreceptor nanotubes (Ph NTs), that connect donor and host cells in vivo and in vitro. Ph NTs mediate GFP transfer between connected cells in vitro. Furthermore, interfering with Ph NT outgrowth by targeting Rho GTPase-dependent actin remodelling inhibits MT in vivo. Collectively, our observations provide evidence for horizontal exchange of intracellular material via nanotube-like connections between neurons in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Ortin‐Martinez
- Donald K. Johnson Eye InstituteKrembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
| | - Nicole E Yan
- Donald K. Johnson Eye InstituteKrembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - En Leh Samuel Tsai
- Donald K. Johnson Eye InstituteKrembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
| | - Lacrimioara Comanita
- Donald K. Johnson Eye InstituteKrembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
| | - Akshay Gurdita
- Donald K. Johnson Eye InstituteKrembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Nobuhiko Tachibana
- Donald K. Johnson Eye InstituteKrembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
| | - Zhongda C Liu
- Donald K. Johnson Eye InstituteKrembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
| | - Suying Lu
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research InstituteMount Sinai HospitalSinai Health SystemsTorontoONCanada
| | - Parnian Dolati
- Donald K. Johnson Eye InstituteKrembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Neno T Pokrajac
- Donald K. Johnson Eye InstituteKrembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Ahmed El‐Sehemy
- Donald K. Johnson Eye InstituteKrembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Philip E B Nickerson
- Donald K. Johnson Eye InstituteKrembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
| | - Carol Schuurmans
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Sunnybrook Research InstituteTorontoONCanada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision SciencesUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Rod Bremner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research InstituteMount Sinai HospitalSinai Health SystemsTorontoONCanada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision SciencesUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Valerie A Wallace
- Donald K. Johnson Eye InstituteKrembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision SciencesUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
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36
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High-resolution three-dimensional imaging for precise staging in melanoma. Eur J Cancer 2021; 159:182-193. [PMID: 34773902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many cancer guidelines include sentinel lymph node (SLN) staging to identify microscopic metastatic disease. Current SLN analysis of melanoma patients is effective but has the substantial drawback that only a small representative portion of the node is sampled, whereas most of the tissue is discarded. This might explain the high clinical false-negative rate of current SLN diagnosis in melanoma. Furthermore, the quantitative assessment of metastatic load and microanatomical localisation might yield prognosis with higher precision. Thus, methods to analyse entire SLNs with cellular resolution apart from tedious sequential physical sectioning are required. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eleven melanoma patients eligible to undergo SLN biopsy were included in this prospective study. SLNs were fixed, optically cleared, whole-mount stained and imaged using light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM). Subsequently, compatible and unbiased gold standard histopathological assessment allowed regular patient staging. This enabled intrasample comparison of LSFM and histological findings. In addition, the development of an algorithm, RAYhance, enabled easy-to-handle display of LSFM data in a browsable histologic slide-like fashion. RESULTS We comprehensively quantify total tumour volume while simultaneously visualising cellular and anatomical hallmarks of the associated SLN architecture. In a first-in-human study of 21 SLN of melanoma patients, LSFM not only confirmed all metastases identified by routine histopathological assessment but also additionally revealed metastases not detected by routine histology alone. This already led to additional therapeutic options for one patient. CONCLUSION Our three-dimensional digital pathology approach can increase sensitivity and accuracy of SLN metastasis detection and potentially alleviate the need for conventional histopathological assessment in the future. GERMAN CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTER: (DRKS00015737).
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37
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Almagro J, Messal HA, Zaw Thin M, van Rheenen J, Behrens A. Tissue clearing to examine tumour complexity in three dimensions. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:718-730. [PMID: 34331034 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The visualization of whole organs and organisms through tissue clearing and fluorescence volumetric imaging has revolutionized the way we look at biological samples. Its application to solid tumours is changing our perception of tumour architecture, revealing signalling networks and cell interactions critical in tumour progression, and provides a powerful new strategy for cancer diagnostics. This Review introduces the latest advances in tissue clearing and three-dimensional imaging, examines the challenges in clearing epithelia - the tissue of origin of most malignancies - and discusses the insights that tissue clearing has brought to cancer research, as well as the prospective applications to experimental and clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Almagro
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Hendrik A Messal
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - May Zaw Thin
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Axel Behrens
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- Convergence Science Centre and Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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38
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Haddad TS, Friedl P, Farahani N, Treanor D, Zlobec I, Nagtegaal I. Tutorial: methods for three-dimensional visualization of archival tissue material. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:4945-4962. [PMID: 34716449 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of three-dimensional patient specimens is gaining increasing relevance for understanding the principles of tissue structure as well as the biology and mechanisms underlying disease. New technologies are improving our ability to visualize large volume of tissues with subcellular resolution. One resource often overlooked is archival tissue maintained for decades in hospitals and research archives around the world. Accessing the wealth of information stored within these samples requires the use of appropriate methods. This tutorial introduces the range of sample preparation and microscopy approaches available for three-dimensional visualization of archival tissue. We summarize key aspects of the relevant techniques and common issues encountered when using archival tissue, including registration and antibody penetration. We also discuss analysis pipelines required to process, visualize and analyze the data and criteria to guide decision-making. The methods outlined in this tutorial provide an important and sustainable avenue for validating three-dimensional tissue organization and mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Sami Haddad
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Cancer GenomiCs.nl (CGC.nl), http://cancergenomics.nl, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Darren Treanor
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Clinical Pathology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Imaging Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping, Sweden
| | - Inti Zlobec
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Iris Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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39
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Menzel L, Zschummel M, Crowley T, Franke V, Grau M, Ulbricht C, Hauser A, Siffrin V, Bajénoff M, Acton SE, Akalin A, Lenz G, Willimsky G, Höpken UE, Rehm A. Lymphocyte access to lymphoma is impaired by high endothelial venule regression. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109878. [PMID: 34706240 PMCID: PMC8567313 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood endothelial cells display remarkable plasticity depending on the demands of a malignant microenvironment. While studies in solid tumors focus on their role in metabolic adaptations, formation of high endothelial venules (HEVs) in lymph nodes extends their role to the organization of immune cell interactions. As a response to lymphoma growth, blood vessel density increases; however, the fate of HEVs remains elusive. Here, we report that lymphoma causes severe HEV regression in mouse models that phenocopies aggressive human B cell lymphomas. HEV dedifferentiation occurrs as a consequence of a disrupted lymph-carrying conduit system. Mechanosensitive fibroblastic reticular cells then deregulate CCL21 migration paths, followed by deterioration of dendritic cell proximity to HEVs. Loss of this crosstalk deprives HEVs of lymphotoxin-β-receptor (LTβR) signaling, which is indispensable for their differentiation and lymphocyte transmigration. Collectively, this study reveals a remodeling cascade of the lymph node microenvironment that is detrimental for immune cell trafficking in lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Menzel
- Translational Tumorimmunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, Germany, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Zschummel
- Microenvironmental Regulation in Autoimmunity and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tadhg Crowley
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, Germany, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vedran Franke
- Bioinformatics & Omics Data Science Platform, BIMSB at Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Grau
- Medical Department A for Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Carolin Ulbricht
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Hauser
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Siffrin
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, Germany, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Bajénoff
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Sophie E Acton
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Altuna Akalin
- Bioinformatics & Omics Data Science Platform, BIMSB at Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Lenz
- Medical Department A for Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerald Willimsky
- Institute of Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta E Höpken
- Microenvironmental Regulation in Autoimmunity and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Armin Rehm
- Translational Tumorimmunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, Germany, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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Sun Q, Tiziana P, Khan AUM, Heuveline V, Gretz N. A simple optical tissue clearing pipeline for 3D vasculature imaging of the mediastinal organs in mice. Int J Exp Pathol 2021; 102:218-227. [PMID: 34613652 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical tissue clearing (OTC) methods render tissue transparent by matching the refractive index within a sample to enable three-dimensional (3D) imaging with advanced microscopes. The application of OTC method in mediastinal organs in mice remains poorly understand. Our aim was to establish a simple protocol pipeline for 3D imaging of the mediastinal organs in mice. Trachea, oesophagus, thymus and heart were harvested from mice after retrograde perfusion via the abdominal aorta. We combined and optimized antibody labelling of thick tissue samples, OTC with cheap and non-toxic solvent ethyl cinnamate (ECi), and light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) or laser confocal fluorescence microscopy (LCFM) to visualize the vasculature of those tissues. A high degree of optical transparency of trachea, oesophagus, thymus and heart was achieved after ECi-based OTC. With anti-CD31 antibody immunofluorescence labelling before ECi-based OTC, the vasculature of these tissues with their natural morphology, location and organizational network was imaged using LSFM or LCFM. This simple protocol pipeline provides an easy-to-setup and comprehensive way to study the vasculature of mediastinal organs in 3D without any special equipment. We anticipate that it will facilitate diverse applications in biomedical research of thoracic diseases and even other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanchao Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute for Medical Technology, University of Heidelberg and University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Picascia Tiziana
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute for Medical Technology, University of Heidelberg and University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arif Ul Maula Khan
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute for Medical Technology, University of Heidelberg and University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vincent Heuveline
- Director of the Computing Centre, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute for Medical Technology, University of Heidelberg and University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
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Gurdita A, Nickerson PEB, Pokrajac NT, Ortín-Martínez A, Samuel Tsai EL, Comanita L, Yan NE, Dolati P, Tachibana N, Liu ZC, Pearson JD, Chen D, Bremner R, Wallace VA. InVision: An optimized tissue clearing approach for three-dimensional imaging and analysis of intact rodent eyes. iScience 2021; 24:102905. [PMID: 34430805 PMCID: PMC8374524 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mouse eye is used to model central nervous system development, pathology, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and regenerative therapies. To facilitate the analysis of these processes, we developed an optimized tissue clearing and depigmentation protocol, termed InVision, that permits whole-eye fluorescent marker tissue imaging. We validated this method for the analysis of normal and degenerative retinal architecture, transgenic fluorescent reporter expression, immunostaining and three-dimensional volumetric (3DV) analysis of retinoblastoma and angiogenesis. We also used this method to characterize material transfer (MT), a recently described phenomenon of horizontal protein exchange that occurs between transplanted and recipient photoreceptors. 3D spatial distribution analysis of MT in transplanted retinas suggests that MT of cytoplasmic GFP between photoreceptors is mediated by short-range, proximity-dependent cellular interactions. The InVision protocol will allow investigators working across multiple cell biological disciplines to generate novel insights into the local cellular networks involved in cell biological processes in the eye. InVision is an optimized tissue clearing protocol for the rodent eye InVision can be used to study a wide variety of physiological processes in the eye Material transfer between transplanted and host photoreceptors is spatially correlated
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Gurdita
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Philip E B Nickerson
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Neno T Pokrajac
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Arturo Ortín-Martínez
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - En Leh Samuel Tsai
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Lacrimioara Comanita
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Nicole E Yan
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Parnian Dolati
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nobuhiko Tachibana
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Zhongda C Liu
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Joel D Pearson
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Danian Chen
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.,Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rod Bremner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3A9, Canada
| | - Valerie A Wallace
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3A9, Canada
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42
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Yamaguchi M, Yoshihara K, Yachida N, Suda K, Tamura R, Ishiguro T, Enomoto T. The New Era of Three-Dimensional Histoarchitecture of the Human Endometrium. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11080713. [PMID: 34442357 PMCID: PMC8401133 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The histology of the endometrium has traditionally been established by observation of two-dimensional (2D) pathological sections. However, because human endometrial glands exhibit coiling and branching morphology, it is extremely difficult to obtain an entire image of the glands by 2D observation. In recent years, the development of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of serial pathological sections by computer and whole-mount imaging technology using tissue clearing methods with high-resolution fluorescence microscopy has enabled us to observe the 3D histoarchitecture of tissues. As a result, 3D imaging has revealed that human endometrial glands form a plexus network in the basalis, similar to the rhizome of grass, whereas mouse uterine glands are single branched tubular glands. This review summarizes the relevant literature on the 3D structure of mouse and human endometrium and discusses the significance of the rhizome structure in the human endometrium and the expected role of understanding the 3D tissue structure in future applications to systems biology.
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43
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Kojima C, Koda T, Nariai T, Ichihara J, Sugiura K, Matsumoto A. Application of Zwitterionic Polymer Hydrogels to Optical Tissue Clearing for 3D Fluorescence Imaging. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100170. [PMID: 34155811 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Zwitterionic polymers have both anion and cation groups in the side chain and have been used in various biomedical applications because of the unique properties. In this study, zwitterionic polymer hydrogels are applied to optical tissue clearing for 3D fluorescence imaging. Polyacrylamide hydrogels have been employed in Clear Lipid-exchanged Acrylamide-hybridized Rigid Imaging/Immunostaining/In situ-hybridization-compatible Tissue-hYdrogel method. Zwitterionic polymer hydrogels are produced using zwitterionic monomers, such as 3-[(3-acrylamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]propane-1-sulfonate (DAPS) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), and crosslinkers. The hydrogels made from poly(DAPS-co-acrylamide) and MPC homopolymers afford the most transparent tumor tissues. However, the tissues cleared using DAPS copolymers-containing hydrogels became turbid in a refractive index-matching solution, which are unable to obtain clear 3D fluorescence images. In contrast, the 3D fluorescence imaging is achieved in the MPC polymer-treated 2-mm-thick brain slices after immunostaining. The 3D fluorescence imaging of lung metastasis that is cleared by the MPC hydrogel to demonstrate the possible application to cancer diagnosis is performed. The results indicate the increased potentials of zwitterionic polymer hydrogels, especially MPC polymer hydrogels, in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Kojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takayuki Koda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Nariai
- Bioscience Research Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Company, Ltd., 1-3-98 Kasugade-naka, Konohana-ku, Osaka, 554-8558, Japan
| | - Junji Ichihara
- Bioscience Research Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Company, Ltd., 1-3-98 Kasugade-naka, Konohana-ku, Osaka, 554-8558, Japan
| | - Kikuya Sugiura
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku Orai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Akikazu Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
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44
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Yu T, Li D, Zhu D. Tissue Optical Clearing for Biomedical Imaging: From In Vitro to In Vivo. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 3233:217-255. [PMID: 34053030 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-7627-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tissue optical clearing technique provides a prospective solution for the application of advanced optical methods in life sciences. This chapter firstly gives a brief introduction to mechanisms of tissue optical clearing techniques, from the physical mechanism to chemical mechanism, which is the most important foundation to develop tissue optical clearing methods. During the past years, in vitro and in vivo tissue optical clearing methods were developed. In vitro tissue optical clearing techniques, including the solvent-based clearing methods and the hydrophilic reagents-based clearing methods, combined with labeling technique and advanced microscopy, can be applied to image 3D microstructure of tissue blocks or whole organs such as brain and spinal cord with high resolution. In vivo skin or skull optical clearing, promise various optical imaging techniques to detect cutaneous or cortical cell and vascular structure and function without surgical window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. .,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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45
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Kolesová H, Olejníčková V, Kvasilová A, Gregorovičová M, Sedmera D. Tissue clearing and imaging methods for cardiovascular development. iScience 2021; 24:102387. [PMID: 33981974 PMCID: PMC8086021 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue imaging in 3D using visible light is limited and various clearing techniques were developed to increase imaging depth, but none provides universal solution for all tissues at all developmental stages. In this review, we focus on different tissue clearing methods for 3D imaging of heart and vasculature, based on chemical composition (solvent-based, simple immersion, hyperhydration, and hydrogel embedding techniques). We discuss in detail compatibility of various tissue clearing techniques with visualization methods: fluorescence preservation, immunohistochemistry, nuclear staining, and fluorescent dyes vascular perfusion. We also discuss myocardium visualization using autofluorescence, tissue shrinking, and expansion. Then we overview imaging methods used to study cardiovascular system and live imaging. We discuss heart and vessels segmentation methods and image analysis. The review covers the whole process of cardiovascular system 3D imaging, starting from tissue clearing and its compatibility with various visualization methods to the types of imaging methods and resulting image analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kolesová
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Olejníčková
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Kvasilová
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Gregorovičová
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sedmera
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
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46
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Taranda J, Turcan S. 3D Whole-Brain Imaging Approaches to Study Brain Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081897. [PMID: 33920839 PMCID: PMC8071100 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Brain tumors integrate into the brain and consist of tumor cells with different molecular alterations. During brain tumor pathogenesis, a variety of cell types surround the tumors to either inhibit or promote tumor growth. These cells are collectively referred to as the tumor microenvironment. Three-dimensional and/or longitudinal visualization approaches are needed to understand the growth of these tumors in time and space. In this review, we present three imaging modalities that are suitable or that can be adapted to study the volumetric distribution of malignant or tumor-associated cells in the brain. In addition, we highlight the potential clinical utility of some of the microscopy approaches for brain tumors using exemplars from solid tumors. Abstract Although our understanding of the two-dimensional state of brain tumors has greatly expanded, relatively little is known about their spatial structures. The interactions between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) occur in a three-dimensional (3D) space. This volumetric distribution is important for elucidating tumor biology and predicting and monitoring response to therapy. While static 2D imaging modalities have been critical to our understanding of these tumors, studies using 3D imaging modalities are needed to understand how malignant cells co-opt the host brain. Here we summarize the preclinical utility of in vivo imaging using two-photon microscopy in brain tumors and present ex vivo approaches (light-sheet fluorescence microscopy and serial two-photon tomography) and highlight their current and potential utility in neuro-oncology using data from solid tumors or pathological brain as examples.
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Nowzari F, Wang H, Khoradmehr A, Baghban M, Baghban N, Arandian A, Muhaddesi M, Nabipour I, Zibaii MI, Najarasl M, Taheri P, Latifi H, Tamadon A. Three-Dimensional Imaging in Stem Cell-Based Researches. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:657525. [PMID: 33937378 PMCID: PMC8079735 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.657525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have an important role in regenerative therapies, developmental biology studies and drug screening. Basic and translational research in stem cell technology needs more detailed imaging techniques. The possibility of cell-based therapeutic strategies has been validated in the stem cell field over recent years, a more detailed characterization of the properties of stem cells is needed for connectomics of large assemblies and structural analyses of these cells. The aim of stem cell imaging is the characterization of differentiation state, cellular function, purity and cell location. Recent progress in stem cell imaging field has included ultrasound-based technique to study living stem cells and florescence microscopy-based technique to investigate stem cell three-dimensional (3D) structures. Here, we summarized the fundamental characteristics of stem cells via 3D imaging methods and also discussed the emerging literatures on 3D imaging in stem cell research and the applications of both classical 2D imaging techniques and 3D methods on stem cells biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Nowzari
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Huimei Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mandana Baghban
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Neda Baghban
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Alireza Arandian
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Muhaddesi
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohammad I. Zibaii
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Najarasl
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Taheri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Latifi
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Tamadon
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Kim MS, Ahn JH, Mo JE, Song HY, Cheon D, Yoo SH, Choi HJ. Optimizing tissue clearing and imaging methods for human brain tissue. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211001729. [PMID: 33771067 PMCID: PMC8166401 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211001729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To identify optimum sample conditions for human brains, we compared the clearing efficiency, antibody staining efficiency, and artifacts between fresh and cadaver samples. Methods Fresh and cadaver samples were cleared using X-CLARITY™. Clearing efficiency and artifact levels were calculated using ImageJ, and antibody staining efficiency was evaluated after confocal microscopy imaging. Three staining methods were compared: 4-day staining (4DS), 11-day staining (11DS), and 4-day staining with a commercial kit (4DS-C). The optimum staining method was then selected by evaluating staining time, depth, method complexity, contamination, and cost. Results Fresh samples outperformed cadaver samples in terms of the time and quality of clearing, artifacts, and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining efficiency, but had a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining efficiency that was similar to that of cadaver samples. The penetration depth and DAPI staining improved in fresh samples as the incubation period lengthened. 4DS-C was the best method, with the deepest penetration. Human brain images containing blood vessels, cell nuclei, and astrocytes were visualized three-dimensionally. The chemical dye staining depth reached 800 µm and immunostaining depth exceeded 200 µm in 4 days. Conclusions We present optimized sample preparation and staining protocols for the visualization of three-dimensional macrostructure in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun Kim
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jang Ho Ahn
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Mo
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ha Young Song
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Deokhyeon Cheon
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong Ho Yoo
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project Team, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, South Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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49
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Sensitive label-free imaging of brain samples using FxClear-based tissue clearing technique. iScience 2021; 24:102267. [PMID: 33817573 PMCID: PMC8005756 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical clearing has emerged as a powerful tool for volume imaging. Although volume imaging with immunostaining have been successful in many protocols, yet obtaining homogeneously stained thick samples remains challenging. Here, we propose a method for label-free imaging of brain slices by enhancing the regional heterogeneity of the optical properties using the tissue clearing principle. We used FxClear, a method for delipidation of brain tissue, to retain a larger proportion of lipids at the white matter (WM). Furthermore, the embedding media affected the contrasts for the lipid-rich or extracellular matrix-rich areas, depending on their chemical properties. Thus, we tailored clearing conditions for the enhancement of the refractive indices (RIs) differences between gray and WM, or several pathological features. RI differences can be imaged using conventional light microscopy or optical coherence tomography. We propose that our protocol is simple, reliable, and flexible for label-free imaging, easily implementable to routine histology laboratory.
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50
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Molbay M, Kolabas ZI, Todorov MI, Ohn T, Ertürk A. A guidebook for DISCO tissue clearing. Mol Syst Biol 2021; 17:e9807. [PMID: 33769689 PMCID: PMC7995442 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20209807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Histological analysis of biological tissues by mechanical sectioning is significantly time-consuming and error-prone due to loss of important information during sample slicing. In the recent years, the development of tissue clearing methods overcame several of these limitations and allowed exploring intact biological specimens by rendering tissues transparent and subsequently imaging them by laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. In this review, we provide a guide for scientists who would like to perform a clearing protocol from scratch without any prior knowledge, with an emphasis on DISCO clearing protocols, which have been widely used not only due to their robustness, but also owing to their relatively straightforward application. We discuss diverse tissue-clearing options and propose solutions for several possible pitfalls. Moreover, after surveying more than 30 researchers that employ tissue clearing techniques in their laboratories, we compiled the most frequently encountered issues and propose solutions. Overall, this review offers an informative and detailed guide through the growing literature of tissue clearing and can help with finding the easiest way for hands-on implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muge Molbay
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM)Helmholtz CenterNeuherberg, MunichGermany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia ResearchKlinikum der Universität MünchenLudwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichMunichGermany
- Munich Medical Research School (MMRS)MunichGermany
| | - Zeynep Ilgin Kolabas
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM)Helmholtz CenterNeuherberg, MunichGermany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia ResearchKlinikum der Universität MünchenLudwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichMunichGermany
- Graduate School for Systemic Neurosciences (GSN)MunichGermany
| | - Mihail Ivilinov Todorov
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM)Helmholtz CenterNeuherberg, MunichGermany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia ResearchKlinikum der Universität MünchenLudwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichMunichGermany
- Graduate School for Systemic Neurosciences (GSN)MunichGermany
| | - Tzu‐Lun Ohn
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM)Helmholtz CenterNeuherberg, MunichGermany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia ResearchKlinikum der Universität MünchenLudwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Ali Ertürk
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM)Helmholtz CenterNeuherberg, MunichGermany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia ResearchKlinikum der Universität MünchenLudwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichMunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
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