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Zhu Y, Yuan Y, Si H, Li S, Zhao F, Mu R, Lin Z, Wang X, Qiu Q, Xu C, Ji L, Li Z. Lipidomic and transcriptomic profiles provide new insights into the triacylglycerol and glucose handling capacities of the Arctic fox. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1388532. [PMID: 38988981 PMCID: PMC11233799 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1388532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) is a species indigenous to the Arctic and has developed unique lipid metabolism, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the significantly increased body weight of Arctic foxes was consistent with the significantly increased serum very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and the 40% crude fat diet further increased the Arctic fox body weight. The enhanced body weight gain stems primarily from increased subcutaneous adipose tissue accumulation. The adipose triacylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were significantly greater in Arctic foxes. The adipose fatty-acid synthase content was significantly lower in Arctic foxes, highlighting the main role of exogenous fatty-acids in fat accumulation. Considering the same diet, liver-derived fat dominates adipose expansion in Arctic foxes. Liver transcriptome analysis revealed greater fat and VLDL synthesis in Arctic foxes, consistent with the greater VLDL. Glucose homeostasis wasn't impacted in Arctic foxes. And the free fatty-acids in adipose, which promote insulin resistance, also did not differ between groups. However, the hepatic glycogen was greater in Arctic foxes and transcriptome analysis revealed upregulated glycogen synthesis, improving glucose homeostasis. These results suggest that the superior fat accumulation capacity and distinct characteristics of hepatic and adipose lipid and glucose metabolism facilitate glucose homeostasis and massive fat accumulation in Arctic foxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huazhe Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Songze Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruina Mu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zihan Lin
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Department of Special Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Qiang Qiu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lele Ji
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Preclinical Medicine Education, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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2
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Chandra Jena B, Flaherty DP, O'Brien VP, Watts VJ. Biochemical pharmacology of adenylyl cyclases in cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116160. [PMID: 38522554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Globally, despite extensive research and pharmacological advancement, cancer remains one of the most common causes of mortality. Understanding the signaling pathways involved in cancer progression is essential for the discovery of new drug targets. The adenylyl cyclase (AC) superfamily comprises glycoproteins that regulate intracellular signaling and convert ATP into cyclic AMP, an important second messenger. The present review highlights the involvement of ACs in cancer progression and suppression, broken down for each specific mammalian AC isoform. The precise mechanisms by which ACs contribute to cancer cell proliferation and invasion are not well understood and are variable among cancer types; however, AC overactivation, along with that of downstream regulators, presents a potential target for novel anticancer therapies. The expression patterns of ACs in numerous cancers are discussed. In addition, we highlight inhibitors of AC-related signaling that are currently under investigation, with a focus on possible anti-cancer strategies. Recent discoveries with small molecules regarding more direct modulation AC activity are also discussed in detail. A more comprehensive understanding of different components in AC-related signaling could potentially lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for personalized oncology and might enhance the efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy in the treatment of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Chandra Jena
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Daniel P Flaherty
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Valerie P O'Brien
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
| | - Val J Watts
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
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3
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Ariyeloye S, Kämmerer S, Klapproth E, Wielockx B, El-Armouche A. Intertwined regulators: hypoxia pathway proteins, microRNAs, and phosphodiesterases in the control of steroidogenesis. Pflugers Arch 2024:10.1007/s00424-024-02921-4. [PMID: 38355819 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02921-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen sensing is of paramount importance for maintaining cellular and systemic homeostasis. In response to diminished oxygen levels, the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) orchestrate various biological processes. These pivotal transcription factors have been identified as key regulators of several biological events. Notably, extensive research from our group and others has demonstrated that HIF1α exerts an inverse regulatory effect on steroidogenesis, leading to the suppression of crucial steroidogenic enzyme expression and a subsequent decrease in steroid levels. These steroid hormones occupy pivotal roles in governing a myriad of physiological processes. Substantial or prolonged fluctuations in steroid levels carry detrimental consequences across multiple organ systems and underlie various pathological conditions, including metabolic and immune disorders. MicroRNAs serve as potent mediators of multifaceted gene regulatory mechanisms, acting as influential epigenetic regulators that modulate a broad spectrum of gene expressions. Concomitantly, phosphodiesterases (PDEs) play a crucial role in governing signal transduction. PDEs meticulously manage intracellular levels of both cAMP and cGMP, along with their respective signaling pathways and downstream targets. Intriguingly, an intricate interplay seems to exist between hypoxia signaling, microRNAs, and PDEs in the regulation of steroidogenesis. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the role of microRNAs during hypoxia-driven processes, including steroidogenesis, as well as the possibilities that exist in the application of HIF prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors for the modulation of steroidogenesis.
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Grants
- CRC/Transregio 205/1, Project No. 314061271 - TRR205, "The Adrenal: Central Relay in Health and Disease" (A02) to B.W. and A.E.-A.; DFG grants WI3291/12-1 and 13-1 to B.W, EL 270/7-3 to A.E.-A., KA 4194/3-3 to S.K.. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- This work was also supported by a grant from the DFG priority program µBONE 2084 to B.W.; project no. 288034826 - international research training group (IRTG) 2251 to A.E.A. and S.K. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- This work was also supported by a grant from the DFG priority program µBONE 2084 to B.W.; project no. 288034826 - international research training group (IRTG) 2251 to A.E.A. and S.K. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- CRC/Transregio 205/1, Project No. 314061271 - TRR205, "The Adrenal: Central Relay in Health and Disease" (A02) to B.W. and A.E.-A.; DFG grants WI3291/12-1 and 13-1 to B.W, EL 270/7-3 to A.E.-A., KA 4194/3-3 to S.K.. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- CRC/Transregio 205/1, Project No. 314061271 - TRR205, "The Adrenal: Central Relay in Health and Disease" (A02) to B.W. and A.E.-A.; DFG grants WI3291/12-1 and 13-1 to B.W, EL 270/7-3 to A.E.-A., KA 4194/3-3 to S.K.. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ariyeloye
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Kämmerer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Erik Klapproth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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4
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Liu J, Chen J, Wang J, Hua H, Jiang Y. cAMP-PKA/EPAC signaling and cancer: the interplay in tumor microenvironment. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:5. [PMID: 38233872 PMCID: PMC10792844 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease resulting from abnormal cell growth that is induced by a number of genetic and environmental factors. The tumor microenvironment (TME), which involves extracellular matrix, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), tumor-infiltrating immune cells and angiogenesis, plays a critical role in tumor progression. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger that has pleiotropic effects on the TME. The downstream effectors of cAMP include cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC) and ion channels. While cAMP can activate PKA or EPAC and promote cancer cell growth, it can also inhibit cell proliferation and survival in context- and cancer type-dependent manner. Tumor-associated stromal cells, such as CAF and immune cells, can release cytokines and growth factors that either stimulate or inhibit cAMP production within the TME. Recent studies have shown that targeting cAMP signaling in the TME has therapeutic benefits in cancer. Small-molecule agents that inhibit adenylate cyclase and PKA have been shown to inhibit tumor growth. In addition, cAMP-elevating agents, such as forskolin, can not only induce cancer cell death, but also directly inhibit cell proliferation in some cancer types. In this review, we summarize current understanding of cAMP signaling in cancer biology and immunology and discuss the basis for its context-dependent dual role in oncogenesis. Understanding the precise mechanisms by which cAMP and the TME interact in cancer will be critical for the development of effective therapies. Future studies aimed at investigating the cAMP-cancer axis and its regulation in the TME may provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis and lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhang
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongliang Liu
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jieya Liu
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinzhu Chen
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Bhatt K, Nukovic A, Colombani T, Bencherif SA. Biomaterial-assisted local oxygenation safeguards the prostimulatory phenotype and functions of human dendritic cells in hypoxia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1278397. [PMID: 38169677 PMCID: PMC10758617 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1278397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), professional antigen-presenting cells, function as sentinels of the immune system. DCs initiate and fine-tune adaptive immune responses by presenting antigenic peptides to B and T lymphocytes to mount an effective immune response against cancer and pathogens. However, hypoxia, a condition characterized by low oxygen (O2) tension in different tissues, significantly impacts DC functions, including antigen uptake, activation and maturation, migration, as well as T-cell priming and proliferation. In this study, we employed O2-releasing biomaterials (O2-cryogels) to study the effect of localized O2 supply on human DC phenotype and functions. Our results indicate that O2-cryogels effectively mitigate DC exposure to hypoxia under hypoxic conditions. Additionally, O2-cryogels counteract hypoxia-induced inhibition of antigen uptake and migratory activity in DCs through O2 release and hyaluronic acid (HA) mediated mechanisms. Furthermore, O2-cryogels preserve and restore DC maturation and co-stimulation markers, including HLA-DR, CD86, and CD40, along with the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in hypoxic conditions. Finally, our findings demonstrate that the supplemental O2 released from the cryogels preserves DC-mediated T-cell priming, ultimately leading to the activation and proliferation of allogeneic CD3+ T cells. This work emphasizes the potential of local oxygenation as a powerful immunomodulatory agent to improve DC activation and functions in hypoxia, offering new approaches for cancer and infectious disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alexandra Nukovic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thibault Colombani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sidi A. Bencherif
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Aboouf MA, Thiersch M, Soliz J, Gassmann M, Schneider Gasser EM. The Brain at High Altitude: From Molecular Signaling to Cognitive Performance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10179. [PMID: 37373327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain requires over one-fifth of the total body oxygen demand for normal functioning. At high altitude (HA), the lower atmospheric oxygen pressure inevitably challenges the brain, affecting voluntary spatial attention, cognitive processing, and attention speed after short-term, long-term, or lifespan exposure. Molecular responses to HA are controlled mainly by hypoxia-inducible factors. This review aims to summarize the cellular, metabolic, and functional alterations in the brain at HA with a focus on the role of hypoxia-inducible factors in controlling the hypoxic ventilatory response, neuronal survival, metabolism, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Aboouf
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Thiersch
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jorge Soliz
- Institute Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edith M Schneider Gasser
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Bhatia V, Maghsoudi S, Hinton M, Bhagirath AY, Singh N, Jaggupilli A, Chelikani P, Dakshinamurti S. Characterization of Adenylyl Cyclase Isoform 6 Residues Interacting with Forskolin. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040572. [PMID: 37106773 PMCID: PMC10135528 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adenylyl cyclase (AC) pathway, crucial for pulmonary vasodilation, is inhibited by hypoxia. Forskolin (FSK) binds allosterically to AC, stimulating ATP catalysis. As AC6 is the primary AC isoform in the pulmonary artery, selective reactivation of AC6 could provide targeted reinstatement of hypoxic AC activity. This requires elucidation of the FSK binding site in AC6. METHODS HEK293T cells stably overexpressing AC 5, 6, or 7 were incubated in normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (10% O2) or exposed to s-nitrosocysteine (CSNO). AC activity was measured using terbium norfloxacin assay; AC6 structure built by homology modeling; ligand docking to examine FSK-interacting amino acids; roles of selected residues determined by site-directed mutagenesis; FSK-dependent cAMP generation measured in wild-type and FSK-site mutants by biosensor-based live cell assay. RESULTS Only AC6 is inhibited by hypoxia and nitrosylation. Homology modeling and docking revealed residues T500, N503, and S1035 interacting with FSK. Mutation of T500, N503, or S1035 decreased FSK-stimulated AC activity. FSK site mutants were not further inhibited by hypoxia or CSNO; however, mutation of any of these residues prevented AC6 activation by FSK following hypoxia or CSNO treatment. CONCLUSIONS FSK-interacting amino acids are not involved in the hypoxic inhibition mechanism. This study provides direction to design FSK derivatives for selective activation of hypoxic AC6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Bhatia
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada
| | - Saeid Maghsoudi
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Martha Hinton
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Anjali Y Bhagirath
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Nisha Singh
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | | | - Prashen Chelikani
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Shyamala Dakshinamurti
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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Hinton M, Thliveris JA, Hatch GM, Dakshinamurti S. Nitric oxide augments signaling for contraction in hypoxic pulmonary arterial smooth muscle—Implications for hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1144574. [PMID: 37064915 PMCID: PMC10090299 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1144574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hypoxic persistent pulmonary hypertension in the newborn (PPHN) is usually treated with oxygen and inhaled nitric oxide (NO), both pulmonary arterial relaxants. But treatment failure with NO occurs in 25% of cases. We previously demonstrated that 72 h exposure to hypoxia, modeling PPHN, sensitized pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) to the contractile agonist thromboxane and inhibited relaxant adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity.Methods: In this study, we examined the effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), as NO donor, on the thromboxane-mediated contraction and NO-independent relaxation pathways and on reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in PASMC. In addition, we examined the effect of the peroxynitrite scavenger 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrinato Iron (III) (FeTPPS) on these processes.Results: Exposure of PASMC to 72 h hypoxia increased total intracellular ROS compared to normoxic control cells and this was mitigated by treatment of cells with either SNP or FeTPPS. Total protein nitrosylation was increased in hypoxic PASMC compared to controls. Both normoxic and hypoxic cells treated with SNP exhibited increased total protein nitrosylation and intracellular nitrite; this was reduced by treatment with FeTPPS. While cell viability and mitochondrial number were unchanged by hypoxia, mitochondrial activity was decreased compared to controls; addition of FeTPPS did not alter this. Basal and maximal mitochondrial metabolism and ATP turnover were reduced in hypoxic PASMC compared to controls. Hypoxic PASMC had higher basal Ca2+, and a heightened peak Ca2+ response to thromboxane challenge compared to controls. Addition of SNP further elevated the peak Ca2+ response, while addition of FeTPPS brought peak Ca2+ response down to control levels. AC mediated relaxation was impaired in hypoxic PASMC compared to controls but was normalized following treatment with FeTPPS. Addition of SNP inhibited adenylyl cyclase activity in both normoxic and hypoxic PASMC. Moreover, addition of the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA improved AC activity, but the effect was minimal.Discussion: We conclude that NO independently augments contraction and inhibits relaxation pathways in hypoxic PASMC, in part by a mechanism involving nitrogen radical formation and protein nitrosylation. These observations may partially explain impaired effectiveness of NO when treating hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Hinton
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - James A. Thliveris
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Grant M. Hatch
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shyamala Dakshinamurti
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Shyamala Dakshinamurti,
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9
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Singh S, Goyal D, Raman K, Kumar S, Malik PS, Elangovan R. RNA profile of immuno-magnetically enriched lung cancer associated exosomes isolated from clinical samples. Cancer Genet 2023; 274-275:59-71. [PMID: 37030018 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Exosomal cargo secreted from cancer cells has been associated with the development and progression of the tumour. Enriching clinically relevant tissue-specific exosomes may assist in the focused analysis of RNA molecules packaged during cancer. Therefore, this study utilized a rapid immunomagnetic enrichment approach for targeted isolation of lung cancer cell-derived exosomes from human plasma, followed by analysing their cargo RNA using high throughput sequencing. The total RNA purified from these immunomagnetically enriched exosomes provided adequate RNA quality for characterization through the Illumina platform. Differential expression analysis was performed between patients and healthy controls to study the altered exosomal RNA profile during lung cancer. Further, functional enrichment analysis was performed with the list of identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In total, 1383 mRNAs and 64 lncRNA were identified as differentially expressed between patient plasma exosomes than healthy controls (fold change > 2, P < 0.05). Kyoto encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that the DEGs were mainly associated with cancer-related pathways, purine metabolism, calcium, and cGMP-PKG signalling pathways. In conclusion, the presented approach successfully demonstrated a novel strategy for focused disease-specific transcriptome analysis, which provides a feasible option for identifying disease-specific exosome biomarkers for detecting non-small lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefali Singh
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Deevanshu Goyal
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Karthikeyan Raman
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A Institute-Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar East, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Prabhat Singh Malik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A Institute-Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar East, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ravikrishnan Elangovan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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10
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De Rasmo D, Cormio A, Cormio G, Signorile A. Ovarian Cancer: A Landscape of Mitochondria with Emphasis on Mitochondrial Dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021224. [PMID: 36674740 PMCID: PMC9865899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) represents the main cause of death from gynecological malignancies in western countries. Altered cellular and mitochondrial metabolism are considered hallmarks in cancer disease. Several mitochondrial aspects have been found altered in OC, such as the oxidative phosphorylation system, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial dynamics includes cristae remodeling, fusion, and fission processes forming a dynamic mitochondrial network. Alteration of mitochondrial dynamics is associated with metabolic change in tumour development and, in particular, the mitochondrial shaping proteins appear also to be responsible for the chemosensitivity and/or chemoresistance in OC. In this review a focus on the mitochondrial dynamics in OC cells is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico De Rasmo
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Cormio
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Cormio
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Signorile
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
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11
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Seaayfan E, Nasrah S, Quell L, Radi A, Kleim M, Schermuly RT, Weber S, Laghmani K, Kömhoff M. Reciprocal Regulation of MAGED2 and HIF-1α Augments Their Expression under Hypoxia: Role of cAMP and PKA Type II. Cells 2022; 11:3424. [PMID: 36359819 PMCID: PMC9655371 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia stabilizes the transcription factor HIF-1α, which promotes the transcription of many genes essential to adapt to reduced oxygen levels. Besides proline hydroxylation, expression of HIF-1α is also regulated by a range of other posttranslational modifications including phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), which stabilizes HIF-1α. We recently demonstrated that MAGED2 is required for cAMP generation under hypoxia and proposed that this regulation may explain the transient nature of antenatal Bartter syndrome (aBS) due to MAGED2 mutations. Consequently, we sought to determine whether hypoxic induction of HIF-1α requires also MAGED2. In HEK293 and HeLa cells, MAGED2 knock-down impaired maximal induction of HIF-1α under physical hypoxia as evidenced by time-course experiments, which showed a signification reduction of HIF-1α upon MAGED2 depletion. Similarly, using cobalt chloride to induce HIF-1α, MAGED2 depletion impaired its appropriate induction. Given the known effect of the cAMP/PKA pathway on the hypoxic induction of HIF-1α, we sought to rescue impaired HIF-1α induction with isoproterenol and forskolin acting upstream and downstream of Gαs, respectively. Importantly, while forskolin induced HIF-1α above control levels in MAGED2-depleted cells, isoproterenol had no effect. To further delineate which PKA subtype is involved, we analyzed the effect of two PKA inhibitors and identified that PKA type II regulates HIF-1α. Interestingly, MAGED2 mRNA and protein were also increased under hypoxia by a cAMP mimetic. Moreover, MAGED2 protein expression also required HIF-1α. Thus, our data provide evidence for reciprocal regulation of MAGED2 and HIF-1α under hypoxia, revealing therefore a new regulatory mechanism that may further explain the transient nature of aBS caused by MAGED2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Seaayfan
- University Children’s Hospital, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sadiq Nasrah
- University Children’s Hospital, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lea Quell
- University Children’s Hospital, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Aline Radi
- University Children’s Hospital, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Maja Kleim
- University Children’s Hospital, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ralph T. Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Weber
- University Children’s Hospital, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Kamel Laghmani
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, CNRS, ERL8228, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Martin Kömhoff
- University Children’s Hospital, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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12
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Debbi L, Guo S, Safina D, Levenberg S. Boosting extracellular vesicle secretion. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107983. [PMID: 35588952 PMCID: PMC9420194 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically exosomes, have emerged as a promising strategy for treating a wide spectrum of pathologies, such as cancer and COVID-19, as well as promoting tissue regeneration in various conditions, including cardiomyopathies and spinal cord injuries. Despite the great potential of EV-based therapies, poor yield and unscalable production of EVs remain big challenges to overcome to translate these types of treatment to clinical practices. Here, we review different strategies for enhancing EV yield by physical, biological or chemical means. Some of these novel approaches can lead to about 100-fold increase in EV production yield, thus bringing closer the clinical translation with regard to scalability and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Debbi
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shaowei Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Dina Safina
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shulamit Levenberg
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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13
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Horst B, Pradhan S, Chaudhary R, Listik E, Quintero-Macias L, Choi AS, Southard M, Liu Y, Whitaker R, Hempel N, Berchuck A, Nixon AB, Lee NY, Henis YI, Mythreye K. Hypoxia-induced inhibin promotes tumor growth and vascular permeability in ovarian cancers. Commun Biol 2022; 5:536. [PMID: 35654828 PMCID: PMC9163327 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a driver of tumor growth and metastasis, regulates angiogenic pathways that are targets for vessel normalization and ovarian cancer management. However, toxicities and resistance to anti-angiogenics can limit their use making identification of new targets vital. Inhibin, a heteromeric TGFβ ligand, is a contextual regulator of tumor progression acting as an early tumor suppressor, yet also an established biomarker for ovarian cancers. Here, we find that hypoxia increases inhibin levels in ovarian cancer cell lines, xenograft tumors, and patients. Inhibin is regulated primarily through HIF-1, shifting the balance under hypoxia from activins to inhibins. Hypoxia regulated inhibin promotes tumor growth, endothelial cell invasion and permeability. Targeting inhibin in vivo through knockdown and anti-inhibin strategies robustly reduces permeability in vivo and alters the balance of pro and anti-angiogenic mechanisms resulting in vascular normalization. Mechanistically, inhibin regulates permeability by increasing VE-cadherin internalization via ACVRL1 and CD105, a receptor complex that we find to be stabilized directly by inhibin. Our findings demonstrate direct roles for inhibins in vascular normalization via TGF-β receptors providing new insights into the therapeutic significance of inhibins as a strategy to normalize the tumor vasculature in ovarian cancer. Hypoxia increases levels of the heteromeric TGFβ ligand inhibin in ovarian cancer and inhibin promotes tumor growth, endothelial cell invasion and permeability.
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14
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Trivlidis J, Aloufi N, Al-Habeeb F, Nair P, Azuelos I, Eidelman DH, Baglole CJ. HuR drives lung fibroblast differentiation but not metabolic reprogramming in response to TGF-β and hypoxia. Respir Res 2021; 22:323. [PMID: 34963461 PMCID: PMC8715577 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01916-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary fibrosis is thought to be driven by recurrent alveolar epithelial injury which leads to the differentiation of fibroblasts into α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-expressing myofibroblasts and subsequent deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) plays a key role in fibroblast differentiation, which we have recently shown involves human antigen R (HuR). HuR is an RNA binding protein that also increases the translation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) mRNA, a transcription factor critical for inducing a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation towards glycolysis. This metabolic shift may cause fibroblast differentiation. We hypothesized that under hypoxic conditions, HuR controls myofibroblast differentiation and glycolytic reprogramming in human lung fibroblasts (HLFs). Methods Primary HLFs were cultured in the presence (or absence) of TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml) under hypoxic (1% O2) or normoxic (21% O2) conditions. Evaluation included mRNA and protein expression of glycolytic and myofibroblast/ECM markers by qRT-PCR and western blot. Metabolic profiling was done by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H- NMR). Separate experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of HuR on metabolic reprogramming using siRNA-mediated knock-down. Results Hypoxia alone had no significant effect on fibroblast differentiation or metabolic reprogramming. While hypoxia- together with TGFβ1- increased mRNA levels of differentiation and glycolysis genes, such as ACTA2, LDHA, and HK2, protein levels of α-SMA and collagen 1 were significantly reduced. Hypoxia induced cytoplasmic translocation of HuR. Knockdown of HuR reduced features of fibroblast differentiation in response to TGF-β1 with and without hypoxia, including α-SMA and the ECM marker collagen I, but had no effect on lactate secretion. Conclusions Hypoxia reduced myofibroblasts differentiation and lactate secretion in conjunction with TGF-β. HuR is an important protein in the regulation of myofibroblast differentiation but does not control glycolysis in HLFs in response to hypoxia. More research is needed to understand the functional implications of HuR in IPF pathogenesis.
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15
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Ostrom KF, LaVigne JE, Brust TF, Seifert R, Dessauer CW, Watts VJ, Ostrom RS. Physiological Roles of Mammalian Transmembrane Adenylyl Cyclase Isoforms. Physiol Rev 2021; 102:815-857. [PMID: 34698552 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) catalyze the conversion of ATP to the ubiquitous second messenger cAMP. Mammals possess nine isoforms of transmembrane ACs, dubbed AC1-9, that serve as major effector enzymes of G protein-coupled receptors. The transmembrane ACs display varying expression patterns across tissues, giving potential for them having a wide array of physiologic roles. Cells express multiple AC isoforms, implying that ACs have redundant functions. Furthermore, all transmembrane ACs are activated by Gαs so it was long assumed that all ACs are activated by Gαs-coupled GPCRs. AC isoforms partition to different microdomains of the plasma membrane and form prearranged signaling complexes with specific GPCRs that contribute to cAMP signaling compartments. This compartmentation allows for a diversity of cellular and physiological responses by enabling unique signaling events to be triggered by different pools of cAMP. Isoform specific pharmacological activators or inhibitors are lacking for most ACs, making knockdown and overexpression the primary tools for examining the physiological roles of a given isoform. Much progress has been made in understanding the physiological effects mediated through individual transmembrane ACs. GPCR-AC-cAMP signaling pathways play significant roles in regulating functions of every cell and tissue, so understanding each AC isoform's role holds potential for uncovering new approaches for treating a vast array of pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina F Ostrom
- W. M. Keck Science Department, Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Justin E LaVigne
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Tarsis F Brust
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, FL, United States
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carmen W Dessauer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Val J Watts
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Rennolds S Ostrom
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, United States
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16
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Bastani S, Akbarzadeh M, Rastgar Rezaei Y, Farzane A, Nouri M, Mollapour Sisakht M, Fattahi A, Akbarzadeh M, Reiter RJ. Melatonin as a Therapeutic Agent for the Inhibition of Hypoxia-Induced Tumor Progression: A Description of Possible Mechanisms Involved. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10874. [PMID: 34639215 PMCID: PMC8509383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia has an important role in tumor progression via the up-regulation of growth factors and cellular adaptation genes. These changes promote cell survival, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and energy metabolism in favor of cancer development. Hypoxia also plays a central role in determining the resistance of tumors to chemotherapy. Hypoxia of the tumor microenvironment provides an opportunity to develop new therapeutic strategies that may selectively induce apoptosis of the hypoxic cancer cells. Melatonin is well known for its role in the regulation of circadian rhythms and seasonal reproduction. Numerous studies have also documented the anti-cancer properties of melatonin, including anti-proliferation, anti-angiogenesis, and apoptosis promotion. In this paper, we hypothesized that melatonin exerts anti-cancer effects by inhibiting hypoxia-induced pathways. Considering this action, co-administration of melatonin in combination with other therapeutic medications might increase the effectiveness of anti-cancer drugs. In this review, we discussed the possible signaling pathways by which melatonin inhibits hypoxia-induced cancer cell survival, invasion, migration, and metabolism, as well as tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Bastani
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran;
- Stem Cell And Regenerative Medicine Institute (SCARM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran;
| | - Moloud Akbarzadeh
- Stem Cell And Regenerative Medicine Institute (SCARM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran;
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz 51368, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Rastgar Rezaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran;
| | - Ali Farzane
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Science, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran;
| | - Mahsa Mollapour Sisakht
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran;
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amir Fattahi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen–Nürnberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maryam Akbarzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
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17
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Colombani T, Eggermont LJ, Hatfield SM, Rogers ZJ, Rezaeeyazdi M, Memic A, Sitkovsky MV, Bencherif SA. Oxygen-Generating Cryogels Restore T Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity in Hypoxic Tumors. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2102234. [PMID: 37745940 PMCID: PMC10516343 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202102234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Solid tumors are protected from antitumor immune responses due to their hypoxic microenvironments. Weakening hypoxia-driven immunosuppression by hyperoxic breathing of 60% oxygen has shown to be effective in unleashing antitumor immune cells against solid tumors. However, efficacy of systemic oxygenation is limited against solid tumors outside of lungs and has been associated with unwanted side effects. As a result, it is essential to develop targeted oxygenation alternatives to weaken tumor hypoxia as novel approaches to restore immune responses against cancer. Herein, we report on injectable oxygen-generating cryogels (O2-cryogels) to reverse tumor-induced hypoxia. These macroporous biomaterials were designed to locally deliver oxygen, inhibit the expression of hypoxia-inducible genes in hypoxic melanoma cells, and reduce the accumulation of immunosuppressive extracellular adenosine. Our data show that O2-cryogels enhance T cell-mediated secretion of cytotoxic proteins, restoring the killing ability of tumor-specific CTLs, both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, O2-cryogels provide a unique and safe platform to supply oxygen as a co-adjuvant in hypoxic tumors and have the potential to improve cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Colombani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Loek J. Eggermont
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen M. Hatfield
- New England Inflammation and Tissue Protection Institute, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zachary J. Rogers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Adnan Memic
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Makkah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michail V. Sitkovsky
- New England Inflammation and Tissue Protection Institute, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sidi A. Bencherif
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering (BMBI), UTC CNRS UMR 7338, University of Technology of Compiègne, Sorbonne University, 60203 Compiègne, France
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18
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Zamora-Briseño JA, Améndola-Pimenta M, Ortega-Rosas DA, Pereira-Santana A, Hernández-Velázquez IM, González-Penagos CE, Pérez-Vega JA, Del Río-García M, Árcega-Cabrera F, Rodríguez-Canul R. Gill and liver transcriptomic responses of Achirus lineatus (Neopterygii: Achiridae) exposed to water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of light crude oil reveal an onset of hypoxia-like condition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:34309-34327. [PMID: 33646544 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil is one of the most widespread pollutants released into the marine environment, and native species have provided useful information about the effect of crude oil pollution in marine ecosystems. We consider that the lined sole Achirus lineatus can be a useful monitor of the effect of crude oil in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) because this flounder species has a wide distribution along the GoM, and its response to oil components is relevant. The objective of this study was to compare the transcriptomic changes in liver and gill of adults lined sole fish (Achirus lineatus) exposed to a sublethal acute concentration of water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of light crude oil for 48 h. RNA-Seq was performed to assess the transcriptional changes in both organs. A total of 1073 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in gills; 662 (61.69%) were upregulated, and 411 (38.30%) were downregulated whereas in liver, 515 DEGs; 306 (59.42%) were upregulated, and 209 (40.58%) were downregulated. Xenobiotic metabolism and redox metabolism, along with DNA repair mechanisms, were activated. The induction of hypoxia-regulated genes and the generalized regulation of multiple signaling pathways support the hypothesis that WAF exposition causes a hypoxia-like condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Alejandro Zamora-Briseño
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Unidad Mérida, Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, CP 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Monica Améndola-Pimenta
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Unidad Mérida, Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, CP 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Pereira-Santana
- División de Biotecnología Industrial, CONACYT-Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del estado de Jalisco, Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío, C.P. 45019, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ioreni Margarita Hernández-Velázquez
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Unidad Mérida, Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, CP 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Carlos Eduardo González-Penagos
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Unidad Mérida, Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, CP 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Juan Antonio Pérez-Vega
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Unidad Mérida, Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, CP 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Marcela Del Río-García
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Unidad Mérida, Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, CP 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Flor Árcega-Cabrera
- Unidad de Química Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo S/N, 97356, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Rossanna Rodríguez-Canul
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Unidad Mérida, Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, CORDEMEX, CP 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Biología Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN Unidad Mérida, Antigua carretera a Progreso Km 6., CP 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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19
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Mikdar M, González-Menéndez P, Cai X, Zhang Y, Serra M, Dembele AK, Boschat AC, Sanquer S, Chhuon C, Guerrera IC, Sitbon M, Hermine O, Colin Y, Le Van Kim C, Kinet S, Mohandas N, Xia Y, Peyrard T, Taylor N, Azouzi S. The equilibrative nucleoside transporter ENT1 is critical for nucleotide homeostasis and optimal erythropoiesis. Blood 2021; 137:3548-3562. [PMID: 33690842 PMCID: PMC8225918 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020007281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tight regulation of intracellular nucleotides is critical for the self-renewal and lineage specification of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Nucleosides are major metabolite precursors for nucleotide biosynthesis and their availability in HSCs is dependent on their transport through specific membrane transporters. However, the role of nucleoside transporters in the differentiation of HSCs to the erythroid lineage and in red cell biology remains to be fully defined. Here, we show that the absence of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1) in human red blood cells with a rare Augustine-null blood type is associated with macrocytosis, anisopoikilocytosis, an abnormal nucleotide metabolome, and deregulated protein phosphorylation. A specific role for ENT1 in human erythropoiesis was demonstrated by a defective erythropoiesis of human CD34+ progenitors following short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of ENT1. Furthermore, genetic deletion of ENT1 in mice was associated with reduced erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow, anemia, and macrocytosis. Mechanistically, we found that ENT1-mediated adenosine transport is critical for cyclic adenosine monophosphate homeostasis and the regulation of erythroid transcription factors. Notably, genetic investigation of 2 ENT1null individuals demonstrated a compensation by a loss-of-function variant in the ABCC4 cyclic nucleotide exporter. Indeed, pharmacological inhibition of ABCC4 in Ent1-/- mice rescued erythropoiesis. Overall, our results highlight the importance of ENT1-mediated nucleotide metabolism in erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mikdar
- Université de Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1134, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes Sanguins (CNRGS), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
| | - Pedro González-Menéndez
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Universite Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Xiaoli Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Yujin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Marion Serra
- Université de Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1134, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes Sanguins (CNRGS), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
| | - Abdoul K Dembele
- Université de Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1134, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes Sanguins (CNRGS), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
| | | | - Sylvia Sanquer
- INSERM UMR S1124, Université de Paris, Service de Biochimie Métabolomique et Protéomique, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Cerina Chhuon
- Université de Paris, Proteomics Platform 3P5-Necker, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Ida Chiara Guerrera
- Université de Paris, Proteomics Platform 3P5-Necker, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Marc Sitbon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Universite Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
- Université de Paris, UMR 8147, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Yves Colin
- Université de Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1134, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes Sanguins (CNRGS), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
| | - Caroline Le Van Kim
- Université de Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1134, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes Sanguins (CNRGS), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
| | - Sandrina Kinet
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Universite Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | | | - Yang Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Thierry Peyrard
- Université de Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1134, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes Sanguins (CNRGS), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Universite Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Slim Azouzi
- Université de Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1134, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes Sanguins (CNRGS), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
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20
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Hu H, Wang K, Wang L, Du Y, Chen J, Li Y, Fan C, Li N, Sun Y, Tu S, Lu X, Zhou Z, Cui H. He-Jie-Shen-Shi Decoction as an Adjuvant Therapy on Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort and Potential Mechanistic Study. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:700498. [PMID: 34220524 PMCID: PMC8250425 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.700498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy using Western and traditional Chinese medicines has shown notable effects on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The He-Jie-Shen-Shi decoction (HJSS), composed of Bupleurum chinense DC., Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Makino, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC., and nine other herbs, has been used to treat severe COVID-19 in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacies of HJSS combination therapy and Western monotherapy against severe COVID-19 and to study the potential action mechanism of HJSS. From February 2020 to March 2020, 81 patients with severe COVID-19 in Wuhan Tongji Hospital were selected for retrospective cohort study. Network pharmacology was conducted to predict the possible mechanism of HJSS on COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Targets of active components in HJSS were screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) and PharmMapper databases. The targets of COVID-19 and ARDS were obtained from GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man databases. The key targets of HJSS in COVID-19 and ARDS were obtained based on the protein–protein interaction network (PPI). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis (KEGG) was conducted to predict the pathways related to the targets of HJSS in COVID-19 and ARDS. A “herb-ingredient-target-pathway” network was established using Cytoscape 3.2.7. Results showed that the duration of the negative conversion time of nucleic acid was shorter in patients who received HJSS combination therapy. HJSS combination therapy also relieved fever in patients with severe COVID-19. Network pharmacology analysis identified interleukin (IL) 6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), catalase (CAT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1, tumor protein p53 (TP53), CC-chemokine ligand (CCL2), MAPK3, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), and IL1B as the key targets of HJSS in COVID-19-related ARDS. KEGG analysis suggested that HJSS improved COVID-19-related ARDS by regulating hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1, NOD-like receptor, TNF, T cell receptor, sphingolipid, PI3K-Akt, toll-like receptor, VEGF, FoxO, and MAPK signaling pathways. In conclusion, HJSS can be used as an adjuvant therapy on severe COVID-19. The therapeutic mechanisms may be involved in inhibiting viral replication, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress and alleviating lung injury. Further studies are required to confirm its clinical efficacies and action mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Hu
- Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Li Wang
- Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Yanjun Du
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Chuanbo Fan
- Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Li
- Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Shenghao Tu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuechao Lu
- Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaoshan Zhou
- Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Huantian Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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21
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Cross-Talk Between the Adenylyl Cyclase/cAMP Pathway and Ca 2+ Homeostasis. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 179:73-116. [PMID: 33398503 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP and Ca2+ are the first second or intracellular messengers identified, unveiling the cellular mechanisms activated by a plethora of extracellular signals, including hormones. Cyclic AMP generation is catalyzed by adenylyl cyclases (ACs), which convert ATP into cAMP and pyrophosphate. By the way, Ca2+, as energy, can neither be created nor be destroyed; Ca2+ can only be transported, from one compartment to another, or chelated by a variety of Ca2+-binding molecules. The fine regulation of cytosolic concentrations of cAMP and free Ca2+ is crucial in cell function and there is an intimate cross-talk between both messengers to fine-tune the cellular responses. Cancer is a multifactorial disease resulting from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Frequent cases of cAMP and/or Ca2+ homeostasis remodeling have been described in cancer cells. In those tumoral cells, cAMP and Ca2+ signaling plays a crucial role in the development of hallmarks of cancer, including enhanced proliferation and migration, invasion, apoptosis resistance, or angiogenesis. This review summarizes the cross-talk between the ACs/cAMP and Ca2+ intracellular pathways with special attention to the functional and reciprocal regulation between Orai1 and AC8 in normal and cancer cells.
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22
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Park JH, Kim HJ, Kim CW, Kim HC, Jung Y, Lee HS, Lee Y, Ju YS, Oh JE, Park SH, Lee JH, Lee SK, Lee HK. Tumor hypoxia represses γδ T cell-mediated antitumor immunity against brain tumors. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:336-346. [PMID: 33574616 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-00860-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The anatomic location and immunologic characteristics of brain tumors result in strong lymphocyte suppression. Consequently, conventional immunotherapies targeting CD8 T cells are ineffective against brain tumors. Tumor cells escape immunosurveillance by various mechanisms and tumor cell metabolism can affect the metabolic states and functions of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Here, we discovered that brain tumor cells had a particularly high demand for oxygen, which affected γδ T cell-mediated antitumor immune responses but not those of conventional T cells. Specifically, tumor hypoxia activated the γδ T cell protein kinase A pathway at a transcriptional level, resulting in repression of the activatory receptor NKG2D. Alleviating tumor hypoxia reinvigorated NKG2D expression and the antitumor function of γδ T cells. These results reveal a hypoxia-mediated mechanism through which brain tumors and γδ T cells interact and emphasize the importance of γδ T cells for antitumor immunity against brain tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Brain Neoplasms/genetics
- Brain Neoplasms/immunology
- Brain Neoplasms/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/pathology
- CD8 Antigens/genetics
- CD8 Antigens/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Coculture Techniques
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor delta
- Glioblastoma/genetics
- Glioblastoma/immunology
- Glioblastoma/metabolism
- Glioblastoma/pathology
- Humans
- Intraepithelial Lymphocytes/immunology
- Intraepithelial Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Intraepithelial Lymphocytes/pathology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/genetics
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Escape
- Tumor Hypoxia
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Hyun Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Won Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Cheol Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Jung
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunah Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seok Ju
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Oh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hong Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ki Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Myunggok Medical Research Center, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- BioMedical Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Protein kinase A negatively regulates VEGF-induced AMPK activation by phosphorylating CaMKK2 at serine 495. Biochem J 2021; 477:3453-3469. [PMID: 32869834 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in endothelial cells by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) represents a pro-angiogenic pathway, whose regulation and function is incompletely understood. This study investigates whether the VEGF/AMPK pathway is regulated by cAMP-mediated signalling. We show that cAMP elevation in endothelial cells by forskolin, an activator of the adenylate cyclase, and/or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), an inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, triggers protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of CaMKK2 (serine residues S495, S511) and AMPK (S487). Phosphorylation of CaMKK2 by PKA led to an inhibition of its activity as measured in CaMKK2 immunoprecipitates of forskolin/IBMX-treated cells. This inhibition was linked to phosphorylation of S495, since it was not seen in cells expressing a non-phosphorylatable CaMKK2 S495C mutant. Phosphorylation of S511 alone in these cells was not able to inhibit CaMKK2 activity. Moreover, phosphorylation of AMPK at S487 was not sufficient to inhibit VEGF-induced AMPK activation in cells, in which PKA-mediated CaMKK2 inhibition was prevented by expression of the CaMKK2 S495C mutant. cAMP elevation in endothelial cells reduced basal and VEGF-induced acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation at S79 even if AMPK was not inhibited. Together, this study reveals a novel regulatory mechanism of VEGF-induced AMPK activation by cAMP/PKA, which may explain, in part, inhibitory effects of PKA on angiogenic sprouting and play a role in balancing pro- and anti-angiogenic mechanisms in order to ensure functional angiogenesis.
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Srinivasalu N, Zhang S, Xu R, Reinach PS, Su Y, Zhu Y, Qu J, Zhou X. Crosstalk between EP2 and PPARα Modulates Hypoxic Signaling and Myopia Development in Guinea Pigs. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:44. [PMID: 32725213 PMCID: PMC7425689 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.8.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) levels mediate extracellular matrix (ECM) changes by altering the levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in various tissues. We aimed to determine, in the sclera of guinea pigs, whether a prostanoid receptor (EP2)-linked cAMP modulation affects PPARα and HIF-1α signaling during myopia. Methods Three-week-old guinea pigs (n = 20 in each group), were monocularly injected with either an EP2 agonist (butaprost 1 µmol/L/10 µmol/L), an antagonist (AH6809 10 µmol/L/30 µmol/L) or a vehicle solution for two weeks during normal ocular growth. Separate sets of animals received these injections and underwent form deprivation (FD) simultaneously. Refraction and axial length (AL) were measured at two weeks, followed by scleral tissue isolation for quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis (n = 10) and cAMP detection (n = 10) using a radioimmunoassay. Results Butaprost induced myopia development during normal ocular growth, with proportional increases in AL and cAMP levels. FD did not augment the magnitude of myopia or cAMP elevations in these agonist-injected eyes. AH6809 suppressed cAMP increases and myopia progression during FD, but had no effect in a normal visual environment. Of the diverse set of 27 genes related to cAMP, PPARα and HIF-1α signaling and ECM remodeling, butaprost differentially regulated 15 of them during myopia development. AH6809 injections during FD negated such differential gene expressions. Conclusion EP2 agonism increased cAMP and HIF-1α signaling subsequent to declines in PPARα and RXR mRNA levels, which in turn decreased scleral fibrosis and promoted myopia. EP2 antagonism instead inhibited each of these responses. Our data suggest that EP2 suppression may sustain scleral ECM structure and inhibit myopia development.
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25
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Impairment of Hypoxia-Induced CA IX by Beta-Blocker Propranolol-Impact on Progression and Metastatic Potential of Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228760. [PMID: 33228233 PMCID: PMC7699498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coexistence of cancer and other concomitant diseases is very frequent and has substantial implications for treatment decisions and outcomes. Beta-blockers, agents that block the beta-adrenergic receptors, have been related also to cancers. In the model of multicellular spheroids formed by colorectal cancer cells we described a crosstalk between beta-blockade by propranolol and tumour microenvironment. Non-selective beta-blocker propranolol decreased ability of tumour cells to adapt to hypoxia by reducing levels of HIF1α and carbonic anhydrase IX in 3D spheroids. We indicated a double action of propranolol in the tumour microenvironment by inhibiting the stability of HIF1α, thus mediating decrease of CA IX expression and, at the same time, by its possible effect on CA IX activity by decreasing the activity of protein kinase A (PKA). Moreover, the inhibition of β-adrenoreceptors by propranolol enhanced apoptosis, decreased number of mitochondria and lowered the amount of proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation (V-ATP5A, IV-COX2, III-UQCRC2, II-SDHB, I-NDUFB8). Propranolol reduced metastatic potential, viability and proliferation of colorectal cancer cells cultivated in multicellular spheroids. To choose the right treatment strategy, it is extremely important to know how the treatment of concomitant diseases affects the superior microenvironment that is directly related to the efficiency of anti-cancer therapy
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26
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Simko V, Belvoncikova P, Csaderova L, Labudova M, Grossmannova K, Zatovicova M, Kajanova I, Skultety L, Barathova M, Pastorek J. PIMT Binding to C-Terminal Ala459 of CAIX Is Involved in Inside-Out Signaling Necessary for Its Catalytic Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228545. [PMID: 33198416 PMCID: PMC7696048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a unique member of the α carbonic anhydrase family, is a transmembrane glycoprotein with high enzymatic activity by which CAIX contributes to tumorigenesis through pH regulation. Due to its aberrant expression, CAIX is considered to be a marker of tumor hypoxia and a poor prognostic factor of several human cancers. Hypoxia-activated catalytic function of CAIX is dependent on posttranslational modification of its short intracellular domain. In this work, we have identified that C-terminal Ala459 residue, which is common across CAIX of various species as well as additional transmembrane isoforms, plays an important role in CAIX activation and in pH regulation. Moreover, structure prediction I-TASSER analysis revealed involvement of Ala459 in potential ligand binding. Using tandem mass spectrometry, Protein-L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT) was identified as a novel interacting partner, further confirmed by an in vitro pulldown assay and an in situ proximity ligation assay. Indeed, suppression of PIMT led to increased alkalinization of culture media of C33a cells constitutively expressing CAIX in hypoxia. We suggest that binding of PIMT represents a novel intracellular signal required for enzymatic activity of CAIX with a potential unidentified downstream function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Simko
- Department of Tumor Biology, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.S.); (P.B.); (L.C.); (M.L.); (K.G.); (M.Z.); (I.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Petra Belvoncikova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.S.); (P.B.); (L.C.); (M.L.); (K.G.); (M.Z.); (I.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Lucia Csaderova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.S.); (P.B.); (L.C.); (M.L.); (K.G.); (M.Z.); (I.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Martina Labudova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.S.); (P.B.); (L.C.); (M.L.); (K.G.); (M.Z.); (I.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Katarina Grossmannova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.S.); (P.B.); (L.C.); (M.L.); (K.G.); (M.Z.); (I.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Miriam Zatovicova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.S.); (P.B.); (L.C.); (M.L.); (K.G.); (M.Z.); (I.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Ivana Kajanova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.S.); (P.B.); (L.C.); (M.L.); (K.G.); (M.Z.); (I.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Ludovit Skultety
- Department of Rickettsiology, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Monika Barathova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.S.); (P.B.); (L.C.); (M.L.); (K.G.); (M.Z.); (I.K.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-5930-2461
| | - Jaromir Pastorek
- Department of Tumor Biology, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.S.); (P.B.); (L.C.); (M.L.); (K.G.); (M.Z.); (I.K.); (J.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia
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The Regulatory Properties of the Ccr4-Not Complex. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112379. [PMID: 33138308 PMCID: PMC7692201 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian Ccr4–Not complex, carbon catabolite repression 4 (Ccr4)-negative on TATA-less (Not), is a large, highly conserved, multifunctional assembly of proteins that acts at different cellular levels to regulate gene expression. In the nucleus, it is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, chromatin modification, activation and inhibition of transcription initiation, control of transcription elongation, RNA export, nuclear RNA surveillance, and DNA damage repair. In the cytoplasm, the Ccr4–Not complex plays a central role in mRNA decay and affects protein quality control. Most of our original knowledge of the Ccr4–Not complex is derived, primarily, from studies in yeast. More recent studies have shown that the mammalian complex has a comparable structure and similar properties. In this review, we summarize the evidence for the multiple roles of both the yeast and mammalian Ccr4–Not complexes, highlighting their similarities.
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Abstract
Multiple research groups have demonstrated that the outcome of patients receiving liver grafts from brain death donors (DBD) is poorer when compared with patients receiving grafts from living donors. This might be due to an increased hepatocyte apoptosis induced after brain death (BD). In this work, we found that the activity of PP2A-Akt pathway is significantly increased in clinical donor ex vivo hepatocytes after BD by iTRAQ protein quantification analysis. The same results were confirmed in animal models. A time-dependent promotion of apoptosis was also found in DBD rabbit liver, as demonstrated by the increased levels of cleaved Caspase 3 and the decreased of Bcl-2. To further investigate the roles of PP2A and Akt in regulating apoptosis of hepatocytes after BD, we cultivated human liver cell line L02 with serum deprivation and hypoxia, to simulate the ischemic and hypoxic conditions of hepatocytes in DBD. Increased apoptosis and decreased viability were observed during the time in this model. Meanwhile PP2A activity and Akt activity were respectively increased and decreased. Notably, the proportion of Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 decreased, while other known targets of PP2A (p38, JNK and ERK) were not affected in terms of protein levels or phosphorylation. These results suggested that PP2A is involved in apoptotic induction of hepatocytes after brain death by specific suppression of Akt. This discovery was further confirmed with pharmaceutical and genetic methods. Our work implied potential targets for reducing liver cell apoptosis and improving organ donor quality after BD.
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Sussman CR, Wang X, Chebib FT, Torres VE. Modulation of polycystic kidney disease by G-protein coupled receptors and cyclic AMP signaling. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109649. [PMID: 32335259 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a systemic disorder associated with polycystic liver disease (PLD) and other extrarenal manifestations, the most common monogenic cause of end-stage kidney disease, and a major burden for public health. Many studies have shown that alterations in G-protein and cAMP signaling play a central role in its pathogenesis. As for many other diseases (35% of all approved drugs target G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) or proteins functioning upstream or downstream from GPCRs), treatments targeting GPCR have shown effectiveness in slowing the rate of progression of ADPKD. Tolvaptan, a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist is the first drug approved by regulatory agencies to treat rapidly progressive ADPKD. Long-acting somatostatin analogs have also been effective in slowing the rates of growth of polycystic kidneys and liver. Although no treatment has so far been able to prevent the development or stop the progression of the disease, these encouraging advances point to G-protein and cAMP signaling as a promising avenue of investigation that may lead to more effective and safe treatments. This will require a better understanding of the relevant GPCRs, G-proteins, cAMP effectors, and of the enzymes and A-kinase anchoring proteins controlling the compartmentalization of cAMP signaling. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of general GPCR signaling; the function of polycystin-1 (PC1) as a putative atypical adhesion GPCR (aGPCR); the roles of PC1, polycystin-2 (PC2) and the PC1-PC2 complex in the regulation of calcium and cAMP signaling; the cross-talk of calcium and cAMP signaling in PKD; and GPCRs, adenylyl cyclases, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, and protein kinase A as therapeutic targets in ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline R Sussman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Fouad T Chebib
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Vicente E Torres
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
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30
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Cell repopulation, rewiring metabolism, and immune regulation in cancer radiotherapy. RADIATION MEDICINE AND PROTECTION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Carbonic Anhydrase IX-Mouse versus Human. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010246. [PMID: 31905844 PMCID: PMC6982145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to human carbonic anhydrase IX (hCA IX) that has been extensively studied with respect to its molecular and functional properties as well as regulation and expression, the mouse ortholog has been investigated primarily in relation to tissue distribution and characterization of CA IX-deficient mice. Thus, no data describing transcriptional regulation and functional properties of the mouse CA IX (mCA IX) have been published so far, despite its evident potential as a biomarker/target in pre-clinical animal models of tumor hypoxia. Here, we investigated for the first time, the transcriptional regulation of the Car9 gene with a detailed description of its promoter. Moreover, we performed a functional analysis of the mCA IX protein focused on pH regulation, cell-cell adhesion, and migration. Finally, we revealed an absence of a soluble extracellular form of mCA IX and provided the first experimental evidence of mCA IX presence in exosomes. In conclusion, though the protein characteristics of hCA IX and mCA IX are highly similar, and the transcription of both genes is predominantly governed by hypoxia, some attributes of transcriptional regulation are specific for either human or mouse and as such, could result in different tissue expression and data interpretation.
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He L, Shi X, Chen R, Wu Z, Yang Z, Li Z. Association of Mental Health-Related Proteins DAXX, DRD3, and DISC1 With the Progression and Prognosis of Chondrosarcoma. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:134. [PMID: 31850367 PMCID: PMC6888811 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the second most common malignant bone tumor. Current therapies remain ineffective, resulting in poor prognoses. Biomarkers for chondrosarcoma and predictors of its prognosis have not been established. Mental health-related proteins have been associated with the pathogenesis, progression, and prognosis of many cancers, but their association with chondrosarcoma has not been reported. In this study, the expression and clinicopathological significance of the mental health-related proteins DAXX, DRD3, and DISC1 in chondrosarcoma tissue samples were examined, over an 84-months follow-up period. In immunohistochemical analysis, the rates of positive DAXX, DRD3, and DISC1 expression were significantly higher in chondrosarcoma than in osteochondroma tissue (P < 0.01). The percentages of positive DAXX, DRD3, and DISC1 expression were significantly lower in tissues with good differentiation (P < 0.01), AJCC stage I/ II (P < 0.01), Enneking stage I (P < 0.01), and non-metastasis (P < 0.05), respectively. In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, significantly shorter mean survival times were associated with moderate and poor differentiation (P = 0.000), AJCC stage III/IV (P = 0.000), Enneking stage II/III (P = 0.000), metastasis (P = 0.019), invasion (P = 0.013), and positive DAXX (P = 0.012), and/or DRD3 (P = 0.018) expression. In Cox regression analysis, moderate and poor differentiation (P = 0.006), AJCC stage III/IV (P = 0.013), Enneking stage II/III (P = 0.016), metastasis (P = 0.033), invasion (P = 0.011), and positive DAXX (P = 0.033), and/or DRD3 (P = 0.025) staining correlated negatively with the postoperative survival rate and positively with mortality. In competing-risks regression analysis, differentiation (P = 0.005), metastasis (P = 0.014), invasion (P = 0.028), AJCC stage (P = 0.003), Enneking stage (P = 0.036), and DAXX (P = 0.039), and DRD3(P = 0.019) expression were independent predictors of death from chondrosarcoma. The areas under receiver operating characteristic curves for DAXX, DRD3, and DISC1 expression were 0.673 (95% CI, 0.557-0.788; P = 0.010), 0.670 (95% CI, 0.556-0.784; P = 0.011), and 0.688 (95% CI, 0.573-0.802; P = 0.005), respectively. These results suggest that DAXX, DRD3, and DISC1 could serve as biomarkers of chondrosarcoma progression and predictors of its prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lile He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyu Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengchun Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhulin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Changsha, China
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Human Ovarian Cancer Tissue Exhibits Increase of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Cristae Remodeling. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091350. [PMID: 31547300 PMCID: PMC6770021 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer characterized by an elevated apoptosis resistance that, potentially, leads to chemo-resistance in the recurrent disease. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was found altered in OC, and mitochondria were proposed as a target for therapy. Molecular evidence suggests that the deregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, morphology, dynamics, and apoptosis is involved in carcinogenesis. However, these mitochondrial processes remain to be investigated in OC. Eighteen controls and 16 OC tissues (serous and mucinous) were collected. Enzymatic activities were performed spectrophotometrically, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content was measured by real-time-PCR, protein levels were determined by Western blotting, and mitochondrial number and structure were measured by electron microscopy. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and principal component analysis (PCA). We found, in OC, that increased mitochondrial number associated with increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) protein levels, as well as mtDNA content. The OC mitochondria presented an increased maximum length, as well as reduced cristae width and junction diameter, associated with increased optic atrophy 1 protein (OPA1) and prohibitin 2 (PHB2) protein levels. In addition, in OC tissues, augmented cAMP and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) protein levels were observed. PCA of the 25 analyzed biochemical parameters classified OC patients in a distinct group from controls. We highlight a “mitochondrial signature” in OC that could result from cooperation of the cAMP pathway with the SIRT3, OPA1, and PHB2 proteins.
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Sikarwar AS, Hinton M, Santhosh KT, Dhanaraj P, Talabis M, Chelikani P, Dakshinamurti S. Hypoxia inhibits adenylyl cyclase catalytic activity in a porcine model of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L933-L944. [PMID: 30234376 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00130.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) features hypoxemia, pulmonary vasoconstriction, and impaired cardiac inotropy. We previously reported low basal and stimulated cAMP in hypoxic pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). We now examine pulmonary arterial adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity and regulation in hypoxic PPHN. PPHN was induced in newborn swine by normobaric hypoxia (fraction of inspired oxygen 0.10) for 72 h and compared with age-matched normoxic controls. We studied relaxation of pulmonary arterial (PA) rings to AC activator forskolin and cGMP activator sodium nitroprusside (SNP) by isometric myography, ATP content, phosphodiesterase activity, AC content, isoform expression, and catalytic activity in presence or absence of Gαs-coupled receptor agonists, forskolin, or transnitrosylating agents in human and neonatal porcine PASMCs and HEK293T stably expressing AC isoform 6, after 72 h hypoxia (10% O2) or normoxia (21% O2). Relaxation to forskolin and SNP were equally impaired in PPHN PA. AC-specific activity decreased in hypoxia. PASMC from PPHN swine had reduced AC activity despite exposure to normoxia in culture; transient hypoxia in vitro further decreased AC activity. Prostacyclin receptor ligand affinity decreased, but its association with Gαs increased in hypoxia. Total AC content was unchanged by hypoxia, but AC6 increased in hypoxic cells and PPHN pulmonary arteries. Impairment of AC6 activity in hypoxia was associated with nitrosylation. PPHN PA relaxation is impaired because of loss of AC activity. Hypoxic AC is inhibited because of S-nitrosylation; inhibition persists after removal from hypoxia. Downregulation of AC-mediated relaxation in hypoxic PA has implications for utility of Gαs-coupled receptor agonists in PPHN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Sikarwar
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada.,Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
| | - M Hinton
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
| | - K T Santhosh
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
| | - P Dhanaraj
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada.,Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
| | - M Talabis
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
| | - P Chelikani
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada.,Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
| | - S Dakshinamurti
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
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Baroni MD, Colombo S, Martegani E. Antagonism between salicylate and the cAMP signal controls yeast cell survival and growth recovery from quiescence. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2018; 5:344-356. [PMID: 29992130 PMCID: PMC6035838 DOI: 10.15698/mic2018.07.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin and its main metabolite salicylate are promising molecules in preventing cancer and metabolic diseases. S. cerevisiae cells have been used to study some of their effects: (i) salicylate induces the reversible inhibition of both glucose transport and the biosyntheses of glucose-derived sugar phosphates, (ii) Aspirin/salicylate causes apoptosis associated with superoxide radical accumulation or early cell necrosis in MnSOD-deficient cells growing in ethanol or in glucose, respectively. So, treatment with (acetyl)-salicylic acid can alter the yeast metabolism and is associated with cell death. We describe here the dramatic effects of salicylate on cellular control of the exit from a quiescence state. The growth recovery of long-term stationary phase cells was strongly inhibited in the presence of salicylate, to a degree proportional to the drug concentration. At high salicylate concentration, growth reactivation was completely repressed and associated with a dramatic loss of cell viability. Strikingly, both of these phenotypes were fully suppressed by increasing the cAMP signal without any variation of the exponential growth rate. Upon nutrient exhaustion, salicylate induced a premature lethal cell cycle arrest in the budded-G2/M phase that cannot be suppressed by PKA activation. We discuss how the dramatic antagonism between cAMP and salicylate could be conserved and impinge common targets in yeast and humans. Targeting quiescence of cancer cells with stem-like properties and their growth recovery from dormancy are major challenges in cancer therapy. If mechanisms underlying cAMP-salicylate antagonism will be defined in our model, this might have significant therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Enzo Martegani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
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