1
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Zhang X, Si Y, Zhang L, Wen X, Yang C, Wang L, Song L. Involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptors in regulation of immune response in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109709. [PMID: 38901684 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) play a pivotal role in the neuroendocrine-immune regulation. In this study, eight mGluRs were identified in the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas, which were classified into three subfamilies based on genetic similarity. All CgmGluRs harbor variable numbers of PBP1 domains at the N-terminus. The sequence and structural features of CgmGluRs are highly similar to mGluRs in other species. A uniformly upregulated expression of CgmGluRs was observed during D-shaped larval stage compared to early D-shaped larval stage. The transcripts of CgmGluRs were detectable in various tissues of oyster. Different CgmGluR exhibited diverse expression patterns response against different PAMP stimulations, among which CgmGluR5 was significantly downregulated under these stimulations, reflecting its sensitivity and broad-spectrum responsiveness to microbes. Following LPS stimulation, the mRNA expression of CgmGluR5 and CgCALM1 in haemocytes was suppressed within 6 h and returned to normal levels by 12 h. Inhibition of CgmGluR5 activity resulted in a significant reduction in CgCALM1 expression after 12 h. Further KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that CgmGluR5 might modulate calcium ion homeostasis and metabolic pathways by regulating CgCALM1. This research delivers the systematic analysis of mGluR in the Pacific Oyster, offering insights into evolutionary characteristics and immunoregulatory function of mGluR in mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshu Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yiran Si
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linfang Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chuanyan Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
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2
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Ren J, Yang T, Liu H, Ma P, Zhou M, Li J, Li T, Sun J, He W, Xu L, Dai SS, Liu YW. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 promotes blood-brain barrier recovery after traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114691. [PMID: 38224942 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment and glutamate release are two pathophysiological features of traumatic brain injury (TBI), contributing to secondary brain damage and neuroinflammation. However, our knowledge of BBB integrity damage and dysfunction are still limited due to the diverse and fluctuating expression of glutamate receptors after trauma. Here, we confirmed the downregulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) on microvascular endothelial cell within the acute phase of TBI, and the recovered mGluR5 levels on BBB was positively associated with blood perfusion and neurological recovery. In whole body mGluR5-knockout mice, BBB dysfunction and neurological deficiency were exacerbated after TBI compared with wild type mice. In terms of mechanism, the amino acid sequence 201-259 of cytoskeletal protein Alpha-actinin-1 (ACTN1) interacted with mGluR5, facilitating mGluR5 translocation from cytoplasmic compartment to plasma membrane in endothelial cells. Activation of plasma membrane mGluR5 triggers the PLC/PKCμ/c-Jun signaling pathway, leading to increased expression of the tight junction-actin cytoskeleton connecting protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). Our findings uncover a novel mechanism mediated by membrane and cytoplasmic mGluR5 in endothelial cell integrity maintenance and repair, providing the potential therapeutic target for TBI treatment targeting at mGluR5 and mGluR5/ACTN1 complex in BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakui Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Teng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Heting Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Pengjiao Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiabo Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jianbin Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wenhui He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lunshan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
| | - Shuang-Shuang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Yang-Wuyue Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
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3
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Ciechanowska A, Mika J. CC Chemokine Family Members' Modulation as a Novel Approach for Treating Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System Injury-A Review of Clinical and Experimental Findings. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3788. [PMID: 38612597 PMCID: PMC11011591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in modern medicine and pharmacology, damage to the nervous system with various etiologies still poses a challenge to doctors and scientists. Injuries lead to neuroimmunological changes in the central nervous system (CNS), which may result in both secondary damage and the development of tactile and thermal hypersensitivity. In our review, based on the analysis of many experimental and clinical studies, we indicate that the mechanisms occurring both at the level of the brain after direct damage and at the level of the spinal cord after peripheral nerve damage have a common immunological basis. This suggests that there are opportunities for similar pharmacological therapeutic interventions in the damage of various etiologies. Experimental data indicate that after CNS/PNS damage, the levels of 16 among the 28 CC-family chemokines, i.e., CCL1, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL6, CCL7, CCL8, CCL9, CCL11, CCL12, CCL17, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, and CCL22, increase in the brain and/or spinal cord and have strong proinflammatory and/or pronociceptive effects. According to the available literature data, further investigation is still needed for understanding the role of the remaining chemokines, especially six of them which were found in humans but not in mice/rats, i.e., CCL13, CCL14, CCL15, CCL16, CCL18, and CCL23. Over the past several years, the results of studies in which available pharmacological tools were used indicated that blocking individual receptors, e.g., CCR1 (J113863 and BX513), CCR2 (RS504393, CCX872, INCB3344, and AZ889), CCR3 (SB328437), CCR4 (C021 and AZD-2098), and CCR5 (maraviroc, AZD-5672, and TAK-220), has beneficial effects after damage to both the CNS and PNS. Recently, experimental data have proved that blockades exerted by double antagonists CCR1/3 (UCB 35625) and CCR2/5 (cenicriviroc) have very good anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. In addition, both single (J113863, RS504393, SB328437, C021, and maraviroc) and dual (cenicriviroc) chemokine receptor antagonists enhanced the analgesic effect of opioid drugs. This review will display the evidence that a multidirectional strategy based on the modulation of neuronal-glial-immune interactions can significantly improve the health of patients after CNS and PNS damage by changing the activity of chemokines belonging to the CC family. Moreover, in the case of pain, the combined administration of such antagonists with opioid drugs could reduce therapeutic doses and minimize the risk of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Mika
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Str., 31-343 Kraków, Poland;
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4
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Kopach O, Sylantyev S, Bard L, Michaluk P, Heller JP, Gutierrez del Arroyo A, Ackland GL, Gourine AV, Rusakov DA. Human neutrophils communicate remotely via calcium-dependent glutamate-induced glutamate release. iScience 2023; 26:107236. [PMID: 37496680 PMCID: PMC10366500 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are white blood cells that are critical to acute inflammatory and adaptive immune responses. Their swarming-pattern behavior is controlled by multiple cellular cascades involving calcium-dependent release of various signaling molecules. Previous studies have reported that neutrophils express glutamate receptors and can release glutamate but evidence of direct neutrophil-neutrophil communication has been elusive. Here, we hold semi-suspended cultured human neutrophils in patch-clamp whole-cell mode to find that calcium mobilization induced by stimulating one neutrophil can trigger an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-driven membrane current and calcium signal in neighboring neutrophils. We employ an enzymatic-based imaging assay to image, in real time, glutamate release from neutrophils induced by glutamate released from their neighbors. These observations provide direct evidence for a positive-feedback inter-neutrophil communication that could contribute to mechanisms regulating communal neutrophil behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kopach
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Sergyi Sylantyev
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Lucie Bard
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Piotr Michaluk
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- BRAINCITY, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janosch P. Heller
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Ana Gutierrez del Arroyo
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Gareth L. Ackland
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Alexander V. Gourine
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Dmitri A. Rusakov
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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5
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Balbi M, Bonanno G, Bonifacino T, Milanese M. The Physio-Pathological Role of Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Expressed by Microglia in Health and Disease with a Focus on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065240. [PMID: 36982315 PMCID: PMC10048889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia cells are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system. They act as the first-line immune guardians of nervous tissue and central drivers of neuroinflammation. Any homeostatic alteration that can compromise neuron and tissue integrity could activate microglia. Once activated, microglia exhibit highly diverse phenotypes and functions related to either beneficial or harmful consequences. Microglia activation is associated with the release of protective or deleterious cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors that can in turn determine defensive or pathological outcomes. This scenario is complicated by the pathology-related specific phenotypes that microglia can assume, thus leading to the so-called disease-associated microglia phenotypes. Microglia express several receptors that regulate the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory features, sometimes exerting opposite actions on microglial functions according to specific conditions. In this context, group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are molecular structures that may contribute to the modulation of the reactive phenotype of microglia cells, and this is worthy of exploration. Here, we summarize the role of group I mGluRs in shaping microglia cells' phenotype in specific physio-pathological conditions, including some neurodegenerative disorders. A significant section of the review is specifically focused on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) since it represents an entirely unexplored topic of research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Balbi
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bonifacino
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Milanese
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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6
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Zhang Y, Sun C, Li Y, Qin J, Amancherla K, Jing Y, Hu Q, Liang K, Zhang Z, Ye Y, Huang LA, Nguyen TK, Egranov SD, Zhao Z, Wu A, Xi Y, Yao J, Hung MC, Calin GA, Cheng J, Lim B, Lehmann LH, Salem JE, Johnson DB, Curran MA, Yu D, Han L, Darabi R, Yang L, Moslehi JJ, Lin C. Hormonal therapies up-regulate MANF and overcome female susceptibility to immune checkpoint inhibitor myocarditis. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabo1981. [PMID: 36322628 PMCID: PMC9809130 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been increasingly used in combination for cancer treatment but are associated with myocarditis. Here, we report that tumor-bearing mice exhibited response to treatment with combinatorial anti-programmed cell death 1 and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 antibodies but also presented with cardiovascular toxicities observed clinically with ICI therapy, including myocarditis and arrhythmia. Female mice were preferentially affected with myocarditis compared to male mice, consistent with a previously described genetic model of ICI myocarditis and emerging clinical data. Mechanistically, myocardial tissue from ICI-treated mice, the genetic mouse model, and human heart tissue from affected patients with ICI myocarditis all exhibited down-regulation of MANF (mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor) and HSPA5 (heat shock 70-kDa protein 5) in the heart; this down-regulation was particularly notable in female mice. ICI myocarditis was amplified by heart-specific genetic deletion of mouse Manf and was attenuated by administration of recombinant MANF protein, suggesting a causal role. Ironically, both MANF and HSPA5 were transcriptionally induced by liganded estrogen receptor β and inhibited by androgen receptor. However, ICI treatment reduced serum estradiol concentration to a greater extent in female compared to male mice. Treatment with an estrogen receptor β-specific agonist and androgen depletion therapy attenuated ICI-associated cardiac effects. Together, our data suggest that ICI treatment inhibits estradiol-dependent expression of MANF/HSPA5 in the heart, curtailing the cardiomyocyte response to immune injury. This endocrine-cardiac-immune pathway offers new insights into the mechanisms of sex differences in cardiac disease and may offer treatment strategies for ICI myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohua Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10069, China.,Corresponding author. (Y.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.J.M.); and (C.L.)
| | - Chengcao Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yajuan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Current address: Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Juan Qin
- Section of Cardio-Oncology & Immunology, Division of Cardiology and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Kaushik Amancherla
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University of Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Ying Jing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qingsong Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Current address: The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, P.R. China
| | - Ke Liang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Youqiong Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lisa A. Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tina K. Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sergey D. Egranov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Andrew Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yutao Xi
- Texas Heart Institute, St. Luke’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - George A. Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jie Cheng
- Texas Heart Institute, St. Luke’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bora Lim
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lorenz H. Lehmann
- Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Cardio-Oncology Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cardiovascular Research Center (DZHK), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joe-Elie Salem
- Deprtment of Pharmacology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CIC-1901, UNICO-GRECO Cardiooncology Program, Paris, France
| | - Douglas B. Johnson
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Michael A. Curran
- Department of Immunology and Scientific Director of the Oncology Research for Biologics and Immunotherapy Translation (ORBIT), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dihua Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Leng Han
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Radbod Darabi
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Corresponding author. (Y.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.J.M.); and (C.L.)
| | - Javid J. Moslehi
- Section of Cardio-Oncology & Immunology, Division of Cardiology and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA,Corresponding author. (Y.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.J.M.); and (C.L.)
| | - Chunru Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Corresponding author. (Y.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.J.M.); and (C.L.)
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7
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Liu YW, Zhang J, Bi W, Zhou M, Li J, Xiong T, Yang N, Zhao L, Chen X, Zhou Y, He W, Yang T, Wang H, Xu L, Dai SS. Histones of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induce CD11b Expression in Brain Pericytes Via Dectin-1 after Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:1199-1214. [PMID: 35819574 PMCID: PMC9554061 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain pericyte is a unique and indispensable part of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and contributes to several pathological processes in traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which pericytes are regulated in the damaged brain are largely unknown. Here, we show that the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) induces the appearance of CD11b+ pericytes after TBI. These CD11b+ pericyte subsets are characterized by increased permeability and pro-inflammatory profiles compared to CD11b- pericytes. Moreover, histones from NETs by Dectin-1 facilitate CD11b induction in brain pericytes in PKC-c-Jun dependent manner, resulting in neuroinflammation and BBB dysfunction after TBI. These data indicate that neutrophil-NET-pericyte and histone-Dectin-1-CD11b are possible mechanisms for the activation and dysfunction of pericytes. Targeting NETs formation and Dectin-1 are promising means of treating TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Wuyue Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Wanda Bi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Brigade 1 of Medical Undergraduates, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Battalion 1, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jiabo Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Tiantian Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yuanguo Zhou
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Wenhui He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Teng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Lunshan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Shuang-Shuang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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8
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Characterization of a mGluR5 Knockout Rat Model with Hallmarks of Fragile X Syndrome. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091308. [PMID: 36143345 PMCID: PMC9504063 DOI: 10.3390/life12091308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of reported cases of neurodevelopmental disorders has increased significantly in the last few decades, but the etiology of these diseases remains poorly understood. There is evidence of a fundamental link between genetic abnormalities and symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), and the most common monogenetic inheritable form of ASDs is Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). Previous studies indicate that FXS is linked to glutamate signaling regulation by the G-protein-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), which has been shown to have a regulatory role in neuroinflammation. We characterized the effect of knocking out mGluR5 in an organism known to have complex cognitive functions—the rat. The heterozygous phenotype is the most clinically relevant; therefore, we performed analysis in heterozygous pups. We showed developmental abnormalities in heterozygous mGluR5 knockout rats, as well as a significant increase in chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL) expression, a hallmark indicator of early onset inflammation. We quantified an increase in microglial density in the knockout pups and quantified morphological phenotypes representative of greater reactivity in the male vs. female and postnatal day 28 heterozygous pups compared to postnatal day 14 heterozygous pups. In response to injury, reactive microglia release matrix metalloproteases, contribute to extracellular matrix (ECM) breakdown, and are responsible for eradicating cellular and molecular debris. In our study, the changes in microglial density and reactivity correlated with abnormalities in the mRNA expression levels of ECM proteins and with the density of perineuronal nets. We saw atypical neuropsychiatric behavior in open field and elevated plus tests in heterozygous pups compared to wild-type litter and age-matched controls. These results demonstrate the pathological potential of the mGluR5 knockout in rats and further support the presence of neuroinflammatory roots in ASDs.
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9
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Li W, Cao F, Takase H, Arai K, Lo EH, Lok J. Blood-Brain Barrier Mechanisms in Stroke and Trauma. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2022; 273:267-293. [PMID: 33580391 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The brain microenvironment is tightly regulated. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is composed of cerebral endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes, plays an important role in maintaining the brain homeostasis by regulating the transport of both beneficial and detrimental substances between circulating blood and brain parenchyma. After brain injury and disease, BBB tightness becomes dysregulated, thus leading to inflammation and secondary brain damage. In this chapter, we overview the fundamental mechanisms of BBB damage and repair after stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Understanding these mechanisms may lead to therapeutic opportunities for brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Li
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fang Cao
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hajime Takase
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Josephine Lok
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Inampudi C, Ciccotosto GD, Cappai R, Crack PJ. Genetic Modulators of Traumatic Brain Injury in Animal Models and the Impact of Sex-Dependent Effects. J Neurotrauma 2021; 37:706-723. [PMID: 32027210 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health problem causing disability and death worldwide. There is no effective treatment, due in part to the complexity of the injury pathology and factors affecting its outcome. The extent of brain injury depends on the type of insult, age, sex, lifestyle, genetic risk factors, socioeconomic status, other co-injuries, and underlying health problems. This review discusses the genes that have been directly tested in TBI models, and whether their effects are known to be sex-dependent. Sex differences can affect the incidence, symptom onset, pathology, and clinical outcomes following injury. Adult males are more susceptible at the acute phase and females show greater injury in the chronic phase. TBI is not restricted to a single sex; despite variations in the degree of symptom onset and severity, it is important to consider both female and male animals in TBI pre-clinical research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya Inampudi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Giuseppe D Ciccotosto
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roberto Cappai
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Crack
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Targeting the dysfunction of glutamate receptors for the development of novel antidepressants. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 226:107875. [PMID: 33901503 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that dysfunction of glutamate receptors is involved in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Although accumulating efforts have been made to elucidate the applications and mechanisms underlying antidepressant-like effects of ketamine, a non-selective antagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), the role of specific glutamate receptor subunit in regulating depression is not completely clear. The current review aims to discuss the relationships between glutamate receptor subunits and depressive-like behaviors. Research literatures were searched from inception to July 2020. We summarized the alterations of glutamate receptor subunits in patients with MDD and animal models of depression. Animal behaviors in response to dysfunction of glutamate receptor subunits were also surveyed. To fully understand mechanisms underlying antidepressant-like effects of modulators targeting glutamate receptors, we discussed effects of each glutamate receptor subunit on serotonin system, synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis and neuroinflammation. Finally, we collected most recent clinical applications of glutamate receptor modulators and pointed out the limitations of these candidates in the treatment of MDD.
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12
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Oliveira TPD, Gonçalves BDC, Oliveira BS, de Oliveira ACP, Reis HJ, Ferreira CN, Aguiar DC, de Miranda AS, Ribeiro FM, Vieira EML, Palotás A, Vieira LB. Negative Modulation of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Type 5 as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Obesity and Binge-Like Eating Behavior. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:631311. [PMID: 33642987 PMCID: PMC7902877 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.631311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease, which in turn contributes to the onset of comorbidities, such as diabetes and atherosclerosis. Moreover, there are only few options available for treating obesity, and most current pharmacotherapy causes severe adverse effects, while offering minimal weight loss. Literature shows that metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) modulates central reward pathways. Herein, we evaluated the effect of VU0409106, a negative allosteric modulator (NAM) of mGluR5 in regulating feeding and obesity parameters. Diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice were treated for 14 days with VU0409106, and food intake, body weight, inflammatory/hormonal levels, and behavioral tests were performed. Our data suggest reduction of feeding, body weight, and adipose tissue inflammation in mice treated with high-fat diet (HFD) after chronic treatment with VU0409106. Furthermore, a negative modulation of mGluR5 also reduces binge-like eating, the most common type of eating disorder. Altogether, our results pointed out mGluR5 as a potential target for treating obesity, as well as related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeu P. D. Oliveira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bruno D. C. Gonçalves
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bruna S. Oliveira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos P. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Helton J. Reis
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Claudia N. Ferreira
- Colégio Técnico, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniele C. Aguiar
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Aline S. de Miranda
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabiola M. Ribeiro
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Erica M. L. Vieira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - András Palotás
- Asklepios-Med (Private Medical Practice and Research Center), Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Luciene B. Vieira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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13
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González-Sanmiguel J, Schuh CMAP, Muñoz-Montesino C, Contreras-Kallens P, Aguayo LG, Aguayo S. Complex Interaction between Resident Microbiota and Misfolded Proteins: Role in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration. Cells 2020; 9:E2476. [PMID: 33203002 PMCID: PMC7697492 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) are brain conditions affecting millions of people worldwide. These diseases are associated with the presence of amyloid-β (Aβ), alpha synuclein (α-Syn) and prion protein (PrP) depositions in the brain, respectively, which lead to synaptic disconnection and subsequent progressive neuronal death. Although considerable progress has been made in elucidating the pathogenesis of these diseases, the specific mechanisms of their origins remain largely unknown. A body of research suggests a potential association between host microbiota, neuroinflammation and dementia, either directly due to bacterial brain invasion because of barrier leakage and production of toxins and inflammation, or indirectly by modulating the immune response. In the present review, we focus on the emerging topics of neuroinflammation and the association between components of the human microbiota and the deposition of Aβ, α-Syn and PrP in the brain. Special focus is given to gut and oral bacteria and biofilms and to the potential mechanisms associating microbiome dysbiosis and toxin production with neurodegeneration. The roles of neuroinflammation, protein misfolding and cellular mediators in membrane damage and increased permeability are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina M. A. P. Schuh
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile; (C.M.A.P.S.); (P.C.-K.)
| | - Carola Muñoz-Montesino
- Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (J.G.-S.); (C.M.-M.)
| | - Pamina Contreras-Kallens
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile; (C.M.A.P.S.); (P.C.-K.)
| | - Luis G. Aguayo
- Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (J.G.-S.); (C.M.-M.)
- Program on Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Mental Health, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Sebastian Aguayo
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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14
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Soriano S, Moffet B, Wicker E, Villapol S. Serum Amyloid A is Expressed in the Brain After Traumatic Brain Injury in a Sex-Dependent Manner. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:1199-1211. [PMID: 32060858 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase protein upregulated in the liver after traumatic brain injury (TBI). So far, it has not been investigated whether SAA expression also occurs in the brain in response to TBI. For this, we performed a moderate controlled cortical impact injury in adult male and female mice and analyzed brain, blood, and liver samples at 6 h, 1, 3, and 10 days post-injury (dpi). We measured the levels of SAA in serum, brain and liver by western blot. We also used immunohistochemical techniques combined with in situ hybridization to determine SAA mRNA and protein expression in the brain. Our results revealed higher levels of SAA in the bloodstream in males compared to females at 6 h post-TBI. Liver and serum SAA protein showed a peak of expression at 1 dpi followed by a decrease at 3 to 10 dpi in both sexes. Both SAA mRNA and protein expression colocalize with astrocytes and macrophages/microglia in the cortex, corpus callosum, thalamus, and hippocampus after TBI. For the first time, here we show that SAA is expressed in the brain in response to TBI. Collectively, SAA expression was higher in males compared to females, and in association with the sex-dependent neuroinflammatory response after brain injury. We suggest that SAA could be a crucial protein associated to the acute neuroinflammation following TBI, not only for its hepatic upregulation but also for its expression in the injured brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirena Soriano
- Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bridget Moffet
- M.S. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Georgetown University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Evan Wicker
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Sonia Villapol
- Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience in Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis for the Identification of Key Molecules and Pathways in the Hippocampus of Rats After Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:928-939. [PMID: 31997105 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput and bioinformatics technology have been broadly applied to demonstrate the key molecules involved in traumatic brain injury (TBI), while no study has integrated the available TBI-related datasets for analysis. In this study, four available expression datasets of fluid percussion injury (FPI) and sham samples from the hippocampus of rats were analysed. A total of 248 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 10 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMIs) were identified. Then, functional annotation was performed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. Most of the DEGs were enriched for the term inflammatory immune response. The MCODE plug-in in the Cytoscape software was applied to build a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and 18 hub genes were demonstrated to be enriched in the cell cycle pathway. Besides, time sequence (3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h) profile analysis was performed using short time-series expression miner (STEM). The significantly expressed genes were assigned into 24 pattern clusters with four significant uptrend clusters. Four DEGs, Fcgr2a, Bcl2a1, Cxcl16, and Gbp2, were found to be differentially expressed at all time-points. Fifty-three DEGs and eight DEMIs were identified to form a miRNA-mRNA negative regulatory network using miRWalk3.0 and Cytoscape. Moreover, the mRNA levels of eight hub genes were validated by qRT-PCR. These DEGs, DEMIs, and time-dependent expression patterns facilitate our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the process of TBI in the hippocampus of rats and have the potential to improve the diagnosis and treatment of TBI.
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16
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Choi WM, Kim HH, Kim MH, Cinar R, Yi HS, Eun HS, Kim SH, Choi YJ, Lee YS, Kim SY, Seo W, Lee JH, Shim YR, Kim YE, Yang K, Ryu T, Hwang JH, Lee CH, Choi HS, Gao B, Kim W, Kim SK, Kunos G, Jeong WI. Glutamate Signaling in Hepatic Stellate Cells Drives Alcoholic Steatosis. Cell Metab 2019; 30:877-889.e7. [PMID: 31474565 PMCID: PMC6834910 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Activation of hepatocyte cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1R) by hepatic stellate cell (HSC)-derived 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) drives de novo lipogenesis in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). How alcohol stimulates 2-AG production in HSCs is unknown. Here, we report that chronic alcohol consumption induced hepatic cysteine deficiency and subsequent glutathione depletion by impaired transsulfuration pathway. A compensatory increase in hepatic cystine-glutamate anti-porter xCT boosted extracellular glutamate levels coupled to cystine uptake both in mice and in patients with ALD. Alcohol also induced the selective expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor-5 (mGluR5) in HSCs where mGluR5 activation stimulated 2-AG production. Consistently, genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of mGluR5 or xCT attenuated alcoholic steatosis in mice via the suppression of 2-AG production and subsequent CB1R-mediated de novo lipogenesis. We conclude that a bidirectional signaling operates at a metabolic synapse between hepatocytes and HSCs through xCT-mediated glutamate-mGluR5 signaling to produce 2-AG, which induces CB1R-mediated alcoholic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Mook Choi
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ho Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Soo Eun
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hwan Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University, College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jun-Hee Lee
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ri Shim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Eun Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Keungmo Yang
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tom Ryu
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Hwang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- School of the Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang J, Zhao J, Chen Y, Shi H, Huang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wei Y, Xue W, Han J. Effect of mGluR7 on proliferation of human embryonic neural stem cells. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14683. [PMID: 30817600 PMCID: PMC6831331 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is to investigate the effect of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7) on the proliferation of human embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) and its molecular mechanism.Human embryonic NSCs were isolated. The pCMV2-GV146-GFP-mGluR7 plasmid was transfected to over-express mGluR7 while mGluR7 siRNA was transfected to knockdown mGluR7. MTT assay was used to analyze cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle and apoptosis. Protein and mRNA levels were analyzed by Western blot and RT-qPCR, respectively.The viability of human NSCs and the diameter of neurospheres after 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours of transfection significantly increased by mGluR7 overexpression whereas significantly decreased by mGluR7 knockdown. Ki-67 expression was up-regulated by mGluR7 overexpression whereas down-regulated by mGluR7 siRNA, indicating a promotive effect of mGluR7 on NSC proliferation. After mGluR7 overexpression, G1/G0 phase cell ratio dropped significantly compared with control group, while the S phase cell ratio increased. mGluR7 silencing arrested human NSCs at G1/G0 phase. After 48 hours of transfection, there was a decrease of apoptosis by mGluR7 overexpression, while mGluR7 silencing induced apoptosis of human NSCs. Additionally, overexpression of mGluR7 up-regulated the expression of p-serine/threonine kinase (AKT), cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). The mGluR7 knockdown had opposite effects. Similarly, mGluR7 down-regulated the expression of Caspase-3/9, while the mGluR7 knockdown promoted this.mGluR7 can promote the proliferation of human embryonic cortical NSCs in vitro. This effect may be mediated by promoting cell cycle progression, inhibiting cell apoptosis, activating the AKT signaling pathway, and inhibiting the Caspase-3/9 signaling pathway.
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Liu S, Lu C, Liu Y, Zhou X, Sun L, Gu Q, Shen G, Guo A. Hyperbaric Oxygen Alleviates the Inflammatory Response Induced by LPS Through Inhibition of NF-κB/MAPKs-CCL2/CXCL1 Signaling Pathway in Cultured Astrocytes. Inflammation 2018; 41:2003-2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0843-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Liu YW, Li S, Dai SS. Neutrophils in traumatic brain injury (TBI): friend or foe? J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:146. [PMID: 29776443 PMCID: PMC5960133 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of the pathophysiology about traumatic brain injury (TBI) is still limited. Neutrophils, as the most abundant leukocytes in circulation and the first-line transmigrated immune cells at the sites of injury, are highly involved in the initiation, development, and recovery of TBI. Nonetheless, our understanding about neutrophils in TBI is obsolete, and mounting evidences from recent studies have challenged the conventional views. This review summarizes what is known about the relationships between neutrophils and pathophysiology of TBI. In addition, discussions are made on the complex roles as well as the controversial views of neutrophils in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Wuyue Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.,Center for Pharmacogenetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA
| | - Song Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA
| | - Shuang-Shuang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China. .,Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
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