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Giordano A, Pignolet B, Mascia E, Clarelli F, Sorosina M, Misra K, Bucciarelli F, Ferrè L, Moiola L, Liblau R, Filippi M, Esposito F. DNA Methylation in the Anti-Mullerian Hormone Gene and the Risk of Disease Activity in Multiple Sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2024; 96:289-301. [PMID: 38747444 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple sclerosis (MS) has a complex pathobiology, with genetic and environmental factors being crucial players. Understanding the mechanisms underlying heterogeneity in disease activity is crucial for tailored treatment. We explored the impact of DNA methylation, a key mechanism in the genetics-environment interplay, on disease activity in MS. METHODS Peripheral immune methylome profiling using Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChips was conducted on 249 untreated relapsing-remitting MS patients, sampled at the start of disease-modifying treatment (DMT). A differential methylation analysis compared patients with evidence of disease activity (EDA) to those with no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) over 2 years from DMT start. Utilizing causal inference testing (CIT) and Mendelian randomization (MR), we sought to elucidate the relationships between DNA methylation, gene expression, genetic variation, and disease activity. RESULTS Four differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified between EDA and NEDA. Examining the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 923 variants were found to account for the observed differences in the 4 DMRs. Importantly, 3 out of the 923 SNPs, affecting DNA methylation in a DMR linked to the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) gene, were associated with disease activity risk in an independent cohort of 1,408 MS patients. CIT and MR demonstrated that DNA methylation in AMH acts as a mediator for the genetic risk of disease activity. INTERPRETATION This study uncovered a novel molecular pathway implicating the interaction between DNA methylation and genetic variation in the risk of disease activity in MS, emphasizing the role of sex hormones, particularly the AMH, in MS pathobiology. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:289-301.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Giordano
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology and MS Center, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Béatrice Pignolet
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, Toulouse, France
- Neurosciences Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Elisabetta Mascia
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Clarelli
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Melissa Sorosina
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Kaalindi Misra
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Florence Bucciarelli
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Ferrè
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology and MS Center, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Moiola
- Department of Neurology and MS Center, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Roland Liblau
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, Toulouse, France
- Department of Immunology, Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology and MS Center, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Esposito
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology and MS Center, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Kular L. The lung-brain axis in multiple sclerosis: Mechanistic insights and future directions. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100787. [PMID: 38737964 PMCID: PMC11087231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with progressive lifelong disability. Current treatments are particularly effective at the early inflammatory stage of the disease but associate with safety concerns such as increased risk of infection. While clinical and epidemiological evidence strongly support the role of a bidirectional communication between the lung and the brain in MS in influencing disease risk and severity, the exact processes underlying such relationship appear complex and not fully understood. This short review aims to summarize key findings and future perspectives that might provide new insights into the mechanisms underpinning the lung-brain axis in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Kular
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Klose D, Needhamsen M, Ringh MV, Hagemann-Jensen M, Jagodic M, Kular L. Smoking affects epigenetic ageing of lung bronchoalveolar lavage cells in Multiple Sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 79:104991. [PMID: 37708820 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A compelling body of evidence implicates cigarette smoking and lung inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) susceptibility and progression. Previous studies have reported epigenetic age (DNAm age) acceleration in blood immune cells and in glial cells of people with MS (pwMS) compared to healthy controls (HC). OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine biological ageing in lung immune cells in the context of MS and smoking. METHODS We analyzed age acceleration residuals in lung bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells, constituted of mainly alveolar macrophages, from 17 pwMS and 22 HC in relation to smoking using eight DNA methylation-based clocks, namely AltumAge, Horvath, GrimAge, PhenoAge, Zhang, SkinBlood, Hannum, Monocyte clock as well as two RNA-based clocks, which capture different aspects of biological ageing. RESULTS After adjustment for covariates, five epigenetic clocks showed significant differences between the groups. Four of them, Horvath (Padj = 0.028), GrimAge (Padj = 4.28 × 10-7), SkinBlood (Padj = 0.001) and Zhang (Padj = 0.02), uncovered the sole effect of smoking on ageing estimates, irrespective of the clinical group. The Horvath, SkinBlood and Zhang clocks showed a negative impact of smoking while GrimAge detected smoking-associated age acceleration in BAL cells. On the contrary, the AltumAge clock revealed differences between pwMS and HC and indicated that, in the absence of smoking, BAL cells of pwMS were epigenetically 5.4 years older compared to HC (Padj = 0.028). Smoking further affected epigenetic ageing in BAL cells of pwMS specifically as non-smoking pwMS exhibited a 10.2-year AltumAge acceleration compared to pwMS smokers (Padj = 0.0049). Of note, blood-derived monocytes did not show any MS-specific or smoking-related AltumAge differences. The difference between BAL cells of pwMS smokers and non-smokers was attributable to the differential methylation of 114 AltumAge-CpGs (Padj < 0.05) affecting genes involved in innate immune processes such as cytokine production, defense response and cell motility. These changes functionally translated into transcriptional differences in BAL cells between pwMS smokers and non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS BAL cells of pwMS display inflammation-related and smoking-dependent changes associated to epigenetic ageing captured by the AltumAge clock. Future studies examining potential confounders, such as the distribution of distinct BAL myeloid cell types in pwMS compared to control individuals in relation to smoking may clarify the varying performance and DNAm age estimations among epigenetic clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Klose
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Needhamsen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael V Ringh
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lara Kular
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Si W, Ni Y, Jiang Q, Tan L, Sparagano O, Li R, Yang G. Nanopore sequencing identifies differentially methylated genes in the central nervous system in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 381:578134. [PMID: 37364516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that might be triggered by aberrant epigenetic changes in the genome. DNA methylation is the most studied epigenetic mechanism that participates in MS pathogenesis. However, the overall methylation level in the CNS of MS patients remains elusive. We used direct long-read nanopore DNA sequencing and characterized the differentially methylated genes in the brain from mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. We identified 163 hypomethylated promoters and 327 hypermethylated promoters. These genomic alterations were linked to various biological processes including metabolism, immune responses, neural activities, and mitochondrial dynamics, all of which are vital for EAE development. Our results indicate a great potential of nanopore sequencing in identifying genomic DNA methylation in EAE and provide important guidance for future studies investigating the MS/EAE pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Si
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
| | - Ying Ni
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
| | - Qianling Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
| | - Lu Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
| | - Olivier Sparagano
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
| | - Runsheng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China.
| | - Guan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China.
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Xavier A, Maltby VE, Ewing E, Campagna MP, Burnard SM, Tegner JN, Slee M, Butzkueven H, Kockum I, Kular L, Jokubaitis VG, Kilpatrick T, Alfredsson L, Jagodic M, Ponsonby AL, Taylor BV, Scott RJ, Lea RA, Lechner-Scott J. DNA Methylation Signatures of Multiple Sclerosis Occur Independently of Known Genetic Risk and Are Primarily Attributed to B Cells and Monocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12576. [PMID: 37628757 PMCID: PMC10454485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms can regulate how DNA is expressed independently of sequence and are known to be associated with various diseases. Among those epigenetic mechanisms, DNA methylation (DNAm) is influenced by genotype and the environment, making it an important molecular interface for studying disease etiology and progression. In this study, we examined the whole blood DNA methylation profiles of a large group of people with (pw) multiple sclerosis (MS) compared to those of controls. We reveal that methylation differences in pwMS occur independently of known genetic risk loci and show that they more strongly differentiate disease (AUC = 0.85, 95% CI 0.82-0.89, p = 1.22 × 10-29) than known genetic risk loci (AUC = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.66-0.76, p = 9.07 × 10-17). We also show that methylation differences in MS occur predominantly in B cells and monocytes and indicate the involvement of cell-specific biological pathways. Overall, this study comprehensively characterizes the immune cell-specific epigenetic architecture of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Xavier
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; (A.X.); (S.M.B.); (R.J.S.)
| | - Vicki E. Maltby
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; (V.E.M.); (R.A.L.)
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Ewoud Ewing
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.E.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (L.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Maria Pia Campagna
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.P.C.); (H.B.); (V.G.J.)
| | - Sean M. Burnard
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; (A.X.); (S.M.B.); (R.J.S.)
| | - Jesper N. Tegner
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, L8:05, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavagen 23A, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Mark Slee
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Helmut Butzkueven
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.P.C.); (H.B.); (V.G.J.)
- MSBase Foundation, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.E.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (L.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Lara Kular
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.E.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (L.A.); (M.J.)
| | | | - Vilija G. Jokubaitis
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.P.C.); (H.B.); (V.G.J.)
| | - Trevor Kilpatrick
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (T.K.); (A.-L.P.)
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.E.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (L.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.E.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (L.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (T.K.); (A.-L.P.)
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Bruce V. Taylor
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia;
| | - Rodney J. Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; (A.X.); (S.M.B.); (R.J.S.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Rodney A. Lea
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; (V.E.M.); (R.A.L.)
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Jeannette Lechner-Scott
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; (V.E.M.); (R.A.L.)
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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Liu R, Du S, Zhao L, Jain S, Sahay K, Rizvanov A, Lezhnyova V, Khaibullin T, Martynova E, Khaiboullina S, Baranwal M. Autoreactive lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis: Pathogenesis and treatment target. Front Immunol 2022; 13:996469. [PMID: 36211343 PMCID: PMC9539795 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.996469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by destruction of the myelin sheath structure. The loss of myelin leads to damage of a neuron’s axon and cell body, which is identified as brain lesions on magnetic resonance image (MRI). The pathogenesis of MS remains largely unknown. However, immune mechanisms, especially those linked to the aberrant lymphocyte activity, are mainly responsible for neuronal damage. Th1 and Th17 populations of lymphocytes were primarily associated with MS pathogenesis. These lymphocytes are essential for differentiation of encephalitogenic CD8+ T cell and Th17 lymphocyte crossing the blood brain barrier and targeting myelin sheath in the CNS. B-lymphocytes could also contribute to MS pathogenesis by producing anti-myelin basic protein antibodies. In later studies, aberrant function of Treg and Th9 cells was identified as contributing to MS. This review summarizes the aberrant function and count of lymphocyte, and the contributions of these cell to the mechanisms of MS. Additionally, we have outlined the novel MS therapeutics aimed to amend the aberrant function or counts of these lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzeng Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shushu Du
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Sahil Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Kritika Sahay
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Gene and cell Department, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Vera Lezhnyova
- Gene and cell Department, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Timur Khaibullin
- Neurological Department, Republican Clinical Neurological Center, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Svetlana Khaiboullina
- Gene and cell Department, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- *Correspondence: Svetlana Khaiboullina, ; Manoj Baranwal, ;
| | - Manoj Baranwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
- *Correspondence: Svetlana Khaiboullina, ; Manoj Baranwal, ;
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González-Madrid E, Rangel-Ramírez MA, Mendoza-León MJ, Álvarez-Mardones O, González PA, Kalergis AM, Opazo MC, Riedel CA. Risk Factors from Pregnancy to Adulthood in Multiple Sclerosis Outcome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137080. [PMID: 35806081 PMCID: PMC9266360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a robust inflammatory response against myelin sheath antigens, which causes astrocyte and microglial activation and demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS). Multiple genetic predispositions and environmental factors are known to influence the immune response in autoimmune diseases, such as MS, and in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Although the predisposition to suffer from MS seems to be a multifactorial process, a highly sensitive period is pregnancy due to factors that alter the development and differentiation of the CNS and the immune system, which increases the offspring’s susceptibility to develop MS. In this regard, there is evidence that thyroid hormone deficiency during gestation, such as hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia, may increase susceptibility to autoimmune diseases such as MS. In this review, we discuss the relevance of the gestational period for the development of MS in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique González-Madrid
- Laboratorio Endocrinología-Inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (E.G.-M.); (M.A.R.-R.); (M.J.M.-L.); (O.Á.-M.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (P.A.G.); (A.M.K.); (M.C.O.)
| | - Ma. Andreina Rangel-Ramírez
- Laboratorio Endocrinología-Inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (E.G.-M.); (M.A.R.-R.); (M.J.M.-L.); (O.Á.-M.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (P.A.G.); (A.M.K.); (M.C.O.)
| | - María José Mendoza-León
- Laboratorio Endocrinología-Inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (E.G.-M.); (M.A.R.-R.); (M.J.M.-L.); (O.Á.-M.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (P.A.G.); (A.M.K.); (M.C.O.)
| | - Oscar Álvarez-Mardones
- Laboratorio Endocrinología-Inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (E.G.-M.); (M.A.R.-R.); (M.J.M.-L.); (O.Á.-M.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (P.A.G.); (A.M.K.); (M.C.O.)
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (P.A.G.); (A.M.K.); (M.C.O.)
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (P.A.G.); (A.M.K.); (M.C.O.)
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Ma. Cecilia Opazo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (P.A.G.); (A.M.K.); (M.C.O.)
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Manuel Montt 948, Providencia 7500000, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Laboratorio Endocrinología-Inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (E.G.-M.); (M.A.R.-R.); (M.J.M.-L.); (O.Á.-M.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (P.A.G.); (A.M.K.); (M.C.O.)
- Correspondence:
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Masilionyte U, Gedvilaite G, Kaikaryte K, Vilkeviciute A, Kriauciuniene L, Glebauskiene B, Balnyte R, Liutkeviciene R. IL-10 Gene Polymorphisms and IL-10 Serum Levels in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in Lithuania. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060800. [PMID: 35741685 PMCID: PMC9221209 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system with features of demyelination and axonal degeneration at a young age. Genetic factors may play an important role in the development of multiple sclerosis. (1) Objective: To investigate IL-10 rs1800871, rs1800872, rs1800896, and IL-10 serum levels in patients with multiple sclerosis. (2) Methods: Our study included patients with multiple sclerosis (n = 127) and healthy volunteers (n = 195). The subjects’ DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and genotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results were analyzed using the program “IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0”. (3) Results: The IL-10 SNPs were analyzed between the MS and control groups; however, no statistically significant results were found. The serum levels of IL-10 in the groups of MS and healthy subjects were not statistically significantly different (median (IQR): 0.828 (1.533) vs. 0.756 (0.528), p = 0.872). (4) Conclusions: IL-10 rs1800871, rs1800872, and rs1800896 and serum IL-10 levels are not likely to be associated with MS development. However, individuals carrying the rare haplotypes of rs1800871, rs1800872, and rs1800896 were associated with increased odds of MS (p = 0.006).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugne Masilionyte
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Street 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
| | - Greta Gedvilaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Street 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (G.G.); (K.K.); (A.V.); (L.K.); (R.L.)
| | - Kriste Kaikaryte
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Street 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (G.G.); (K.K.); (A.V.); (L.K.); (R.L.)
| | - Alvita Vilkeviciute
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Street 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (G.G.); (K.K.); (A.V.); (L.K.); (R.L.)
| | - Loresa Kriauciuniene
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Street 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (G.G.); (K.K.); (A.V.); (L.K.); (R.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Street 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Brigita Glebauskiene
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Street 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Renata Balnyte
- Department of Neurology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Street 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Rasa Liutkeviciene
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Street 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (G.G.); (K.K.); (A.V.); (L.K.); (R.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Street 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
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9
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Kiselev IS, Kulakova OG, Danilova LV, Baturina OA, Kabilov MR, Popova EV, Boyko AN, Favorova OO. Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Cd4+ T Lymphocytes of Patients with Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Indicates Involvement of This Epigenetic Process in the Disease Immunopathogenesis. Mol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Significance: Epigenetic dysregulation plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of autoimmune diseases. Oxidative stress is associated with autoimmunity and is also known to alter epigenetic mechanisms. Understanding the interplay between oxidative stress and epigenetics will provide insights into the role of environmental triggers in the development of autoimmunity in genetically susceptible individuals. Recent Advances: Abnormal DNA and histone methylation patterns in genes and pathways involved in interferon and tumor necrosis factor signaling, cellular survival, proliferation, metabolism, organ development, and autoantibody production have been described in autoimmunity. Inhibitors of DNA and histone methyltransferases showed potential therapeutic effects in animal models of autoimmune diseases. Oxidative stress can regulate epigenetic mechanisms via effects on DNA damage repair mechanisms, cellular metabolism and the local redox environment, and redox-sensitive transcription factors and pathways. Critical Issues: Studies looking into oxidative stress and epigenetics in autoimmunity are relatively limited. The number of available longitudinal studies to explore the role of DNA methylation in the development of autoimmune diseases is small. Future Directions: Exploring the relationship between oxidative stress and epigenetics in autoimmunity will provide clues for potential preventative measures and treatment strategies. Inception cohorts with longitudinal follow-up would help to evaluate epigenetic marks as potential biomarkers for disease development, progression, and treatment response in autoimmunity. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 423-440.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amr H Sawalha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Lupus Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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11
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Kiselev I, Danilova L, Baulina N, Baturina O, Kabilov M, Boyko A, Kulakova O, Favorova O. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling identifies epigenetic changes in CD4+ and CD14+ cells of multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 60:103714. [PMID: 35245816 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune and degenerative disease of the central nervous system, which develops in genetically predisposed individuals upon exposure to environmental influences. Environmental triggers of MS, such as viral infections or smoking, were demonstrated to affect DNA methylation, and thus to involve this important epigenetic mechanism in the development of pathological process. To identify MS-associated DNA methylation hallmarks, we performed genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of two cell populations (CD4+ T-lymphocytes and CD14+ monocytes), collected from the same treatment-naive relapsing-remitting MS patients and healthy subjects, using Illumina 450 K methylation arrays. We revealed significant changes in DNA methylation for both cell populations in MS. In CD4+ cells of MS patients the majority of differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were shown to be hypomethylated, while in CD14+ cells - hypermethylated. Differential methylation of HLA-DRB1 gene in CD4+ and CD14+ cells was associated with carriage of DRB1*15 allele independently from the disease status. Besides, about 20% of identified DMPs were shared between two cell populations and had the same direction of methylation changes; they may be involved in basic epigenetic processes occuring in MS. These findings suggest that the epigenetic mechanism of DNA methylation in immune cells contributes to MS; further studies are now required to validate these results and understand their functional significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kiselev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Medical Biotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova st. 1, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Ludmila Danilova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Gubkin st. 3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Natalia Baulina
- Department of Molecular Biology and Medical Biotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova st. 1, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Baturina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Marsel Kabilov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Boyko
- Department of Molecular Biology and Medical Biotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova st. 1, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Kulakova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Medical Biotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova st. 1, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Favorova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Medical Biotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova st. 1, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
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12
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Brorson I, Eriksson A, Høgestøl E, Leikfoss I, Harbo H, Berge T, Vitelli V, Bos S. Global DNA methylation changes in treated and untreated MS patients measured over time. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 364:577808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Do WL, Gohar J, McCullough LE, Galaviz KI, Conneely KN, Narayan KMV. Examining the association between adiposity and DNA methylation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13319. [PMID: 34278703 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with widespread differential DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns, though there have been limited overlap in the obesity-associated cytosine-guanine nucleotide pair (CpG) sites that have been identified in the literature. We systematically searched four databases for studies published until January 2020. Eligible studies included cross-sectional, longitudinal, or intervention studies examining adiposity and genome-wide DNAm in non-pregnant adults aged 18-75 in all tissue types. Study design and results were extracted in the descriptive review. Blood-based DNAm results in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were meta-analyzed using weighted sum of Z-score meta-analysis. Of the 10,548 studies identified, 46 studies were included in the systematic review with 18 and nine studies included in the meta-analysis of BMI and WC, respectively. In the blood, 77 and four CpG sites were significant in three or more studies of BMI and WC, respectively. Using a genome-wide threshold for significance, 52 blood-based CpG sites were significantly associated with BMI. These sites have previously been associated with many obesity-related diseases including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Crohn's disease, and depression. Our study shows that DNAm at 52 CpG sites represent potential mediators of obesity-associated chronic diseases and may be novel intervention or therapeutic targets to protect against obesity-associated chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney L Do
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jazib Gohar
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lauren E McCullough
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Karla I Galaviz
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Karen N Conneely
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - K M Venkat Narayan
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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14
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Hedström AK, Hillert J, Brenner N, Butt J, Waterboer T, Strid P, Kockum I, Olsson T, Alfredsson L. DRB1-environment interactions in multiple sclerosis etiology: results from two Swedish case-control studies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2021; 92:717-722. [PMID: 33687974 PMCID: PMC8223646 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-325676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the influence of environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS) in different genetic contexts, and study if interactions between environmental factors and human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genes differ in magnitude according to heterozygocity and homozygocity for HLA-DRB1*15:01. METHODS Using population-based case-control studies (6985 cases, 6569 controls), subjects with different genotypes and smoking, EBNA-1 status and adolescent Body Mass status, were compared regarding MS risk, by calculating OR with 95% CI employing logistic regression. The interaction between different genotypes and each environmental factor was evaluated on the additive scale. RESULTS The effect of each DRB1*15:01 allele on MS risk was additive on the log-odds scale for each additional allele. Interaction between DRB1*15:01 and each assessed environmental factor was of similar magnitude regardless of the number of DRB1*15:01 alleles, although ORs were affected. When any of the environmental factors were present in DRB1*15:01 carriers without the protective A*02:01 allele, a three-way interaction occurred and rendered high ORs, especially among DRB1*15:01 homozygotes (OR 20.0, 95% CI 13.1 to 30.5 among smokers, OR 21.9, 95% CI 15.0 to 31.8 among those with elevated EBNA-1 antibody levels, and OR 44.3, 95% CI 13.5 to 145 among those who reported adolescent overweight/obesity). CONCLUSIONS The strikingly increased MS risk among DRB*15:01 homozygotes exposed to any of the environmental factors is a further argument in favour of these factors acting on immune-related mechanisms. The data further reinforce the importance of preventive measures, in particular for those with a genetic susceptibility to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karin Hedström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Hillert
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Julia Butt
- German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Pernilla Strid
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Kiselev IS, Kulakova OG, Boyko AN, Favorova OO. DNA Methylation As an Epigenetic Mechanism in the Development of Multiple Sclerosis. Acta Naturae 2021; 13:45-57. [PMID: 34377555 PMCID: PMC8327151 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression regulation are a group of the key cellular and molecular pathways that lead to inherited alterations in genes' activity without changing their coding sequence. DNA methylation at the C5 position of cytosine in CpG dinucleotides is amongst the central epigenetic mechanisms. Currently, the number of studies that are devoted to the identification of methylation patterns specific to multiple sclerosis (MS), a severe chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, is on a rapid rise. However, the issue of the contribution of DNA methylation to the development of the different clinical phenotypes of this highly heterogeneous disease has only begun to attract the attention of researchers. This review summarizes the data on the molecular mechanisms underlying DNA methylation and the MS risk factors that can affect the DNA methylation profile and, thereby, modulate the expression of the genes involved in the disease's pathogenesis. The focus of our attention is centered on the analysis of the published data on the differential methylation of DNA from various biological samples of MS patients obtained using both the candidate gene approach and high-throughput methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. S. Kiselev
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - O. G. Kulakova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - A. N. Boyko
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - O. O. Favorova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997 Russia
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16
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Quan Y, Liang F, Deng SM, Zhu Y, Chen Y, Xiong J. Mining the Selective Remodeling of DNA Methylation in Promoter Regions to Identify Robust Gene-Level Associations With Phenotype. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:597513. [PMID: 33842534 PMCID: PMC8034267 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.597513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is an essential biological frontier linking genetics to the environment, where DNA methylation is one of the most studied epigenetic events. In recent years, through the epigenome-wide association study (EWAS), researchers have identified thousands of phenotype-related methylation sites. However, the overlaps of identified phenotype-related DNA methylation sites between various studies are often quite small, and it might be due to the fact that methylation remodeling has a certain degree of randomness within the genome. Thus, the identification of robust gene-phenotype associations is crucial to interpreting pathogenesis. How to integrate the methylation values of different sites on the same gene and to mine the DNA methylation at the gene level remains a challenge. A recent study found that the DNA methylation difference of the gene body and promoter region has a strong correlation with gene expression. In this study, we proposed a Statistical difference of DNA Methylation between Promoter and Other Body Region (SIMPO) algorithm to extract DNA methylation values at the gene level. First, by choosing to smoke as an environmental exposure factor, our method led to significant improvements in gene overlaps (from 5 to 17%) between different datasets. In addition, the biological significance of phenotype-related genes identified by SIMPO algorithm is comparable to that of the traditional probe-based methods. Then, we selected two disease contents (e.g., insulin resistance and Parkinson's disease) to show that the biological efficiency of disease-related gene identification increased from 15.43 to 44.44% (p-value = 1.20e-28). In summary, our results declare that mining the selective remodeling of DNA methylation in promoter regions can identify robust gene-level associations with phenotype, and the characteristic remodeling of a given gene's promoter region can reflect the essence of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Quan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Lab of Epigenetics and Advanced Health Technology, Space Science and Technology Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengji Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Min Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuexing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
- Aromability Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Lab of Epigenetics and Advanced Health Technology, Space Science and Technology Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianghui Xiong
- Lab of Epigenetics and Advanced Health Technology, Space Science and Technology Institute, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
- Aromability Inc., Beijing, China
- Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute (JITRI), Applied Adaptome Immunology Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Herpesvirus Antibodies, Vitamin D and Short-Chain Fatty Acids: Their Correlation with Cell Subsets in Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Healthy Controls. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010119. [PMID: 33435197 PMCID: PMC7826528 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is still unknown, it is commonly accepted that environmental factors could contribute to the disease. The objective of this study was to analyze the humoral response to Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6A/B and cytomegalovirus, and the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and the three main short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), propionate (PA), butyrate (BA) and acetate (AA), in MS patients and healthy controls (HC) to understand how they could contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. With this purpose, we analyzed the correlations among them and with different clinical variables and a wide panel of cell subsets. We found statistically significant differences for most of the environmental factors analyzed when we compared MS patients and HC, supporting their possible involvement in the disease. The strongest correlations with the clinical variables and the cell subsets analyzed were found for 25(OH)D and SCFAs levels. A correlation was also found between 25(OH)D and PA/AA ratio, and the interaction between these factors negatively correlated with interleukin 17 (IL-17)-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in untreated MS patients. Therapies that simultaneously increase vitamin D levels and modify the proportion of SCFA could be evaluated in the future.
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18
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Qiu W, Liu Y. DNA Methylation of the MHC Region in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Perspectives and Challenges. J Rheumatol 2020; 47:1597-1599. [PMID: 33139520 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.191404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Qiu
- W. Qiu, MS, Y. Liu, PhD, MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yun Liu
- W. Qiu, MS, Y. Liu, PhD, MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Nair N, Plant D, Verstappen SM, Isaacs JD, Morgan AW, Hyrich KL, Barton A, Wilson AG. Differential DNA methylation correlates with response to methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:1364-1371. [PMID: 31598719 PMCID: PMC7244777 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Identifying blood-based biomarkers that predict treatment response in RA is a clinical priority. We investigated differential DNA methylation as a candidate biomarker of response for the first-line drug used in RA, MTX. METHODS DNA methylation was measured in DNA samples from individuals recruited to the Rheumatoid Arthritis Medication Study. Differentially methylated positions were compared between whole blood samples collected at baseline and at 4 weeks from patients who, by 6 months, had a good (n = 34) or poor response (n = 34) to MTX using linear modelling, adjusting for gender, age, cell composition, baseline 28-joint disease activity score (DAS28) and smoking status. Analyses also compared methylation with changes in DAS28 and changes in swollen joint count and tender joint count, and changes in CRP over the initial 6 months after MTX commencement. Differentially methylated positions showing significant differences with any response parameter were tested using pyrosequencing in an independent group of 100 patients from the Rheumatoid Arthritis Medication Study. RESULTS In the discovery group, two CpG sites showed methylation changes at 4 weeks associated with clinical EULAR response by 6 months. Significant changes in methylation for three differentially methylated positions associated with change in tender joint counts, three with change in swollen joint count and a further four with change in CRP. Of the 12 CpGs, four showed replicated association in an independent dataset of samples from the Rheumatoid Arthritis Medication Study. CONCLUSION These data represent an advance on current practice by contributing to a personalized medicine strategy allowing an escalation or change in therapy as early as 4 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Nair
- Centre of Genetics & Genomics Versus Arthritis, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester
| | - Darren Plant
- Centre of Genetics & Genomics Versus Arthritis, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester.,NIHR Manchester BRC, Manchester University Foundation Trust
| | - Suzanne M Verstappen
- NIHR Manchester BRC, Manchester University Foundation Trust.,Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester
| | - John D Isaacs
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne UK; and NIHR Newcastle BRC, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Ann W Morgan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK and NIHR Leeds BRC, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Kimme L Hyrich
- Centre of Genetics & Genomics Versus Arthritis, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester.,NIHR Manchester BRC, Manchester University Foundation Trust.,Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester
| | - Anne Barton
- Centre of Genetics & Genomics Versus Arthritis, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester.,NIHR Manchester BRC, Manchester University Foundation Trust
| | - Anthony G Wilson
- University College Dublin School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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20
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Nishanth K, Tariq E, Nzvere FP, Miqdad M, Cancarevic I. Role of Smoking in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review Article. Cureus 2020; 12:e9564. [PMID: 32905534 PMCID: PMC7473606 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex and unpredictable neurological condition. It is the most commonly seen autoimmune disorder. The incidence of disease and its prevalence are growing worldwide. Early identification of the disease and accurate diagnosis is important to prevent further complications and disability. The etiology remains unclear, and it is believed that complex gene-environment interactions play an essential role. Genetic predisposition only describes a portion of the disease risk, whereas lifestyle and environmental factors are significant contributors. Smoking was identified as an important risk factor for MS. The main objectives of this review were to examine the underlying mechanisms of immune dysregulation in the development of MS, explore the association between smoking and MS, and identify other genetic and environmental factors that alter the risk of developing the disease. We searched PubMed for articles relevant to the study topic published between 2000 and 2020 using the search terms “multiple sclerosis,” “cigarette smoking,” “risk factors,” and, “epigenetics.” Studies reveal a marked association between smoking and the risk of MS. Unlike genetic risk factors, many lifestyles and environmental factors can be adjusted, with potential for prevention, particularly for people at the highest risk, such as families of individuals with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katukuri Nishanth
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ezza Tariq
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Internal Medicine, Nishtar Medical College, Multan, PAK
| | - Farirai P Nzvere
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Mohammed Miqdad
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ivan Cancarevic
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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21
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Ringh MV, Hagemann-Jensen M, Needhamsen M, Kullberg S, Wahlström J, Grunewald J, Brynedal B, Jagodic M, Ekström TJ, Öckinger J, Kular L. Methylome and transcriptome signature of bronchoalveolar cells from multiple sclerosis patients in relation to smoking. Mult Scler 2020; 27:1014-1026. [PMID: 32729352 PMCID: PMC8145441 DOI: 10.1177/1352458520943768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite compelling evidence that cigarette smoking impacts the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS), little is known about smoking-associated changes in the primary exposed lung cells of patients. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine molecular changes occurring in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from MS patients in relation to smoking and in comparison to healthy controls (HCs). METHODS We profiled DNA methylation in BAL cells from female MS (n = 17) and HC (n = 22) individuals, using Illumina Infinium EPIC and performed RNA-sequencing in non-smokers. RESULTS The most prominent changes were found in relation to smoking, with 1376 CpG sites (adjusted P < 0.05) differing between MS smokers and non-smokers. Approximately 30% of the affected genes overlapped with smoking-associated changes in HC, leading to a strong common smoking signature in both MS and HC after gene ontology analysis. Smoking in MS patients resulted in additional discrete changes related to neuronal processes. Methylome and transcriptome analyses in non-smokers suggest that BAL cells from MS patients display very subtle (not reaching adjusted P < 0.05) but concordant changes in genes connected to reduced transcriptional/translational processes and enhanced cellular motility. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides insights into the impact of smoking on lung inflammation and immunopathogenesis of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael V Ringh
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Hagemann-Jensen
- Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Needhamsen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Kullberg
- Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden/Respiratory Medicine Division, Department of Medicine and Theme Inflammation and Infection, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Wahlström
- Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boel Brynedal
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas J Ekström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Öckinger
- Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lara Kular
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an aggravating autoimmune disease that cripples young patients slowly with physical, sensory and cognitive deficits. The break of self-tolerance to neuronal antigens is the key to the pathogenesis of MS, with autoreactive T cells causing demyelination that subsequently leads to inflammation-mediated neurodegenerative events in the central nervous system. The exact etiology of MS remains elusive; however, the interplay of genetic and environmental factors contributes to disease development and progression. Given that genetic variation only accounts for a fraction of risk for MS, extrinsic risk factors including smoking, infection and lack of vitamin D or sunshine, which cause changes in gene expression, contribute to disease development through epigenetic regulation. To date, there is a growing body of scientific evidence to support the important roles of epigenetic processes in MS. In this chapter, the three main layers of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, namely DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNA-mediated gene regulation, will be discussed, with a particular focus on the role of epigenetics on dysregulated immune responses and neurodegenerative events in MS. Also, the potential for epigenetic modifiers as biomarkers and therapeutics for MS will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Sau-Fong Chan
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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23
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system, is today a leading cause of unpredictable lifelong disability in young adults. The treatment of patients in progressive stages remains highly challenging, alluding to our limited understanding of the underlying pathological processes. In this review, we provide insights into the mechanisms underpinning MS progression from a perspective of epigenetics, that refers to stable and mitotically heritable, yet reversible, changes in the genome activity and gene expression. We first recapitulate findings from epigenetic studies examining the brain tissue of progressive MS patients, which support a contribution of DNA and histone modifications in impaired oligodendrocyte differentiation, defective myelination/remyelination and sustained neuro-axonal vulnerability. We next explore possibilities for identifying factors affecting progression using easily accessible tissues such as blood by comparing epigenetic signatures in peripheral immune cells and brain tissue. Despite minor overlap at individual methylation sites, nearly 30% of altered genes reported in peripheral immune cells of progressive MS patients were found in brain tissue, jointly converging on alterations of neuronal functions. We further speculate about the mechanisms underlying shared epigenetic patterns between blood and brain, which likely imply the influence of internal (genetic control) and/or external (e.g. smoking and ageing) factors imprinting a common signature in both compartments. Overall, we propose that epigenetics might shed light on clinically relevant mechanisms involved in disease progression and open new avenues for the treatment of progressive MS patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kular
- From the, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Jagodic
- From the, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Rosso
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Disease, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tanuja Chitnis
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Disease, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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25
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Cigarette and Cannabis Smoking Effects on GPR15+ Helper T Cell Levels in Peripheral Blood: Relationships with Epigenetic Biomarkers. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11020149. [PMID: 32019074 PMCID: PMC7074551 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Smoking causes widespread epigenetic changes that have been linked with an increased risk of smoking-associated diseases and elevated mortality. Of particular interest are changes in the level of T cells expressing G-protein-coupled receptor 15 (GPR15), a chemokine receptor linked with multiple autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and psoriasis. Accordingly, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which smoking influences variation in the GPR15+ helper T cell subpopulation is of potential interest. Methods: In the current study, we used flow cytometry and digital PCR assays to measure the GPR15+CD3+CD4+ populations in peripheral blood from a cohort of n = 62 primarily African American young adults (aged 27–35 years) with a high rate of tobacco and cannabis use. Results: We demonstrated that self-reported tobacco and cannabis smoking predict GPR15+CD3+CD4+ helper T cell levels using linear regression models. Further, we demonstrated that methylation of two candidate CpGs, cg19859270, located in GPR15, and cg05575921, located in the gene Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Repressor (AHRR), were both significant predictors of GPR15+CD3+CD4+ cell levels, mediating the relationship between smoking habits and increases in GPR15+CD3+CD4+ cells. As hypothesized, the interaction between cg05575921 and cg19859270 was also significant, indicating that low cg05575921 methylation was more strongly predictive of GPR15+CD3+CD4+ cell levels for those who also had lower cg19859270 methylation. Conclusions: Smoking leads changes in two CpGs, cg05575921 and cg19859270, that mediate 38.5% of the relationship between tobacco and cannabis smoking and increased GPR15+ Th levels in this sample. The impact of cg19859270 in amplifying the association between cg05575921 and increased GPR15+ Th levels is of potential theoretical interest given the possibility that it reflects a permissive interaction between different parts of the adaptive immune system.
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26
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Mohammed EM. Environmental Influencers, MicroRNA, and Multiple Sclerosis. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2020; 12:1179573519894955. [PMID: 32009827 PMCID: PMC6971968 DOI: 10.1177/1179573519894955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological disorder characterized by an aberrant immune system that affects patients' quality of life. Several environmental factors have previously been proposed to associate with MS pathophysiology, including vitamin D deficiency, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and cigarette smoking. These factors may influence cellular molecularity, interfering with cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. This review argues that small noncoding RNA named microRNA (miRNA) influences these factors' mode of action. Dysregulation in the miRNAs network may deeply impact cellular hemostasis, thereby possibly resulting in MS pathogenicity. This article represents a literature review and an author's theory of how environmental factors may induce dysregulations in the miRNAs network, which could ultimately affect MS pathogenicity.
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27
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Celarain N, Tomas-Roig J. Aberrant DNA methylation profile exacerbates inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis patients. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:21. [PMID: 31937331 PMCID: PMC6961290 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterised by incoordination, sensory loss, weakness, changes in bladder capacity and bowel function, fatigue and cognitive impairment, creating a significant socioeconomic burden. The pathogenesis of MS involves both genetic susceptibility and exposure to distinct environmental risk factors. The gene x environment interaction is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetics refers to a complex system that modifies gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. The most studied epigenetic mechanism is DNA methylation. This epigenetic mark participates in distinct MS pathophysiological processes, including blood-brain barrier breakdown, inflammatory response, demyelination, remyelination failure and neurodegeneration. In this study, we also accurately summarised a list of environmental factors involved in the MS pathogenesis and its clinical course. A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE through PubMED and Scopus. In conclusion, an exhaustive study of DNA methylation might contribute towards new pharmacological interventions in MS by use of epigenetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Celarain
- Girona Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (UNIEM), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital and Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Tomas-Roig
- Girona Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (UNIEM), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital and Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain.
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28
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Celarain N, Tomas-Roig J. Changes in Deoxyribonucleic Acid Methylation Contribute to the Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Genet 2019; 10:1138. [PMID: 31798633 PMCID: PMC6874160 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by loss of coordination, weakness, dysfunctions in bladder capacity, bowel movement, and cognitive impairment. Thus, the disease leads to a significant socioeconomic burden. In the pathophysiology of the disease, both genetic and environmental risk factors are involved. Gene x environment interaction is modulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetics refers to a sophisticated system that regulates gene expression with no changes in the DNA sequence. The most studied epigenetic mechanism is the DNA methylation. In this review, we summarize the data available from the current literature by grouping sets of differentially methylated genes in distinct biological categories: the immune system including innate and adaptive response, the DNA damage, and the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Celarain
- Girona Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (UNIEM), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Jordi Tomas-Roig
- Girona Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (UNIEM), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
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29
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Theodoropoulou E, Alfredsson L, Piehl F, Marabita F, Jagodic M. Different epigenetic clocks reflect distinct pathophysiological features of multiple sclerosis. Epigenomics 2019; 11:1429-1439. [PMID: 31592692 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Accumulating evidence links epigenetic age to diseases and age-related conditions, but little is known about its association with multiple sclerosis (MS). Materials & methods: We estimated epigenetic age acceleration measures using DNA methylation from blood or sorted cells of MS patients and controls. Results: In blood, sex (p = 4.39E-05) and MS (p = 2.99E-03) explained the variation in age acceleration, and isolated blood cell types showed different epigenetic age. Intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration and extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration were only associated with sex (p = 2.52E-03 and p = 1.58E-04, respectively), while PhenoAge Acceleration displayed positive association with MS (p = 3.40E-02). Conclusion: Different age acceleration measures are distinctly influenced by phenotypic factors, and they might measure separate pathophysiological aspects of MS. Data deposition: DNA methylation data can be accessed at Gene Expression Omnibus database under accession number GSE35069, GSE43976, GSE106648, GSE130029, GSE130030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Theodoropoulou
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 114 18, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesco Marabita
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Hedström AK, Hössjer O, Hillert J, Stridh P, Kockum I, Olsson T, Alfredsson L. The influence of human leukocyte antigen-DRB1*15:01 and its interaction with smoking in MS development is dependent on DQA1*01:01 status. Mult Scler 2019; 26:1638-1646. [PMID: 31573825 DOI: 10.1177/1352458519877685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HLA-DRB1*15:01, absence of HLA-A*02:01, and smoking interact to increase multiple sclerosis (MS) risk. OBJECTIVE To analyze whether MS-associated human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, apart from DRB1*15:01 and absence of A*02:01, interact with smoking in MS development, and to explore whether the established HLA-smoking interaction is affected by the DQA1*01:01 allele, which confers a protective effect only in the presence of DRB1*15:01. METHODS In two Swedish population-based case-control studies (5838 cases, 5412 controls), subjects with different genotypes and smoking habits were compared regarding MS risk, by calculating odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals employing logistic regression. Interaction on the additive scale between different genotypes and smoking was evaluated. RESULTS The DRB1*08:01 allele interacted with smoking to increase MS risk. The interaction between DRB1*15:01 and both the absence of A*02:01 and smoking was confined to DQA1*01:01 negative subjects, whereas no interactions occurred among DQA1*01:01 positive subjects. CONCLUSION Multifaceted interactions take place between different class II alleles and smoking in MS development. The influence of DRB1*15:01 and its interaction with the absence of A*02:01 and smoking is dependent on DQA1*01:01 status which may be due to differences in the responding T-cell repertoires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karin Hedström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Hössjer
- Department of Mathematical Statistics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Hillert
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Stridh
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Non-parametric combination analysis of multiple data types enables detection of novel regulatory mechanisms in T cells of multiple sclerosis patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11996. [PMID: 31427643 PMCID: PMC6700160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system with prominent neurodegenerative components. The triggering and progression of MS is associated with transcriptional and epigenetic alterations in several tissues, including peripheral blood. The combined influence of transcriptional and epigenetic changes associated with MS has not been assessed in the same individuals. Here we generated paired transcriptomic (RNA-seq) and DNA methylation (Illumina 450 K array) profiles of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (CD4, CD8), using clinically accessible blood from healthy donors and MS patients in the initial relapsing-remitting and subsequent secondary-progressive stage. By integrating the output of a differential expression test with a permutation-based non-parametric combination methodology, we identified 149 differentially expressed (DE) genes in both CD4 and CD8 cells collected from MS patients. Moreover, by leveraging the methylation-dependent regulation of gene expression, we identified the gene SH3YL1, which displayed significant correlated expression and methylation changes in MS patients. Importantly, silencing of SH3YL1 in primary human CD4 cells demonstrated its influence on T cell activation. Collectively, our strategy based on paired sampling of several cell-types provides a novel approach to increase sensitivity for identifying shared mechanisms altered in CD4 and CD8 cells of relevance in MS in small sized clinical materials.
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32
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Ringh MV, Hagemann-Jensen M, Needhamsen M, Kular L, Breeze CE, Sjöholm LK, Slavec L, Kullberg S, Wahlström J, Grunewald J, Brynedal B, Liu Y, Almgren M, Jagodic M, Öckinger J, Ekström TJ. Tobacco smoking induces changes in true DNA methylation, hydroxymethylation and gene expression in bronchoalveolar lavage cells. EBioMedicine 2019; 46:290-304. [PMID: 31303497 PMCID: PMC6710853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While smoking is known to associate with development of multiple diseases, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Tobacco smoking can modify the chemical integrity of DNA leading to changes in transcriptional activity, partly through an altered epigenetic state. We aimed to investigate the impact of smoking on lung cells collected from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Methods We profiled changes in DNA methylation (5mC) and its oxidised form hydroxymethylation (5hmC) using conventional bisulphite (BS) treatment and oxidative bisulphite treatment with Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip, and examined gene expression by RNA-seq in healthy smokers. Findings We identified 1667 total 5mC + 5hmC, 1756 5mC and 67 5hmC differentially methylated positions (DMPs) between smokers and non-smokers (FDR-adjusted P <.05, absolute Δβ >0.15). Both 5mC DMPs and to a lesser extent 5mC + 5hmC were predominantly hypomethylated. In contrast, almost all 5hmC DMPs were hypermethylated, supporting the hypothesis that smoking-associated oxidative stress can lead to DNA demethylation, via the established sequential oxidation of which 5hmC is the first step. While we confirmed differential methylation of previously reported smoking-associated 5mC + 5hmC CpGs using former generations of BeadChips in alveolar macrophages, the large majority of identified DMPs, 5mC + 5hmC (1639/1667), 5mC (1738/1756), and 5hmC (67/67), have not been previously reported. Most of these novel smoking-associating sites are specific to the EPIC BeadChip and, interestingly, many of them are associated to FANTOM5 enhancers. Transcriptional changes affecting 633 transcripts were consistent with DNA methylation profiles and converged to alteration of genes involved in migration, signalling and inflammatory response of immune cells. Interpretation Collectively, these findings suggest that tobacco smoke exposure epigenetically modifies BAL cells, possibly involving a continuous active demethylation and subsequent increased activity of inflammatory processes in the lungs. Fund The study was supported by the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, the Stockholm County Council (ALF), the King Gustav's and Queen Victoria's Freemasons' Foundation, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Neuro Sweden, and the Swedish MS foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael V Ringh
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Michael Hagemann-Jensen
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Needhamsen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lara Kular
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charles E Breeze
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, USA; UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise K Sjöholm
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lara Slavec
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Kullberg
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Theme Inflammation and Infection, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Wahlström
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boel Brynedal
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Malin Almgren
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Öckinger
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas J Ekström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.
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33
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Souren NY, Gerdes LA, Lutsik P, Gasparoni G, Beltrán E, Salhab A, Kümpfel T, Weichenhan D, Plass C, Hohlfeld R, Walter J. DNA methylation signatures of monozygotic twins clinically discordant for multiple sclerosis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2094. [PMID: 31064978 PMCID: PMC6504952 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09984-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with a modest concordance rate in monozygotic twins, which strongly argues for involvement of epigenetic factors. We observe highly similar peripheral blood mononuclear cell-based methylomes in 45 MS-discordant monozygotic twins. Nevertheless, we identify seven MS-associated differentially methylated positions (DMPs) of which we validate two, including a region in the TMEM232 promoter and ZBTB16 enhancer. In CD4 + T cells we find an MS-associated differentially methylated region in FIRRE. Additionally, 45 regions show large methylation differences in individual pairs, but they do not clearly associate with MS. Furthermore, we present epigenetic biomarkers for current interferon-beta treatment, and extensive validation shows that the ZBTB16 DMP is a signature for prior glucocorticoid treatment. Taken together, this study represents an important reference for epigenomic MS studies, identifies new candidate epigenetic markers, and highlights treatment effects and genetic background as major confounders. Monozygotic (MZ) twins are ideal to study the influence of non-genetic factors on complex phenotypes. Here, Souren et al. perform an EWAS in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 45 MZ twins discordant for multiple sclerosis and identify disease and treatment-associated epigenetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Y Souren
- Department of Genetics/Epigenetics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Lisa A Gerdes
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Pavlo Lutsik
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gilles Gasparoni
- Department of Genetics/Epigenetics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eduardo Beltrán
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Abdulrahman Salhab
- Department of Genetics/Epigenetics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tania Kümpfel
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Weichenhan
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hohlfeld
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of Genetics/Epigenetics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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34
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Fragou D, Pakkidi E, Aschner M, Samanidou V, Kovatsi L. Smoking and DNA methylation: Correlation of methylation with smoking behavior and association with diseases and fetus development following prenatal exposure. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 129:312-327. [PMID: 31063835 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Among epigenetic mechanisms, DNA methylation has been widely studied with respect to many environmental factors. Smoking is a common factor which affects both global and gene-specific DNA methylation. It is supported that smoking directly affects DNA methylation, and these effects contribute to the development and progression of various diseases, such as cancer, lung and cardiovascular diseases and male infertility. In addition, prenatal smoking influences the normal development of the fetus via DNA methylation changes. The DNA methylation profile and its smoking-induced alterations helps to distinguish current from former smokers and non-smokers and can be used to predict the risk for the development of a disease. This review summarizes the DNA methylation changes induced by smoking, their correlation with smoking behavior and their association with various diseases and fetus development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domniki Fragou
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Pakkidi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Aschner
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Victoria Samanidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Leda Kovatsi
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
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35
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Ewing E, Kular L, Fernandes SJ, Karathanasis N, Lagani V, Ruhrmann S, Tsamardinos I, Tegner J, Piehl F, Gomez-Cabrero D, Jagodic M. Combining evidence from four immune cell types identifies DNA methylation patterns that implicate functionally distinct pathways during Multiple Sclerosis progression. EBioMedicine 2019; 43:411-423. [PMID: 31053557 PMCID: PMC6558224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease and a leading cause of progressive neurological disability among young adults. DNA methylation, which intersects genes and environment to control cellular functions on a molecular level, may provide insights into MS pathogenesis. Methods We measured DNA methylation in CD4+ T cells (n = 31), CD8+ T cells (n = 28), CD14+ monocytes (n = 35) and CD19+ B cells (n = 27) from relapsing-remitting (RRMS), secondary progressive (SPMS) patients and healthy controls (HC) using Infinium HumanMethylation450 arrays. Monocyte (n = 25) and whole blood (n = 275) cohorts were used for validations. Findings B cells from MS patients displayed most significant differentially methylated positions (DMPs), followed by monocytes, while only few DMPs were detected in T cells. We implemented a non-parametric combination framework (omicsNPC) to increase discovery power by combining evidence from all four cell types. Identified shared DMPs co-localized at MS risk loci and clustered into distinct groups. Functional exploration of changes discriminating RRMS and SPMS from HC implicated lymphocyte signaling, T cell activation and migration. SPMS-specific changes, on the other hand, implicated myeloid cell functions and metabolism. Interestingly, neuronal and neurodegenerative genes and pathways were also specifically enriched in the SPMS cluster. Interpretation We utilized a statistical framework (omicsNPC) that combines multiple layers of evidence to identify DNA methylation changes that provide new insights into MS pathogenesis in general, and disease progression, in particular. Fund This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council, Stockholm County Council, AstraZeneca, European Research Council, Karolinska Institutet and Margaretha af Ugglas Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewoud Ewing
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Lara Kular
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Sunjay J Fernandes
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Nestoras Karathanasis
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece; Computational Medicine Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Vincenzo Lagani
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia; Gnosis Data Analysis PC, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sabrina Ruhrmann
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Ioannis Tsamardinos
- Gnosis Data Analysis PC, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Computer Science, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jesper Tegner
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden; Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia; Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden; Center for Neurology, Academic Specialist Clinic, Stockholm Health Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Gomez-Cabrero
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden; Translational Bioinformatics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.
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Wang Z, Xie J, Wu C, Xiao G. Correlation Between Smoking and Passive Smoking with Multiple Sclerosis and the Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:893-902. [PMID: 30703074 PMCID: PMC6367889 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the spinal cord and brain. Many studies have shown that smoking and passive smoking are key environmental risk factors for MS. Here, we provide an overview of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene studies on smoking and MS risk, and we discuss recent studies on between epigenetics and smoking-induced MS. In addition, in this review we also summarize current research advances in biological pathways and smoking-induced MS. This review provides an overview of studies on the association between smoking, passive smoking, and MS susceptibility, and the underlying molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jianpin Xie
- Department of Neurology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Chenglong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Guirong Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Zhang X, Hu Y, Aouizerat BE, Peng G, Marconi VC, Corley MJ, Hulgan T, Bryant KJ, Zhao H, Krystal JH, Justice AC, Xu K. Machine learning selected smoking-associated DNA methylation signatures that predict HIV prognosis and mortality. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:155. [PMID: 30545403 PMCID: PMC6293604 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0591-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of tobacco smoking on epigenome-wide methylation signatures in white blood cells (WBCs) collected from persons living with HIV may have important implications for their immune-related outcomes, including frailty and mortality. The application of a machine learning approach to the analysis of CpG methylation in the epigenome enables the selection of phenotypically relevant features from high-dimensional data. Using this approach, we now report that a set of smoking-associated DNA-methylated CpGs predicts HIV prognosis and mortality in an HIV-positive veteran population. Results We first identified 137 epigenome-wide significant CpGs for smoking in WBCs from 1137 HIV-positive individuals (p < 1.70E−07). To examine whether smoking-associated CpGs were predictive of HIV frailty and mortality, we applied ensemble-based machine learning to build a model in a training sample employing 408,583 CpGs. A set of 698 CpGs was selected and predictive of high HIV frailty in a testing sample [(area under curve (AUC) = 0.73, 95%CI 0.63~0.83)] and was replicated in an independent sample [(AUC = 0.78, 95%CI 0.73~0.83)]. We further found an association of a DNA methylation index constructed from the 698 CpGs that were associated with a 5-year survival rate [HR = 1.46; 95%CI 1.06~2.02, p = 0.02]. Interestingly, the 698 CpGs located on 445 genes were enriched on the integrin signaling pathway (p = 9.55E−05, false discovery rate = 0.036), which is responsible for the regulation of the cell cycle, differentiation, and adhesion. Conclusion We demonstrated that smoking-associated DNA methylation features in white blood cells predict HIV infection-related clinical outcomes in a population living with HIV. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0591-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Center for Biomedical Bioinformatics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Bradley E Aouizerat
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Gang Peng
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 065116, USA
| | - Vincent C Marconi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Michael J Corley
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Suite 1016B, Honolulu, 96813, USA
| | - Todd Hulgan
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kendall J Bryant
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 065116, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Amy C Justice
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.,Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA. .,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
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Andersen AM, Lei MK, Philibert RA, Beach SRH. Methylation of MTHFR Moderates the Effect of Smoking on Genomewide Methylation Among Middle Age African Americans. Front Genet 2018; 9:622. [PMID: 30619455 PMCID: PMC6296342 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential methylation at MTHFR (mMTHFR) has been examined previously as a moderator of changes in methylation among nascent smokers, but the effects of mMTHFR on genomewide patterns of methylation among established smokers in middle age are unknown. In the current investigation we examined a sample of 180 African American middle-aged smokers and non-smokers to test for patterns indicative of three different potential mechanisms of impact on epigenetic remodeling in response to long-term smoking. We found that mMTHFR moderated the association between smoking and changes in methylation for more than 25% of the 909 loci previously identified as being associated with smoking at a genomewide level of significance in middle-aged African Americans. Observed patterns of effect indicated amplification of both hyper and hypo methylating responses to smoking among those with lower mMTHFR. Moderating effects were robust to controls for sex, age, diet, and cell-type variation. Implications for potential mechanisms conferring effects are discussed. Of particular potential practical importance was a strong effect of mMTHFR on hypomethylation at GPR15 in response to smoking, indicative of the differential impact of MTHFR activity on changes in a specific cell population linked to inflammatory disease in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan M Andersen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Man-Kit Lei
- Department of Sociology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Robert A Philibert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Behavioral Diagnostics, Coralville, IA, United States
| | - Steven R H Beach
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Rhead B, Brorson IS, Berge T, Adams C, Quach H, Moen SM, Berg-Hansen P, Celius EG, Sangurdekar DP, Bronson PG, Lea RA, Burnard S, Maltby VE, Scott RJ, Lechner-Scott J, Harbo HF, Bos SD, Barcellos LF. Increased DNA methylation of SLFN12 in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from multiple sclerosis patients. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206511. [PMID: 30379917 PMCID: PMC6209300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark that is influenced by environmental factors and is associated with changes to gene expression and phenotypes. It may link environmental exposures to disease etiology or indicate important gene pathways involved in disease pathogenesis. We identified genomic regions that are differentially methylated in T cells of patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) compared to healthy controls. DNA methylation was assessed at 450,000 genomic sites in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells purified from peripheral blood of 94 women with MS and 94 healthy women, and differentially methylated regions were identified using bumphunter. Differential DNA methylation was observed near four loci: MOG/ZFP57, HLA-DRB1, NINJ2/LOC100049716, and SLFN12. Increased methylation of the first exon of the SLFN12 gene was observed in both T cell subtypes and remained present after restricting analyses to samples from patients who had never been on treatment or had been off treatment for more than 2.5 years. Genes near the regions of differential methylation in T cells were assessed for differential expression in whole blood samples from a separate population of 1,329 women with MS and 97 healthy women. Gene expression of HLA-DRB1, NINJ2, and SLFN12 was observed to be decreased in whole blood in MS patients compared to controls. We conclude that T cells from MS patients display regions of differential DNA methylation compared to controls, and corresponding gene expression differences are observed in whole blood. Two of the genes that showed both methylation and expression differences, NINJ2 and SLFN12, have not previously been implicated in MS. SLFN12 is a particularly compelling target of further research, as this gene is known to be down-regulated during T cell activation and up-regulated by type I interferons (IFNs), which are used to treat MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Rhead
- Computational Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Ina S. Brorson
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tone Berge
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department for Mechanical, Electronics and Chemical Engineering, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cameron Adams
- Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Hong Quach
- Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Stine Marit Moen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- MS-Centre Hakadal, Hakadal, Norway
| | - Pål Berg-Hansen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Gulowsen Celius
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dipen P. Sangurdekar
- Translational & Integrative Analytics, Biogen, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Paola G. Bronson
- Statistical Genetics & Genetic Epidemiology, Biogen, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Rodney A. Lea
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Information Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Sean Burnard
- Centre for Information Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Vicki E. Maltby
- Centre for Information Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Rodney J. Scott
- Centre for Information Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Molecular Genetics, Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jeannette Lechner-Scott
- Centre for Information Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Hanne F. Harbo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steffan D. Bos
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa F. Barcellos
- Computational Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
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Tiwari S, Lapierre J, Ojha CR, Martins K, Parira T, Dutta RK, Caobi A, Garbinski L, Ceyhan Y, Esteban-Lopez M, El-Hage N. Signaling pathways and therapeutic perspectives related to environmental factors associated with multiple sclerosis. J Neurosci Res 2018; 96:1831-1846. [PMID: 30204260 PMCID: PMC7167107 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disorder of unknown etiology. Both genetic-susceptibility and environment exposures, including vitamin D deficiency, Epstein-Barr viral and Herpesvirus (HHV-6) infections are strongly implicated in the activation of T cells and MS-pathogenesis. Despite precise knowledge of how these factors could be operating alone or in combination to facilitate and aggravate the disease progression, it is clear that prolonged induction of inflammatory molecules and recruitment of other immune cells by the activated T cells results in demyelination and axonal damage. It is imperative to understand the risk factors associated with MS progression and how these factors contribute to disease pathology. Understanding of the underlying mechanisms of what factors triggers activation of T cells to attack myelin antigen are important to strategize therapeutics and therapies against MS. Current review provides a detailed literature to understand the role of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic factors on the impact of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneham Tiwari
- Departments of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Jessica Lapierre
- Departments of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Chet Raj Ojha
- Departments of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Kyle Martins
- Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Tiyash Parira
- Departments of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Rajib Kumar Dutta
- Departments of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Allen Caobi
- Departments of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Luis Garbinski
- Cell Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Yasemin Ceyhan
- Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Maria Esteban-Lopez
- Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Departments of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
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Lanata CM, Chung SA, Criswell LA. DNA methylation 101: what is important to know about DNA methylation and its role in SLE risk and disease heterogeneity. Lupus Sci Med 2018; 5:e000285. [PMID: 30094041 PMCID: PMC6069928 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2018-000285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SLE is a complex autoimmune disease that results from the interplay of genetics, epigenetics and environmental exposures. DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene expression and tissue differentiation. Among all the epigenetic modifications, DNA methylation perturbations have been the most widely studied in SLE. It mediates processes relevant to SLE, including lymphocyte development, X-chromosome inactivation and the suppression of endogenous retroviruses. The establishment of most DNA methylation marks occurs in utero; however, a small percentage of epigenetic marks are dynamic and can change throughout a person’s lifetime and in relation to exposures. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the biology of DNA methylation and its regulators, the measurement and interpretation of methylation marks, the effects of genetics on DNA methylation and the role of environmental exposures with relevance to SLE. We also summarise research findings associated with SLE disease risk and heterogeneity. The robust finding of hypomethylation of interferon-responsive genes in patients with SLE and new associations beyond interferon-responsive genes such as cell-specific methylation abnormalities are described. We also discuss methylation changes associated with lupus nephritis, autoantibody status and disease activity. Lastly, we explore future research directions, emphasising the need for longitudinal studies, cell tissue and context-specific profiling, as well as integrative approaches. With new technologies, DNA methylation perturbations could be targeted and edited, offering novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Lanata
- Russell/Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sharon A Chung
- Russell/Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lindsey A Criswell
- Russell/Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Heydarpour P, Manouchehrinia A, Beiki O, Mousavi SE, Abdolalizadeh A, -Lakeh MM, Sahraian MA. Smoking and worsening disability in multiple sclerosis: A meta-analysis. Acta Neurol Scand 2018. [PMID: 29542102 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disorder affecting young adults. Environmental factors and lifestyle behaviors are pivotal in MS pathophysiology. Smoking has been considered as an important risk factor in MS. Various recent studies have been conducted to measure the role of smoking on worsening disability in patients with MS, thus we intended to systematically assess effect of smoking on evolution of disability in this study. MATERIALS & METHODS We queried MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library with following keywords "Multiple Sclerosis, Smoking, Tobacco Use, Disability" on December 1st 2016. Original articles were included when smoking history was mentioned, disability was measured via expanded disability status scale (EDSS) or multiple sclerosis severity score (MSSS). Studies with insufficient outcome data, non-human, or in other languages than English were excluded. RESULTS Through literature review after duplicate removals, 268 articles were retrieved. A total of 56 articles were screened and 15 articles were assessed for eligibility, finally, eleven articles were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Ever smoking was significantly associated with increased EDSS (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.01-0.28), but had no significant association with risk of reaching EDSS 4 (HR = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.89-1.72) or EDSS 6 (HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.88-1.57). Smoking had no effect on MSSS (SMD = 0.14, 95% CI = -0.04-0.32) or T2 lesion volume (SMD = 0.07, 95% CI = -0.08-0.22). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis showed smoking increased EDSS, insignificant findings were possibly due to the small number of studies, significant differences in methodologies, and variations in reporting of disability outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Heydarpour
- MS Research Center; Neuroscience Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - A. Manouchehrinia
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - O. Beiki
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences; Kermanshah Iran
| | - S. E. Mousavi
- Social Health Determinants Research Center; Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences; Shahrekord Iran
| | - A. Abdolalizadeh
- MS Research Center; Neuroscience Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - M. Moradi -Lakeh
- Department of Community Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - M. A. Sahraian
- MS Research Center; Neuroscience Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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Glastras SJ, Chen H, Pollock CA, Saad S. Maternal obesity increases the risk of metabolic disease and impacts renal health in offspring. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180050. [PMID: 29483369 PMCID: PMC5874265 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, together with insulin resistance, promotes multiple metabolic abnormalities and is strongly associated with an increased risk of chronic disease including type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The incidence of obesity continues to rise in astronomical proportions throughout the world and affects all the different stages of the lifespan. Importantly, the proportion of women of reproductive age who are overweight or obese is increasing at an alarming rate and has potential ramifications for offspring health and disease risk. Evidence suggests a strong link between the intrauterine environment and disease programming. The current review will describe the importance of the intrauterine environment in the development of metabolic disease, including kidney disease. It will detail the known mechanisms of fetal programming, including the role of epigenetic modulation. The evidence for the role of maternal obesity in the developmental programming of CKD is derived mostly from our rodent models which will be described. The clinical implication of such findings will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Glastras
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Carol A Pollock
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Jokubaitis VG, Zhou Y, Butzkueven H, Taylor BV. Genotype and Phenotype in Multiple Sclerosis-Potential for Disease Course Prediction? Curr Treat Options Neurol 2018; 20:18. [PMID: 29687310 DOI: 10.1007/s11940-018-0505-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will examine the current evidence that genetic and/or epigenetic variation may influence the multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical course, phenotype, and measures of MS severity including disability progression and relapse rate. RECENT FINDINGS There is little evidence that MS clinical phenotype is under significant genetic control. There is increasing evidence that there may be genetic determinants of the rate of disability progression. However, studies that can analyse disability progression and take into account all the confounding variables such as treatment, clinical characteristics, and environmental factors are by necessity longitudinal, relatively small, and generally of short duration, and thus do not lend themselves to the assessment of hundreds of thousands of genetic variables obtained from GWAS. Despite this, there is recent evidence to support the association of genetic loci with relapse rate. Recent progress suggests that genetic variations could be associated with disease severity, but not MS clinical phenotype, but these findings are not definitive and await replication. Pooling of study results, application of other genomic techniques including epigenomics, and analysis of biomarkers of progression could functionally validate putative severity markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilija G Jokubaitis
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Helmut Butzkueven
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Box Hill Hospital, Box Hill, Australia
| | - Bruce V Taylor
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
- Department of Neurology, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia.
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Abstract
Even though the importance of epigenetics was first recognized in light of its role in tissue development, an increasing amount of evidence has shown that it also plays an important role in the development and progression of many common diseases. We discuss some recent findings on one representative epigenetic modification, DNA methylation, in some common diseases. While many new risk factors have been identified through the population-based epigenetic epidemiologic studies on the role of epigenetics in common diseases, this relatively new field still faces many unique challenges. Here, we describe those promises and unique challenges of epigenetic epidemiological studies and propose some potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yun Liu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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