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Cserne Szappanos H, Viola HM, Ito DW, Lim S, Mangala M, Holliday M, Barratt Ross S, Semsarian C, Hill A, Dixon RE, Hool LC. Cytoskeletal disarray increases arrhythmogenic vulnerability during sympathetic stimulation in a model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11296. [PMID: 37438479 PMCID: PMC10338442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) patients are advised to avoid strenuous exercise due to increased risk of arrhythmias. Mice expressing the human FHC-causing mutation R403Q in the myosin heavy chain gene (MYH6) recapitulate the human phenotype, including cytoskeletal disarray and increased arrhythmia susceptibility. Following in vivo administration of isoproterenol, mutant mice exhibited tachyarrhythmias, poor recovery and fatigue. Arrhythmias were attenuated with the β-blocker atenolol and protein kinase A inhibitor PKI. Mutant cardiac myocytes had significantly prolonged action potentials and triggered automaticity due to reduced repolarization reserve and connexin 43 expression. Isoproterenol shortened cycle length, and escalated electrical instability. Surprisingly isoproterenol did not increase CaV1.2 current. We found alterations in CaV1.2-β1 adrenergic receptor colocalization assessed using super-resolution nanoscopy, and increased CaV1.2 phosphorylation in mutant hearts. Our results reveal for the first time that altered ion channel expression, co-localization and β-adrenergic receptor signaling associated with myocyte disarray contribute to electrical instability in the R403Q mutant heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena M Viola
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Danica W Ito
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Seakcheng Lim
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melissa Mangala
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mira Holliday
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Samantha Barratt Ross
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher Semsarian
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adam Hill
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rose E Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Livia C Hool
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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2
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Collins KB, Scott JD. Phosphorylation, compartmentalization, and cardiac function. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:353-369. [PMID: 36177749 PMCID: PMC10049969 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a fundamental element of cell signaling. First discovered as a biochemical switch in glycogen metabolism, we now know that this posttranslational modification permeates all aspects of cellular behavior. In humans, over 540 protein kinases attach phosphate to acceptor amino acids, whereas around 160 phosphoprotein phosphatases remove phosphate to terminate signaling. Aberrant phosphorylation underlies disease, and kinase inhibitor drugs are increasingly used clinically as targeted therapies. Specificity in protein phosphorylation is achieved in part because kinases and phosphatases are spatially organized inside cells. A prototypic example is compartmentalization of the cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A through association with A-kinase anchoring proteins. This configuration creates autonomous signaling islands where the anchored kinase is constrained in proximity to activators, effectors, and selected substates. This article primarily focuses on A kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) signaling in the heart with an emphasis on anchoring proteins that spatiotemporally coordinate excitation-contraction coupling and hypertrophic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie B. Collins
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Ave, Seattle WA, 98195
| | - John D. Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Ave, Seattle WA, 98195
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3
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Hool LC. Elucidating the role of the L-type calcium channel in excitability and energetics in the heart: The ISHR 2020 Research Achievement Award Lecture. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 172:100-108. [PMID: 36041287 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading health burden worldwide and with the rising rates in obesity and type II diabetes and ongoing effects of long COVID, it is anticipated that the burden of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality will increase. Calcium is essential to cardiac excitation and contraction. The main route for Ca2+ influx is the L-type Ca2+ channel (Cav1.2) and embryos that are homozygous null for the Cav1.2 gene are lethal at day 14 postcoitum. Acute changes in Ca2+ influx through the channel contribute to arrhythmia and sudden death, and chronic increases in intracellular Ca2+ contribute to pathological hypertrophy and heart failure. We use a multidisciplinary approach to study the regulation of the channel from the molecular level through to in vivo CRISPR mutant animal models. Here we describe some examples of our work from over 2 decades studying the role of the channel under physiological and pathological conditions. Our single channel analysis of purified human Cav1.2 protein in proteoliposomes has contributed to understanding direct molecular regulation of the channel including identifying the critical serine involved in the "fight or flight" response. Using the same approach we identified the cysteine responsible for altered function during oxidative stress. Chronic activation of the L-type Ca2+ channel during oxidative stress occurs as a result of persistent glutathionylation of the channel that contributes to the development of hypertrophy. We describe for the first time that activation of the channel alters mitochondrial function (and energetics) on a beat-to-beat basis via movement of cytoskeletal proteins. In translational studies we have used this response to "report" mitochondrial function in models of cardiomyopathy and to test efficacy of novel therapies to prevent cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia C Hool
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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4
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New aspects in cardiac L-type Ca2+ channel regulation. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:39-49. [PMID: 32065210 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling is initiated with the influx of Ca2+ ions across the plasma membrane through voltage-gated L-type calcium channels. This process is tightly regulated by modulation of the channel open probability and channel localization. Protein kinase A (PKA) is found in close association with the channel and is one of the main regulators of its function. Whether this kinase is modulating the channel open probability by phosphorylation of key residues or via alternative mechanisms is unclear. This review summarizes recent findings regarding the PKA-mediated channel modulation and will highlight recently discovered regulatory mechanisms that are independent of PKA activity and involve protein-protein interactions and channel localization.
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Molecular characteristics and abundance of insulin-like androgenic gland hormone and effects of RNA interference in Eriocheir sinensis. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 215:106332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Ebner J, Cagalinec M, Kubista H, Todt H, Szabo PL, Kiss A, Podesser BK, Cserne Szappanos H, Hool LC, Hilber K, Koenig X. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase regulation of calcium cycling in ventricular cardiomyocytes is independent of Ca v1.2 channel modulation under basal conditions. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:61-74. [PMID: 31822999 PMCID: PMC6960210 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is considered a regulator of Cav1.2 L-type Ca2+ channels and downstream Ca2+ cycling in the heart. The commonest view is that nitric oxide (NO), generated by nNOS activity in cardiomyocytes, reduces the currents through Cav1.2 channels. This gives rise to a diminished Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and finally reduced contractility. Here, we report that nNOS inhibitor substances significantly increase intracellular Ca2+ transients in ventricular cardiomyocytes derived from adult mouse and rat hearts. This is consistent with an inhibitory effect of nNOS/NO activity on Ca2+ cycling and contractility. Whole cell currents through L-type Ca2+ channels in rodent myocytes, on the other hand, were not substantially affected by the application of various NOS inhibitors, or application of a NO donor substance. Moreover, the presence of NO donors had no effect on the single-channel open probability of purified human Cav1.2 channel protein reconstituted in artificial liposomes. These results indicate that nNOS/NO activity does not directly modify Cav1.2 channel function. We conclude that-against the currently prevailing view-basal Cav1.2 channel activity in ventricular cardiomyocytes is not substantially regulated by nNOS activity and NO. Hence, nNOS/NO inhibition of Ca2+ cycling and contractility occurs independently of direct regulation of Cav1.2 channels by NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Ebner
- Department of Neurophysiology and-Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michal Cagalinec
- Department of Cellular Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Helmut Kubista
- Department of Neurophysiology and-Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Todt
- Department of Neurophysiology and-Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra L Szabo
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Attila Kiss
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bruno K Podesser
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Livia C Hool
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Hilber
- Department of Neurophysiology and-Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Xaver Koenig
- Department of Neurophysiology and-Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Esposito G, Carsana A. Metabolic Alterations in Cardiomyocytes of Patients with Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophies. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122151. [PMID: 31817415 PMCID: PMC6947625 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD/BMD) result in progressive weakness of skeletal and cardiac muscles due to the deficiency of functional dystrophin. Respiratory failure is a leading cause of mortality in DMD patients; however, improved management of the respiratory symptoms have increased patients' life expectancy, thereby also increasing the clinical relevance of heart disease. In fact, the prevalence of cardiomyopathy, which significantly contributes to mortality in DMD patients, increases with age and disease progression, so that over 95% of adult patients has cardiomyopathy signs. We here review the current literature featuring the metabolic alterations observed in the dystrophic heart of the mdx mouse, i.e., the best-studied animal model of the disease, and discuss their pathophysiological role in the DMD heart. It is well assessed that dystrophin deficiency is associated with pathological alterations of lipid metabolism, intracellular calcium levels, neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase localization, and NO and reactive oxygen species production. These metabolic stressors contribute to impair the function of the cardiac mitochondrial bulk, which has a relevant pathophysiological role in the development of cardiomyopathy. In fact, mitochondrial dysfunction becomes more severe as the dystrophic process progresses, thereby indicating it may be both the cause and the consequence of the dystrophic process in the DMD heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Esposito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Carsana
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Bae H, Kim T, Lim I. Effects of nitric oxide on apoptosis and voltage-gated calcium channels in human cardiac myofibroblasts. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:16-26. [PMID: 31519057 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We characterised the voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) in human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) and myofibroblasts (HCMFs) and investigated the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on apoptosis and on these channels. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses show that α-smooth muscle actin (a myofibroblast marker) was markedly expressed in passage (P) 12-15 but not in P4 HCF cells, whereas calponin (a fibroblast marker) was expressed only in P4 cells. CaV 1.2 (L-type) and CaV 3.3 (T-type) of VGCCs were highly expressed in P12-15 cells, but only weak CaV 2.3 (R-type) expression was identified in P4 cells using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP, an NO donor) decreased cell viability of HCMFs in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptotic changes, and nifedipine (an L-type Ca2+ channel blocker) prevented apoptosis as shown with immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Whole-cell mode patch-clamp recordings demonstrate the presence of L-type Ca2+ (IC a,L ) and T-type Ca2+ (IC a,T ) currents in HCMFs. SNAP inhibited IC a,L of HCMFs, but pre-treatment with ODQ (a guanylate cyclase inhibitor) or KT5823 (a PKG inhibitor) prevented it. Pre-treating cells with KT5720 (a PKA inhibitor) or SQ22536 (an adenylate cyclase inhibitor) blocked SNAP-induced inhibition of IC a,L . 8-Bromo-cyclic GMP or 8-bromo-cyclic AMP also inhibited IC a,L . However, pre-treatment with N-ethylmaleimide (a thiol-alkylating reagent) did not block the SNAP effect, nor did DL-dithiothreitol (a reducing agent) reverse it. These data suggest that high concentrations of NO injure HCMFs and inhibit IC a,L through the PKG and PKA signalling pathways but not through the S-nitrosylation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemi Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inja Lim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mass Spectrometry Based Comparative Proteomics Using One Dimensional and Two Dimensional SDS-PAGE of Rat Atria Induced with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1140:541-561. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Voltage-Dependent Sarcolemmal Ion Channel Abnormalities in the Dystrophin-Deficient Heart. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113296. [PMID: 30360568 PMCID: PMC6274787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding for the intracellular protein dystrophin cause severe forms of muscular dystrophy. These so-called dystrophinopathies are characterized by skeletal muscle weakness and degeneration. Dystrophin deficiency also gives rise to considerable complications in the heart, including cardiomyopathy development and arrhythmias. The current understanding of the pathomechanisms in the dystrophic heart is limited, but there is growing evidence that dysfunctional voltage-dependent ion channels in dystrophin-deficient cardiomyocytes play a significant role. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge about abnormalities in voltage-dependent sarcolemmal ion channel properties in the dystrophic heart, and discuss the potentially underlying mechanisms, as well as their pathophysiological relevance.
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Conrad R, Stölting G, Hendriks J, Ruello G, Kortzak D, Jordan N, Gensch T, Hidalgo P. Rapid Turnover of the Cardiac L-Type Ca V1.2 Channel by Endocytic Recycling Regulates Its Cell Surface Availability. iScience 2018; 7:1-15. [PMID: 30267672 PMCID: PMC6135870 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium entry through CaV1.2 L-type calcium channels regulates cardiac contractility. Here, we study the impact of exocytic and post-endocytic trafficking on cell surface channel abundance in cardiomyocytes. Single-molecule localization and confocal microscopy reveal an intracellular CaV1.2 pool tightly associated with microtubules from the perinuclear region to the cell periphery, and with actin filaments at the cell cortex. Channels newly inserted into the plasma membrane become internalized with an average time constant of 7.5 min and are sorted out to the Rab11a-recycling compartment. CaV1.2 recycling suffices for maintaining stable L-type current amplitudes over 20 hr independent of de novo channel transport along microtubules. Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton re-routes CaV1.2 from recycling toward lysosomal degradation. We identify endocytic recycling as essential for the homeostatic regulation of voltage-dependent calcium influx into cardiomyocytes. This mechanism provides the basis for a dynamic adjustment of the channel's surface availability and thus, of heart's contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Conrad
- Institute of Complex Systems 4, Zelluläre Biophysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Gabriel Stölting
- Institute of Complex Systems 4, Zelluläre Biophysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Johnny Hendriks
- Institute of Complex Systems 4, Zelluläre Biophysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Giovanna Ruello
- Institute of Complex Systems 4, Zelluläre Biophysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Daniel Kortzak
- Institute of Complex Systems 4, Zelluläre Biophysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Nadine Jordan
- Institute of Complex Systems 4, Zelluläre Biophysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gensch
- Institute of Complex Systems 4, Zelluläre Biophysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Patricia Hidalgo
- Institute of Complex Systems 4, Zelluläre Biophysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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