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Liu S, Valks P, Curci G, Chen Y, Shu L, Jin J, Sun S, Pu D, Li X, Li J, Zuo X, Fu W, Li Y, Zhang P, Yang X, Fu TM, Zhu L. Satellite NO 2 Retrieval Complicated by Aerosol Composition over Global Urban Agglomerations: Seasonal Variations and Long-Term Trends (2001-2018). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7891-7903. [PMID: 38602183 PMCID: PMC11080052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) poses a serious threat to the environmental quality and public health. Satellite NO2 observations have been continuously used to monitor NO2 variations and improve model performances. However, the accuracy of satellite NO2 retrieval depends on the knowledge of aerosol optical properties, in particular for urban agglomerations accompanied by significant changes in aerosol characteristics. In this study, we investigate the impacts of aerosol composition on tropospheric NO2 retrieval for an 18 year global data set from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME)-series satellite sensors. With a focus on cloud-free scenes dominated by the presence of aerosols, individual aerosol composition affects the uncertainties of tropospheric NO2 columns through impacts on the aerosol loading amount, relative vertical distribution of aerosol and NO2, aerosol absorption properties, and surface albedo determination. Among aerosol compositions, secondary inorganic aerosol mostly dominates the NO2 uncertainty by up to 43.5% in urban agglomerations, while organic aerosols contribute significantly to the NO2 uncertainty by -8.9 to 37.3% during biomass burning seasons. The possible contrary influences from different aerosol species highlight the importance and complexity of aerosol correction on tropospheric NO2 retrieval and indicate the need for a full picture of aerosol properties. This is of particular importance for interpreting seasonal variations or long-term trends of tropospheric NO2 columns as well as for mitigating ozone and fine particulate matter pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology,
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution
Control (AEMPC), Nanjing University of Information
Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Pieter Valks
- Institut
für Methodik der Fernerkundung (IMF), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen 82234, Germany
| | - Gabriele Curci
- Department
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University
of L’Aquila, L’Aquila 67100, Italy
- Center
of Excellence in Telesensing of Environment and Model Prediction of
Severe Events, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Yuyang Chen
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lei Shu
- School of
Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Jianbing Jin
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution
Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment
and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Shuai Sun
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dongchuan Pu
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xicheng Li
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Juan Li
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoxing Zuo
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weitao Fu
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yali Li
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tzung-May Fu
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Pippal PS, Kumar R, Kumar R, Singh A. Integrating satellite and model data to explore spatial-temporal changes in aerosol optical properties and their meteorological relationships in northwest India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:170835. [PMID: 38354813 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of Aerosol Optical Properties across Northwest India using aerosol data from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) sensors from 2003 to 2022. Therefore, this study investigated the decadal, interannual, and seasonal changes in aerosol optical properties, vegetation index, and meteorological parameters in the northwest Indian region (8 boxes). Using GIOVANNI (Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) Online Visualization and Analysis Infrastructure), we retrieved daily and monthly Aqua and Terra MODIS products of aerosol optical depth (AOD), Angstrom exponent (AE), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and OMI aerosol index (AI) to examine the spatiotemporal variations by using statistical approaches. The results demonstrated that the decadal averages of aerosol properties showed values of AOD 0.35 (Aqua) and 0.34 (Terra) and AE 1.20 (Aqua) and 1.10 (Terra) with the highest levels during the post-monsoon. Notably, the mean interannual concentrations of AOD and NDVI consistently surpass 0.3, and AE and AI exceed 1 in most locations, underscoring the persistence of high aerosol loading. Also, the study revealed a negative decadal change in AOD of about -8.24 %, while AE, AI, and NDVI showed positive decadal changes of about 9.24 %, 15.09 %, and 12.67 %, respectively. In addition, aerosol optical properties and local meteorology strongly correlated (-0.8 to +0.8). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identifies meteorological parameters as significant drivers, with the first three components explaining over 70 % of the variation in aerosol optical properties. The NOAA HYSPLIT trajectory model suggests that the long-distance dust transport from the Arabian Peninsula frequently penetrates Gujarat province and then to northwest India. The results contributed to air quality management strategies and provided valuable insights into regional climate and air quality with the influence of meteorology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prity S Pippal
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India; Department of Environmental Science, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Atar Singh
- Centre for Cryosphere and Climate Change Studies, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India
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Wang F, Xu Y, Patel PN, Gautam R, Gao M, Liu C, Ding Y, Chen H, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Carmichael GR, McElroy MB. Arctic amplification-induced decline in West and South Asia dust warrants stronger antidesertification toward carbon neutrality. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317444121. [PMID: 38527208 PMCID: PMC10998603 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317444121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Dust loading in West and South Asia has been a major environmental issue due to its negative effects on air quality, food security, energy supply and public health, as well as on regional and global weather and climate. Yet a robust understanding of its recent changes and future projection remains unclear. On the basis of several high-quality remote sensing products, we detect a consistently decreasing trend of dust loading in West and South Asia over the last two decades. In contrast to previous studies emphasizing the role of local land use changes, here, we attribute the regional dust decline to the continuous intensification of Arctic amplification driven by anthropogenic global warming. Arctic amplification results in anomalous mid-latitude atmospheric circulation, particularly a deepened trough stretching from West Siberia to Northeast India, which inhibits both dust emissions and their downstream transports. Large ensemble climate model simulations further support the dominant role of greenhouse gases induced Arctic amplification in modulating dust loading over West and South Asia. Future projections under different emission scenarios imply potential adverse effects of carbon neutrality in leading to higher regional dust loading and thus highlight the importance of stronger anti-desertification counter-actions such as reforestation and irrigation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX77843
- Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, DC20009
| | - Piyushkumar N. Patel
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN37830
| | | | - Meng Gao
- Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei230031, China
| | - Yihui Ding
- National Climate Center, Chinese Meteorological Administration, Beijing100081, China
| | - Haishan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing210044, China
| | - Yuanjian Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing210044, China
| | - Yuyu Zhou
- Department of Geography and Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Gregory R. Carmichael
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
| | - Michael B. McElroy
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
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4
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Asutosh A, Vinoj V. Role of local absorbing aerosols in modulating Indian summer monsoon rainfall. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 910:168663. [PMID: 37981155 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Absorbing aerosols and their impact on the Indian monsoon system is highly complex and demands more scientific understanding. Our study using a chemistry-coupled regional climate model (RegCM 4.5) with idealized experiments observed that natural and anthropogenic absorbing aerosols (i.e., dust and carbonaceous aerosols) reduce monsoon precipitation in a seasonal time scale. More than 1 mm day-1 decline in mean summertime rainfall was observed over parts of the central Indian region and Indo-Gangetic plane for dust aerosol. A substantial reduction in the land-sea pressure gradient and lower tropospheric moisture distribution were found to control the observed modulation in rainfall. Near-surface wind circulation responded distinctly to natural (dust) and anthropogenic (carbonaceous) aerosols. The dust forcing weakened the monsoon trough by creating an anomalous anticyclonic circulation. The Northern Arabian Sea acted as a moisture source for the carbonaceous aerosol forcing. Intraseasonal rainfall over central India appeared to have a sharp reduction for dust forcing during early June, with a moderate increase for carbonaceous aerosols. Such quantification is essential for understanding the impact of aerosol forcing on regional climate change and the water cycle and has implications for emissions management and mitigation policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Asutosh
- School of Earth, Ocean, and Climate Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752 050, India; National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.
| | - V Vinoj
- School of Earth, Ocean, and Climate Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752 050, India
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5
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Gupta G, Ratnam MV, Madhavan BL. Changing patterns in the highly contributing aerosol types/species across the globe in the past two decades. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165389. [PMID: 37423288 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
With the rapidly changing aerosol emissions due to the increase in urbanization, energy consumption, population density, and industrialization in the past two decades across the globe, there is an evolution of different chemical properties of aerosols that are yet not quantified properly. Therefore, a rigorous attempt is made in this study to obtain the long-term changing patterns in the contribution of different aerosol types/species, to the total aerosol loading. This study is carried out only over those regions exhibiting either increasing or decreasing trends in the aerosol optical depth (AOD) parameter on a global scale. Applying the multivariate linear regression trend analysis on Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Application version 2 (MERRA-2) aerosol species dataset obtained between 2001 and 2020, we found that despite the overall statistically significant decrease in total columnar AOD trend values over North-Eastern America, and Eastern and Central China regions, an increase in the dust and organic carbon aerosols is observed, respectively. As the uneven vertical distribution of aerosols can alter the direct radiative effects, the extinction profiles of different aerosol types obtained using Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) dataset between 2006 and 2020, are further partitioned, for the first time, based on their presence in different altitudes (i.e., within the atmospheric boundary layer and free-troposphere) as well as measurement timing (i.e., daytime and night-time) regimes. The detailed analysis showed that there exists an overall higher contribution of aerosols persisting in the free troposphere region which in turn can have a long-term effect on climate due to their higher residence time, particularly absorbing aerosols. As the trends are mostly associated with the changes in energy use, regional regulatory policies, and/or changing background meteorology conditions, therefore this study also elaborates on the effectiveness of these factors with the changes obtained in different aerosol species/types over the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopika Gupta
- National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL), Gadanki 517112, India
| | - M Venkat Ratnam
- National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL), Gadanki 517112, India.
| | - B L Madhavan
- National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL), Gadanki 517112, India
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6
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Ghosh S, Kumar A, Ganguly D, Dey S. India's photovoltaic potential amidst air pollution and land constraints. iScience 2023; 26:107856. [PMID: 37817936 PMCID: PMC10561047 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
India aims for ambitious solar energy goal to fulfill its climate commitment but there are limited studies on solar resource assessment considering both environmental and land availability constraints. The present work attempts to address this issue using satellite-derived air pollution, radiation, and land use data over the Indian region. Surface insolation over India has been decreasing at a rate of -0.29 ± 0.19 Wm-2 y-1 between 2001 and 2018. Solar resources over nearly 98%, 40%, and 39% of the Indian landmass are significantly impacted by aerosols, clouds, and both aerosols and clouds respectively. Only 29.3% of the Indian landmass is presently suitable for effective solar photovoltaic harnessing, but this is further declining by -0.21% annually, causing a presumptive loss of 50 GW solar potential, translating 75 TWh power generation. Lowering two decades of aerosol burden can make 8% additional landmass apt for photovoltaic use. Alleviating aerosol-induced dimming can fast-track India's solar energy expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushovan Ghosh
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Alok Kumar
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Dilip Ganguly
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sagnik Dey
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
- Arun Duggal Centre of Excellence for Research in Climate Change and Air Pollution, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
- School of Public Policy, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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7
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Sun Y, Gao P, Tariq S, Shahzad H, Mehmood U, Ul Haq Z. Analysis of aerosol optical depth and relation to covariates during pre-monsoon season (2002-2019) over Pakistan using ARIMAX model and cross-wavelet analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116436. [PMID: 37356525 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The pre-monsoon season heavily influences the precipitation amount in Pakistan. When hydrometeorological parameters interact with aerosols from multiple sources, a radiative climatic response is observed. In this study, aerosol optical depth (AOD) space-time dynamics were analyzed in relation to meteorological factors and surface parameters during the pre-monsoon season in the years 2002-2019 over Pakistan. Level-3 (L3) monthly datasets from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Multi-Angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) were used. Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) derived monthly precipitation, Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) derived air temperature, after moist relative humidity (RH) from Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version-2 (MERRA-2), near-surface wind speed, and soil moisture data derived from Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) were also used on a monthly time scale. For AOD trend analysis, Mann-Kendall (MK) trend test was applied. Moreover, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Explanatory variable (ARIMAX) technique was applied to observe the actual and predicted AOD trend, as well as test the multicollinearity of AOD with covariates. The periodicities of AOD were analyzed using continuous wavelet transformation (CWT) and the cross relationships of AOD with prevailing covariates on a time-frequency scale were analyzed by wavelet coherence analysis. A high variation of aerosols was observed in the spatiotemporal domain. The MK test showed a decreasing trend in AOD which was most significant in Baluchistan and Punjab, and the overall trend differs between MODIS and MISR datasets. ARIMAX model shows the correlation of AOD with varying meteorological and soil parameters. Wavelet analysis provides the abundance of periodicities in the 2-8 months periodic cycles. The coherency nature of the AOD time series along with other covariates manifests leading and lagging effects in the periodicities. Through this, a notable difference was concluded in space-time patterns between MODIS and MISR datasets. These findings may prove useful for short-term and long-term studies including oscillating features of AOD and covariates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Sun
- School of Economics, Tianjin University of Commerce, China.
| | - Pengpeng Gao
- School of Economics, Tianjin University of Commerce, China
| | - Salman Tariq
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab (National Center of GIS and Space Applications), Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Space Science, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Shahzad
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab (National Center of GIS and Space Applications), Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Usman Mehmood
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab (National Center of GIS and Space Applications), Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore, Pakistan; University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ul Haq
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab (National Center of GIS and Space Applications), Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Space Science, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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8
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Ray I, Das R, Chua SL, Wang X. Seasonal variation of atmospheric Pb sources in Singapore - Elemental and lead isotopic compositions of PM 10 as source tracer. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136029. [PMID: 36028124 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Southeast Asia has become a hotspot of anthropogenic particulate matter (PM) emissions due to increased coal combustion, high-temperature industrial operations, vehicular traffic, and agricultural biomass burning. Lead (Pb), a criteria pollutant, bound to such PM can be hazardous when inhaled, even at extremely low concentrations. Precise and accurate source apportionment of atmospheric Pb is thus, critical in order to minimize its exposure. This study investigates the sources of atmospheric Pb in Singapore aerosol samples (PM10) using Pb isotopes and elemental composition as tracers of contamination sources. PM10 aerosol sampling was conducted over a period of 1 year from June 2017 to May 2018 to capture the seasonal variations in sources of atmospheric Pb. Elemental concentrations reveal particularly high enrichment factors for Pb, Cu, V, Ni and Zn, especially when under the influence of southwest (SW) and inter monsoon (IM) winds. Pb isotopic ratios across the three seasons (206/207Pb = 1.147-1.150 and 208/207Pb = 2.420-2.428) are not significantly different. The Pb isotopic signatures and V/Ni ratios for all three seasons overlap with those of gasoline, diesel and ship emissions. Moreover, V/Pb values of more than unity for SW and IM winds suggest influence of transboundary coal combustion emissions particularly from Indonesia. Consequently, using Pb isotopic fingerprints and elemental ratios, we find that the primary sources of atmospheric Pb are vehicular & ship emissions, heavy oil combustion, transboundary coal combustion emissions, waste incineration and recirculation of historic leaded gasoline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iravati Ray
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Reshmi Das
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India; Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| | - Song Lin Chua
- Asian School of Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Asian School of Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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9
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Singh A, Anchule A, Banerjee T, Aditi K, Mhawish A. Three-dimensional nature of summertime aerosols over South Asia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156834. [PMID: 35750188 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (temporal-spatial-vertical) climatology of South Asian summertime (MAMJ, 2010-2019) aerosols and aerosol sub-types was explored using multiple high-resolution satellite-based observations and reanalysis dataset. Vertical stratification of aerosol layer and aerosol sub-types was identified using observation from space-borne lidar. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) was particularly high across the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP; AOD ± SD: 0.56 ± 0.12) and over eastern coast of India (AOD: 0.6-0.8), with prevalence of heterogeneous aerosol sub-types having strong spatial gradient. Clearly, aerosols over north-western arid part were highly absorbing (Ultra-violet Aerosol Index, UVAI > 0.80) and coarse (Ångström exponent, AE < 0.8), with an indication of desert/-mineral dust aerosols. In contrast, fine and moderate to non-absorbing aerosols (UVAI: 0.20-0.50) dominate from central to lower IGP, including in Bangladesh, with signature of anthropogenic emissions. Prevailing aerosols over twelve South Asian cities were classified into six aerosol sub-types constraining their particle size and UV-absorbing potential. Overall, mineral dust, smoke and urban aerosols were the three major aerosol sub-types that prevail across South Asia during summer. In particular, 58-70 % of retrieval days over Karachi and Multan were dust dominated; 57-64 % days were dust or urban aerosols dominated over Lahore, Delhi, Kanpur and Varanasi, and 56-77 % days were smoke or urban aerosols dominated over Dhaka, Kathmandu, Chennai, Mumbai, Colombo and Nagpur. Prevailing aerosols were vertically stratified as 50-70 % of total AOD was retrieved <2 km from the surface except in few cities where 70-80 % of AOD was retrieved <3 km height. Mineral dust and/or urban aerosols emerged as the most abundant aerosol types near the surface (<1 km) in all the cities except in Chennai, with their abundance remained as a function of emission sources and geographical location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Singh
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Avinash Anchule
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Tirthankar Banerjee
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; DST-Mahamana Centre of Excellence in Climate Change Research, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Kumari Aditi
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; DST-Mahamana Centre of Excellence in Climate Change Research, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Alaa Mhawish
- Lab of Environmental Remote Sensing, School of Marine Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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10
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Tyagi N, Upadhyay MK, Majumdar A, Pathak SK, Giri B, Jaiswal MK, Srivastava S. An assessment of various potentially toxic elements and associated health risks in agricultural soil along the middle Gangetic basin, India. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134433. [PMID: 35390408 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study analysed the levels of potentially toxic elements along with physico-chemical properties of agricultural soil samples (n = 59) collected from fields situated along the path of river Ganga in the middle Gangetic floodplain in two districts, Ballia and Ghazipur. Arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) levels were analysed by Wavelength Dispersive-X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (WD-XRF) and the associated health risks along with diverse indices were calculated. The mean concentrations of As, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn and Ni were found to be 15, 42, 85, 18, 87 and 47 mg kg-1, respectively in Ballia and 13, 31, 73, 22, 77 and 34 mg kg-1, respectively in Ghazipur. Physico-chemical properties like pH, ORP and organic matter were found to be 7.91, 209 and 1.20, respectively in Ballia and 8.51, 155 and 1.25, respectively in Ghazipur. The calculated health quotient (HQ) for all the elements was observed to be within the threshold value of one, however with few exemptions. Therefore, the present study showcases the contamination of potentially toxic elements in agricultural fields and possible health hazards for people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Tyagi
- Plant Stress Biology Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Munish Kumar Upadhyay
- Plant Stress Biology Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arnab Majumdar
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, 761234, West Bengal, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Pathak
- Plant Stress Biology Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Biswajit Giri
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, 761234, West Bengal, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, 761234, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Plant Stress Biology Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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11
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Asutosh A, Vinoj V, Murukesh N, Ramisetty R, Mittal N. Investigation of June 2020 giant Saharan dust storm using remote sensing observations and model reanalysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6114. [PMID: 35414155 PMCID: PMC9005708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper investigates the characteristics and impact of a major Saharan dust storm during June 14th–19th 2020 on atmospheric radiative and thermodynamics properties over the Atlantic Ocean. The event witnessed the highest ever aerosol optical depth for June since 2002. The satellites and high-resolution model reanalysis products well captured the origin and spread of the dust storm. The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) measured total attenuated backscatter and aerosol subtype profiles, lower angstrom exponent values (~ 0.12) from Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Application—version 2 (MERRA-2) and higher aerosol index value from Ozone monitoring instrument (> 4) tracked the presence of elevated dust. It was found that the dust AOD was as much as 250–300% higher than their climatology resulting in an atmospheric radiative forcing ~ 200% larger. As a result, elevated warming (8–16%) was observed, followed by a drop in relative humidity (2–4%) in the atmospheric column, as evidenced by both in-situ and satellite measurements. Quantifications such as these for extreme dust events provide significant insights that may help in understanding their climate effects, including improvements to dust simulations using chemistry-climate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Asutosh
- School of Earth, Ocean and Climate Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India.
| | - V Vinoj
- School of Earth, Ocean and Climate Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Nuncio Murukesh
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Goa, 403804, India
| | | | - Nishant Mittal
- TSI Instruments India Private Limited, Bangalore, 560102, India
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12
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Flood-Pulse Variability and Climate Change Effects Increase Uncertainty in Fish Yields: Revisiting Narratives of Declining Fish Catches in India’s Ganga River. HYDROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/hydrology9040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
River-floodplains support a significant number of small-scale capture fisheries despite having undergone degradation due to human modification of river flows by dams, pollution, and climate change. River fish production is underpinned by the annual flood-pulse and associated environmental changes that act as cues for spawning and dispersal for most species. However, studies on fish stock declines have focused more on overfishing than on hydroclimatic variability. Therefore, understanding how changes in flood-pulse variability influence fishing effort and yields is critical to inform adaptive fisheries’ management. We investigated hydroclimatic factors driving flood-pulse variability and fish catch–effort dynamics in India’s Ganga River over two decades (2000–2020). We compiled fishers’ narratives of changing fish catches through semi-structured interviews to compare them with our observed trends. Flood amplitude showed increasing variability, longer duration, and earlier rise timings, linked to La Niña and El Niño phases. Catches per unit effort were correlated with total yield and effort but did not decline as fishers thought, despite overall declines in yield over time. Hydroclimatic variability was a more significant driver of changing yields than local fishing pressure. Rising uncertainty in fisheries’ production, in response to increasing flood-pulse variability and altered flows in the Gangetic Plains, may be affecting fishing behaviour and underlying resource conflicts.
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13
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Azam MF, Kargel JS, Shea JM, Nepal S, Haritashya UK, Srivastava S, Maussion F, Qazi N, Chevallier P, Dimri AP, Kulkarni AV, Cogley JG, Bahuguna I. Glaciohydrology of the Himalaya-Karakoram. Science 2021; 373:science.abf3668. [PMID: 34112726 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the response of Himalayan-Karakoram (HK) rivers to climate change is crucial for ~1 billion people who partly depend on these water resources. Policy-makers tasked with sustainable water resources management require an assessment of the rivers' current status and potential future changes. We show that glacier and snow melt are important components of HK rivers, with greater hydrological importance for the Indus basin than for the Ganges and Brahmaputra basins. Total river runoff, glacier melt, and seasonality of flow are projected to increase until the 2050s, with some exceptions and large uncertainties. Critical knowledge gaps severely affect modeled contributions of different runoff components, future runoff volumes, and seasonality. Therefore, comprehensive field observation-based and remote sensing-based methods and models are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Farooq Azam
- Discipline of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol 453552, India.
| | | | - Joseph M Shea
- Geography Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Santosh Nepal
- International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Umesh K Haritashya
- Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
| | - Smriti Srivastava
- Discipline of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol 453552, India
| | - Fabien Maussion
- Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nuzhat Qazi
- National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India
| | - Pierre Chevallier
- Hydrosciences Laboratory (CNRS, IRD, University of Montpellier), CC 57, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - A P Dimri
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil V Kulkarni
- Indian Institute of Science, Divecha Center for Climate Change, Bangalore, India
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14
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Wang T, Tang J, Sun M, Liu X, Huang Y, Huang J, Han Y, Cheng Y, Huang Z, Li J. Identifying a transport mechanism of dust aerosols over South Asia to the Tibetan Plateau: A case study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143714. [PMID: 33223157 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dust aerosol, one of the important light-absorbing impurities in snow and ice sheets in the Tibet Plateau (TP), can significantly affect the magnitude and timing of snow melting and glacier recession by altering the surface albedo. It is thus of great importance to understand the potential source and transport mechanism of the dust aerosol over the TP. A typical dust storm case, erupted from the Thar Desert (ThD) in South Asia on 1 to 4 May 2018, was selected to understand synoptic causes and a transport mechanism to the TP using the latest Second Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-2) reanalysis data. Comparing with active/passive satellite-based and AERONET-based observations, the MERRA-2 data provide both the spatio-temporal distribution and evolution process of the dust aerosol more accurately. This study also found that the entire Indian-Gangetic Plain (IGP), Southern India, the Bay of Bengal, and even the TP were influenced by the dust event. The synoptic analysis showed that the dust storm was caused jointly by an upper-level jet stream (ULJS), an upper trough and the subtropical high. A typical south-north secondary circulation adjacent its exit zone, mainly triggered by the ULJS, promoted much stronger and higher vertical uplift of the dust aerosols over the ThD. Consequently, those uplifted dust particles were easily transported to the TP across the majestic Himalayas by the southerly airflows in front of the low-pressure trough over Afghanistan and the southern branch trough over the Bengal Bay. These results indicate that dust aerosol and anthropogenic pollutions constrained and driven by the typical atmospheric circulation condition from South Asia are likely to be transported to the TP. Therefore, it is necessary to further pay attention to the influence of dust aerosols from South Asia on the weather and climate in the TP and its downstream areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhe Wang
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jingyi Tang
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Mengxian Sun
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- Lanzhou Central Meteorological Observatory, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Yuxia Huang
- Lanzhou Central Meteorological Observatory, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Jianping Huang
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Ying Han
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yifan Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhongwei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiming Li
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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15
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A Global Climatology of Dust Aerosols Based on Satellite Data: Spatial, Seasonal and Inter-Annual Patterns over the Period 2005–2019. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A satellite-based algorithm is developed and used to determine the presence of dust aerosols on a global scale. The algorithm uses as input aerosol optical properties from the MOderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-Aqua Collection 6.1 and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)-Aura version v003 (OMAER-UV) datasets and identifies the existence of dust aerosols in the atmosphere by applying specific thresholds, which ensure the coarse size and the absorptivity of dust aerosols, on the input optical properties. The utilized aerosol optical properties are the multiwavelength aerosol optical depth (AOD), the Aerosol Absorption Index (AI) and the Ångström Exponent (a). The algorithm operates on a daily basis and at 1° × 1° latitude-longitude spatial resolution for the period 2005–2019 and computes the absolute and relative frequency of the occurrence of dust. The monthly and annual mean frequencies are calculated on a pixel level for each year of the study period, enabling the study of the seasonal as well as the inter-annual variation of dust aerosols’ occurrence all over the globe. Temporal averaging is also applied to the annual values in order to estimate the 15-year climatological mean values. Apart from temporal, a spatial averaging is also applied for the entire globe as well as for specific regions of interest, namely great global deserts and areas of desert dust export. According to the algorithm results, the highest frequencies of dust occurrence (up to 160 days/year) are primarily observed over the western part of North Africa (Sahara), and over the broader area of Bodélé, and secondarily over the Asian Taklamakan desert (140 days/year). For most of the study regions, the maximum frequencies appear in boreal spring and/or summer and the minimum ones in winter or autumn. A clear seasonality of global dust is revealed, with the lowest frequencies in November–December and the highest ones in June. Finally, an increasing trend of global dust frequency of occurrence from 2005 to 2019, equal to 56.2%, is also found. Such an increasing trend is observed over all study regions except for North Middle East, where a slight decreasing trend (−2.4%) is found.
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16
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A Satellite-Based High-Resolution (1-km) Ambient PM2.5 Database for India over Two Decades (2000–2019): Applications for Air Quality Management. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12233872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a major criteria pollutant affecting the environment, health and climate. In India where ground-based measurements of PM2.5 is scarce, it is important to have a long-term database at a high spatial resolution for an efficient air quality management plan. Here we develop and present a high-resolution (1-km) ambient PM2.5 database spanning two decades (2000–2019) for India. We convert aerosol optical depth from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) retrieved by Multiangle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm to surface PM2.5 using a dynamic scaling factor from Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA-2) data. The satellite-derived daily (24-h average) and annual PM2.5 show a R2 of 0.8 and 0.97 and root mean square error of 25.7 and 7.2 μg/m3, respectively against surface measurements from the Central Pollution Control Board India network. Population-weighted 20-year averaged PM2.5 over India is 57.3 μg/m3 (5–95 percentile ranges: 16.8–86.9) with a larger increase observed in the present decade (2010–2019) than in the previous decade (2000 to 2009). Poor air quality across the urban–rural transact suggests that this is a regional scale problem, a fact that is often neglected. The database is freely disseminated through a web portal ‘satellite-based application for air quality monitoring and management at a national scale’ (SAANS) for air quality management, epidemiological research and mass awareness.
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17
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Land Cover Change Dynamics and their Impacts on Thermal Environment of Dadri Block, Gautam Budh Nagar, India. JOURNAL OF LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/jlecol-2020-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Land use / land cover (LULC) has been considered as one of the important bio-physical parameters and have significant affect on local environmental change, particularly increasing anthropogenic temperature. Remote sensing images from Landsat series satellites are a major information source for LULC change analysis. In the present investigation, long term changes in LULC and its negative impact on land surface temperature (LST) were analyzed using multi-temporal Landsat satellite images between 2000 to 2016. firstly LULC of the study area has been classified and temporal changes in land use classes were quantify, and observed that in most of the land use classes such as vegetation (-1.28 %), water bodies (-1.65 %), agriculture (-3.52) and open land (-2.43 %) have shown negative change, however large scale positive changes in built-up area (+8.87 %) has been observed during the analysis, which is mainly due to continuous urbanization and growth of population in the area. The classified thermal images from the same period also show mean temperature of the area has increased by 1.60 °C since last 16 years. The observation from the present study reveals that due to the large-scale land use change practices in urban and peri-urban area witnessed for the rising temperature due to loss natural vegetation and other natural resources.
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18
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Jing F, Singh RP. Optical properties of dust and crop burning emissions over India using ground and satellite data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 718:134476. [PMID: 31843314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dust storms during the pre-monsoon season (April-June) and crop residual burning events during the post-monsoon season (mid-October-mid-November) are common every year over the Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP). In this paper, we have compared dust storm and crop burning aerosols characteristics for the years 2016, 2017 and 2018 using ground and satellite data. CALIPSO data show that dust layers extended from the ground upto an altitude of about 5 km and the smoke from crop burning upto the height of 2 km. Characteristics of dust and crop burning aerosols show pronounced difference based on Kanpur AERONET data. Dominance of coarse particles (0.6-15 μm) during dust storms (pre-monsoon season), while fine particles (0.05-0.6 μm) dominate during crop residual burning. The spectral variations of single scattering albedo (SSA) during dusty days and crop burning days show low and high fractions of anthropogenic aerosols. We have also observed the impact of dust particles on Himalayan snow (cover, albedo and reflectance) and meteorological parameters (relative humidity and water vapor) on the surface and lower atmosphere using MODIS data and AIRS data at different pressure levels. Pronounced aerosols behaviors of the crop residual burning event coincided with Diwali festival on 30-31 October 2016 were observed. Our detailed analysis combining ground and satellite observations provides better understanding of aerosol optical and microphysical properties of dust storms and crop residual burnings. The results will be valuable in monitoring surrounding environment, identifying the emission source and dynamics of dust storms and crop burning emissions over India, especially in the IGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jing
- Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA.
| | - Ramesh P Singh
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA.
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19
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Mukherjee T, Vinoj V, Midya S, Puppala S, Adhikary B. Numerical simulations of different sectoral contributions to post monsoon pollution over Delhi. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03548. [PMID: 32190762 PMCID: PMC7068672 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The National Capital Region (NCR) of India, Delhi, has experienced high post-monsoon pollution along with several peak pollution episodes in recent years. Diwali, the festival of lights, which is among the biggest festivals of India celebrated during the post-monsoon season, is also considered a pollution event associated as it is with the lighting of a large number of firecrackers. 2016 Diwali pollution episode continued for a week creating severe discomfort to residents of Delhi, prompting the judiciary to ban the sale and use of firecrackers in Delhi from 2017 onwards. The current study analyzes different sectoral and temporal emissions contribution to the 2016 post monsoonal pollution episode over Delhi using a fully coupled chemical transport model. The findings of the study indicate that aerosols produced from crop residue open burning at the northwestern states contributed more than 60% of the total simulated surface concentration during the period under study. Model experimental simulations show that despite emissions from within the city, what explains the severity of pollution over Delhi during the period under consideration is an additional pollution load emanating from these intense crop open burning sessions from nearby areas. Further, model simulations show that while Diwali emissions can elevate the pollution load over Delhi, the effects do not last beyond 48 h. It is found that the stagnation of the pollutants several days beyond the 2016 Diwali day was due to favorable meteorological conditions like low surface temperature, lower boundary layer height, and weak northwesterly winds. The study shows that in order to improve air quality in Delhi during the post-monsoon period, mitigation efforts should target the adjacent rural areas, especially when there is massive burning of crop residue in those areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Mukherjee
- International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Nepal
- School of Earth Ocean and Climate Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Calcutta, India
| | - V. Vinoj
- School of Earth Ocean and Climate Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - S.K. Midya
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Calcutta, India
| | - S.P. Puppala
- International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Nepal
| | - B. Adhikary
- International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Nepal
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20
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Gogoi PP, Vinoj V, Swain D, Roberts G, Dash J, Tripathy S. Land use and land cover change effect on surface temperature over Eastern India. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8859. [PMID: 31222135 PMCID: PMC6586851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45213-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Land use and land cover (LULC) change has been shown to have significant effect on climate through various pathways that modulate land surface temperature and rainfall. However, few studies have illustrated such a link over the Indian region using observations. Through a combination of ground, satellite remote sensing and reanalysis products, we investigate the recent changes to land surface temperature in the Eastern state of Odisha between 1981 and 2010 and assess its relation to LULC. Our analysis reveals that the mean temperature of the state has increased by ~0.3 °C during the past three decades with the most accelerated warming (~0.9 °C) occurring during the recent decade (2001 to 2010). Our study shows that 25 to 50% of this observed overall warming is associated with LULC. Further we observe that the spatial pattern of LULC changes matches well with the independently estimated warming associated with LULC suggesting a physical association between them. This study also reveals that the largest changes are linked to changing vegetation cover as evidenced by changes to both LULC classes and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Our study shows that the state has undergone an LULC induced warming which accounts for a quarter of the overall temperature rise since 2001. With the expected expansion of urban landscape and concomitant increase in anthropogenic activities along with changing cropping patterns, LULC linked changes to surface temperature and hence regional climate feedback over this region necessitates additional investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Pratim Gogoi
- School of Earth, Ocean and Climate Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - V Vinoj
- School of Earth, Ocean and Climate Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India.
| | - D Swain
- School of Earth, Ocean and Climate Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - G Roberts
- Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO171BJ, UK
| | - J Dash
- Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO171BJ, UK
| | - S Tripathy
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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21
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Sarkar S, Chauhan A, Kumar R, Singh RP. Impact of Deadly Dust Storms (May 2018) on Air Quality, Meteorological, and Atmospheric Parameters Over the Northern Parts of India. GEOHEALTH 2019; 3:67-80. [PMID: 32159032 PMCID: PMC7007138 DOI: 10.1029/2018gh000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The northern part of India, adjoining the Himalaya, is considered as one of the global hot spots of pollution because of various natural and anthropogenic factors. Throughout the year, the region is affected by pollution from various sources like dust, biomass burning, industrial and vehicular pollution, and myriad other anthropogenic emissions. These sources affect the air quality and health of millions of people who live in the Indo-Gangetic Plains. The dust storms that occur during the premonsoon months of March-June every year are one of the principal sources of pollution and originate from the source region of Arabian Peninsula and the Thar desert located in north-western India. In the year 2018, month of May, three back-to-back major dust storms occurred that caused massive damage, loss of human lives, and loss to property and had an impact on air quality and human health. In this paper, we combine observations from ground stations, satellites, and radiosonde networks to assess the impact of dust events in the month of May 2018, on meteorological parameters, aerosol properties, and air quality. We observed widespread changes associated with aerosol loadings, humidity, and vertical advection patterns with displacements of major trace and greenhouse gasses. We also notice drastic changes in suspended particulate matter concentrations, all of which can have significant ramifications in terms of human health and changes in weather pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Sarkar
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- Science Systems and Applications Inc.LanhamMDUSA
| | - Akshansha Chauhan
- Department of Environment Science, School of Basic Sciences and ResearchSharda UniversityGreater NoidaIndia
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Environment Science, School of Basic Sciences and ResearchSharda UniversityGreater NoidaIndia
| | - Ramesh P. Singh
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Schmid College of Science and TechnologyChapman UniversityOrangeCAUSA
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