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Ambrosino L, Riccardi A, Welling MS, Lauritano C. Comparative Transcriptomics to Identify RNA Writers and Erasers in Microalgae. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8005. [PMID: 39125576 PMCID: PMC11312118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Epitranscriptomics is considered as a new regulatory step in eukaryotes for developmental processes and stress responses. The aim of this study was, for the first time, to identify RNA methyltransferase (writers) and demethylase (erasers) in four investigated species, i.e., the dinoflagellates Alexandrium tamutum and Amphidinium carterae, the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium, and the green alga Tetraselmis suecica. As query sequences for the enzymatic classes of interest, we selected those ones that were previously detected in marine plants, evaluating their expression upon nutrient starvation stress exposure. The hypothesis was that upon stress exposure, the activation/deactivation of specific writers and erasers may occur. In microalgae, we found almost all plant writers and erasers (ALKBH9B, ALKBH10B, MTB, and FIP37), except for three writers (MTA, VIRILIZER, and HAKAI). A sequence similarity search by scanning the corresponding genomes confirmed their presence. Thus, we concluded that the three writer sequences were lacking from the studied transcriptomes probably because they were not expressed in those experimental conditions, rather than a real lack of these genes from their genomes. This study showed that some of them were expressed only in specific culturing conditions. We also investigated their expression in other culturing conditions (i.e., nitrogen depletion, phosphate depletion, and Zinc addition at two different concentrations) in A. carterae, giving new insights into their possible roles in regulating gene expression upon stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ambrosino
- Research Infrastructure for Marine Biological Resources Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Alessia Riccardi
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Melina S. Welling
- Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, B-9000 Gent, Belgium;
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy
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Mora-Godínez S, Senés-Guerrero C, Pacheco A. De novo transcriptome and lipidome analysis of Desmodesmus abundans under model flue gas reveals adaptive changes after ten years of acclimation to high CO2. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299780. [PMID: 38758755 PMCID: PMC11101044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Microalgae's ability to mitigate flue gas is an attractive technology that can valorize gas components through biomass conversion. However, tolerance and growth must be ideal; therefore, acclimation strategies are suggested. Here, we compared the transcriptome and lipidome of Desmodesmus abundans strains acclimated to high CO2 (HCA) and low CO2 (LCA) under continuous supply of model flue gas (MFG) and incomplete culture medium (BG11-N-S). Initial growth and nitrogen consumption from MFG were superior in strain HCA, reaching maximum productivity a day before strain LCA. However, similar productivities were attained at the end of the run, probably because maximum photobioreactor capacity was reached. RNA-seq analysis during exponential growth resulted in 16,435 up-regulated and 4,219 down-regulated contigs in strain HCA compared to LCA. Most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were related to nucleotides, amino acids, C fixation, central carbon metabolism, and proton pumps. In all pathways, a higher number of up-regulated contigs with a greater magnitude of change were observed in strain HCA. Also, cellular component GO terms of chloroplast and photosystems, N transporters, and secondary metabolic pathways of interest, such as starch and triacylglycerols (TG), exhibited this pattern. RT-qPCR confirmed N transporters expression. Lipidome analysis showed increased glycerophospholipids in strain HCA, while LCA exhibited glycerolipids. Cell structure and biomass composition also revealed strains differences. HCA possessed a thicker cell wall and presented a higher content of pigments, while LCA accumulated starch and lipids, validating transcriptome and lipidome data. Overall, results showed significant differences between strains, where characteristic features of adaptation and tolerance to high CO2 might be related to the capacity to maintain a higher flux of internal C, regulate intracellular acidification, active N transporters, and synthesis of essential macromolecules for photosynthetic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Mora-Godínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | | | - Adriana Pacheco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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Assobhi B, Bouchelta Y, Alsubih M, LamiaTrabelsi, Alaoui-Sossé B, Bourgeade P, Aleya L, Mhamdi MA, Bahhou J. What are the growth kinetics and biochemical compositions of microalgae isolated from diverse aquatic ecosystems in Morocco, France, and Tunisia? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:32680-32693. [PMID: 38662296 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Thirty-six microalgae belonging to five taxonomic groups (Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyceae, Diatomophyceae, Euglenophyceae, and Eustigmatophyceae) were identified from six freshwater ecosystems in Morocco, two treatment stations in Etueffont landfill in France and three hot spring waters in Tunisia. Investigations on species growth kinetics and growth rates showed that the cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya gelatinosa exhibited both the highest biomass and growth rate with 4 g DW L-1 and 0.282 day-1, respectively. A significant protein production (more than 40% DW) was observed across the studied species. Cyanobacteria and chlorophytes stood out for their increased protein production with a maximum (66.63 ± 3.84% DW) attained by the cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya sp. Chlorophytes produced substantial amounts of carbohydrates (more than 20% DW). Euglenophytes including Phacus orbicularis and Euglena ehrenbergii along with the chlorophyte Graesiella sp. accumulated significant amounts of lipids (up to 31.12% DW).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Assobhi
- Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorization of Natural Resources, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, P.O. Box 1796, Atlas-, Fez, Morocco
| | - Yamina Bouchelta
- Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorization of Natural Resources, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, P.O. Box 1796, Atlas-, Fez, Morocco
| | - Majed Alsubih
- Department of Civil Engineering, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha, 62529, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - LamiaTrabelsi
- Marine Biodiversity Laboratory, National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology (INSTM), 2025 Salammbo, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Badr Alaoui-Sossé
- Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, La Bouloie, F-25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Pascale Bourgeade
- Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, La Bouloie, F-25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, La Bouloie, F-25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Mohammed Alaoui Mhamdi
- Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorization of Natural Resources, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, P.O. Box 1796, Atlas-, Fez, Morocco
| | - Jamila Bahhou
- Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorization of Natural Resources, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, P.O. Box 1796, Atlas-, Fez, Morocco
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Li Y, Zhao T, Gao W, Miao B, Fu Z, Zhang Z, Li Q, Sun D. Regulatory mechanisms of autophagy on DHA and carotenoid accumulation in Crypthecodinium sp. SUN. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:50. [PMID: 38566214 PMCID: PMC10985998 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is a crucial process of cellular self-destruction and component reutilization that can affect the accumulation of total fatty acids (TFAs) and carotenoids in microalgae. The regulatory effects of autophagy process in a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and carotenoids simultaneously producing microalga, Crypthecodinium sp. SUN, has not been studied. Thus, the autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine (MA)) and activator (rapamycin) were used to regulate autophagy in Crypthecodinium sp. SUN. RESULTS The inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA was verified by transmission electron microscopy, with fewer autophagy vacuoles observed. Besides, 3-MA reduced the glucose absorption and intracellular acetyl-CoA level, which resulting in the decrease of TFA and DHA levels by 15.83 and 26.73% respectively; Surprisingly, 3-MA increased intracellular reactive oxygen species level but decreased the carotenoids level. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that the downregulation of the glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle may underlie the decrease of acetyl-CoA, NADPH and ATP supply for fatty acid biosynthesis; the downregulation of PSY and HMGCR may underlie the decreased carotenoids level. In addition, the class I PI3K-AKT signaling pathway may be crucial for the regulation of carbon and energy metabolism. At last, rapamycin was used to activate autophagy, which significantly enhanced the cell growth and TFA level and eventually resulted in 1.70-fold increase in DHA content. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate the mechanisms of autophagy in Crypthecodinium sp. SUN and highlight a way to manipulate cell metabolism by regulating autophagy. Overall, this study provides valuable insights to guide further research on autophagy-regulated TFA and carotenoids accumulation in Crypthecodinium sp. SUN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Weizheng Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Bowen Miao
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Zhongxiang Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Qingyang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Dongzhe Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
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López-Pacheco IY, Ayala-Moreno VG, Mejia-Melara CA, Rodríguez-Rodríguez J, Cuellar-Bermudez SP, González-González RB, Coronado-Apodaca KG, Farfan-Cabrera LI, González-Meza GM, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldívar R. Growth Behavior, Biomass Composition and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAMEs) Production Potential of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and Chlorella vulgaris Cultures. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:450. [PMID: 37623731 PMCID: PMC10455958 DOI: 10.3390/md21080450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of biomolecules by microalgae has a wide range of applications in the development of various materials and products, such as biodiesel, food supplements, and cosmetics. Microalgae biomass can be produced using waste and in a smaller space than other types of crops (e.g., soja, corn), which shows microalgae's great potential as a source of biomass. Among the produced biomolecules of greatest interest are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and fatty acids. In this study, the production of these biomolecules was determined in two strains of microalgae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella vulgaris) when exposed to different concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Results show a significant microalgal growth (3.69 g L-1) and carbohydrates (163 mg g-1) increase in C. reinhardtii under low nitrogen concentration. Also, higher lipids content was produced under low sulfur concentration (246 mg g-1). It was observed that sulfur variation could affect in a negative way proteins production in C. reinhardtii culture. In the case of C. vulgaris, a higher biomass production was obtained in the standard culture medium (1.37 g L-1), and under a low-phosphorus condition, C. vulgaris produced a higher lipids concentration (248 mg g-1). It was observed that a low concentration of nitrogen had a better effect on the accumulation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) (C16-C18) in both microalgae. These results lead us to visualize the effects that the variation in macronutrients can have on the growth of microalgae and their possible utility for the production of microalgae-based subproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzel Y. López-Pacheco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.R.-R.); (S.P.C.-B.); (R.B.G.-G.); (K.G.C.-A.); (L.I.F.-C.); (G.M.G.-M.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Victoria Guadalupe Ayala-Moreno
- Francisco Morazán Department, Escuela Agrícola Panamericana, Zamorano, Km 30 Carretera de Tegucigalpa a Danlí, Valle del Yeguare, Municipio de San Antonio de Oriente, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras; (V.G.A.-M.); (C.A.M.-M.)
| | - Catherinne Arlette Mejia-Melara
- Francisco Morazán Department, Escuela Agrícola Panamericana, Zamorano, Km 30 Carretera de Tegucigalpa a Danlí, Valle del Yeguare, Municipio de San Antonio de Oriente, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras; (V.G.A.-M.); (C.A.M.-M.)
| | - José Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.R.-R.); (S.P.C.-B.); (R.B.G.-G.); (K.G.C.-A.); (L.I.F.-C.); (G.M.G.-M.)
| | - Sara P. Cuellar-Bermudez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.R.-R.); (S.P.C.-B.); (R.B.G.-G.); (K.G.C.-A.); (L.I.F.-C.); (G.M.G.-M.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Reyna Berenice González-González
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.R.-R.); (S.P.C.-B.); (R.B.G.-G.); (K.G.C.-A.); (L.I.F.-C.); (G.M.G.-M.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Karina G. Coronado-Apodaca
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.R.-R.); (S.P.C.-B.); (R.B.G.-G.); (K.G.C.-A.); (L.I.F.-C.); (G.M.G.-M.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Leonardo I. Farfan-Cabrera
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.R.-R.); (S.P.C.-B.); (R.B.G.-G.); (K.G.C.-A.); (L.I.F.-C.); (G.M.G.-M.)
| | - Georgia María González-Meza
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.R.-R.); (S.P.C.-B.); (R.B.G.-G.); (K.G.C.-A.); (L.I.F.-C.); (G.M.G.-M.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.R.-R.); (S.P.C.-B.); (R.B.G.-G.); (K.G.C.-A.); (L.I.F.-C.); (G.M.G.-M.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.R.-R.); (S.P.C.-B.); (R.B.G.-G.); (K.G.C.-A.); (L.I.F.-C.); (G.M.G.-M.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
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Teh KY, Loh SH, Aziz A, Takahashi K, Toda T, Wahid MEA, Cha TS. Transcriptome analysis of mangrove-isolated Chlorella vulgaris UMT-M1 reveals insights for vigorous growth and lipid accumulation through reduced salinity. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Mechanisms of Sodium-Acetate-Induced DHA Accumulation in a DHA-Producing Microalga, Crypthecodinium sp. SUN. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080508. [PMID: 36005511 PMCID: PMC9409966 DOI: 10.3390/md20080508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that is critical for the intelligence and visual development of infants. Crypthecodinium is the first microalga approved by the Food and Drug Administration for DHA production, but its relatively high intracellular starch content restricts fatty acid accumulation. In this study, different carbon sources, including glucose (G), sodium acetate (S) and mixed carbon (M), were used to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of intracellular organic carbon distribution in Crypthecodinium sp. SUN. Results show that glucose favored cell growth and starch accumulation. Sodium acetate limited glucose utilization and starch accumulation but caused a significant increase in total fatty acid (TFA) accumulation and the DHA percentage. Thus, the DHA content in the S group was highest among three groups and reached a maximum (10.65% of DW) at 96 h that was 2.92-fold and 2.24-fold of that in the G and M groups, respectively. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that rather than the expression of key genes in fatty acids biosynthesis, increased intracellular acetyl-CoA content appeared to be the key regulatory factor for TFA accumulation. Additionally, metabolome analysis showed that the accumulated DHA-rich metabolites of lipid biosynthesis might be the reason for the higher TFA content and DHA percentage of the S group. The present study provides valuable insights to guide further research in DHA production.
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Karpagam R, Jawaharraj K, Ashokkumar B, Pugalendhi A, Varalakshmi P. A cheap two-step cultivation of Phaeodactylum tricornutum for increased TAG production and differential expression of TAG biosynthesis associated genes. J Biotechnol 2022; 354:53-62. [PMID: 35709890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A cheap cultivation of microalgae greatly reduces the biodiesel production cost. Subsequently in this study, citric acid and effluents from sugar and tannery industries were used as the nutritional supplements for the improvement of biomass and TAG production in Phaeodactylum tricornutum using two-step cultivation. When compared to control (media without supplementation), a considerable increase in biomass and chlorophyll a was obtained with citric acid (CA) and sugar industry effluent (SIE) supplemented media. In the two-step cultivation method, biomass raised from CA (100mg·L-1) and SIE (1.5mL·L-1) supplementations in the first step, viz. biomass production (BP) step was allowed for lipid accumulation in the second step, viz. lipid production (LP) step, and thus yielded enhanced lipids of 11.5 ± 0.7mg·L-1·day-1 and 13.5 ± 1.9mg·L-1·day-1 respectively, with improved TAG synthesis. Further, differential expression analysis of TAG biosynthetic genes of P. tricornutum under single-step and two-step cultivation modes were performed, and the gene expression patterns were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathinasamy Karpagam
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalimuthu Jawaharraj
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balasubramaniem Ashokkumar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arivazhagan Pugalendhi
- Innovative Green Product Syntheis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, TonDuc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Perumal Varalakshmi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Behera B, Selvam S M, Paramasivan B. Research trends and market opportunities of microalgal biorefinery technologies from circular bioeconomy perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:127038. [PMID: 35331886 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae as an alternative feedstock for sustainable bio-products have gained significant interest over years. Even though scientific productivity related to microalgae-based research has increased in recent decades, translation to industrial scale is still lacking. Therefore, it is essential to understand the current state-of-art and, identify research gaps and hotspots driving industrial scale up. The present review through scientometric analysis attempted to delineate the research evolution contributing to this emerging field. The research trends were analysed over the last decade globally highlighting the collaborative network between the countries. The comprehensive knowledge map generated confirmed microalgal biorefinery as a scientifically active field, where the present research interest is focussed on synergistically integrating the unit processes involved to make it enviro-economically feasible. Market opportunities and regulatory policy requirements along with the consensus need to adopt circular bio-economy perspectives were highlighted to facilitate real-time implementation of microalgal biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bunushree Behera
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
| | - Mari Selvam S
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Balasubramanian Paramasivan
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
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Cui H, Yang F, Li Y. Exogenous methyl jasmonate enhances lipid production in Isochrysis galbana under nitrogen deprivation and high light. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Rawat J, Gupta PK, Pandit S, Prasad R, Pande V. Current perspectives on integrated approaches to enhance lipid accumulation in microalgae. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:303. [PMID: 34194896 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02851-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research initiatives on renewable bioenergy or biofuels have been gaining momentum, not only due to fast depletion of finite reserves of fossil fuels but also because of the associated concerns for the environment and future energy security. In the last few decades, interest is growing concerning microalgae as the third-generation biofuel feedstock. The CO2 fixation ability and conversion of it into value-added compounds, devoid of challenging food and feed crops, make these photosynthetic microorganisms an optimistic producer of biofuel from an environmental point of view. Microalgal-derived fuels are currently being considered as clean, renewable, and promising sustainable biofuel. Therefore, most research targets to obtain strains with the highest lipid productivity and a high growth rate at the lowest cultivation costs. Different methods and strategies to attain higher biomass and lipid accumulation in microalgae have been extensively reported in the previous research, but there are fewer inclusive reports that summarize the conventional methods with the modern techniques for lipid enhancement and biodiesel production from microalgae. Therefore, the current review focuses on the latest techniques and advances in different cultivation conditions, the effect of different abiotic and heavy metal stress, and the role of nanoparticles (NPs) in the stimulation of lipid accumulation in microalgae. Techniques such as genetic engineering, where particular genes associated with lipid metabolism, are modified to boost lipid synthesis within the microalgae, the contribution of "Omics" in metabolic pathway studies. Further, the contribution of CRISPR/Cas9 system technique to the production of microalgae biofuel is also briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Rawat
- Department of Biotechnology, Sir J. C. Bose Technical Campus Bhimtal, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263136 India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310 India
| | - Soumya Pandit
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310 India
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar 845801 India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Sir J. C. Bose Technical Campus Bhimtal, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263136 India
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12
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Schomaker RA, Dudycha JL. De novo transcriptome assembly of the green alga Ankistrodesmus falcatus. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251668. [PMID: 33989339 PMCID: PMC8121315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ankistrodesmus falcatus is a globally distributed freshwater chlorophyte that is a candidate for biofuel production, is used to study the effects of toxins on aquatic communities, and is used as food in zooplankton research. Each of these research fields is transitioning to genomic tools. We created a reference transcriptome for of A. falcatus using NextGen sequencing and de novo assembly methods including Trinity, Velvet-Oases, and EvidentialGene. The assembled transcriptome has a total of 17,997 contigs, an N50 value of 2,462, and a GC content of 64.8%. BUSCO analysis recovered 83.3% of total chlorophyte BUSCOs and 82.5% of the eukaryotic BUSCOs. A portion (7.9%) of these supposedly single-copy genes were found to have transcriptionally active, distinct duplicates. We annotated the assembly using the dammit annotation pipeline, resulting in putative functional annotation for 68.89% of the assembly. Using available rbcL sequences from 16 strains (10 species) of Ankistrodesmus, we constructed a neighbor-joining phylogeny to illustrate genetic distances of our A. falcatus strain to other members of the genus. This assembly will be valuable for researchers seeking to identify Ankistrodesmus sequences in metatranscriptomic and metagenomic field studies and in experiments where separating expression responses of zooplankton and their algal food sources through bioinformatics is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Schomaker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Jeffry L Dudycha
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
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13
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Soós V, Shetty P, Maróti G, Incze N, Badics E, Bálint P, Ördög V, Balázs E. Biomolecule composition and draft genome of a novel, high-lipid producing Scenedesmaceae microalga. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Li J, Pan K, Tang X, Li Y, Zhu B, Zhao Y. The molecular mechanisms of Chlorella sp. responding to high CO 2: A study based on comparative transcriptome analysis between strains with high- and low-CO 2 tolerance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:144185. [PMID: 33383507 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
High CO2 acclimation for microalgae has attracted large research attention owing to the usefulness of microalgae in bio-sequestration of CO2 from the emission source. In this study, one high CO2 tolerant (LAMB 31) and non-tolerant (LAMB 122) Chlorella sp. strains were transferred from air to 40% CO2, during which four time points were chosen for comparative transcriptome analysis. Gene changes started in the lag phase (T1) of population growth with more genes (7889) upregulated in LAMB 31 than in LAMB 122 (1092). Further function enrichments indicated: In LAMB 31, up-regulation of genes in cyclic electron transportation, F-type ATPase and Calvin cycle were associated with the enhancement of carbon fixation abilities; upregulation of genes in phosphorylation together with V-ATPase, which contributed to cytoplasmatic pH stability; Lastly, enhancement of carbon metabolisms including TCA cycle and glycolysis accelerated the consumption of cellular organic carbon. Most of the genes in these pathways and processes showed downregulation in LAMB 122. This study disclosed the most complete transcriptional molecular mechanisms of Chlorella sp. responding to high CO2 by combining CO2 fixation, transportation, and metabolic processes. The results provided valuable genetic information for future screening and breeding of microalgae with high-CO2 tolerance for more efficient CO2 bio-sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Kehou Pan
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, No. 5 12 Yu Shan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, No. 5 12 Yu Shan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Baohua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, No. 5 12 Yu Shan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China.
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15
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Calhoun S, Bell TAS, Dahlin LR, Kunde Y, LaButti K, Louie KB, Kuftin A, Treen D, Dilworth D, Mihaltcheva S, Daum C, Bowen BP, Northen TR, Guarnieri MT, Starkenburg SR, Grigoriev IV. A multi-omic characterization of temperature stress in a halotolerant Scenedesmus strain for algal biotechnology. Commun Biol 2021; 4:333. [PMID: 33712730 PMCID: PMC7955037 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01859-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae efficiently convert sunlight into lipids and carbohydrates, offering bio-based alternatives for energy and chemical production. Improving algal productivity and robustness against abiotic stress requires a systems level characterization enabled by functional genomics. Here, we characterize a halotolerant microalga Scenedesmus sp. NREL 46B-D3 demonstrating peak growth near 25 °C that reaches 30 g/m2/day and the highest biomass accumulation capacity post cell division reported to date for a halotolerant strain. Functional genomics analysis revealed that genes involved in lipid production, ion channels and antiporters are expanded and expressed. Exposure to temperature stress shifts fatty acid metabolism and increases amino acids synthesis. Co-expression analysis shows that many fatty acid biosynthesis genes are overexpressed with specific transcription factors under cold stress. These and other genes involved in the metabolic and regulatory response to temperature stress can be further explored for strain improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Calhoun
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tisza Ann Szeremy Bell
- Applied Genomics Team, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, Genome Core, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Lukas R Dahlin
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Yuliya Kunde
- Applied Genomics Team, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Kurt LaButti
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Katherine B Louie
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Kuftin
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Treen
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David Dilworth
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sirma Mihaltcheva
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Daum
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin P Bowen
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Trent R Northen
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael T Guarnieri
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Shawn R Starkenburg
- Applied Genomics Team, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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16
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Azaman SNA, Wong DCJ, Tan SW, Yusoff FM, Nagao N, Yeap SK. De novo transcriptome analysis of Chlorella sorokiniana: effect of glucose assimilation, and moderate light intensity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17331. [PMID: 33060668 PMCID: PMC7562877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74410-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorella can produce an unusually wide range of metabolites under various nutrient availability, carbon source, and light availability. Glucose, an essential molecule for the growth of microorganisms, also contributes significantly to the metabolism of various metabolic compounds produced by Chlorella. In addition, manipulation of light intensity also induces the formation of secondary metabolites such as pigments, and carotenoids in Chlorella. This study will focus on the effect of glucose addition, and moderate light on the regulation of carotenoid, lipid, starch, and other key metabolic pathways in Chlorella sorokiniana. To gain knowledge about this, we performed transcriptome profiling on C. sorokiniana strain NIES-2168 in response to moderate light stress supplemented with glucose under mixotrophic conditions. A total of 60,982,352 raw paired-end (PE) reads 100 bp in length was obtained from both normal, and mixotrophic samples of C. sorokiniana. After pre-processing, 93.63% high-quality PE reads were obtained, and 18,310 predicted full-length transcripts were assembled. Differential gene expression showed that a total of 937, and 1124 genes were upregulated, and downregulated in mixotrophic samples, respectively. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the mixotrophic condition caused upregulation of genes involved in carotenoids production (specifically lutein biosynthesis), fatty acid biosynthesis, TAG accumulation, and the majority of the carbon fixation pathways. Conversely, starch biosynthesis, sucrose biosynthesis, and isoprenoid biosynthesis were downregulated. Novel insights into the pathways that link the enhanced production of valuable metabolites (such as carotenoids in C. sorokiniana) grown under mixotrophic conditions is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nor Ani Azaman
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Darren C J Wong
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Sheau Wei Tan
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules (VacBio), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah M Yusoff
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norio Nagao
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- , 102 Naname-go, Shinkamigoto-cho, Minami Matsuura-Gun, Nagasaki, 857-4214, Japan
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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17
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An assessment of heterotrophy and mixotrophy in Scenedesmus and its utilization in wastewater treatment. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Nitrogen supplemented by symbiotic Rhizobium stimulates fatty-acid oxidation in Chlorella variabilis. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Fast non-invasive monitoring of microalgal physiological stage in photobioreactors through Raman spectroscopy. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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20
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Butsayawarapat P, Juntawong P, Khamsuk O, Somta P. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Waterlogging-Sensitive and Tolerant Zombi Pea ( Vigna Vexillata) Reveals Energy Conservation and Root Plasticity Controlling Waterlogging Tolerance. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8080264. [PMID: 31382508 PMCID: PMC6724125 DOI: 10.3390/plants8080264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vigna vexillata (zombi pea) is an underutilized legume crop considered to be a potential gene source in breeding for abiotic stress tolerance. This study focuses on the molecular characterization of mechanisms controlling waterlogging tolerance using two zombi pea varieties with contrasting waterlogging tolerance. Morphological examination revealed that in contrast to the sensitive variety, the tolerant variety was able to grow, maintain chlorophyll, form lateral roots, and develop aerenchyma in hypocotyl and taproots under waterlogging. To find the mechanism controlling waterlogging tolerance in zombi pea, comparative transcriptome analysis was performed using roots subjected to short-term waterlogging. Functional analysis indicated that glycolysis and fermentative genes were strongly upregulated in the sensitive variety, but not in the tolerant one. In contrast, the genes involved in auxin-regulated lateral root initiation and formation were expressed only in the tolerant variety. In addition, cell wall modification, aquaporin, and peroxidase genes were highly induced in the tolerant variety under waterlogging. Our findings suggest that energy management and root plasticity play important roles in mitigating the impact of waterlogging in zombi pea. The basic knowledge obtained from this study can be used in the molecular breeding of waterlogging-tolerant legume crops in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piyada Juntawong
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
- Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University-Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
- Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Ornusa Khamsuk
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Prakit Somta
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
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21
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Liu X, Wen J, Chen W, Du H. Physiological effects of nitrogen deficiency and recovery on the macroalga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2019; 55:830-839. [PMID: 30916786 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Algal metabolites are the most promising feedstocks for bio-energy production. Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis seems to be a good candidate red alga for polysaccharide production, especially relating to the agar production industry. Nitrogen deficiency is an efficient environmental pressure used to increase the accumulation of metabolites in algae. However, there are no studies on the physiological effects of G. lemaneiformis in response to nitrogen deficiency and its subsequent recovery. Here we integrated physiological data with molecular studies to explore the response strategy of G. lemaneiformis under nitrogen deficiency and recovery. Physiological measurements indicated that amino acids and protein biosynthesis were decreased, while endogenous NH4+ and soluble polysaccharides levels were increased under nitrogen stress. The expression of key genes involved in these pathways further suggested that G. lemaneiformis responded to nitrogen stress through up-regulation or down-regulation of genes related to nitrogen metabolism, and increased levels of endogenous NH4+ to complement the deficiency of exogenous nitrogen. Consistent with the highest accumulation of soluble polysaccharides, the gene encoding UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, a molecular marker used to evaluate agar content, was dramatically up-regulated more than 4-fold compared to the relative expression of actin after 4 d of nitrogen recovery. The present data provide important information on the mechanisms of nutrient balance in macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Jinyan Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Weizhou Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Hong Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
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22
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Castro JC, Maddox JD, Estela SL, Rodríguez HN, Casuso MZ, Paredes JD, Cobos M. Caracterización <i>in silico</i> y análisis de la expresión de la subunidad alfa de la acetil-coenzima a carboxilasa heteromérica de dos microalgas. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2019. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v24n2.74727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Las microalgas son microorganismos fotosintéticos con gran potencial para abastecer las demandas energéticas mundiales. Sin embargo, los limitados conocimientos que se tienen de estos organismos, en particular a nivel molecular de los procesos metabólicos, han limitado su uso con estos propósitos. En esta investigación se ha realizado el análisis in silico de la subunidad alfa de la acetil-Coenzima A carboxilasa heteromérica (αACCasa), una enzima clave en la biosíntesis de lípidos de las microalgas Chlorella sp. y Scenedesmus sp. Asimismo, se ha medido la expresión de este gen en ambas especies cultivadas en medios deficientes de nitrógeno. Los resultados indican que la αACCasa muestra conservación estructural y funcional en ambas especies de microalgas y su mayor similitud genética con otras especies de microalgas. Asimismo, se ha mostrado que el nivel de expresión del gen se incrementa significativamente cuando las microalgas son cultivadas en ausencia de nitrógeno, lo cual se relaciona a su vez con una mayor acumulación de lípidos microalgales. En conclusión, el análisis in silico de la αACCasa de Chlorella sp. y Scenedesmus sp. presentan características estructurales, funcionales y evolutivas muy similares con otras especies de microalgas y plantas. Asimismo, el estudio revela que en ambas especies el gen se sobreexpresa cuando las microalgas son sometidas a estrés por deficiencia de nitrógeno, el cual se relaciona significativamente con la acumulación de lípidos totales en estas células.
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Wang H, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Noppol L, Liu T. Mechanism and enhancement of lipid accumulation in filamentous oleaginous microalgae Tribonema minus under heterotrophic condition. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:328. [PMID: 30559837 PMCID: PMC6290495 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1329-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The filamentous microalgae Tribonema minus accumulates large amounts of lipids under photoautotrophic condition, while under heterotrophic condition, the lipid content decreased dramatically. Determination of the differences in metabolic pathways between photoautotrophic and heterotrophic growth will provide targets and strategies for improvement of lipid accumulation in heterotrophic cells. METHODS The metabolic differences between photoautotrophically and heterotrophically cultivated T. minus cells were studied by comparing the growth, biochemical compositions and transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of the cells. Based on comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic studies, we generated a global model of the changes in central carbon metabolism and lipid biosynthetic pathways that occur under photoautotrophic and heterotrophic growth conditions. Moreover, the specific effects of supplementation with exogenous key metabolic intermediates on the lipid accumulation in heterotrophic culture were analyzed. RESULTS Compared to photoautotrophic cultures, heterotrophic cultures exhibited enhanced biomass levels and carbohydrate content, but decreased lipid accumulation. These effects were accompanied by low expression levels of genes involved in glycolysis, de novo fatty acids biosynthesis and lipid biosynthesis, and high levels of genes involved in gluconeogenesis. In addition, the levels of key metabolites involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis were elevated in abundance, whereas those of certain fatty acids and citric acid were decreased in heterotrophic cultures. Upon supplementation with exogenous potassium palmitate, the lipid content increased dramatically in heterotrophically cultivated T. minus. CONCLUSION An insufficient supply of carbon precursors caused the low levels of lipid accumulation during heterotrophic cultivation. Appropriate carbon metabolite supplementation based on the metabolomic data was shown to promote lipid accumulation. Moreover, gene regulatory metabolic targets were also identified via omics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 Shandong People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 Shandong People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Leksawasdi Noppol
- Bioprocess Research Cluster, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Tianzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 Shandong People’s Republic of China
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