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Melrose J, Guilak F. Diverse and multifunctional roles for perlecan ( HSPG2) in repair of the intervertebral disc. JOR Spine 2024; 7:e1362. [PMID: 39081381 PMCID: PMC11286675 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Perlecan is a widely distributed, modular, and multifunctional heparan sulfate proteoglycan, which facilitates cellular communication with the extracellular environment to promote tissue development, tissue homeostasis, and optimization of biomechanical tissue functions. Perlecan-mediated osmotic mechanotransduction serves to regulate the metabolic activity of cells in tissues subjected to tension, compression, or shear. Perlecan interacts with a vast array of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins through which it stabilizes tissues and regulates the proliferation or differentiation of resident cell populations. Here we examine the roles of the HS-proteoglycan perlecan in the normal and destabilized intervertebral disc. The intervertebral disc cell has evolved to survive in a hostile weight bearing, acidic, low oxygen tension, and low nutrition environment, and perlecan provides cytoprotection, shields disc cells from excessive compressive forces, and sequesters a range of growth factors in the disc cell environment where they aid in cellular survival, proliferation, and differentiation. The cells in mechanically destabilized connective tissues attempt to re-establish optimal tissue composition and tissue functional properties by changing the properties of their ECM, in the process of chondroid metaplasia. We explore the possibility that perlecan assists in these cell-mediated tissue remodeling responses by regulating disc cell anabolism. Perlecan's mechano-osmotic transductive property may be of potential therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling InstituteNorthern Sydney Local Health DistrictSt. LeonardsNew South WalesAustralia
- Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Medical School, NorthernThe University of SydneySt. LeonardsNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of Sydney, Royal North Shore HospitalSt. LeonardsNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryWashington UniversitySt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of OrthopaedicsShriners Hospitals for ChildrenSt. LouisMissouriUSA
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2
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Danalache M, Umrath F, Riester R, Schwitalle M, Guilak F, Hofmann UK. Proteolysis of the pericellular matrix: Pinpointing the role and involvement of matrix metalloproteinases in early osteoarthritic remodeling. Acta Biomater 2024; 181:297-307. [PMID: 38710401 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The pericellular matrix (PCM) serves a critical role in signal transduction and mechanoprotection in chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis (OA) leads to a gradual deterioration of the cartilage, marked by a shift in the spatial arrangement of chondrocytes from initially isolated strands to large cell clusters in end-stage degeneration. These changes coincide with progressive enzymatic breakdown of the PCM. This study aims to assess the role and involvement of specific matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in PCM degradation during OA. We selected cartilage samples from 148 OA patients based on the predominant spatial chondrocyte patterns. The presence of various MMPs (-1,-2,-3,-7,-8,-9,-10,-12,-13) was identified by multiplexed immunoassays. For each pattern and identified MMP, the levels and activation states (pro-form vs. active form) were measured by zymograms and western blots. The localization of these MMPs was determined using immunohistochemical labeling. To verify these results, healthy cartilage was exposed to purified MMPs, and the consecutive structural integrity of the PCM was analyzed through immunolabeling and proximity ligation assay. Screening showed elevated levels of MMP-1,-2,-3,-7, and -13, with their expression profile showing a clear dependency of the degeneration stage. MMP-2 and -7 were localized in the PCM, whereas MMP-1,-7, and -13 were predominantly intracellular. We found that MMP-2 and -3 directly disrupt collagen type VI, and MMP-3 and -7 destroy perlecan. MMP-2, -3, and -7 emerge as central players in early PCM degradation in OA. With the disease's initial stages already displaying elevated peaks in MMP expression, this insight may guide early targeted therapies to halt abnormal PCM remodeling. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Osteoarthritis (OA) causes a gradual deterioration of the articular cartilage, accompanied by a progressive breakdown of the pericellular matrix (PCM). The PCM's crucial function in protecting and transmitting signals within chondrocytes is impaired in OA. By studying 148 OA-patient cartilage samples, the involvement of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in PCM breakdown was explored. Findings highlighted elevated levels of certain MMPs linked to different stages of degeneration. Notably, MMP-2, -3, and -7 were identified as potent contributors to early PCM degradation, disrupting key components like collagen type VI and perlecan. Understanding these MMPs' roles in initiating OA progression, especially in its early stages, provides insights into potential targets for interventions to preserve PCM integrity and potentially impeding OA advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Danalache
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, Waldhörnlestraße 22, D-72072 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Felix Umrath
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, Waldhörnlestraße 22, D-72072 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rosa Riester
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, Waldhörnlestraße 22, D-72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maik Schwitalle
- Winghofer Medicum, Röntgenstraße 38, D-72108 Rottenburg am Neckar, Germany
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ulf Krister Hofmann
- Department of Orthopedic, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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3
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Wang Y, Xu M, Yao Y, Li Y, Zhang S, Fu Y, Wang X. Extracellular cancer‑associated fibroblasts: A novel subgroup in the cervical cancer microenvironment that exhibits tumor‑promoting roles and prognosis biomarker functions. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:167. [PMID: 38449793 PMCID: PMC10915806 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor invasion and metastasis are the processes that primarily cause adverse outcomes in patients with cervical cancer. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which participate in cancer progression and metastasis, are novel targets for the treatment of tumors. The present study aimed to assess the heterogeneity of CAFs in the cervical cancer microenvironment through single-cell RNA sequencing. After collecting five cervical cancer samples and obtaining the CAF-associated gene sets, the CAFs in the cervical cancer microenvironment were divided into myofibroblastic CAFs and extracellular (ec)CAFs. The ecCAFs appeared with more robust pro-tumorigenic effects than myCAFs according to enrichment analysis. Subsequently, through combining the ecCAF hub genes and bulk gene expression data for cervical cancer obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Ontology databases, univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analyses were performed to establish a CAF-associated risk signature for patients with cancer. The established risk signature demonstrated a stable and strong prognostic capability in both the training and validation cohorts. Subsequently, the association between the risk signature and clinical data was evaluated, and a nomogram to facilitate clinical application was established. The risk score was demonstrated to be associated with both the tumor immune microenvironment and the therapeutic responses. Moreover, the signature also has predictive value for the prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and bladder urothelial carcinoma, which were also associated with human papillomavirus infection. In conclusion, the present study assessed the heterogeneity of CAFs in the cervical cancer microenvironment, and a subgroup of CAFs that may be closely associated with tumor progression was defined. Moreover, a signature based on the hub genes of ecCAFs was shown to have biomarker functionality in terms of predicting survival rates, and therefore this CAF subgroup may become a therapeutic target for cervical cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehan Wang
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Mingxia Xu
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yeli Yao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Songfa Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Fu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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4
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Zeng PYF, Prokopec SD, Lai SY, Pinto N, Chan-Seng-Yue MA, Clifton-Bligh R, Williams MD, Howlett CJ, Plantinga P, Cecchini MJ, Lam AK, Siddiqui I, Wang J, Sun RX, Watson JD, Korah R, Carling T, Agrawal N, Cipriani N, Ball D, Nelkin B, Rooper LM, Bishop JA, Garnis C, Berean K, Nicolson NG, Weinberger P, Henderson YC, Lalansingh CM, Tian M, Yamaguchi TN, Livingstone J, Salcedo A, Patel K, Vizeacoumar F, Datti A, Xi L, Nikiforov YE, Smallridge R, Copland JA, Marlow LA, Hyrcza MD, Delbridge L, Sidhu S, Sywak M, Robinson B, Fung K, Ghasemi F, Kwan K, MacNeil SD, Mendez A, Palma DA, Khan MI, Shaikh M, Ruicci KM, Wehrli B, Winquist E, Yoo J, Mymryk JS, Rocco JW, Wheeler D, Scherer S, Giordano TJ, Barrett JW, Faquin WC, Gill AJ, Clayman G, Boutros PC, Nichols AC. The genomic and evolutionary landscapes of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113826. [PMID: 38412093 PMCID: PMC11077417 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is arguably the most lethal human malignancy. It often co-occurs with differentiated thyroid cancers, yet the molecular origins of its aggressivity are unknown. We sequenced tumor DNA from 329 regions of thyroid cancer, including 213 from patients with primary anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. We also whole genome sequenced 9 patients using multi-region sequencing of both differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancer components. Using these data, we demonstrate thatanaplastic thyroid carcinomas have a higher burden of mutations than other thyroid cancers, with distinct mutational signatures and molecular subtypes. Further, different cancer driver genes are mutated in anaplastic and differentiated thyroid carcinomas, even those arising in a single patient. Finally, we unambiguously demonstrate that anaplastic thyroid carcinomas share a genomic origin with co-occurring differentiated carcinomas and emerge from a common malignant field through acquisition of characteristic clonal driver mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Y F Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada; London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stephenie D Prokopec
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Y Lai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicole Pinto
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Roderick Clifton-Bligh
- Division of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle D Williams
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Paul Plantinga
- Department of Pathology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew J Cecchini
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Alfred K Lam
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Iram Siddiqui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ren X Sun
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John D Watson
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Reju Korah
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tobias Carling
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nishant Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicole Cipriani
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Douglas Ball
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barry Nelkin
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa M Rooper
- Division of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin A Bishop
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Paul Weinberger
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Ying C Henderson
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Mao Tian
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Takafumi N Yamaguchi
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julie Livingstone
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adriana Salcedo
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Krupal Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Alessandro Datti
- Network Biology Collaborative Centre, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Liu Xi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuri E Nikiforov
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert Smallridge
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - John A Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Laura A Marlow
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Martin D Hyrcza
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Leigh Delbridge
- Department of Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney, NWS, Australia
| | - Stan Sidhu
- Department of Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney, NWS, Australia
| | - Mark Sywak
- Department of Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney, NWS, Australia
| | - Bruce Robinson
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NWS, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kevin Fung
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Farhad Ghasemi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Keith Kwan
- Department of Pathology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - S Danielle MacNeil
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Mendez
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - David A Palma
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed I Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mushfiq Shaikh
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kara M Ruicci
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Bret Wehrli
- Department of Pathology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Winquist
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - John Yoo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Joe S Mymryk
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada; London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - James W Rocco
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David Wheeler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steve Scherer
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - John W Barrett
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - William C Faquin
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony J Gill
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NWS, Australia; Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gary Clayman
- The Clayman Thyroid Surgery and Thyroid Cancer Center, The Thyroid Institute, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Anthony C Nichols
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada; London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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Samaržija I. The Potential of Extracellular Matrix- and Integrin Adhesion Complex-Related Molecules for Prostate Cancer Biomarker Discovery. Biomedicines 2023; 12:79. [PMID: 38255186 PMCID: PMC10813710 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the top five cancer types according to incidence and mortality. One of the main obstacles in prostate cancer management is the inability to foresee its course, which ranges from slow growth throughout years that requires minimum or no intervention to highly aggressive disease that spreads quickly and resists treatment. Therefore, it is not surprising that numerous studies have attempted to find biomarkers of prostate cancer occurrence, risk stratification, therapy response, and patient outcome. However, only a few prostate cancer biomarkers are used in clinics, which shows how difficult it is to find a novel biomarker. Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) through integrins is among the essential processes that govern its fate. Upon activation and ligation, integrins form multi-protein intracellular structures called integrin adhesion complexes (IACs). In this review article, the focus is put on the biomarker potential of the ECM- and IAC-related molecules stemming from both body fluids and prostate cancer tissue. The processes that they are involved in, such as tumor stiffening, bone turnover, and communication via exosomes, and their biomarker potential are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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6
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Li D, Xu W, Chang Y, Xiao Y, He Y, Ren S. Advances in landscape and related therapeutic targets of the prostate tumor microenvironment. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023. [PMID: 37294106 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The distinct tumor microenvironment (TME) of prostate cancer (PCa), which promotes tumor proliferation and progression, consists of various stromal cells, immune cells, and a dense extracellular matrix (ECM). The understanding of the prostate TME extends to tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) and metastasis niches to provide a more concise comprehension of tumor metastasis. These constituents collectively structure the hallmarks of the pro-tumor TME, including immunosuppressive, acidic, and hypoxic niches, neuronal innervation, and metabolic rewiring. In combination with the knowledge of the tumor microenvironment and the advancement of emerging therapeutic technologies, several therapeutic strategies have been developed, and some of them have been tested in clinical trials. This review elaborates on PCa TME components, summarizes various TME-targeted therapies, and provides insights into PCa carcinogenesis, progression, and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duocai Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yifan Chang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yutian Xiao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yundong He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Shancheng Ren
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
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7
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Chen Z, Fang Y, Jiang W. Important Cells and Factors from Tumor Microenvironment Participated in Perineural Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1360. [PMID: 36900158 PMCID: PMC10000249 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Perineural invasion (PNI) as the fourth way for solid tumors metastasis and invasion has attracted a lot of attention, recent research reported a new point that PNI starts to include axon growth and possible nerve "invasion" to tumors as the component. More and more tumor-nerve crosstalk has been explored to explain the internal mechanism for tumor microenvironment (TME) of some types of tumors tends to observe nerve infiltration. As is well known, the interaction of tumor cells, peripheral blood vessels, extracellular matrix, other non-malignant cells, and signal molecules in TME plays a key role in the occurrence, development, and metastasis of cancer, as to the occurrence and development of PNI. We aim to summarize the current theories on the molecular mediators and pathogenesis of PNI, add the latest scientific research progress, and explore the use of single-cell spatial transcriptomics in this invasion way. A better understanding of PNI may help to understand tumor metastasis and recurrence and will be beneficial for improving staging strategies, new treatment methods, and even paradigm shifts in our treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Anatomy Laboratory of Division of Nose and Cranial Base, Clinical Anatomy Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Anatomy Laboratory of Division of Nose and Cranial Base, Clinical Anatomy Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Weihong Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Anatomy Laboratory of Division of Nose and Cranial Base, Clinical Anatomy Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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8
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Hua SH, Viera M, Yip GW, Bay BH. Theranostic Applications of Glycosaminoglycans in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010266. [PMID: 36612261 PMCID: PMC9818616 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) makes up the majority of kidney cancers, with a poor prognosis for metastatic RCC (mRCC). Challenges faced in the management of mRCC, include a lack of reliable prognostic markers and biomarkers for precise monitoring of disease treatment, together with the potential risk of toxicity associated with more recent therapeutic options. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a class of carbohydrates that can be categorized into four main subclasses, viz., chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate and keratan sulfate. GAGs are known to be closely associated with cancer progression and modulation of metastasis by modification of the tumor microenvironment. Alterations of expression, composition and spatiotemporal distribution of GAGs in the extracellular matrix (ECM), dysregulate ECM functions and drive cancer invasion. In this review, we focus on the clinical utility of GAGs as biomarkers for mRCC (which is important for risk stratification and strategizing effective treatment protocols), as well as potential therapeutic targets that could benefit patients afflicted with advanced RCC. Besides GAG-targeted therapies that holds promise in mRCC, other potential strategies include utilizing GAGs as drug carriers and their mimetics to counter cancer progression, and enhance immunotherapy through binding and transducing signals for immune mediators.
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9
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Zhao XX, Xie WQ, Xiao WF, Li HZ, Naranmandakh S, Bruyere O, Reginster JY, Li YS. Perlecan: Roles in osteoarthritis and potential treating target. Life Sci 2022; 312:121190. [PMID: 36379311 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease, affecting hundreds of millions of people globally, which leads to a high cost of treatment and further medical care and an apparent decrease in patient prognosis. The recent view of OA pathogenesis is that increased vascularity, bone remodeling, and disordered turnover are influenced by multivariate risk factors, such as age, obesity, and overloading. The view also reveals the gap between the development of these processes and early stage risk factors. This review presents the latest research on OA-related signaling pathways and analyzes the potential roles of perlecan, a typical component of the well-known protective structure against osteoarthritic pericellular matrix (PCM). Based on the experimental results observed in end-stage OA models, we summarized and analyzed the role of perlecan in the development of OA. In normal cartilage, it plays a protective role by maintaining the integrin of PCM and sequesters growth factors. Second, perlecan in cartilage is required to not only activate vascular epithelium growth factor receptor (VEGFR) signaling of endothelial cells for vascular invasion and catabolic autophagy, but also for different signaling pathways for the catabolic and anabolic actions of chondrocytes. Finally, perlecan may participate in pain sensitization pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xuan Zhao
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Qing Xie
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Feng Xiao
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Heng-Zhen Li
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shinen Naranmandakh
- School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Sukhbaatar district, 14201 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Olivier Bruyere
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman B23, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Yves Reginster
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman B23, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
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10
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HSPG2 Mutation Association with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Outcome in Melanoma and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143495. [PMID: 35884556 PMCID: PMC9315784 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) markedly promote the survival outcome of advanced melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Clinically, favorable ICI treatment efficacy is noticed only in a smaller proportion of patients. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2) frequently mutates in both tumors. Herein, we aim to investigate the immunotherapeutic and immunological roles of HSPG2 mutations in melanoma and NSCLC. A total of 631 melanoma samples and 109 NSCLC samples with both somatic mutational profiles and clinical immunotherapy data were curated. In addition, by using The Cancer Genome Atlas data, genomic and immunological traits behind HSPG2 mutations were elucidated. Melanoma patients with HSPG2 mutations had a markedly extended ICI outcome than other patients. An association between HSPG2 mutations and the improved outcome was further confirmed in NSCLC. In addition, an elevated ICI response rate was presented in HSPG2-mutated NSCLC patients (81.8% vs. 29.7%, p = 0.002). Subsequent analyses revealed that HSPG2-mutated patients had a favorable abundance of response immunocytes, an inferior abundance of suppression immunocytes, enhanced mutational burden, and interferon response-relevant signaling pathways. We uncovered that HSPG2 mutations were predictive of a better ICI response and associated with preferable immunogenicity, which may be considered as a genomic determinant to customize biotherapy strategies.
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11
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Substituted Syndecan-2-Derived Mimetic Peptides Show Improved Antitumor Activity over the Parent Syndecan-2-Derived Peptide. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115888. [PMID: 35682569 PMCID: PMC9180903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that a synthetic peptide (S2-P) corresponding to a portion of the human syndecan-2 (SDC2) sequence can bind to the pro-domain of matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) to inhibit colon cancer activities. Since S2-P had a relatively weak binding affinity for the MMP-7 pro-domain, we herein modified the amino acid sequence of S2-P to improve the anticancer potential. On the basis of the interaction structure of S2-P and MMP-7, four peptides were generated by replacing amino acids near Tyr 51, which is critical for the interaction. The SDC2-mimetic peptides harboring an Ala-to-Asp substitution at the C-terminal side of Tyr 51 (S2-D) or with an Ala-to-Phe substitution at the N-terminal side of Tyr 51 and an Ala-to-Asp substitution at the C-terminal side of Tyr 51 (S2-FE) showed improved interaction affinities for the MMP-7 pro-domain. Compared to S2-P, S2-FE was better able to inhibit the SDC2-MMP-7 interaction, the cell surface localization of MMP-7, the gelatin degradation activity of MMP-7, and the cancer activities (cell migration, invasion, and colony-forming activity) of human HCT116 colon cancer cells in vitro. In vivo, S2-FE inhibited the primary tumor growth and lung metastasis of CT26 mouse colon cancer cells in a xenograft mouse model. Together, these data suggest that S2-FE could be useful therapeutic anticancer peptides for colon cancer.
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12
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von Mentzer U, Corciulo C, Stubelius A. Biomaterial Integration in the Joint: Pathological Considerations, Immunomodulation, and the Extracellular Matrix. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200037. [PMID: 35420256 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Defects of articular joints are becoming an increasing societal burden due to a persistent increase in obesity and aging. For some patients suffering from cartilage erosion, joint replacement is the final option to regain proper motion and limit pain. Extensive research has been undertaken to identify novel strategies enabling earlier intervention to promote regeneration and cartilage healing. With the introduction of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM), researchers have tapped into the potential for increased tissue regeneration by designing biomaterials with inherent biochemical and immunomodulatory signals. Compared to conventional and synthetic materials, dECM-based materials invoke a reduced foreign body response. It is therefore highly beneficial to understand the interplay of how these native tissue-based materials initiate a favorable remodeling process by the immune system. Yet, such an understanding also demands increasing considerations of the pathological environment and remodeling processes, especially for materials designed for early disease intervention. This knowledge would avoid rejection and help predict complications in conditions with inflammatory components such as arthritides. This review outlines general issues facing biomaterial integration and emphasizes the importance of tissue-derived macromolecular components in regulating essential homeostatic, immunological, and pathological processes to increase biomaterial integration for patients suffering from joint degenerative diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ula von Mentzer
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Carmen Corciulo
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Stubelius
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
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13
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Kang J, La Manna F, Bonollo F, Sampson N, Alberts IL, Mingels C, Afshar-Oromieh A, Thalmann GN, Karkampouna S. Tumor microenvironment mechanisms and bone metastatic disease progression of prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 530:156-169. [PMID: 35051532 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During disease progression from primary towards metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), and in particular bone metastases, the tumor microenvironment (TME) evolves in parallel with the cancer clones, altering extracellular matrix composition (ECM), vasculature architecture, and recruiting specialized tumor-supporting cells that favor tumor spread and colonization at distant sites. We introduce the clinical profile of advanced metastatic PCa in terms of common genetic alterations. Findings from recently developed models of PCa metastatic spread are discussed, focusing mainly on the role of the TME (mainly matrix and fibroblast cell types), at distinct stages: premetastatic niche orchestrated by the primary tumor towards the metastatic site and bone metastasis. We report evidence of premetastatic niche formation, such as the mechanisms of distant site conditioning by extracellular vesicles, chemokines and other tumor-derived mechanisms, including altered cancer cell-ECM interactions. Furthermore, evidence supporting the similarities of stroma alterations among the primary PCa and bone metastasis, and contribution of TME to androgen deprivation therapy resistance are also discussed. We summarize the available bone metastasis transgenic mouse models of PCa from a perspective of pro-metastatic TME alterations during disease progression and give an update on the current diagnostic and therapeutic radiological strategies for bone metastasis clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juening Kang
- Department for BioMedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Federico La Manna
- Department for BioMedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bonollo
- Department for BioMedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Natalie Sampson
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ian L Alberts
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Mingels
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ali Afshar-Oromieh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - George N Thalmann
- Department for BioMedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Karkampouna
- Department for BioMedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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14
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Liu F, Zhou J, Zhang X, Fang S, Liu R, Chen G, Luo Y, Zhang Z, Cheng Y, Wang L, Guo J, Zou Y. Whole-exome sequencing and functional validation reveals a rare missense variant in MMP7 confers ovarian endometriosis risk. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:2595-2605. [PMID: 35288736 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior studies have shown that genetic factors play important roles in ovarian endometriosis. Herein, we first analyzed the WES data from 158 patients with ovarian endometriosis and 385 local control women without endometriosis. Among which, a rare missense variant in the MMP7 (p.I79T, rs150338402) gene exhibited significant frequency difference. This rare variant was screened in an additional 1176 patients and 600 control women via direct DNA sequencing. Meanwhile, a total of 38 available clinical characteristics were collected. Our results showed 45 out of 1334 (3.37%) patients, while 15 out of 985 control women (1.52%) (P = 0.0076) harbored this rare variant, respectively. This rare variant was associated with clinical features such as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH, Padj = 0.0342), luteinizing hormone (LH, Padj = 0.0038), progesterone (PROG, Padj = 1.4e-7), testosterone (TESTO, Padj = 0.0923), total bilirubin (TBIL, Padj = 0.0699), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA, Padj = 0.0665), and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC, Padj = 0.0817), respectively. Functional assays showed this rare variant could promote cell migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and increase the proteolytic protein activity of MMP7, implicating that the increased capacities of cell invasion, migration, and EMT might be mediated by enhanced proteolytic activity of MMP7 mutant. These results showed the MMP7 rare missense variant (p.I79T) played important roles in the pathogenesis of ovarian endometriosis. In conclusion, we identified for the first time, a significantly enriched MMP7 rare variant in ovarian endometriosis; this rare variant was closely associated with certain clinical features in ovarian endometriosis, thus, it could be a promising early diagnostic biomarker for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.,Central Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jiangyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.,Department of Gynecology, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.,Department of Gynecology, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Shufen Fang
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.,Department of Gynecology, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Rongfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.,Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Ge Chen
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.,Central Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.,Central Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.,Central Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Yufen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.,Department of Gynecology, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.,Department of Reproductive Health, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jiubai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.,Department of Gynecology, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Yang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.,Central Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
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15
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Melocchi V, Dama E, Mazzarelli F, Cuttano R, Colangelo T, Di Candia L, Lugli E, Veronesi G, Pelosi G, Ferretti GM, Taurchini M, Graziano P, Bianchi F. Aggressive early-stage lung adenocarcinoma is characterized by epithelial cell plasticity with acquirement of stem-like traits and immune evasion phenotype. Oncogene 2021; 40:4980-4991. [PMID: 34172935 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01909-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the main non-small-cell lung cancer diagnosed in ~40-50% of all lung cancer cases. Despite the improvements in early detection and personalized medicine, even a sizable fraction of patients with early-stage LUAD would experience disease relapses and adverse prognosis. Previous reports indicated the existence of LUAD molecular subtypes characterized by specific gene expression and mutational profiles, and correlating with prognosis. However, the biological and molecular features of such subtypes have not been further explored. Consequently, the mechanisms driving the emergence of aggressive LUAD remained unclear. Here, we adopted a multi-tiered approach ranging from molecular to functional characterization of LUAD and used it on multiple cohorts of patients (for a total of 1227 patients) and LUAD cell lines. We investigated the tumor transcriptome and the mutational and immune gene expression profiles, and we used LUAD cell lines for cancer cell phenotypic screening. We found that loss of lung cell lineage and gain of stem cell-like characteristics, along with mutator and immune evasion phenotypes, explain the aggressive behavior of a specific subset of lung adenocarcinoma that we called C1-LUAD, including early-stage disease. This subset can be identified using a 10-gene prognostic signature. Poor prognosis patients appear to have this specific molecular lung adenocarcinoma subtype which is characterized by peculiar molecular and biological features. Our data support the hypothesis that transformed lung stem/progenitor cells and/or reprogrammed epithelial cells with CSC characteristics are hallmarks of this aggressive disease. Such discoveries suggest alternative, more aggressive, therapeutic strategies for early-stage C1-LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Melocchi
- Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Elisa Dama
- Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Francesco Mazzarelli
- Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Roberto Cuttano
- Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Tommaso Colangelo
- Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Leonarda Di Candia
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Veronesi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pelosi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Inter-Hospital Pathology Division, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Ferretti
- Thoracic Surgical Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Marco Taurchini
- Thoracic Surgical Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Paolo Graziano
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
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16
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Cleavage of the Perlecan-Semaphorin 3A-Plexin A1-Neuropilin-1 (PSPN) Complex by Matrix Metalloproteinase 7/Matrilysin Triggers Prostate Cancer Cell Dyscohesion and Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063218. [PMID: 33809984 PMCID: PMC8004947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Perlecan-Semaphorin 3A-Plexin A1-Neuropilin-1 (PSPN) Complex at the cell surface of prostate cancer (PCa) cells influences cell–cell cohesion and dyscohesion. We investigated matrix metalloproteinase-7/matrilysin (MMP-7)’s ability to digest components of the PSPN Complex in bone metastatic PCa cells using in silico analyses and in vitro experiments. Results demonstrated that in addition to the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, perlecan, all components of the PSPN Complex were degraded by MMP-7. To investigate the functional consequences of PSPN Complex cleavage, we developed a preformed microtumor model to examine initiation of cell dispersion after MMP-7 digestion. We found that while perlecan fully decorated with glycosaminoglycan limited dispersion of PCa microtumors, MMP-7 initiated rapid dyscohesion and migration even with perlecan present. Additionally, we found that a bioactive peptide (PLN4) found in perlecan domain IV in a region subject to digestion by MMP-7 further enhanced cell dispersion along with MMP-7. We found that digestion of the PSPN Complex with MMP-7 destabilized cell–cell junctions in microtumors evidenced by loss of co-registration of E-cadherin and F-actin. We conclude that MMP-7 plays a key functional role in PCa cell transition from a cohesive, indolent phenotype to a dyscohesive, migratory phenotype favoring production of circulating tumor cells and metastasis to bone.
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17
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Barkovskaya A, Buffone A, Žídek M, Weaver VM. Proteoglycans as Mediators of Cancer Tissue Mechanics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:569377. [PMID: 33330449 PMCID: PMC7734320 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.569377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans are a diverse group of molecules which are characterized by a central protein backbone that is decorated with a variety of linear sulfated glycosaminoglycan side chains. Proteoglycans contribute significantly to the biochemical and mechanical properties of the interstitial extracellular matrix where they modulate cellular behavior by engaging transmembrane receptors. Proteoglycans also comprise a major component of the cellular glycocalyx to influence transmembrane receptor structure/function and mechanosignaling. Through their ability to initiate biochemical and mechanosignaling in cells, proteoglycans elicit profound effects on proliferation, adhesion and migration. Pathologies including cancer and cardiovascular disease are characterized by perturbed expression of proteoglycans where they compromise cell and tissue behavior by stiffening the extracellular matrix and increasing the bulkiness of the glycocalyx. Increasing evidence indicates that a bulky glycocalyx and proteoglycan-enriched extracellular matrix promote malignant transformation, increase cancer aggression and alter anti-tumor therapy response. In this review, we focus on the contribution of proteoglycans to mechanobiology in the context of normal and transformed tissues. We discuss the significance of proteoglycans for therapy response, and the current experimental strategies that target proteoglycans to sensitize cancer cells to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barkovskaya
- Center for Bioengineering & Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Alexander Buffone
- Center for Bioengineering & Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Martin Žídek
- Center for Bioengineering & Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Valerie M. Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering & Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Therapeutic Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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18
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Neill T, Buraschi S, Kapoor A, Iozzo RV. Proteoglycan-driven Autophagy: A Nutrient-independent Mechanism to Control Intracellular Catabolism. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:733-746. [PMID: 32623955 PMCID: PMC7649965 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420937370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans are rapidly emerging as versatile regulators of intracellular catabolic pathways. This is predominantly achieved via the non-canonical induction of autophagy, a fundamentally and evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic pathway necessary for maintaining organismal homeostasis. Autophagy facilitated by either decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, or perlecan, a basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan, proceeds independently of ambient nutrient conditions. We found that soluble decorin evokes endothelial cell autophagy and breast carcinoma cell mitophagy by directly interacting with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) or the Met receptor tyrosine kinase, respectively. Endorepellin, a soluble, proteolytic fragment of perlecan, induces autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress within the vasculature, downstream of VEGFR2. These potent matrix-derived cues transduce key biological information via receptor binding to converge upon a newly discovered nexus of core autophagic machinery comprised of Peg3 (paternally expressed gene 3) for autophagy or mitostatin for mitophagy. Here, we give a mechanistic overview of the nutrient-independent, proteoglycan-driven programs utilized for autophagic or mitophagic progression. We propose that catabolic control of cell behavior is an underlying basis for proteoglycan versatility and may provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Simone Buraschi
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Aastha Kapoor
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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19
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Melrose J. Perlecan, a modular instructive proteoglycan with diverse functional properties. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 128:105849. [PMID: 32947020 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study reviewed some new aspects of the modular proteoglycan perlecan, a colossal proteoglycan with a 467 kDa core protein and five distinct functional domains. Perlecan is a heparan sulphate proteoglycan that transiently displays native CS sulphation motifs 4-C-3 and 7-D-4 during tissue morphogenesis these are expressed by progenitor cell populations during tissue development. Perlecan is susceptible to fragmentation by proteases during tissue development and in pathological tissues particularly in domains IV and V. The fragmentation pattern of domain IV has been suggested as a means of grading prostate cancer. Domain V of perlecan is of interest due to its interactive properties with integrin α5β1 that promotes pericyte migration enhancing PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of PDGFRβ, Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2, and focal adhesion kinase supporting the repair of the blood brain barrier following ischaemic stroke. Fragments of domain V can also interact with α2β1 integrin disrupting tube formation by endothelial cells. LG1-LG2, LG3 fragments can antagonise VEGFR2, and α2β1 integrin interactions preventing angiogenesis by endothelial cells. These domain V fragments are of interest as potential anti-tumour agents. Perlecan attached to the luminal surfaces of endothelial cells in blood vessels acts as a flow sensor that signals back to endothelial and smooth muscle cells to regulate vascular tone and blood pressure. Perlecan also acts as a flow sensor in the lacuno-canalicular space regulating osteocytes and bone homeostasis. Along with its biomechanical regulatory properties in cartilaginous tissues this further extends the functional repertoire of this amazingly diverse functional proteoglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Sydney Medical School, Northern, The University of Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
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20
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Yuan XH, Zhang P, Yu TT, Huang HK, Zhang LL, Yang CM, Tan T, Yang SD, Luo XJ, Luo JY. Lycorine inhibits tumor growth of human osteosarcoma cells by blocking Wnt/β-catenin, ERK1/2/MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:5381-5398. [PMID: 33042426 PMCID: PMC7540099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of primary bone cancer. Even with advances in early diagnosis and aggressive treatment, the overall prognosis for OS remains to be further elevated. Lycorine was an isoquinoline alkaloid mainly existed in the bulb of lyco salvia miltiorrhiza and was shown to inhibit several types of cancer. In the present study, we investigated the anti-OS activity of lycorine and the possible underlying mechanism. We found that lycorine inhibited cell proliferation of human OS cells while had lower cytotoxcity against normal cells, and triggered cell cycle arrest at the G1/S transition. Moreover, we validated that lycorine promoted apoptosis via death receptor pathway and mitochondrial pathway, suppressed migration and invasion by reversing epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and suppressing the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in vitro. In addition, orthotopic implantation model of 143B OS cells further confirmed that lycorine suppressed OS growth and lung metastasis in vivo. Mechanically, lycorine reduced the protein level of β-catenin and its' downstream molecule c-Myc. Furthermore, lycorine also decreased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT. Together, our results reveal that lycorine may inhibit tumor growth of OS cells possibly through suppressing Wnt/β-catenin, ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua-Kun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu-Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Mei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Dong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ji Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Yong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Roles of Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans in Cancer Development and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175983. [PMID: 32825245 PMCID: PMC7504257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) spatiotemporally controls cell fate; however, dysregulation of ECM remodeling can lead to tumorigenesis and cancer development by providing favorable conditions for tumor cells. Proteoglycans (PGs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are the major macromolecules composing ECM. They influence both cell behavior and matrix properties through direct and indirect interactions with various cytokines, growth factors, cell surface receptors, adhesion molecules, enzymes, and glycoproteins within the ECM. The classical features of PGs/GAGs play well-known roles in cancer angiogenesis, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Several lines of evidence suggest that PGs/GAGs critically affect broader aspects in cancer initiation and the progression process, including regulation of cell metabolism, serving as a sensor of ECM's mechanical properties, affecting immune supervision, and participating in therapeutic resistance to various forms of treatment. These functions may be implemented through the characteristics of PGs/GAGs as molecular bridges linking ECM and cells in cell-specific and context-specific manners within the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we intend to present a comprehensive illustration of the ways in which PGs/GAGs participate in and regulate several aspects of tumorigenesis; we put forward a perspective regarding their effects as biomarkers or targets for diagnoses and therapeutic interventions.
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22
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Fan R, Wang H, Zhang L, Ma T, Tian Y, Li H. Nanocrystallized Oleanolic Acid Better Inhibits Proliferation, Migration and Invasion in Intracranial Glioma via Caspase-3 Pathway. J Cancer 2020; 11:1949-1958. [PMID: 32194806 PMCID: PMC7052863 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma associates with high malignancy and poor prognosis for traditional treatment. Oleanolic acid (OA) has been confirmed to have an inhibitory effect on different kinds of tumors, while accompanying with low efficiency because of its large molecular mass and low solubility. Nanoliposome is an appropriate drug delivery system that can compensate for the limitations of traditional insoluble drugs, involving improvement of their solubility, stability and lipophilicity. In the present study, we comprised of OA covered with nanoliposomes, named OAnano, to observe antitumor effects on U87 glioma cells. The results showed that OAnano raised the solubility and oil-water partition coefficient. OAnano suppressed proliferation of U87 glioma cells, and also had an anticancer effect on U87 glioma cells, which was found to be higher than that of OA. Moreover, treatment with OAnano induced apoptosis and degraded migration ability by caspase-3 pathway. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that OA covered with nanoliposomes led to enhanced anticancer effects by suppressing proliferation, migration and invasion abilities. The findings may provide a reliable reference for development of new anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruicheng Fan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Battalion 3, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Battalion 4, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Battalion 4, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanping Tian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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23
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Hsu WC, Li WM, Lee YC, Huang AM, Chang LL, Lin HH, Wu WJ, Li CC, Liang PI, Ke HL. MicroRNA-145 suppresses cell migration and invasion in upper tract urothelial carcinoma by targeting ARF6. FASEB J 2020; 34:5975-5992. [PMID: 32077148 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902555r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) is a well-studied protein that is involved in multiple biological functions including cell migration and invasion. The mechanism by which ARF6 regulates the migration and invasion of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is still unknown. MiR-145-5p is a tumor suppressor microRNA, which is downregulated in several cancer types. We aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of ARF6 by miR-145-5p in UTUC. ARF6 expression was observed to be higher in UTUC tissues than paired adjacent normal tissues. A reverse correlation between ARF6 and miR-145-5p was found in UTUC tissues. MiR-145-5p inhibited ARF6 expression by directly targeting its 3'-UTR. The functional studies indicated that ARF6 expression reversed the miR-145-5p-reduced tumor cell migration and invasion. Notably, miR-145-5p reduced MMP2, N-cadherin, FAK and MMP7, and elevated E-cadherin protein levels in vitro; however, the above effects were reversed by ARF6. Further, the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and cell invasion was suppressed by knocking down MMP7 in UTUC cells. These findings suggest that miR-145-5p may suppress UTUC cell motility and invasion by targeting ARF6/MMP7 through EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chi Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Li
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Ministry of Health and Welfare Pingtung Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Lee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - A-Mei Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Li Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hui Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jeng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Li
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Peir-In Liang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lung Ke
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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24
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Pei S, Parthasarathy S, Parajuli A, Martinez J, Lv M, Jiang S, Wu D, Wei S, Lu XL, Farach-Carson MC, Kirn-Safran CB, Wang L. Perlecan/Hspg2 deficiency impairs bone's calcium signaling and associated transcriptome in response to mechanical loading. Bone 2020; 131:115078. [PMID: 31715337 PMCID: PMC6945981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Perlecan, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, acts as a mechanical sensor for bone to detect external loading. Deficiency of perlecan increases the risk of osteoporosis in patients with Schwartz-Jampel Syndrome (SJS) and attenuates loading-induced bone formation in perlecan deficient mice (Hypo). Considering that intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i is an ubiquitous messenger controlling numerous cellular processes including mechanotransduction, we hypothesized that perlecan deficiency impairs bone's calcium signaling in response to loading. To test this, we performed real-time [Ca2+]i imaging on in situ osteocytes of adult murine tibiae under cyclic loading (8N). Relative to wild type (WT), Hypo osteocytes showed decreases in the overall [Ca2+]i response rate (-58%), calcium peaks (-33%), cells with multiple peaks (-53%), peak magnitude (-6.8%), and recovery speed to baseline (-23%). RNA sequencing and pathway analysis of tibiae from mice subjected to one or seven days of unilateral loading demonstrated that perlecan deficiency significantly suppressed the calcium signaling, ECM-receptor interaction, and focal adhesion pathways following repetitive loading. Defects in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium cycling regulators such as Ryr1/ryanodine receptors and Atp2a1/Serca1 calcium pumps were identified in Hypo bones. Taken together, impaired calcium signaling may contribute to bone's reduced anabolic response to loading, underlying the osteoporosis risk for the SJS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Pei
- Center for Biomechanical Engineering Research, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | | | - Ashutosh Parajuli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Jerahme Martinez
- Center for Biomechanical Engineering Research, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Mengxi Lv
- Center for Biomechanical Engineering Research, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Sida Jiang
- Center for Biomechanical Engineering Research, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Danielle Wu
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77054, United States
| | - Shuo Wei
- Center for Biomechanical Engineering Research, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - X Lucas Lu
- Center for Biomechanical Engineering Research, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77054, United States
| | - Catherine B Kirn-Safran
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States; Department of Biology, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013, United States
| | - Liyun Wang
- Center for Biomechanical Engineering Research, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
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25
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Elgundi Z, Papanicolaou M, Major G, Cox TR, Melrose J, Whitelock JM, Farrugia BL. Cancer Metastasis: The Role of the Extracellular Matrix and the Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Perlecan. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1482. [PMID: 32010611 PMCID: PMC6978720 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the dissemination of tumor cells to new sites, resulting in the formation of secondary tumors. This process is complex and is spatially and temporally regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. One important extrinsic factor is the extracellular matrix, the non-cellular component of tissues. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are constituents of the extracellular matrix, and through their heparan sulfate chains and protein core, modulate multiple events that occur during the metastatic cascade. This review will provide an overview of the role of the extracellular matrix in the events that occur during cancer metastasis, primarily focusing on perlecan. Perlecan, a basement membrane HSPG is a key component of the vascular extracellular matrix and is commonly associated with events that occur during the metastatic cascade. Its contradictory role in these events will be discussed and we will highlight the recent advances in cancer therapies that target HSPGs and their modifying enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Elgundi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Papanicolaou
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gretel Major
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas R Cox
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - John M Whitelock
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brooke L Farrugia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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26
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Cruz LA, Tellman TV, Farach-Carson MC. Flipping the Molecular Switch: Influence of Perlecan and Its Modifiers in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1245:133-146. [PMID: 32266656 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-40146-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is rich in matrix components, growth factors, cytokines, and enzymatic modifiers that respond to changing conditions, to alter the fundamental properties of the tumor bed. Perlecan/HSPG2, a large, multi-domain heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is concentrated in the reactive stroma that surrounds tumors. Depending on its state in the TME, perlecan can either prevent or promote the progression of cancers to metastatic disease. Breast, prostate, lung, and renal cancers all preferentially metastasize to bone, a dense, perlecan-rich environment that is initially a "hostile" niche for cancer cells. Driven by inflammation, production of perlecan and its enzyme modifiers, which include matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), sulfatases (SULFs), and heparanase (HPSE), increases in the reactive stroma surrounding growing and invading tumors. MMPs act upon the perlecan core protein, releasing bioactive fragments of the protein, primarily from C-terminal domains IV and V. These fragments influence cell adhesion, invasion, and angiogenesis. Sulfatases and heparanases act directly upon the heparan sulfate chains, releasing growth factors from reservoirs to reach receptors on the cancer cell surface. We propose that perlecan modifiers, by promoting the degradation of the perlecan-rich stroma, "flip the molecular switch" and convert the "hostile" stroma into a welcoming one that supports cancer dissemination and metastasis. Targeted therapies that prevent this molecular conversion of the TME should be considered as potential new therapeutics to limit metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lissette A Cruz
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tristen V Tellman
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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27
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Dynamic matrisome: ECM remodeling factors licensing cancer progression and metastasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:207-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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28
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Martinez JR, Dhawan A, Farach-Carson MC. Modular Proteoglycan Perlecan/ HSPG2: Mutations, Phenotypes, and Functions. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E556. [PMID: 30453502 PMCID: PMC6266596 DOI: 10.3390/genes9110556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2) is an essential, highly conserved gene whose expression influences many developmental processes including the formation of the heart and brain. The gene is widely expressed throughout the musculoskeletal system including cartilage, bone marrow and skeletal muscle. The HSPG2 gene product, perlecan is a multifunctional proteoglycan that preserves the integrity of extracellular matrices, patrols tissue borders, and controls various signaling pathways affecting cellular phenotype. Given HSPG2's expression pattern and its role in so many fundamental processes, it is not surprising that relatively few gene mutations have been identified in viable organisms. Mutations to the perlecan gene are rare, with effects ranging from a relatively mild condition to a more severe and perinatally lethal form. This review will summarize the important studies characterizing mutations and variants of HSPG2 and discuss how these genomic modifications affect expression, function and phenotype. Additionally, this review will describe the clinical findings of reported HSPG2 mutations and their observed phenotypes. Finally, the evolutionary aspects that link gene integrity to function are discussed, including key findings from both in vivo animal studies and in vitro systems. We also hope to facilitate discussion about perlecan/HSPG2 and its role in normal physiology, to explain how mutation can lead to pathology, and to point out how this information can suggest pathways for future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerahme R Martinez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Akash Dhawan
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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