1
|
Dai M, Tan X, Ye Z, Ren J, Chen X, Kong D. Optimal Light Intensity for Lettuce Growth, Quality, and Photosynthesis in Plant Factories. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2616. [PMID: 39339590 PMCID: PMC11434889 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
In agriculture, one of the most crucial elements for sustained plant production is light. Artificial lighting can meet the specific light requirements of various plants. However, it is a challenge to find optimal lighting schemes that can facilitate a balance of plant growth and nutritional qualities. In this study, we experimented with the light intensity required for plant growth and nutrient elements. We designed three light intensity treatments, 180 μmol m-2 s-1 (L1), 210 μmol m-2 s-1 (L2), and 240 μmol m-2 s-1 (L3), to investigate the effect of light intensity on lettuce growth and quality. It can be clearly seen from the radar charts that L2 significantly affected the plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf area. L3 mainly affected the canopy diameter and root shoot ratio. The effect of L1 on lettuce phenotype was not significant compared with that of the others. The total soluble sugar, vitamin C, nitrate, and free amino acid in lettuce showed more significant increases under the L2 treatment than under the other treatments. In addition, the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were opposite to each other. The comprehensive evaluation of the membership function value method and heatmap analysis showed that lettuce had the highest membership function value in L2 light intensity conditions, indicating that the lettuce grown under this light intensity could obtain higher yield and better quality. This study provides a new insight into finding the best environmental factors to balance plant nutrition and growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Dai
- Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiangfeng Tan
- Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Ziran Ye
- Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jianjie Ren
- Shangyu Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Shaoxing 312300, China
| | - Xuting Chen
- Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Dedong Kong
- Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu M, Wang L, Yu Q, Song J, Zhu L, Jia KH, Qin X. The response of LncRNAs associated with photosynthesis-and pigment synthesis-related genes to green light in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024; 161:65-78. [PMID: 38108929 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The quality of light is an important abiotic factor that affects the growth and development of green plants. Ultraviolet, red, blue, and far-red light all have demonstrated roles in regulating green plant growth and development, as well as light morphogenesis. However, the mechanism underlying photosynthetic organism responses to green light throughout the life of them are not clear. In this study, we exposed the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to green light and analyzed the dynamics of transcriptome changes. Based on the whole transcriptome data from C. reinhardtii, a total of 9974 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified under green light. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses indicated that these DEGs were mainly related to "carboxylic acid metabolic process," "enzyme activity," "carbon metabolism," and "photosynthesis and other processes." At the same time, 253 differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DELs) were characterized as green light responsive. We also made a detailed analysis of the responses of photosynthesis- and pigment synthesis-related genes in C. reinhardtii to green light and found that these genes exhibited obvious dynamic expression. Lastly, we constructed a co-expression regulatory network, comprising 49 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 20 photosynthesis and pigment related genes, of which 9 mRNAs were also the predicted trans/cis-targets of 8 lncRNAs, these results suggested that lncRNAs may affect the expression of mRNAs related to photosynthesis and pigment synthesis. Our findings give a preliminary explanation of the response mechanism of C. reinhardtii to green light at the transcriptional level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Liu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Longxin Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Jialin Song
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
- Shandong University of Arts, Jinan, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Kai-Hua Jia
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement & Ecology and Physiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xiaochun Qin
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hayashi S, Levine CP, Yu W, Usui M, Yukawa A, Ohmori Y, Kusano M, Kobayashi M, Nishizawa T, Kurimoto I, Kawabata S, Yamori W. Raising root zone temperature improves plant productivity and metabolites in hydroponic lettuce production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1352331. [PMID: 38689844 PMCID: PMC11058216 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1352331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
While it is commonly understood that air temperature can greatly affect the process of photosynthesis and the growth of higher plants, the impact of root zone temperature (RZT) on plant growth, metabolism, essential elements, as well as key metabolites like chlorophyll and carotenoids, remains an area that necessitates extensive research. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of raising the RZT on the growth, metabolites, elements, and proteins of red leaf lettuce. Lettuce was hydroponically grown in a plant factory with artificial light at four different air temperatures (17, 22, 27, and 30°C) and two treatments with different RZTs. The RZT was raised 3°C above the air temperature in one group, while it was not in the other group. Increasing the RZT 3°C above the air temperature improved plant growth and metabolites, including carotenoids, ascorbic acids, and chlorophyll, in all four air temperature treatments. Moreover, raising the RZT increased Mg, K, Fe, Cu, Se, Rb, amino acids, and total soluble proteins in the leaf tissue at all four air temperatures. These results showed that raising the RZT by 3°C improved plant productivity and the metabolites of the hydroponic lettuce by enhancing nutrient uptake and activating the metabolism in the roots at all four air temperatures. Overall, this research demonstrates that plant growth and metabolites can be improved simultaneously with an increased RZT relative to air temperature. This study serves as a foundation for future research on optimizing RZT in relation to air temperature. Further recommended studies include investigating the differential effects of multiple RZT variations relative to air temperature for increased optimization, examining the effects of RZT during nighttime versus daytime, and exploring the impact of stem heating. This research has the potential to make a valuable contribution to the ongoing growth and progress of the plant factory industry and fundamental advancements in root zone physiology. Overall, this research demonstrates that plant growth and metabolites can be improved simultaneously with an increased RZT relative to air temperature. This study serves as a foundation for future research on optimizing RZT in relation to air temperature. Further recommended studies include investigating the differential effects of multiple RZT variations relative to air temperature for increased optimization, examining the effects of RZT during nighttime versus daytime, and exploring the impact of stem heating. This research has the potential to make a valuable contribution to the ongoing growth and progress of the plant factory industry and fundamental advancements in root zone physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sota Hayashi
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christopher P. Levine
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wakabayashi Yu
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshihiro Ohmori
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyako Kusano
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center (T-PIRC), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishizawa
- Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ikusaburo Kurimoto
- National Institute of Technology, Kisarazu College, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Saneyuki Kawabata
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rehman M, Pan J, Mubeen S, Ma W, Luo D, Cao S, Saeed W, Jin G, Li R, Chen T, Chen P. Morpho-physio-biochemical, molecular, and phytoremedial responses of plants to red, blue, and green light: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:20772-20791. [PMID: 38393568 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Light is a basic requirement to drive carbon metabolism in plants and supports life on earth. Spectral quality greatly affects plant morphology, physiology, and metabolism of various biochemical pathways. Among visible light spectrum, red, blue, and green light wavelengths affect several mechanisms to contribute in plant growth and productivity. In addition, supplementation of red, blue, or green light with other wavelengths showed vivid effects on the plant biology. However, response of plants differs in different species and growing conditions. This review article provides a detailed view and interpretation of existing knowledge and clarifies underlying mechanisms that how red, blue, and green light spectra affect plant morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular parameters to make a significant contribution towards improved crop production, fruit quality, disease control, phytoremediation potential, and resource use efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muzammal Rehman
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jiao Pan
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Samavia Mubeen
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wenyue Ma
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Dengjie Luo
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Shan Cao
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wajid Saeed
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Gang Jin
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Ru Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kong D, Ye Z, Dai M, Ma B, Tan X. Light Intensity Modulates the Functional Composition of Leaf Metabolite Groups and Phyllosphere Prokaryotic Community in Garden Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) Plants at the Vegetative Stage. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1451. [PMID: 38338730 PMCID: PMC10855689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Light intensity primarily drives plant growth and morphogenesis, whereas the ecological impact of light intensity on the phyllosphere (leaf surface and endosphere) microbiome is poorly understood. In this study, garden lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants were grown under low, medium, and high light intensities. High light intensity remarkably induced the leaf contents of soluble proteins and chlorophylls, whereas it reduced the contents of leaf nitrate. In comparison, medium light intensity exhibited the highest contents of soluble sugar, cellulose, and free amino acids. Meanwhile, light intensity resulted in significant changes in the composition of functional genes but not in the taxonomic compositions of the prokaryotic community (bacteria and archaea) in the phyllosphere. Notably, garden lettuce plants under high light intensity treatment harbored more sulfur-cycling mdh and carbon-cycling glyA genes than under low light intensity, both of which were among the 20 most abundant prokaryotic genes in the leaf phyllosphere. Furthermore, the correlations between prokaryotic functional genes and lettuce leaf metabolite groups were examined to disclose their interactions under varying light intensities. The relative abundance of the mdh gene was positively correlated with leaf total chlorophyll content but negatively correlated with leaf nitrate content. In comparison, the relative abundance of the glyA gene was positively correlated with leaf total chlorophyll and carotenoids. Overall, this study revealed that the functional composition of the phyllosphere prokaryotic community and leaf metabolite groups were tightly linked in response to changing light intensities. These findings provided novel insights into the interactions between plants and prokaryotic microbes in indoor farming systems, which will help optimize environmental management in indoor farms and harness beneficial plant-microbe relationships for crop production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dedong Kong
- Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (D.K.); (Z.Y.); (M.D.)
| | - Ziran Ye
- Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (D.K.); (Z.Y.); (M.D.)
| | - Mengdi Dai
- Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (D.K.); (Z.Y.); (M.D.)
| | - Bin Ma
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Xiangfeng Tan
- Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (D.K.); (Z.Y.); (M.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yamashita H, Wada KC, Inagaki N, Fujimoto Z, Yonemaru JI, Itoh H. Deciphering transcriptomic signatures explaining the phenotypic plasticity of nonheading lettuce genotypes under artificial light conditions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3971-3985. [PMID: 37533309 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanisms and pathways involved in genotype-environment (G×E) interactions and phenotypic plasticity is critical for improving plant growth. Controlled environment agricultural systems allow growers to modulate the environment for particular genotypes. In this study, we evaluated the effects of interactions among 14 genotypes and four artificial light environments on leaf lettuce phenotypes and dissected the underlying molecular mechanism via transcriptome-based modeling. Variations in morphological traits and phytochemical concentrations in response to artificial light treatments revealed significant G×E interactions. The appropriate genotype and artificial light combinations for maximizing phenotypic expression were determined on the basis of a joint regression analysis and the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction model for these G×E interactions. Transcriptome-based regression modeling explained approximately 50%-90% of the G×E variations. Further analyzes indicated Red Lettuce Leaves 4 (RLL4) regulates UV-B and blue light signaling through the effects of the HY5-MBW pathway on flavonoid biosynthesis and contributes to natural variations in the light-responsive plasticity of lettuce traits. Our study represents an important step toward elucidating the phenotypic variations due to G×E interactions in nonheading lettuce under artificial light conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Yamashita
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kaede C Wada
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Inagaki
- Research Center for Advanced Analysis, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Zui Fujimoto
- Research Center for Advanced Analysis, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Yonemaru
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Center for Agricultural Information Technology, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hironori Itoh
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Levine CP, Hayashi S, Ohmori Y, Kusano M, Kobayashi M, Nishizawa T, Kurimoto I, Kawabata S, Yamori W. Controlling root zone temperature improves plant growth and pigments in hydroponic lettuce. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:455-470. [PMID: 37688538 PMCID: PMC10667003 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Air and root zone temperatures are important environmental factors affecting plant growth and yield. Numerous studies have demonstrated that air temperature strongly affects plant growth and development. Despite the extensive literature on air temperature, comprehensive studies on the effects of root zone temperature (RZT) on plant growth, elemental composition, and pigments are limited. In this study, we carefully observed the effects of RZT in red leaf lettuce to understand its effect on lettuce growth and pigment content. METHODS Lettuce (Lactuca sativa, red leaf cultivar 'Red Fire') was grown hydroponically in a plant factory with artificial light under three RZT treatments (15, 25, or 35 °C) for 13 days. We investigated the comprehensive effects of RZT on the production of red leaf lettuce by metabolome and ionome analyses. KEY RESULTS The 25 °C RZT treatment achieved maximum shoot and root dry weight. The 35 °C RZT decreased plant growth but significantly increased pigment contents (e.g. anthocyanins, carotenoids). In addition, a RZT heating treatment during plant cultivation that changed from 25 to 35 °C RZT for 8 days before harvest significantly increased shoot dry weight compared with the 35 °C RZT and significantly increased pigments compared with the 25 °C RZT. The 15 °C RZT resulted in significantly less pigment content relative to the 35 °C RZT. The 15 °C RZT also resulted in shoot and root dry weights greater than the 35 °C RZT but less than the 25 °C RZT. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that plant growth and pigments can be enhanced by adjusting RZT during different stages of plant growth to attain enhanced pigment contents while minimizing yield loss. This suggests that controlling RZT could be a viable method to improve lettuce quality via enhancement of pigment content quality while maintaining acceptable yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Levine
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sota Hayashi
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmori
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyako Kusano
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center (T-PIRC), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Japan
- Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishizawa
- Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ikusaburo Kurimoto
- Department of Information and Computer Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kisarazu College, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Saneyuki Kawabata
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang W, Lin Z, Wang W, Shang M, Lv H, Zong Q, Li J, Liang B, Zhou W. Elicitation with hydrogen peroxide promotes growth, phenolic-enrichment, antioxidant activity and nutritional values of two hydroponic lettuce genotypes. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100847. [PMID: 37780298 PMCID: PMC10534238 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary vegetables rich in bioactive compounds are major responsible for promoting human health. Herein, the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an important signaling compound, on growth and quality of two hydroponic lettuce genotypes was investigated. The maximum enhancement of growth traits was shown in lettuce elicited with 10 mmol/L H2O2, while 40 mmol/L H2O2 significantly reduced above growth traits. H2O2 elicitation increased pigment contents and photosynthetic process, which consequently caused enhancements of phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid, glutathione, carotenoids, soluble sugars, free amino acids, soluble protein, minerals, and antioxidant capacity, while above alterations appeared in a genotype-dependent manner. The phenolic accumulation was correlated with improved activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and expression levels of genes related to phenolic biosynthesis, including PAL, chalcone synthase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, dihydroflavonol-4 reductase, and UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase. Therefore, elicitation with H2O2 is a promising strategy to develop lettuce with high bioactive compounds and biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Wang
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Zikun Lin
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Weiran Wang
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Meixin Shang
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Haofeng Lv
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Quanli Zong
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Junliang Li
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Bin Liang
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Weiwei Zhou
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266000, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cho E, Gurdon C, Zhao R, Peng H, Poulev A, Raskin I, Simko I. Phytochemical and Agronomic Characterization of High-Flavonoid Lettuce Lines Grown under Field Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3467. [PMID: 37836207 PMCID: PMC10574981 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are antioxidant phytochemicals that confer a beneficial effect on human health. We have previously developed and characterized eight lettuce (Latuca sativa L.) lines that accumulated high levels of diverse flavonoids and their precursors in controlled environment conditions. Three Rutgers Scarlet lettuce (RSL) lines selected in tissue culture for deep-red color (RSL-NAR, RSL-NBR, RSL-NFR) accumulate anthocyanins and quercetin, three lines identified in a chemically mutagenized red lettuce population accumulate kaempferol (KfoA and KfoB) or naringenin chalcone (Nco), and two lines that were spontaneous green mutants derived from the red line RSL-NAR (GSL, GSL-DG) accumulate quercetin. These eight lines were field-grown in the Salinas Valley of California for four years together with seven control accessions of varying colors (light green, dark green, red, and dark red). At market maturity, a substantial variation in plant composition was observed, but the three RSL lines consistently accumulated high levels of cyanidin, GSL and GSL-DG accumulated the highest levels of quercetin, KfoA and KfoB accumulated kaempferol, and Nco amassed naringenin chalcone, confirming that these mutant lines produce high levels of beneficial phytochemicals under field conditions. Mutant lines and control accessions were also assessed for their biomass production (plant weight, height, and width), overall content of pigments (leaf chlorophyll and anthocyanins), resistance to diseases (downy mildew, lettuce drop, and Impatiens necrotic spot virus), postharvest quality of processed tissue (deterioration and enzymatic discoloration), and composition of 23 mineral elements. All but one mutant line had a fresh plant weight at harvest comparable to commercial leaf cultivars; only Nco plants were significantly (p < 0.05) smaller. Therefore, except for Nco, the new, flavonoid hyperaccumulating lines can be considered for field cultivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Cho
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (E.C.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (I.R.)
| | - Csanad Gurdon
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (E.C.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (I.R.)
| | - Rebecca Zhao
- Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, CA 93905, USA;
| | - Hui Peng
- Everglades Research and Education Center–Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Belle Glade, FL 33430, USA;
| | - Alexander Poulev
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (E.C.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (I.R.)
| | - Ilya Raskin
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (E.C.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (I.R.)
| | - Ivan Simko
- Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, CA 93905, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Weiland M, Weßler CF, Filler T, Glaab J, Lobo Ploch N, Winterwerber U, Wiesner-Reinhold M, Schreiner M, Neugart S. A comparison of consistent UV treatment versus inconsistent UV treatment in horticultural production of lettuce. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:1611-1624. [PMID: 36988788 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
UV radiation is an underrated radiation currently missing in many horticultural production systems of vegetables in protected cultivation. It can be added e.g., in LED light sources. Using lettuce as a model plant, this study determined whether the use of UVB LEDs is suitable (1) for use in consistent systems (indoor farming) or (2) inconsistent systems (greenhouse). Blue and red LEDs were selected as additional artificial lighting to UVB LEDs. Both approaches led to a reproducible increase of desired flavonol glycosides, such as quercetin-3-O-(6''-O-malonyl)-glucoside or quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and the anthocyanin cyanidin-3-O-(6''-O-malonyl)-glucoside in lettuce. The impact of the consistent UVB treatment is higher with up to tenfold changes than that of the inconsistent UVB treatment in the greenhouse. Varying natural light and temperature conditions in greenhouses might affect the efficiency of the artificial UVB treatment. Here, UVB LEDs have been tested and can be recommended for further development of lighting systems in indoor farming and greenhouse approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Weiland
- Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops e.v., Plant Quality and Food Security, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Caspar Friedrich Weßler
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops e.v., Plant Quality and Food Security, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Grossbeeren, Germany
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Filler
- Ferdinand-Braun-Institut (FBH), Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 4, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Glaab
- Ferdinand-Braun-Institut (FBH), Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 4, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Neysha Lobo Ploch
- Ferdinand-Braun-Institut (FBH), Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 4, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Winterwerber
- Ferdinand-Braun-Institut (FBH), Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 4, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie Wiesner-Reinhold
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops e.v., Plant Quality and Food Security, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops e.v., Plant Quality and Food Security, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Susanne Neugart
- Division Quality and Sensory of Plant Products, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Falcioni R, Antunes WC, Demattê JAM, Nanni MR. Biophysical, Biochemical, and Photochemical Analyses Using Reflectance Hyperspectroscopy and Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Kinetics in Variegated Leaves. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:704. [PMID: 37237516 PMCID: PMC10215320 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The adjustments that occur during photosynthesis are correlated with morphological, biochemical, and photochemical changes during leaf development. Therefore, monitoring leaves, especially when pigment accumulation occurs, is crucial for monitoring organelles, cells, tissue, and whole-plant levels. However, accurately measuring these changes can be challenging. Thus, this study tests three hypotheses, whereby reflectance hyperspectroscopy and chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics analyses can improve our understanding of the photosynthetic process in Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A. Juss, a plant with variegated leaves and different pigments. The analyses include morphological and pigment profiling, hyperspectral data, chlorophyll a fluorescence curves, and multivariate analyses using 23 JIP test parameters and 34 different vegetation indexes. The results show that photochemical reflectance index (PRI) is a useful vegetation index (VI) for monitoring biochemical and photochemical changes in leaves, as it strongly correlates with chlorophyll and nonphotochemical dissipation (Kn) parameters in chloroplasts. In addition, some vegetation indexes, such as the pigment-specific simple ratio (PSSRc), anthocyanin reflectance index (ARI1), ratio analysis of reflectance spectra (RARS), and structurally insensitive pigment index (SIPI), are highly correlated with morphological parameters and pigment levels, while PRI, moisture stress index (MSI), normalized difference photosynthetic (PVR), fluorescence ratio (FR), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) are associated with photochemical components of photosynthesis. Combined with the JIP test analysis, our results showed that decreased damage to energy transfer in the electron transport chain is correlated with the accumulation of carotenoids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds in the leaves. Phenomenological energy flux modelling shows the highest changes in the photosynthetic apparatus based on PRI and SIPI when analyzed with Pearson's correlation, the hyperspectral vegetation index (HVI) algorithm, and the partial least squares (PLS) to select the most responsive wavelengths. These findings are significant for monitoring nonuniform leaves, particularly when leaves display high variation in pigment profiling in variegated and colorful leaves. This is the first study on the rapid and precise detection of morphological, biochemical, and photochemical changes combined with vegetation indexes for different optical spectroscopy techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renan Falcioni
- Department of Agronomy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil; (W.C.A.); (M.R.N.)
| | - Werner Camargos Antunes
- Department of Agronomy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil; (W.C.A.); (M.R.N.)
| | - José A. M. Demattê
- Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba 13418-260, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Marcos Rafael Nanni
- Department of Agronomy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil; (W.C.A.); (M.R.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mori T, Rai A, Tsugawa H, Yamada Y, Saito K. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics strategy to explore plant metabolic diversity. Methods Enzymol 2023; 680:247-273. [PMID: 36710013 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants are expert chemists producing millions of metabolites, only a fraction of which are known to date. Plant metabolomics explores the rationale for highly diverse metabolites evolved and synthesized by plants. Over two-thirds of modern medicines are somehow inspired and/or derived from plants, making the identification of phytochemicals a means of discovering new medicines to challenge existing and emerging diseases. This chapter introduces our established liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics approach centered around discovering specialized metabolites (so-called secondary metabolites) across broad lineages of nonmodel plant species. Detecting hundreds to thousands of metabolite peaks, including assigning chemical identity, makes metabolomics data generation and analysis a very complex process. Various mass spectrometry techniques are currently being developed to approach the comprehensive metabolome. Among them, untargeted metabolomics can provide new biological insights by simultaneously and unbiasedly measuring and analyzing all detected metabolites. We have provided a hands-on modular account for untargeted plant metabolomics, from preparing plant biological samples to data analysis and processing using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The methods described here offer a foundation and expert opinion on plant metabolome analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Mori
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Amit Rai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa, Japan; Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsugawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa, Japan; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa, Japan; Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Osman A, Chittiboyina AG, Avula B, Ali Z, Adams SJ, Khan IA. Quality Consistency of Herbal Products: Chemical Evaluation. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 122:163-219. [PMID: 37392312 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26768-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
The widespread utility of herbal products has been rising considerably worldwide, including both developed and developing countries, leading to the rapid growth of their availability in the United States and globally. This substantial increase in consumption of herbal products has witnessed the emergence of adverse effects upon oral administration of certain of these products, and thus has raised safety concerns. The adverse effects caused by the consumption of certain botanical medicines occur primarily as a result of the poor quality of plant raw materials or the finished products, which inherently may affect safety and/or efficacy. The poor quality of some herbal products can be attributed to a lack of proper quality assurance and quality control. A high demand for herbal products that surpasses production, combined with a desire for maximizing profits, along with a lack of rigorous quality control within some manufacturing facilities have led to the emergence of quality inconsistencies. The underlying causes for this involve the misidentification of plant species, or their substitution, adulteration, or contamination with harmful ingredients. Analytical assessments have revealed there to be frequent and significant compositional variations between marketed herbal products. The inconsistency of the quality of herbal products can be ascribed essentially to the inconsistency of the botanical raw material quality used to manufacture the products. Thus, the quality assurance and the quality control of the botanical raw materials is may contribute significantly to improving the quality and consistency of the quality of the end products. The current chapter focuses on the chemical evaluation of quality and consistency of herbal products, including botanical dietary supplements. Different techniques, instruments, applications, and methods used in identifying, quantifying, and generating chemical fingerprints and chemical profiles of the ingredients of the herbal products will be described. The strengths and weaknesses of the various techniques available will be addressed. Limitations of the other approaches including morphological or microscopic analysis and DNA-based analysis will be presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Osman
- School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Bharathi Avula
- School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Sebastian J Adams
- School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kumar V, Sugumaran K, Al-Roumi A, Shajan A. De-novo transcriptome assembly and analysis of lettuce plants grown under red, blue or white light. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22477. [PMID: 36577773 PMCID: PMC9797559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26344-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is grown in various parts of the world for use as a leafy vegetable. Although the use of light-emitting diode (LED) in controlled plant production systems has been successfully used to enhance nutritional quality and plant growth efficiently, the molecular basis of lettuce's response to varying light spectra is not studied. Using next-generation sequencing, we have analyzed the transcriptomes of leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. 'New Red Fire') grown hydroponically in a modular agricultural production system under three different types of LED lighting: red, blue, and white light. Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform was used to generate paired-end sequence reads (58 Gb raw and 54 Gb clean data) of the transcriptome of lettuce leaves exposed to varying light spectra. The de novo assembled final transcriptome contained 74,096 transcripts. Around 53% and 39% of the assembled transcripts matched to the UniProt and RefSeq RNA sequences, respectively. The validation of the differentially expressed transcripts using RT-qPCR showed complete agreement with RNA-Seq data for 27 transcripts. A comparison of the blue versus red light treatments showed the highest number of significantly differentially expressed transcripts. Among the transcripts significantly up-regulated in blue-light-exposed leaves compared to white-light-exposed leaves, ~ 26% were involved in the 'response to stress'. Among the transcripts significantly upregulated under red light compared to white light, ~ 6% were associated with 'nucleosome assembly' and other processes, such as 'oxidation-reduction process' and 'response to water deprivation' were significantly enriched. Thus, the result from the current study provides deeper insights into differential gene expression patterns and associated functional aspects under varying light qualities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait.
| | - Krishnakumar Sugumaran
- Desert Agriculture and Ecosystems Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Amwaj Al-Roumi
- Desert Agriculture and Ecosystems Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Anisha Shajan
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Naoya Fukuda ME, Yoshida H, Kusano M. Effects of light quality, photoperiod, CO 2 concentration, and air temperature on chlorogenic acid and rutin accumulation in young lettuce plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 186:290-298. [PMID: 35932653 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stimuli modulate plant metabolite accumulation, facilitating adaptation to stressful conditions. In this study, the effects of blue and red light, photoperiod, CO2 concentration, and air temperature on the chlorogenic acid (CGA) and rutin contents of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were evaluated. Under continuous blue light and a high CO2 concentration (1000 ppm), the CGA level increased. The increased expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and activity of its product were correlated with high expression of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) and coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H). Furthermore, changes in PAL activity altered the CGA content in lettuce exposed to the three environmental factors, blue light, continuous lighting and high CO2 concentration. In addition, the expression levels of genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis increased in accordance with the promotion of CGA accumulation by the environmental factors. Under continuous blue light, 400 ppm CO2 promoted rutin accumulation to a greater degree compared to 1000 ppm CO2, by downregulating DFR expression. Low air temperature induced CGA accumulation in lettuce grown under continuous blue light and 1000 ppm CO2. Therefore, light quality, photoperiod, CO2 concentration, and air temperature exert synergistic effects on the CGA and rutin contents of lettuce by modulating activity in the corresponding biosynthesis pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirai Endo Naoya Fukuda
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Hideo Yoshida
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Miyako Kusano
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wada KC, Inagaki N, Sakai H, Yamashita H, Nakai Y, Fujimoto Z, Yonemaru J, Itoh H. Genetic effects of Red Lettuce Leaf genes on red coloration in leaf lettuce under artificial lighting conditions. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2022; 3:179-192. [PMID: 37283610 PMCID: PMC10168059 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Some cultivars of lettuce accumulate anthocyanins, which act as functional food ingredients. Leaf lettuce has been known to be erratic in exhibiting red color when grown under artificial light, and there is a need for cultivars that more stably exhibit red color in artificial light cultivation. In this study, we aimed to dissect the genetic architecture for red coloring in various leaf lettuce cultivars grown under artificial light. We investigated the genotype of Red Lettuce Leaf (RLL) genes in 133 leaf lettuce strains, some of which were obtained from publicly available resequencing data. By studying the allelic combination of RLL genes, we further analyzed the contribution of these genes to producing red coloring in leaf lettuce. From the quantification of phenolic compounds and corresponding transcriptome data, we revealed that gene expression level-dependent regulation of RLL1 (bHLH) and RLL2 (MYB) is the underlying mechanism conferring high anthocyanin accumulation in red leaf lettuce under artificial light cultivation. Our data suggest that different combinations of RLL genotypes cause quantitative differences in anthocyanin accumulation among cultivars, and some genotype combinations are more effective at producing red coloration even under artificial lighting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaede C. Wada
- Breeding Big Data Management and Utilization Group, Division of Smart Breeding Research, Institute of Crop ScienceNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaJapan
| | - Noritoshi Inagaki
- Biomacromolecules Research Unit, Research Center for Advanced Analysis, Core Technology Research HeadquartersNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaJapan
| | - Hiroaki Sakai
- Bioinformatics Unit, Research Center for Advanced Analysis, Core Technology Research HeadquartersNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaJapan
| | - Hiroto Yamashita
- Breeding Big Data Management and Utilization Group, Division of Smart Breeding Research, Institute of Crop ScienceNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaJapan
| | - Yusuke Nakai
- Greenhouse Vegetable Production Group, Division of Field Crop and Vegetable Research, Kyushu‐Okinawa Agricultural Research CenterNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationKurumeJapan
| | - Zui Fujimoto
- Biomacromolecules Research Unit, Research Center for Advanced Analysis, Core Technology Research HeadquartersNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaJapan
| | - Jun‐ichi Yonemaru
- Breeding Big Data Management and Utilization Group, Division of Smart Breeding Research, Institute of Crop ScienceNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaJapan
| | - Hironori Itoh
- Breeding Big Data Management and Utilization Group, Division of Smart Breeding Research, Institute of Crop ScienceNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Light Spectral Composition Modifies Polyamine Metabolism in Young Wheat Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158394. [PMID: 35955528 PMCID: PMC9369354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although light-emitting diode (LED) technology has extended the research on targeted photomorphogenic, physiological, and biochemical responses in plants, there is not enough direct information about how light affects polyamine metabolism. In this study, the effect of three spectral compositions (referred to by their most typical characteristic: blue, red, and the combination of blue and red [pink] lights) on polyamine metabolism was compared to those obtained under white light conditions at the same light intensity. Although light quality induced pronounced differences in plant morphology, pigment contents, and the expression of polyamine metabolism-related genes, endogenous polyamine levels did not differ substantially. When exogenous polyamines were applied, their roborative effect were detected under all light conditions, but these beneficial changes were correlated with an increase in polyamine content and polyamine metabolism-related gene expression only under blue light. The effect of the polyamines on leaf gene expression under red light was the opposite, with a decreasing tendency. Results suggest that light quality may optimize plant growth through the adjustment of polyamine metabolism at the gene expression level. Polyamine treatments induced different strategies in fine-tuning of polyamine metabolism, which were induced for optimal plant growth and development under different spectral compositions.
Collapse
|
18
|
Nagano S, Mori N, Tomari Y, Mitsugi N, Deguchi A, Kashima M, Tezuka A, Nagano AJ, Usami H, Tanabata T, Watanabe H. Effect of differences in light source environment on transcriptome of leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to optimize cultivation conditions. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265994. [PMID: 35349601 PMCID: PMC8963549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
When used in closed-type plant factories, light-emitting diode (LED) illumination systems have the particular advantages of low heat emission and high luminous efficiency. The effects of illumination quality and intensity on the growth and morphogenesis of many plant species have been examined, but improvements are needed to optimize the illumination systems for better plant products with lower resource investments. In particular, new strategies are needed to reduce the wastage of plant products related to leaf senescence, and to better control the ingredients and appearance of leafy vegetables. Although the quality of light is often altered to change the characteristics of plant products, the transcriptional status underlying the physiological responses of plants to light has not been established. Herein, we performed a comprehensive gene expression analysis using RNA-sequencing to determine how red, blue, and red/blue LEDs and fluorescent light sources affect transcriptome involved in the leaf aging of leaf lettuce. The RNA-sequencing profiling revealed clear differences in the transcriptome between young and old leaves. Red LED light caused large variation between the two age classes, while a pure or mixed blue LED light spectrum induced fewer transcriptome differences between young and old leaves. Collectively, the expression levels of genes that showed homology with those of other model organisms provide a detailed physiological overview, incorporating such characteristics as the senescence, nutrient deficiency, and anthocyanin synthesis of the leaf lettuce plants. Our findings suggest that transcriptome profiles of leaf lettuce grown under different light sources provide helpful information to achieve better growth conditions for marketable and efficient green-vegetable production, with improved wastage control and efficient nutrient inputs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Nagano
- Department of Advanced Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoya Mori
- Tamagawa University Research Institute, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Tomari
- Tamagawa University Research Institute, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Mitsugi
- Department of Advanced Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Deguchi
- Research Institute for Food and Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Makoto Kashima
- Research Institute for Food and Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tezuka
- Research Institute for Food and Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Atsushi J. Nagano
- Research Institute for Food and Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hitohide Usami
- Tamagawa University Research Institute, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanari Tanabata
- Department of Advanced Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Advanced Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Trojak M, Skowron E, Sobala T, Kocurek M, Pałyga J. Effects of partial replacement of red by green light in the growth spectrum on photomorphogenesis and photosynthesis in tomato plants. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 151:295-312. [PMID: 34580802 PMCID: PMC8940809 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The artificial light used in growth chambers is usually devoid of green (G) light, which is considered to be less photosynthetically efficient than blue (B) or red (R) light. To verify the role of G light supplementation in the spectrum, we modified the RB spectrum by progressively replacing R light with an equal amount of G light. The tomato plants were cultivated under 100 µmol m-2 s-1 of five different combinations of R (35-75%) and G light (0-40%) in the presence of a fixed proportion of B light (25%) provided by light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Substituting G light for R altered the plant's morphology and partitioning of biomass. We observed a decrease in the dry biomass of leaves, which was associated with increased biomass accumulation and the length of the roots. Moreover, plants previously grown under the RGB spectrum more efficiently utilized the B light that was applied to assess the effective quantum yield of photosystem II, as well as the G light when estimated with CO2 fixation using RB + G light-response curves. At the same time, the inclusion of G light in the growth spectrum reduced stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E) and altered stomatal traits, thus improving water-use efficiency. Besides this, the increasing contribution of G light in place of R light in the growth spectrum resulted in the progressive accumulation of phytochrome interacting factor 5, along with a lowered level of chalcone synthase and anthocyanins. However, the plants grown at 40% G light exhibited a decreased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and consequently, a reduced dry biomass accumulation, accompanied by morphological and molecular traits related to shade-avoidance syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Trojak
- Department of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406, Kielce, Poland.
| | - Ernest Skowron
- Department of Environmental Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sobala
- Department of Environmental Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Maciej Kocurek
- Department of Environmental Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Jan Pałyga
- Department of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Theparod T, Harnsoongnoen S. Narrow-Band Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) Effects on Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus) Sprouts with Remote Monitoring and Recording by Internet of Things Device. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:1503. [PMID: 35214417 PMCID: PMC8877001 DOI: 10.3390/s22041503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that light quality critically affects plant development and growth; however, the response depends upon the plant species. This research aims to examine the effects of different light wavelengths on sunflower (Helianthus annuus) sprouts that were stimulated during the night. Natural light and narrow-band light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were used for an analysis of sunflower sprouts grown under full light and specific light wavelengths. Sunflower seeds were germinated under different light spectra including red, blue, white, and natural light. Luminosity, temperature, and humidity sensors were installed in the plant nursery and remotely monitored and recorded by an Internet of Things (IoT) device. The experiment examined seed germination for seven days. The results showed that the red light had the most influence on sunflower seed germination, while the natural light had the most influence on the increase in the root and hypocotyl lengths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thitiya Theparod
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand;
| | - Supakorn Harnsoongnoen
- The Biomimicry for Sustainable Agriculture, Health, Environment and Energy Research Unit, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Paradiso R, Proietti S. Light-Quality Manipulation to Control Plant Growth and Photomorphogenesis in Greenhouse Horticulture: The State of the Art and the Opportunities of Modern LED Systems. JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2022; 41:742-780. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s00344-021-10337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AbstractLight quantity (intensity and photoperiod) and quality (spectral composition) affect plant growth and physiology and interact with other environmental parameters and cultivation factors in determining the plant behaviour. More than providing the energy for photosynthesis, light also dictates specific signals which regulate plant development, shaping and metabolism, in the complex phenomenon of photomorphogenesis, driven by light colours. These are perceived even at very low intensity by five classes of specific photoreceptors, which have been characterized in their biochemical features and physiological roles. Knowledge about plant photomorphogenesis increased dramatically during the last years, also thanks the diffusion of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which offer several advantages compared to the conventional light sources, such as the possibility to tailor the light spectrum and to regulate the light intensity, depending on the specific requirements of the different crops and development stages. This knowledge could be profitably applied in greenhouse horticulture to improve production schedules and crop yield and quality. This article presents a brief overview on the effects of light spectrum of artificial lighting on plant growth and photomorphogenesis in vegetable and ornamental crops, and on the state of the art of the research on LEDs in greenhouse horticulture. Particularly, we analysed these effects by approaching, when possible, each single-light waveband, as most of the review works available in the literature considers the influence of combined spectra.
Collapse
|
22
|
Can Light Spectrum Composition Increase Growth and Nutritional Quality of Linum usitatissimum L. Sprouts and Microgreens? HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Flaxseed could be suitable for obtaining high-quality sprouts and microgreens thanks to high amounts of nutrients and antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticancer compound content in its seeds. Recent studies highlighted that seedling growth, nutritional compound, and secondary metabolite content can be strongly managed by regulation of the light spectrum used during germination. The present study intended to shed light on flaxseed as emerging and novel species for sprouts and microgreens and to evaluate the effect of light, with different spectrum compositions (100% blue, 100% red, 100% green, and red:green:blue—1:1:1) on the performance of flax microgreens and sprouts grown indoors under controlled conditions. Microgreens showed, compared to sprouts, a higher chlorophyll (+62.6%), carotenoid (+24.4%), and phenol content (+37.8%), antioxidant capacity (+25.1%) and a lower dry matter content (−30.7%). Besides, microgreens treated with 100% blue light were characterized by the highest content of flavonoids (2.48 mg CAE g−1 FW), total phenols (3.76 mg GAE g−1 FW), chlorogenic acid (1.10 mg g−1 FW), and antioxidant capacity (8.06 µmol TEAC g−1 FW). The paper demonstrates the feasibility of obtaining flax sprouts and microgreens indoors with a considerable antioxidant capacity and health-promoting compounds by modulating the light spectrum.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ohsaki H, Miyagi A, Kawai‐Yamada M, Yamawo A. Intraspecific interaction of host plants leads to concentrated distribution of a specialist herbivore through metabolic alterations in the leaves. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Ohsaki
- Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science Hirosaki University Hirosaki Aomori Japan
| | - Atsuko Miyagi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Saitama City Saitama Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture Yamagata University Tsuruoka Yamagata Japan
| | - Maki Kawai‐Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Saitama City Saitama Japan
| | - Akira Yamawo
- Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science Hirosaki University Hirosaki Aomori Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Transcriptome sequencing revealed the influence of blue light on the expression levels of light-stress response genes in Centella asiatica. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260468. [PMID: 34843573 PMCID: PMC8629183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Centella asiatica is rich in medical and cosmetic properties. While physiological responses of C. asiatica to light have been widely reported, the knowledge of the effects of light on its gene expression is sparse. In this study, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to investigate the expression of the C. asiatica genes in response to monochromatic red and blue light. Most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under blue light were up-regulated but those under red light were down-regulated. The DEGs encoded for CRY-DASH and UVR3 were among up-regulated genes that play significant roles in responses under blue light. The DEGs involved in the response to photosystem II photodamages and in the biosynthesis of photoprotective xanthophylls were also up-regulated. The expression of flavonoid biosynthetic DEGs under blue light was up-regulated but that under red light was down-regulated. Correspondingly, total flavonoid content under blue light was higher than that under red light. The ABI5, MYB4, and HYH transcription factors appeared as hub nodes in the protein-protein interaction network of the DEGs under blue light while ERF38 was a hub node among the DEGs under red light. In summary, stress-responsive genes were predominantly up-regulated under blue light to respond to stresses that could be induced under high energy light. The information obtained from this study can be useful to better understand the responses of C. asiatica to different light qualities.
Collapse
|
25
|
Weremczuk-Jeżyna I, Kuźma Ł, Grzegorczyk-Karolak I. The effect of different light treatments on morphogenesis, phenolic compound accumulation and antioxidant potential of Dracocephalum forrestii transformed shoots cultured in vitro. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2021; 224:112329. [PMID: 34649186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of wavelengths of light emitted from LEDs on cultured in vitro transformed shoots of Dracocephalum forrestii. The shoots were grown on MS agar medium with 0.5 mg/l BPA (N-benzyl-9-(tetrahydropyranyl)-adenine) and 0.2 mg/l IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) under four light environments: blue, red, red/blue (7:3) and white (control). After four weeks of culture, shoot multiplication rate, biomass and morphology were evaluated, as well as bioactive phenolic content, antioxidant capacities and antioxidant enzyme activities. The hydromethanolic extracts from shoots were analyzed using UHPLC method, and antioxidant potential was evaluated using radical scavenging (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrohydrazyl and superoxide anion), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and enzymatic methods, i.e. sodium dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity. It was found that the blue and red/blue light had the strongest effect on morphogenesis and shoot propagation; in these conditions, more than five new shoots were obtained per explant. The blue light cultures demonstrated the highest fresh (0.41 g/tube FW) and dry weights (0.045 g/tube DW), the highest levels of polyphenols (99.7 mg/g DW), i.e. almost three times greater than under white light (35.4 mg/g DW), as well as the highest antioxidant potential. Therefore, LED culture appears to be a beneficial strategy for enhancing the production of the medicinal value of transformed D. forrestii shoot culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Łukasz Kuźma
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sharma S, Sanyal SK, Sushmita K, Chauhan M, Sharma A, Anirudhan G, Veetil SK, Kateriya S. Modulation of Phototropin Signalosome with Artificial Illumination Holds Great Potential in the Development of Climate-Smart Crops. Curr Genomics 2021; 22:181-213. [PMID: 34975290 PMCID: PMC8640849 DOI: 10.2174/1389202922666210412104817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in environmental conditions like temperature and light critically influence crop production. To deal with these changes, plants possess various photoreceptors such as Phototropin (PHOT), Phytochrome (PHY), Cryptochrome (CRY), and UVR8 that work synergistically as sensor and stress sensing receptors to different external cues. PHOTs are capable of regulating several functions like growth and development, chloroplast relocation, thermomorphogenesis, metabolite accumulation, stomatal opening, and phototropism in plants. PHOT plays a pivotal role in overcoming the damage caused by excess light and other environmental stresses (heat, cold, and salinity) and biotic stress. The crosstalk between photoreceptors and phytohormones contributes to plant growth, seed germination, photo-protection, flowering, phototropism, and stomatal opening. Molecular genetic studies using gene targeting and synthetic biology approaches have revealed the potential role of different photoreceptor genes in the manipulation of various beneficial agronomic traits. Overexpression of PHOT2 in Fragaria ananassa leads to the increase in anthocyanin content in its leaves and fruits. Artificial illumination with blue light alone and in combination with red light influence the growth, yield, and secondary metabolite production in many plants, while in algal species, it affects growth, chlorophyll content, lipid production and also increases its bioremediation efficiency. Artificial illumination alters the morphological, developmental, and physiological characteristics of agronomic crops and algal species. This review focuses on PHOT modulated signalosome and artificial illumination-based photo-biotechnological approaches for the development of climate-smart crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Sharma
- Lab of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sibaji K. Sanyal
- Lab of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kumari Sushmita
- Lab of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Manisha Chauhan
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Gireesh Anirudhan
- Integrated Science Education and Research Centre (ISERC), Institute of Science (Siksha Bhavana), Visva Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan (PO), West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Sindhu K. Veetil
- Lab of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Suneel Kateriya
- Lab of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Takahashi S, Namioka Y, Azis HR, Sano T, Aono M, Koshiyama M, Fujisawa H, Isoda H. Prohydrojasmon Promotes the Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds in Red Leaf Lettuce. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091920. [PMID: 34579452 PMCID: PMC8468872 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prohydrojasmon (PDJ) is a synthetic jasmonate derivative that is primarily used as a growth regulator, but its mechanism of action is unclear. In this study, we elucidated the effects of PDJ on phytochemical production in red leaf lettuce. The PDJ treatments promoted the accumulation of phenolic compounds in aerial plant parts. An LC-MS analysis revealed that these accumulated compounds were identified as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-(6″-O-malonyl)-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-(6″-O-malonyl)-glucoside methyl ester. The abundance of these compounds in lettuce extracts increased significantly in response to the PDJ treatment. Additionally, the LC-MS analysis also identified the accumulated phenolic compounds in the extracts of PDJ-treated lettuce, including caffeoyltartaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeoylmalic acid, chicoric acid, and dicaffeoylquinic acid. Gene expression analyses indicated the PDJ treatments upregulated the expression of PAL, F3H, and ANS genes in lettuce. These results suggest that PDJ treatments enhance the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds, resulting in an increase in the quantities of these compounds, which reportedly have various functions affecting human physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Takahashi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
- Master’s Program in Life Science Innovation (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yui Namioka
- Master’s Program in Life Science Innovation (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.A.)
| | - Haidar Rafid Azis
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
| | - Tomoharu Sano
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan;
| | - Mitsuko Aono
- Master’s Program in Life Science Innovation (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.A.)
- Biodiversity Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Masami Koshiyama
- Specialty Chemicals Division, Zeon Corporation, Chiyoda, Tokyo 104-8246, Japan;
| | | | - Hiroko Isoda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
- Master’s Program in Life Science Innovation (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sng BJR, Mun B, Mohanty B, Kim M, Phua ZW, Yang H, Lee DY, Jang IC. Combination of red and blue light induces anthocyanin and other secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways in an age-dependent manner in Batavia lettuce. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 310:110977. [PMID: 34315593 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lettuce is commonly consumed around the world, spurring the cultivation of green- and red-leaf varieties in indoor farms. One common consideration for indoor cultivation is the light wavelengths/spectrum, which is an important factor for regulating growth, development, and the accumulation of metabolites. Here, we show that Batavia lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. "Batavia") grown under a combination of red (R) and blue (B) light (RB, R:B = 3:1) displayed better growth and accumulated more anthocyanin than lettuce grown under fluorescent light (FL). Anthocyanin concentration was also higher in mature stage than early stage lettuce. By performing a comparative transcriptome analysis of early and mature stage lettuce grown under RB or FL (RB or FL-lettuce), we found that RB induced the expression of genes related to oxidation-reduction reaction and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Furthermore, plant age affected the transcriptome response to RB, as mature RB-lettuce had six times more differentially expressed genes than early RB-lettuce. Also, genes related to the accumulation of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids and anthocyanins were more induced in mature RB-lettuce. A detailed analysis of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway revealed key genes that were up-regulated in mature RB-lettuce. Concurrently, branching pathways for flavonol and lignin precursors were down-regulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benny Jian Rong Sng
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Bonggyu Mun
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Bijayalaxmi Mohanty
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Mijung Kim
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Zhi Wei Phua
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Hyunsoo Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Dong-Yup Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Cheol Jang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gurdon C, Kozik A, Tao R, Poulev A, Armas I, Michelmore RW, Raskin I. Isolating an active and inactive CACTA transposon from lettuce color mutants and characterizing their family. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:929-944. [PMID: 33768232 PMCID: PMC8195511 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Dietary flavonoids play an important role in human nutrition and health. Flavonoid biosynthesis genes have recently been identified in lettuce (Lactuca sativa); however, few mutants have been characterized. We now report the causative mutations in Green Super Lettuce (GSL), a natural light green mutant derived from red cultivar NAR; and GSL-Dark Green (GSL-DG), an olive-green natural derivative of GSL. GSL harbors CACTA 1 (LsC1), a 3.9-kb active nonautonomous CACTA superfamily transposon inserted in the 5' untranslated region of anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), a gene coding for a key enzyme in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Both terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) of this transposon were intact, enabling somatic excision of the mobile element, which led to the restoration of ANS expression and the accumulation of red anthocyanins in sectors on otherwise green leaves. GSL-DG harbors CACTA 2 (LsC2), a 1.1-kb truncated copy of LsC1 that lacks one of the TIRs, rendering the transposon inactive. RNA-sequencing and reverse transcription quantitative PCR of NAR, GSL, and GSL-DG indicated the relative expression level of ANS was strongly influenced by the transposon insertions. Analysis of flavonoid content indicated leaf cyanidin levels correlated positively with ANS expression. Bioinformatic analysis of the cv Salinas lettuce reference genome led to the discovery and characterization of an LsC1 transposon family with a putative transposon copy number greater than 1,700. Homologs of tnpA and tnpD, the genes encoding two proteins necessary for activation of transposition of CACTA elements, were also identified in the lettuce genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Csanad Gurdon
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, USA
| | | | - Rong Tao
- UC Davis Genome Center, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Alexander Poulev
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, USA
| | - Isabel Armas
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, USA
| | | | - Ilya Raskin
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Augustijn D, de Groot HJM, Alia A. HR-MAS NMR Applications in Plant Metabolomics. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040931. [PMID: 33578691 PMCID: PMC7916392 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is used to reduce the complexity of plants and to understand the underlying pathways of the plant phenotype. The metabolic profile of plants can be obtained by mass spectrometry or liquid-state NMR. The extraction of metabolites from the sample is necessary for both techniques to obtain the metabolic profile. This extraction step can be eliminated by making use of high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR. In this review, an HR-MAS NMR-based workflow is described in more detail, including used pulse sequences in metabolomics. The pre-processing steps of one-dimensional HR-MAS NMR spectra are presented, including spectral alignment, baseline correction, bucketing, normalisation and scaling procedures. We also highlight some of the models which can be used to perform multivariate analysis on the HR-MAS NMR spectra. Finally, applications of HR-MAS NMR in plant metabolomics are described and show that HR-MAS NMR is a powerful tool for plant metabolomics studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dieuwertje Augustijn
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (D.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Huub J. M. de Groot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - A. Alia
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16–17, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: (D.A.); (A.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pierik R, Ballaré CL. Control of Plant Growth and Defense by Photoreceptors: From Mechanisms to Opportunities in Agriculture. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:61-76. [PMID: 33276158 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants detect and respond to the proximity of competitors using light signals perceived by photoreceptor proteins. A low ratio of red to far-red radiation (R:FR ratio) is a key signal of competition that is sensed by the photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB). Low R:FR ratios increase the synthesis of growth-related hormones, including auxin and gibberellins, promoting stem elongation and other shade-avoidance responses. Other photoreceptors that help plants to optimize their developmental configuration and resource allocation patterns in the canopy include blue light photoreceptors, such as cryptochromes and phototropins, and UV receptors, such as UVR8. All photoreceptors act by directly or indirectly controlling the activity of two major regulatory nodes for growth and development: the COP1/SPA ubiquitin E3 ligase complex and the PIF transcription factors. phyB is also an important modulator of hormonal pathways that regulate plant defense against herbivores and pathogens, including the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. In this Perspective, we discuss recent advances on the studies of the mechanisms that link photoreceptors with growth and defense. Understanding these mechanisms is important to provide a functional platform for breeding programs aimed at improving plant productivity, stress tolerance, and crop health in species of agronomic interest, and to manipulate the light environments in protected agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Pierik
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, the Netherlands.
| | - Carlos L Ballaré
- IFEVA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ave. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina; IIBIO-INTECH, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, B1650HMP, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zeng L, Zhou X, Su X, Yang Z. Chinese oolong tea: An aromatic beverage produced under multiple stresses. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
33
|
Liu X, Chen Z, Jahan MS, Wen Y, Yao X, Ding H, Guo S, Xu Z. RNA-Seq analysis reveals the growth and photosynthetic responses of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under red and blue LEDs with supplemental yellow, green, or white light. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:206. [PMID: 33328459 PMCID: PMC7705657 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Compound light is required for plant growth and development, but the response mechanisms of plants are undercharacterized and not fully understood. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of supplemental light (green light, G; white light, W; yellow light, Y) added to red-blue light (RB) and sole W on the growth and photosynthesis of rapeseed seedlings. The results revealed that supplemental G/W improved the growth and photosynthesis of seedlings, but supplemental Y significantly reduced the photosynthetic rate and palisade tissue layer. Sole W caused similar responses in terms of growth, leaf development, oxidative damage, and antioxidant capability as supplemental Y. In total, 449, 367, 813, and 751 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified under supplemental G, Y, and W and sole W, respectively, compared to RB. The DEGs under different lights were closely associated with pathways such as light stimulus and high-light response, root growth, leaf development, photosynthesis, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, carbohydrate synthesis and degradation, secondary metabolism, plant hormones, and antioxidant capacity, which contributed to the distinct growth and photosynthesis under different treatments. Our results suggest that Y is more likely substituted by other wavelengths to achieve certain effects similar to those of supplemental Y, while G has a more distinctive effect on rapeseed. Taken together, supplementation RB with G/W promotes the growth of rapeseed seedlings in a controlled environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zheng Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Mohammad Shah Jahan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
- Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Yixuan Wen
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuyang Yao
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Ding
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, 832003, Shihezi, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Exploration of the Effects of Different Blue LED Light Intensities on Flavonoid and Lipid Metabolism in Tea Plants via Transcriptomics and Metabolomics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134606. [PMID: 32610479 PMCID: PMC7369854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue light extensively regulates multiple physiological processes and secondary metabolism of plants. Although blue light quantity (fluence rate) is important for plant life, few studies have focused on the effects of different blue light intensity on plant secondary metabolism regulation, including tea plants. Here, we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of young tea shoots (one bud and two leaves) under three levels of supplemental blue light, including low-intensity blue light (LBL, 50 μmol m–2 s–1), medium-intensity blue light (MBL, 100 μmol m–2 s–1), and high-intensity blue light (HBL, 200 μmol m–2 s–1). The total number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in LBL, MBL and HBL was 1, 7 and 1097, respectively, indicating that high-intensity blue light comprehensively affects the transcription of tea plants. These DEGs were primarily annotated to the pathways of photosynthesis, lipid metabolism and flavonoid synthesis. In addition, the most abundant transcription factor (TF) families in DEGs were bHLH and MYB, which have been shown to be widely involved in the regulation of plant flavonoids. The significantly changed metabolites that we detected contained 15 lipids and 6 flavonoid components. Further weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) indicated that CsMYB (TEA001045) may be a hub gene for the regulation of lipid and flavonoid metabolism by blue light. Our results may help to establish a foundation for future research investigating the regulation of woody plants by blue light.
Collapse
|
35
|
Wei L, You W, Gong Y, El Hajjami M, Liang W, Xu J, Poetsch A. Transcriptomic and proteomic choreography in response to light quality variation reveals key adaption mechanisms in marine Nannochloropsis oceanica. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137667. [PMID: 32325597 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms need to respond frequently to the fluctuation of light quality and light quantity in their habitat. In response to the fluctuation of different single wavelength lights, these organisms have to adjust and optimize the employment of light energy by redistributing excitation energy and remodeling photosystem stoichiometry or light complex structure. However, the response of whole cellular processes to fluctuations in single wavelength light is mostly unknown. Here, we report the transcriptomic and proteomic dynamics and metabolic adaptation mechanisms of Nannochloropsis oceanica to blue and red light. Preferential exposure to different light spectra induces massive reprogramming of the Nannochloropsis transcriptome and proteome. Combined with physiological and biochemical investigation, the rewiring of many cellular processes was observed, including carbon/nitrogen assimilation, photosynthesis, chlorophyll and cartenoid biosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging systems, and chromatin state regulation. A strong and rapid regulation of genes or proteins related to nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis, chlorophyll synthesis, ROS scavenging system, and carotenoid metabolism were observed during 12 h and 24 h of exposure under red light. Additionally, two light harvesting complex proteins induced by blue light and one by red light were observed. The differential responses of N. oceanica to red and blue irradiation reveal how marine microalgae adapt to change in light quality and can be exploited for biofuel feedstock development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wuxin You
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Department of Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Yanhai Gong
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Mohamed El Hajjami
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wensi Liang
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Usman H, Ullah MA, Jan H, Siddiquah A, Drouet S, Anjum S, Giglioli-Guviarc’h N, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Interactive Effects of Wide-Spectrum Monochromatic Lights on Phytochemical Production, Antioxidant and Biological Activities of Solanum xanthocarpum Callus Cultures. Molecules 2020; 25:E2201. [PMID: 32397194 PMCID: PMC7248882 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Solanum xanthocarpum is considered an important traditional medicinal herb because of its unique antioxidant, and anti-diabetic, anti-aging, and anti-inflammatory potential. Because of the over exploitation linked to its medicinal properties as well as destruction of its natural habitat, S. xanthocarpum is now becoming endangered and its supply is limited. Plant in vitro culture and elicitation are attractive alternative strategies to produce biomass and stimulate biosynthesis of medicinally important phytochemicals. Here, we investigated the potential influence of seven different monochromatic light treatments on biomass and secondary metabolites accumulation in callus culture of S. xanthocarpum as well as associated biological activities of the corresponding extracts. Among different light treatments, highest biomass accumulation was observed in white light-treated callus culture. Optimum accumulation of total flavonoid contents (TFC) and total phenolic contents (TPC) were observed in callus culture kept under continuous white and blue light respectively than control. Quantification of phytochemicals through HPLC revealed that optimum production of caffeic acid (0.57 ± 0.06 mg/g DW), methyl-caffeate (17.19 mg/g ± 1.79 DW), scopoletin (2.28 ± 0.13 mg/g DW), and esculetin (0.68 ± 0.07 mg/g DW) was observed under blue light callus cultures. Compared to the classic photoperiod condition, caffeic acid, methyl-caffeate, scopoletin, and esculetin were accumulated 1.7, 2.5, 1.1, and 1.09-folds higher, respectively. Moreover, high in vitro cell free antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-aging, and anti-inflammatory activities were closely associated with the production of these secondary metabolites. These results clearly showed the interest to apply multispectral light as elicitor of in vitro callus cultures S. xanthocarpum to promote the production of important phytochemicals, and allow us to propose this system as an alternative for the collection of this endangered species from the wild.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazrat Usman
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.U.); (M.A.U.); (H.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Muhammad Asad Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.U.); (M.A.U.); (H.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Hasnain Jan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.U.); (M.A.U.); (H.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Aisha Siddiquah
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.U.); (M.A.U.); (H.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328 Unversité ď, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France;
- COSMACTIFS, Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, CEDEX 2, 4506 Orléans, France
| | - Sumaira Anjum
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | | | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328 Unversité ď, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France;
- COSMACTIFS, Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, CEDEX 2, 4506 Orléans, France
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.U.); (M.A.U.); (H.J.); (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang J, Hu R, Sreedasyam A, Garcia TM, Lipzen A, Wang M, Yerramsetty P, Liu D, Ng V, Schmutz J, Cushman JC, Borland AM, Pasha A, Provart NJ, Chen JG, Muchero W, Tuskan GA, Yang X. Light-responsive expression atlas reveals the effects of light quality and intensity in Kalanchoë fedtschenkoi, a plant with crassulacean acid metabolism. Gigascience 2020; 9:giaa018. [PMID: 32135007 PMCID: PMC7058158 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), a specialized mode of photosynthesis, enables plant adaptation to water-limited environments and improves photosynthetic efficiency via an inorganic carbon-concentrating mechanism. Kalanchoë fedtschenkoi is an obligate CAM model featuring a relatively small genome and easy stable transformation. However, the molecular responses to light quality and intensity in CAM plants remain understudied. RESULTS Here we present a genome-wide expression atlas of K. fedtschenkoi plants grown under 12 h/12 h photoperiod with different light quality (blue, red, far-red, white light) and intensity (0, 150, 440, and 1,000 μmol m-2 s-1) based on RNA sequencing performed for mature leaf samples collected at dawn (2 h before the light period) and dusk (2 h before the dark period). An eFP web browser was created for easy access of the gene expression data. Based on the expression atlas, we constructed a light-responsive co-expression network to reveal the potential regulatory relationships in K. fedtschenkoi. Measurements of leaf titratable acidity, soluble sugar, and starch turnover provided metabolic indicators of the magnitude of CAM under the different light treatments and were used to provide biological context for the expression dataset. Furthermore, CAM-related subnetworks were highlighted to showcase genes relevant to CAM pathway, circadian clock, and stomatal movement. In comparison with white light, monochrome blue/red/far-red light treatments repressed the expression of several CAM-related genes at dusk, along with a major reduction in acid accumulation. Increasing light intensity from an intermediate level (440 μmol m-2 s-1) of white light to a high light treatment (1,000 μmol m-2 s-1) increased expression of several genes involved in dark CO2 fixation and malate transport at dawn, along with an increase in organic acid accumulation. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a useful genomics resource for investigating the molecular mechanism underlying the light regulation of physiology and metabolism in CAM plants. Our results support the hypothesis that both light intensity and light quality can modulate the CAM pathway through regulation of CAM-related genes in K. fedtschenkoi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Rongbin Hu
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Avinash Sreedasyam
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL 35801, USA
| | - Travis M Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Anna Lipzen
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Pradeep Yerramsetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Degao Liu
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Vivian Ng
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL 35801, USA
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - John C Cushman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Anne M Borland
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Asher Pasha
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St #4038, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Provart
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St #4038, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Jin-Gui Chen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Wellington Muchero
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Gerald A Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yamashita H, Kambe Y, Ohshio M, Kunihiro A, Tanaka Y, Suzuki T, Nakamura Y, Morita A, Ikka T. Integrated Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Etiolation-Induced Metabolic Changes Leading to High Amino Acid Contents in a Light-Sensitive Japanese Albino Tea Cultivar. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:611140. [PMID: 33537046 PMCID: PMC7847902 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.611140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant albinism causes the etiolation of leaves because of factors such as deficiency of chloroplasts or chlorophylls. In general, albino tea leaves accumulate higher free amino acid (FAA) contents than do conventional green tea leaves. To explore the metabolic changes of etiolated leaves (EL) in the light-sensitive Japanese albino tea cultivar "Koganemidori," we performed integrated metabolome and transcriptome analyses by comparing EL with green leaves induced by bud-sport mutation (BM) or shading treatments (S-EL). Comparative omics analyses indicated that etiolation-induced molecular responses were independent of the light environment and were largely influenced by the etiolation itself. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment and pathway analyses revealed the downregulation of genes involved in chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis and upregulation of protein degradation-related pathways, such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy in EL. Metabolome analysis showed that most quantified FAAs in EL were highly accumulated compared with those in BM and S-EL. Genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, nitrogen assimilation, and the urea cycle, including the drastically downregulated Arginase-1 homolog, which functions in nitrogen excretion for recycling, showed lower expression levels in EL. The high FAA contents in EL might result from the increased FAA pool and nitrogen source contributed by protein degradation, low N consumption, and stagnation of the urea cycle rather than through enhanced amino acid biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Yamashita
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuka Kambe
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Megumi Ohshio
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Aya Kunihiro
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuno Tanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Suzuki
- Tea Research Center, Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoriyuki Nakamura
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Science, Tea Science Center, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akio Morita
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
- Institute for Tea Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
- Institute for Tea Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takashi Ikka,
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Falcioni R, Moriwaki T, Perez-Llorca M, Munné-Bosch S, Gibin MS, Sato F, Pelozo A, Pattaro MC, Giacomelli ME, Rüggeberg M, Antunes WC. Cell wall structure and composition is affected by light quality in tomato seedlings. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 203:111745. [PMID: 31931381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Light affects many aspects of cell development. Tomato seedlings growing at different light qualities (white, blue, green, red, far-red) and in the dark displayed alterations in cell wall structure and composition. A strong and negative correlation was found between cell wall thickness and hypocotyl growth. Cell walls was thicker under blue and white lights and thinner under far-red light and in the dark, while intermediate values was observed for red or green lights. Additionally, the inside layer surface of cell wall presented random deposited microfibrillae angles under far-red light and in the dark. However, longitudinal transmission electron microscopy indicates a high frequency of microfibrils close to parallels related to the elongation axis in the outer layer. This was confirmed by ultra-high resolution small angle X-ray scattering. These data suggest that cellulose microfibrils would be passively reoriented in the longitudinal direction. As the cell expands, the most recently deposited layers (inside) behave differentially oriented compared to older (outer) layers in the dark or under FR lights, agreeing with the multinet growth hypothesis. High Ca and pectin levels were found in the cell wall of seedlings growing under blue and white light, also contributing to the low extensibility of the cell wall. Low Ca and pectin contents were found in the dark and under far-red light. Auxins marginally stimulated growth in thin cell wall circumstances. Hypocotyl growth was stimulated by gibberellins under blue light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renan Falcioni
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thaise Moriwaki
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marina Perez-Llorca
- Antiox Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Antiox Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariana Sversut Gibin
- Optical Spectroscopy and Thermophysical Properties Research Group, Department of Physics, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Francielle Sato
- Optical Spectroscopy and Thermophysical Properties Research Group, Department of Physics, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Andressa Pelozo
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Plant Anatomy Laboratory, Department of Biology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mariana Carmona Pattaro
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marina Ellen Giacomelli
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Markus Rüggeberg
- Wood Material Science, Institute for Building Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Schafmattstrasse 6, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Werner Camargos Antunes
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kyriacou MC, El-Nakhel C, Pannico A, Graziani G, Soteriou GA, Giordano M, Zarrelli A, Ritieni A, De Pascale S, Rouphael Y. Genotype-Specific Modulatory Effects of Select Spectral Bandwidths on the Nutritive and Phytochemical Composition of Microgreens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1501. [PMID: 31850015 PMCID: PMC6896982 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Advanced analytical data on microgreens' response to different light spectra constitutes a valuable resource for designing future crop-specific spectral management systems. The current study defined variation in productivity, nutritive and functional quality (mineral-carotenoid-polyphenolic profiles and antioxidant capacity) of novel microgreens (amaranth, cress, mizuna, purslane) in response to select spectral bandwidths (red, blue, blue-red), and appraised clustering patterns configured by the genotype-light-spectrum nexus. Growth parameters dependent on primary metabolism were most favored by blue-red light's efficiency in activating the photosynthetic apparatus. Nitrate accumulation was higher under monochromatic light owing to the dependency of nitrite reductase on the light-driven activity of PSI, most efficiently promoted by blue-red light. Although mineral composition was mostly genotype-dependent, monochromatic red and blue lights tended to increase K and Na and decrease Ca and Mg concentrations. Lutein, β-carotene, and lipophilic antioxidant capacity were generally increased by blue-red light putatively due to the coupling of heightened photosynthetic activity to increased demand for protection against oxidative stress; the disparate response however of purslane highlights the importance of genotype specificity in these responses and calls for additional investigation. Analysis of polyphenols by Orbitrap LC-MS/MS revealed substantial genotypic differences. Most abundant phenolics were chlorogenic acid (x ¯ = 5503 µg g-1 dw), feruloylquinic acid (x ¯ = 974.1 µg g-1 dw), and caffeoyl feruloyl tartaric acid (x ¯ = 993 µg g-1 dw). Hydroxycinnamic acids accounted for 79.0% of the mean total phenolic content across species, flavonol glycosides for 20.7%, and flavone glycosides for 0.3%. The general response across species was a decrease in individual polyphenolic constituents, particularly flavonol glycosides, and total polyphenols under blue-red light. The pronounced effectiveness of monochromatic blue light in eliciting synthesis of flavonoids could be linked to their capacity for absorbing shorter wavelengths thereby quenching generated photo-oxidation potential. The light-induced stimulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway by monochromatic blue light through epigenetic mechanisms or redox signaling in the photosynthetic apparatus warrants further investigation. The current work highlights how optimized genetic background combined with effective light management might facilitate the production of superior functional quality microgreens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marios C. Kyriacou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christophe El-Nakhel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Antonio Pannico
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maria Giordano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Armando Zarrelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Viršilė A, Brazaitytė A, Vaštakaitė-Kairienė V, Miliauskienė J, Jankauskienė J, Novičkovas A, Samuolienė G. Lighting intensity and photoperiod serves tailoring nitrate assimilation indices in red and green baby leaf lettuce. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:6608-6619. [PMID: 31347167 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding plant responses to light quantity in indoor horticultural systems is important for optimising lettuce growth and metabolism as well as energy utilisation efficiency. Light intensity and photoperiod sufficient for normal plant growth parameters might be not efficient for nitrate assimilation. Therefore, this study explored and compared the effects of different light intensities (100-500 μmol m-2 s-1 ) and photoperiods (12-24 h) on the growth and nitrate assimilation in red and green leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). RESULTS For efficient nitrate assimilation, 300-400 μmol m-2 s-1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and 16-18 h photoperiod is necessary for red and green lettuces. The insufficient light quantity resulted in reduced growth and remarkable increase in nitrate and nitrite contents in both cultivars. Short photoperiods, similarly to low PPFD, growth parameters, chlorophyll indices and nitrate assimilation indices showed the shortage of photosynthetic products for normal plant physiological processes. Short photoperiods had the least pronounced effect on nitrate and nitrite contents in lettuce leaves. CONCLUSION Light intensity was superior compared to photoperiods for efficient nitrate assimilation in both lettuce cultivars. Under short photoperiods, similarly to low intensity, growth parameters, chlorophyll index and nitrate assimilation indices showed a shortage of photosynthetic products for normal physiological processes. The free amino acid concentration increased, but it was not efficiently incorporated in proteins, as their level in lettuce was lower compared to those for moderate photoperiods. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akvilė Viršilė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aušra Brazaitytė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Jurga Miliauskienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Julė Jankauskienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Novičkovas
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Giedrė Samuolienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kaunas, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Boonsnongcheep P, Sae-Foo W, Banpakoat K, Channarong S, Chitsaithan S, Uafua P, Putha W, Kerdsiri K, Putalun W. Artificial color light sources and precursor feeding enhance plumbagin production of the carnivorous plants Drosera burmannii and Drosera indica. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 199:111628. [PMID: 31610432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Plumbagin is the main pharmacologically active compound of carnivorous plants in the genera Drosera. It possesses various pharmacological activities, including anticancer and antimalarial activities, and is used in traditional medicine. In this study, we reported a sustainable production system of plumbagin by adding sodium acetate and L-alanine as precursors to in vitro cultures of Drosera burmannii Vahl and Drosera indica L. In addition, plumbagin production was reported in the cultures subjected to different color LED lights. The highest plumbagin level (aerial part 14.625 ± 1.007 mg·g-1 DW and root part 1.806 ± 0.258 mg·g-1 DW) was observed in D. indica cultured under blue LED light for 14 days, and further culturing did not increase plumbagin production. In addition, plumbagin enhancement by precursor feeding (9.850 ± 0.250 mg·g-1 DW, 1.2-fold) was observed in the aerial part of D. indica treated with 50 mg·L-1 sodium acetate for 3 days. Comparing both plants, up to 700-fold higher plumbagin was observed in D. indica than in D. burmannii. Moreover, in both plants, the aerial part accumulated higher plumbagin (up to 10-fold) than the roots. This is the first report on the effect of artificial LED lights on the plumbagin level of Dorsera plants. The culturing of D. indica under blue LED light showed enhanced plumbagin levels and suggests a fast and simple system for the in vitro production of plumbagin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panitch Boonsnongcheep
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), National Research University, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Worapol Sae-Foo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kanpawee Banpakoat
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Suwaphat Channarong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sukanda Chitsaithan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pornpimon Uafua
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wattika Putha
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kanchanok Kerdsiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Putalun
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), National Research University, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rodríguez-González V, Terashima C, Fujishima A. Applications of photocatalytic titanium dioxide-based nanomaterials in sustainable agriculture. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
44
|
Rouphael Y, Petropoulos SA, El-Nakhel C, Pannico A, Kyriacou MC, Giordano M, Troise AD, Vitaglione P, De Pascale S. Reducing Energy Requirements in Future Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSSs): Performance and Bioactive Composition of Diverse Lettuce Genotypes Grown Under Optimal and Suboptimal Light Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1305. [PMID: 31736990 PMCID: PMC6831738 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Space farming for fresh food production is essential for sustaining long-duration space missions and supporting human life in space colonies. However, several obstacles need to be overcome including abnormal light conditions and energy limitations in maintaining Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSSs). The aim of the present study was to evaluate six lettuce cultivars (baby Romaine, green Salanova, Lollo verde, Lollo rossa, red oak leaf and red Salanova) of different types and pigmentations under optimal and suboptimal light intensity and to identify the most promising candidates for BLSSs. Baby Romaine performed better than the rest of the tested cultivars under suboptimal light intensity, demonstrating a more efficient light-harvesting mechanism. Stomatal resistance increased under suboptimal light conditions, especially in the case of Lollo verde and red oak leaf cultivars, indicating stress conditions, whereas intrinsic water-use efficiency was the highest in baby Romaine and red oak leaf cultivars regardless of light regime. Nitrate content increased under suboptimal light intensity, especially in the cultivars green Salanova and Lollo verde, while P and Ca accumulation trends were also observed in baby Romaine and Lollo verde cultivars, respectively. Chicoric acid was the major detected phenolic acid in the hydroxycinnamic derivatives sub-class, followed by chlorogenic, caffeoyl-tartaric and caffeoyl-meso-tartaric acids. Chicoric and total hydroxycinnamic acids were not affected by light intensity, whereas the rest of the detected phenolic compounds showed a varied response to light intensity. Regarding cultivar response, red oak leaf exhibited the highest content in chicoric acid and total hydroxycinnamic acids content under suboptimal light intensity, whereas red Salanova exhibited the highest hydroxycinnamic derivatives profile under optimal light conditions. The main detected carotenoids were β-cryptoxanthin and violaxanthin+neoxanthin, followed by lutein and β-carotene. All the target carotenoids decreased significantly under low light intensity, while red Salanova maintained a distinct carotenoids profile. Overall, cultivation of assorted lettuce cultivars is the optimal scenario for space farming, where baby Romaine could provide adequate amounts of fresh biomass owing to its high light-use efficiency while red oak leaf and red Salanova could contribute to the daily dietary requirements for health-promoting bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and carotenoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
- *Correspondence: Youssef Rouphael, ; Stefania De Pascale,
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Christophe El-Nakhel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Antonio Pannico
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Marios C. Kyriacou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Giordano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Antonio Dario Troise
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Paola Vitaglione
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
- *Correspondence: Youssef Rouphael, ; Stefania De Pascale,
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fukushima A, Hikosaka S, Kobayashi M, Nishizawa T, Saito K, Goto E, Kusano M. A Systems Analysis With "Simplified Source-Sink Model" Reveals Metabolic Reprogramming in a Pair of Source-to-Sink Organs During Early Fruit Development in Tomato by LED Light Treatments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1439. [PMID: 30364178 PMCID: PMC6191670 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a model crop for studying development regulation and ripening in flesh fruits and vegetables. Supplementary light to maintain the optimal light environment can lead to the stable growth of tomatoes in greenhouses and areas without sufficient daily light integral. Technological advances in genome-wide molecular phenotyping have dramatically enhanced our understanding of metabolic shifts in the plant metabolism across tomato fruit development. However, comprehensive metabolic and transcriptional behaviors along the developmental process under supplementary light provided by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) remain to be fully elucidated. We present integrative omic approaches to identify the impact on the metabolism of a single tomato plant leaf exposed to monochromatic red LEDs of different intensities during the fruit development stage. Our special light delivery system, the "simplified source-sink model," involves the exposure of a single leaf below the second truss to red LED light of different intensities. We evaluated fruit-size- and fruit-shape variations elicited by different light intensities. Our findings suggest that more than high-light treatment (500 μmol m-2 s-1) with the red LED light is required to accelerate fruit growth for 2 weeks after anthesis. To investigate transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in leaf- and fruit samples we used microarray-, RNA sequencing-, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. We found that metabolic shifts in the carbohydrate metabolism and in several key pathways contributed to fruit development, including ripening and cell-wall modification. Our findings suggest that the proposed workflow aids in the identification of key metabolites in the central metabolism that respond to monochromatic red-LED treatment and contribute to increase the fruit size of tomato plants. This study expands our understanding of systems-level responses mediated by low-, appropriate-, and high levels of red light irradiation in the fruit growth of tomato plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shoko Hikosaka
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eiji Goto
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Miyako Kusano
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tamura Y, Mori T, Nakabayashi R, Kobayashi M, Saito K, Okazaki S, Wang N, Kusano M. Metabolomic Evaluation of the Quality of Leaf Lettuce Grown in Practical Plant Factory to Capture Metabolite Signature. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:665. [PMID: 29997631 PMCID: PMC6030546 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables produce metabolites that affect their taste and nutritional value and compounds that contribute to human health. The quality of vegetables grown in plant factories under hydroponic cultivation, e.g., their sweetness and softness, can be improved by controlling growth factors including the temperature, humidity, light source, and fertilizer. However, soil is cheaper than hydroponic cultivation and the visual phenotype of vegetables grown under the two conditions is different. As it is not clear whether their metabolite composition is also different, we studied leaf lettuce raised under the hydroponic condition in practical plant factory and strictly controlled soil condition. We chose two representative cultivars, "black rose" (BR) and "red fire" (RF) because they are of high economic value. Metabolite profiling by comprehensive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) resulted in the annotation of 101 metabolites from 223 peaks detected by GC-MS; LC-MS yielded 95 peaks. The principal component analysis (PCA) scatter plot showed that the most distinct separation patterns on the first principal component (PC1) coincided with differences in the cultivation methods. There were no clear separations related to cultivar differences in the plot. PC1 loading revealed the discriminant metabolites for each cultivation method. The level of amino acids such as lysine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and valine was significantly increased in hydroponically grown leaf lettuce, while soil-cultivation derived leaf lettuce samples contained significantly higher levels of fatty-acid derived alcohols (tetracosanol and hexacosanol) and lettuce-specific sesquiterpene lactones (lactucopicrin-15-oxalate and 15-deoxylactucin-8-sulfate). These findings suggest that the metabolite composition of leaf lettuce is primarily affected by its cultivation condition. As the discriminant metabolites reveal important factors that contribute to the nutritional value and taste characteristics of leaf lettuce, we performed comprehensive metabolite profiling to identify metabolite compositions, i.e., metabolite signature, that directly improve its quality and value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Tamura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Central Research Institute for Feed and Livestock, National Federation of Agricultural Co-operative Associations, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakabayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Seiichi Okazaki
- Keystone Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ning Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Miyako Kusano
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Miyako Kusano,
| |
Collapse
|