1
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Lorca-Cámara A, Blot FGC, Accanto N. Recent advances in light patterned optogenetic photostimulation in freely moving mice. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:S11508. [PMID: 38404422 PMCID: PMC10885521 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.s1.s11508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Optogenetics opened the door to a new era of neuroscience. New optical developments are under way to enable high-resolution neuronal activity imaging and selective photostimulation of neuronal ensembles in freely moving animals. These advancements could allow researchers to interrogate, with cellular precision, functionally relevant neuronal circuits in the framework of naturalistic brain activity. We provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art of imaging and photostimulation in freely moving rodents and present a road map for future optical and engineering developments toward miniaturized microscopes that could reach beyond the currently existing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - François G C Blot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Nicolò Accanto
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
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2
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Uhlířová H, Stibůrek M, Pikálek T, Gomes A, Turtaev S, Kolbábková P, Čižmár T. "There's plenty of room at the bottom": deep brain imaging with holographic endo-microscopy. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:S11504. [PMID: 38250297 PMCID: PMC10798506 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.s1.s11504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Significance Over more than 300 years, microscopic imaging keeps providing fundamental insights into the mechanisms of living organisms. Seeing microscopic structures beyond the reach of free-space light-based microscopy, however, requires dissection of the tissue-an intervention seriously disturbing its physiological functions. The hunt for low-invasiveness tools has led a growing community of physicists and engineers into the realm of complex media photonics. One of its activities represents exploiting multimode optical fibers (MMFs) as ultra-thin endoscopic probes. Employing wavefront shaping, these tools only recently facilitated the first peeks at cells and their sub-cellular compartments at the bottom of the mouse brain with the impact of micro-scale tissue damage. Aim Here, we aim to highlight advances in MMF-based holographic endo-microscopy facilitating microscopic imaging throughout the whole depth of the mouse brain. Approach We summarize the important technical and methodological prerequisites for stabile high-resolution imaging in vivo. Results We showcase images of the microscopic building blocks of brain tissue, including neurons, neuronal processes, vessels, intracellular calcium signaling, and red blood cell velocity in individual vessels. Conclusions This perspective article helps to understand the complexity behind the technology of holographic endo-microscopy, summarizes its recent advances and challenges, and stimulates the mind of the reader for further exploitation of this tool in the neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Uhlířová
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Stibůrek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Pikálek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - André Gomes
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Petra Kolbábková
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Čižmár
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Applied Optics, Jena, Germany
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3
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Bao Y, Gong Y. Accurate neuron segmentation method for one-photon calcium imaging videos combining convolutional neural networks and clustering. Commun Biol 2024; 7:970. [PMID: 39122882 PMCID: PMC11316101 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
One-photon fluorescent calcium imaging helps understand brain functions by recording large-scale neural activities in freely moving animals. Automatic, fast, and accurate active neuron segmentation algorithms are essential to extract and interpret information from these videos. One-photon imaging videos' low resolution, high noise, and high background fluctuation pose significant challenges. Here, we develop a software pipeline to address the challenges of processing one-photon calcium imaging videos. We extend our previous two-photon active neuron segmentation algorithm, Shallow U-Net Neuron Segmentation (SUNS), to better suppress background fluctuations in one-photon videos. We also develop additional neuron extraction (ANE) to locate small or dim neurons missed by SUNS. To train our segmentation method, we create ground truth neurons by developing a manual labeling pipeline assisted with semi-automatic refinement. Our method is more accurate and faster than state-of-the-art techniques when processing simulated videos and multiple experimental datasets acquired over various brain regions with different imaging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Bao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China.
| | - Yiyang Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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4
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Gilinsky SD, Jung DN, Futia GL, Zohrabi M, Welton TA, Supekar OD, Gibson EA, Restrepo D, Bright VM, Gopinath JT. Tunable liquid lens for three-photon excitation microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:3285-3300. [PMID: 38855666 PMCID: PMC11161341 DOI: 10.1364/boe.516956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel electrowetting liquid combination using a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) and a nonpolar liquid, 1-phenyl-1-cyclohexene (PCH) suitable for focus-tunable 3-photon microscopy. We show that both liquids have over 90% transmission at 1300 nm over a 1.1 mm pathlength and an index of refraction contrast of 0.123. A lens using these liquids can be tuned from a contact angle of 133 to 48° with applied voltages of 0 and 60 V, respectively. Finally, a three-photon imaging system including an RTIL electrowetting lens was used to image a mouse brain slice. Axial scans taken with an electrowetting lens show excellent agreement with images acquired using a mechanically scanned objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D. Gilinsky
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Diane N. Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Greg L. Futia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Mo Zohrabi
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Tarah A. Welton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Omkar D. Supekar
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Emily A. Gibson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Diego Restrepo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Victor M. Bright
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Juliet T. Gopinath
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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5
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Lorca-Cámara A, Tourain C, de Sars V, Emiliani V, Accanto N. Multicolor two-photon light-patterning microscope exploiting the spatio-temporal properties of a fiber bundle. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:2094-2109. [PMID: 38633065 PMCID: PMC11019707 DOI: 10.1364/boe.507690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The development of efficient genetically encoded indicators and actuators has opened up the possibility of reading and manipulating neuronal activity in living tissues with light. To achieve precise and reconfigurable targeting of large numbers of neurons with single-cell resolution within arbitrary volumes, different groups have recently developed all-optical strategies based on two-photon excitation and spatio-temporal shaping of ultrashort laser pulses. However, such techniques are often complex to set up and typically operate at a single wavelength only. To address these issues, we have developed a novel optical approach that uses a fiber bundle and a spatial light modulator to achieve simple and dual-color two-photon light patterning in three dimensions. By leveraging the core-to-core temporal delay and the wavelength-independent divergence characteristics of fiber bundles, we have demonstrated the capacity to generate high-resolution excitation spots in a 3D region with two distinct laser wavelengths simultaneously, offering a suitable and simple alternative for precise multicolor cell targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christophe Tourain
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Vincent de Sars
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Valentina Emiliani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Nicolò Accanto
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
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6
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Tabourin L, Bretzner F, Galstian T. Towards a mini-endoscope design with spatially selective excitation and imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:1750-1760. [PMID: 38495724 PMCID: PMC10942686 DOI: 10.1364/boe.512124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
We describe a mini-endoscope design that uses a new type of electrically tunable liquid crystal lens array enabling the dynamic increase of spatial resolution by adjusting the working distance in various zones of interest over a relatively large field of view (FoV) without mechanical movement. The characterization of the system is performed by using uniform fluorescent films, fluorescent micro spheres and a tissue sample expressing the fluorescent calcium indicator GCaMP6s. Lateral resolution of up to 2 µm over the FoV between 300 µm - 400 µm is experimentally demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Tabourin
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Optics, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, CHUL-Neurosciences, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Frédéric Bretzner
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, CHUL-Neurosciences, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Tigran Galstian
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Optics, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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7
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Liu Y, Zhang H, Li X. Technologies for depth scanning in miniature optical imaging systems [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:6542-6562. [PMID: 38420321 PMCID: PMC10898578 DOI: 10.1364/boe.507078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Biomedical optical imaging has found numerous clinical and research applications. For achieving 3D imaging, depth scanning presents the most significant challenge, particularly in miniature imaging devices. This paper reviews the state-of-art technologies for depth scanning in miniature optical imaging systems, which include two general approaches: 1) physically shifting part of or the entire imaging device to allow imaging at different depths and 2) optically changing the focus of the imaging optics. We mainly focus on the second group of methods, introducing a wide variety of tunable microlenses, covering the underlying physics, actuation mechanisms, and imaging performance. Representative applications in clinical and neuroscience research are briefly presented. Major challenges and future perspectives of depth/focus scanning technologies for biomedical optical imaging are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehan Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Haolin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Xingde Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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8
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Guo X, Li X, Wang X, Li M, Dai X, Kong L, Hao Q, Zhao J, Huang Y, Sun L. Wearable optical coherence tomography angiography probe for freely moving mice. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:6509-6520. [PMID: 38420312 PMCID: PMC10898568 DOI: 10.1364/boe.506513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging optical imaging technology that holds great potential in medical and biological applications. Apart from its conventional ophthalmic uses, it has found extensive applications in studying various brain activities and disorders in anesthetized/restricted rodents, with a particular focus on visualizing brain blood vessel morphology and function. However, developing a compact wearable OCT probe for studying the brain activity/disorders in freely moving rodents is challenging due to the requirements for stability and lightweight design. Here, we report a robust wearable OCT probe, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first wearable OCT angiography probe capable of long-term monitoring of mouse brain blood flow. This wearable imaging probe has a maximum scanning speed of 76 kHz, with a 12 µm axial resolution, 5.5 µm lateral resolution, and a large field of view (FOV) of 4 mm × 4 mm. It offers easy assembly and stable imaging, enabling it to capture brain vessels in freely moving rodents. We tested this probe to monitor cerebral hemodynamics for up to 4 hours during the acute ischemic phase after photothrombotic stroke in mice, highlighting the reliability and long-term stability of our probe. This work contributes to the advancement of wearable biomedical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mingxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaochuan Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lingjie Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qun Hao
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liqun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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Lorca-Cámara A, Blot FGC, Accanto N, Emiliani V. [A two-photon fiberscope for imaging and optogenetic photostimulation of neurons in freely moving mice]. Med Sci (Paris) 2023; 39:815-819. [PMID: 38018920 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lorca-Cámara
- Groupe d'ingénierie du front d'onde appliquée à la microscopie, Sorbonne université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de la vision, Paris, France
| | - François G C Blot
- Groupe d'ingénierie du front d'onde appliquée à la microscopie, Sorbonne université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de la vision, Paris, France
| | - Nicolò Accanto
- Groupe d'ingénierie du front d'onde appliquée à la microscopie, Sorbonne université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de la vision, Paris, France
| | - Valentina Emiliani
- Groupe d'ingénierie du front d'onde appliquée à la microscopie, Sorbonne université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de la vision, Paris, France
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10
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Pribošek J, Bainschab M, Sasaki T. Varifocal MEMS mirrors for high-speed axial focus scanning: a review. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:135. [PMID: 37900975 PMCID: PMC10603115 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances brought the performance of MEMS-based varifocal mirrors to levels comparable to conventional ultra-high-speed focusing devices. Varifocal mirrors are becoming capable of high axial resolution exceeding 300 resolvable planes, can achieve microsecond response times, continuous operation above several hundred kHz, and can be designed to combine focusing with lateral steering in a single-chip device. This survey summarizes the past 50 years of scientific progress in varifocal MEMS mirrors, providing the most comprehensive study in this field to date. We introduce a novel figure of merit for varifocal mirrors on the basis of which we evaluate and compare nearly all reported devices from the literature. At the forefront of this review is the analysis of the advantages and shortcomings of various actuation technologies, as well as a systematic study of methods reported to enhance the focusing performance in terms of speed, resolution, and shape fidelity. We believe this analysis will fuel the future technological development of next-generation varifocal mirrors reaching the axial resolution of 1000 resolvable planes.
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11
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Klioutchnikov A, Kerr JND. Chasing cortical behavior: designing multiphoton microscopes for imaging neuronal populations in freely moving rodents. NEUROPHOTONICS 2023; 10:044411. [PMID: 37886044 PMCID: PMC10599648 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.10.4.044411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Imaging in the freely moving animal gives unparalleled access to circuit activity as the animal interacts with its environment in a self-guided way. Over the past few years, new imaging technologies have enabled the interrogation of neuronal populations located at any depth of the cortex in freely moving mice while preserving the animal's behavioral repertoire. This commentary gives an updated overview of the recent advances that have enabled the link between behavior and the underlying neuronal activity to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Klioutchnikov
- Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior, Department of Behavior and Brain Organization, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jason N. D. Kerr
- Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior, Department of Behavior and Brain Organization, Bonn, Germany
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12
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Wang C, Chen Q, Liu H, Wu R, Jiang X, Fu Q, Zhao Z, Zhao Y, Gao Y, Yu B, Jiao H, Wang A, Xiao S, Feng L. Miniature Two-Photon Microscopic Imaging Using Dielectric Metalens. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8256-8263. [PMID: 37651617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Miniature two-photon microscopy has emerged as a powerful technique for investigating brain activity in freely moving animals. Ongoing research objectives include reducing probe weight and minimizing animal behavior constraints caused by probe attachment. Employing dielectric metalenses, which enable the use of sizable optical components in flat device structures while maintaining imaging resolution, is a promising solution for addressing these challenges. In this study, we designed and fabricated a titanium dioxide metalens with a wavelength of 920 nm and a high aspect ratio. Furthermore, a meta-optic two-photon microscope weighing 1.36 g was developed. This meta-optic probe has a lateral resolution of 0.92 μm and an axial resolution of 18.08 μm. Experimentally, two-photon imaging of mouse brain structures in vivo was also demonstrated. The flat dielectric metalens technique holds promising opportunities for high-performance integrated miniature nonlinear microscopy and endomicroscopy platforms in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghao Wang
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qinmiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huilan Liu
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology (Ministry of Education), Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Runlong Wu
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Beijing Transcend Vivoscope Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Beijing Transcend Vivoscope Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuqian Gao
- Beijing Transcend Vivoscope Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bosong Yu
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongchen Jiao
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication System and Networks, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shumin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lishuang Feng
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology (Ministry of Education), Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Materials and Chip Integration Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Innovation Institute of Beihang University, Hangzhou 310063, China
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13
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Li J, Wu X, Fu Y, Nie H, Tang Z. Two-photon microscopy: application advantages and latest progress for in vivo imaging of neurons and blood vessels after ischemic stroke. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:559-572. [PMID: 36719181 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon microscopy (TPM) plays an important role in the study of the changes of the two important components of neurovascular units (NVU) - neurons and blood vessels after ischemic stroke (IS). IS refers to sudden neurological dysfunction caused by focal cerebral ischemia, which is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. TPM is a new and rapidly developing high-resolution real-time imaging technique used in vivo that has attracted increasing attention from scientists in the neuroscience field. Neurons and blood vessels are important components of neurovascular units, and they undergo great changes after IS to respond to and compensate for ischemic injury. Here, we introduce the characteristics and pre-imaging preparations of TPM, and review the common methods and latest progress of TPM in the neuronal and vascular research for injury and recovery of IS in recent years. With the review, we clearly recognized that the most important advantage of TPM in the study of ischemic stroke is the ability to perform chronic longitudinal imaging of different tissues at a high resolution in vivo. Finally, we discuss the limitations of TPM and the technological advances in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Hao Nie
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zhouping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
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14
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Kim D, Gan Y, Nedergaard M, Kelley DH, Tithof J. Image Analysis Techniques for In Vivo Quantification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.20.549937. [PMID: 37546970 PMCID: PMC10401935 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.20.549937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been a tremendously increased interest in understanding the neurophysiology of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, which plays a crucial role in clearing metabolic waste from the brain. This growing interest was largely initiated by two significant discoveries: the glymphatic system (a pathway for solute exchange between interstitial fluid deep within the brain and the CSF surrounding the brain) and meningeal lymphatic vessels (lymphatic vessels in the layer of tissue surrounding the brain that drain CSF). These two CSF systems work in unison, and their disruption has been implicated in several neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease, stoke, and traumatic brain injury. Here, we present experimental techniques for in vivo quantification of CSF flow via direct imaging of fluorescent microspheres injected into the CSF. We discuss detailed image processing methods, including registration and masking of stagnant particles, to improve the quality of measurements. We provide guidance for quantifying CSF flow through particle tracking and offer tips for optimizing the process. Additionally, we describe techniques for measuring changes in arterial diameter, which is an hypothesized CSF pumping mechanism. Finally, we outline how these same techniques can be applied to cervical lymphatic vessels, which collect fluid downstream from meningeal lymphatic vessels. We anticipate that these fluid mechanical techniques will prove valuable for future quantitative studies aimed at understanding mechanisms of CSF transport and disruption, as well as for other complex biophysical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehyun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Yiming Gan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Hopeman Engineering Bldg, Rochester, NY, 14627, United States
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States
| | - Douglas H. Kelley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Hopeman Engineering Bldg, Rochester, NY, 14627, United States
| | - Jeffrey Tithof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
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15
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Brunert D, Quintela RM, Rothermel M. The anterior olfactory nucleus revisited - an emerging role for neuropathological conditions? Prog Neurobiol 2023:102486. [PMID: 37343762 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Olfaction is an important sensory modality for many species and greatly influences animal and human behavior. Still, much about olfactory perception remains unknown. The anterior olfactory nucleus is one of the brain's central early olfactory processing areas. Located directly posterior to the olfactory bulb in the olfactory peduncle with extensive in- and output connections and unique cellular composition, it connects olfactory processing centers of the left and right hemispheres. Almost 20 years have passed since the last comprehensive review on the anterior olfactory nucleus has been published and significant advances regarding its anatomy, function, and pathophysiology have been made in the meantime. Here we briefly summarize previous knowledge on the anterior olfactory nucleus, give detailed insights into the progress that has been made in recent years, and map out its emerging importance in translational research of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Brunert
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Markus Rothermel
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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16
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Arús BA, Cosco ED, Yiu J, Balba I, Bischof TS, Sletten EM, Bruns OT. Shortwave infrared fluorescence imaging of peripheral organs in awake and freely moving mice. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1135494. [PMID: 37274204 PMCID: PMC10232761 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1135494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracting biological information from awake and unrestrained mice is imperative to in vivo basic and pre-clinical research. Accordingly, imaging methods which preclude invasiveness, anesthesia, and/or physical restraint enable more physiologically relevant biological data extraction by eliminating these extrinsic confounders. In this article, we discuss the recent development of shortwave infrared (SWIR) fluorescent imaging to visualize peripheral organs in freely-behaving mice, as well as propose potential applications of this imaging modality in the neurosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo A. Arús
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany
- Medizinische Fakultät and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Emily D. Cosco
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joycelyn Yiu
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ilaria Balba
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas S. Bischof
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany
- Medizinische Fakultät and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Ellen M. Sletten
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Oliver T. Bruns
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany
- Medizinische Fakultät and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
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17
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Miscles EJ, Lim WY, Supekar OD, Zohrabi M, Gopinath JT, Bright VM. Axisymmetrical resonance modes in an electrowetting optical lens. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2023; 122:201106. [PMID: 37214761 PMCID: PMC10195114 DOI: 10.1063/5.0141787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Electrowetting-based adaptive optics are of great interest for applications ranging from confocal microscopy to LIDAR, but the impact of low-frequency mechanical vibration on these devices remains to be studied. We present a simple theoretical model for predicting the resonance modes induced on the liquid interface in conjunction with a numerical simulation. We experimentally confirm the resonance frequencies by contact angle modulation. They are found to be in excellent agreement with the roots of the zero-order Bessel functions of the first kind. Next, we experimentally verify that external axial vibration of an electrowetting lens filled with density mismatched liquids (Δρ = 250 kg/m3) will exhibit observable Bessel modes on the liquid-liquid interface. An electrowetting lens filled with density matched liquids (Δρ = 4 kg/m3) is robust to external axial vibration and is shown to be useful in mitigating the effect of vibrations in an optical system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J. Miscles
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Wei Yang Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | | | - Mo Zohrabi
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | | | - Victor M. Bright
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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18
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Arús BA, Cosco ED, Yiu J, Balba I, Bischof TS, Sletten EM, Bruns OT. Shortwave infrared (SWIR) fluorescence imaging of peripheral organs in awake and freely moving mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.26.538387. [PMID: 37163051 PMCID: PMC10168299 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.26.538387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Extracting biological information from awake and unrestrained mice is imperative to in vivo basic and pre-clinical research. Accordingly, imaging methods which preclude invasiveness, anesthesia, and/or physical restraint enable more physiologically relevant biological data extraction by eliminating these extrinsic confounders. In this article we discuss the recent development of shortwave infrared (SWIR) fluorescent imaging to visualize peripheral organs in freely-behaving mice, as well as propose potential applications of this imaging modality in the neurosciences.
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19
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Klioutchnikov A, Wallace DJ, Sawinski J, Voit KM, Groemping Y, Kerr JND. A three-photon head-mounted microscope for imaging all layers of visual cortex in freely moving mice. Nat Methods 2023; 20:610-616. [PMID: 36443485 PMCID: PMC10089923 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01688-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Advances in head-mounted microscopes have enabled imaging of neuronal activity using genetic tools in freely moving mice but these microscopes are restricted to recording in minimally lit arenas and imaging upper cortical layers. Here we built a 2-g, three-photon excitation-based microscope, containing a z-drive that enabled access to all cortical layers while mice freely behaved in a fully lit environment. The microscope had on-board photon detectors, robust to environmental light, and the arena lighting was timed to the end of each line-scan, enabling functional imaging of activity from cortical layer 4 and layer 6 neurons expressing jGCaMP7f in mice roaming a fully lit or dark arena. By comparing the neuronal activity measured from populations in these layers we show that activity in cortical layer 4 and layer 6 is differentially modulated by lit and dark conditions during free exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Klioutchnikov
- Department of Behavior and Brain Organization, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior-caesar, Bonn, Germany
| | - Damian J Wallace
- Department of Behavior and Brain Organization, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior-caesar, Bonn, Germany
| | - Juergen Sawinski
- Department of Behavior and Brain Organization, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior-caesar, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kay-Michael Voit
- Department of Behavior and Brain Organization, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior-caesar, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yvonne Groemping
- Department of Behavior and Brain Organization, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior-caesar, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jason N D Kerr
- Department of Behavior and Brain Organization, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior-caesar, Bonn, Germany.
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20
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Kang M, Choi W, Choi W, Choi Y. Fourier holographic endoscopy for imaging continuously moving objects. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:11705-11716. [PMID: 37155799 DOI: 10.1364/oe.482923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Coherent fiber bundles are widely used for endoscopy, but conventional approaches require distal optics to form an object image and acquire pixelated information owing to the geometry of the fiber cores. Recently, holographic recording of a reflection matrix enables a bare fiber bundle to perform pixelation-free microscopic imaging as well as allows a flexible mode operation, because the random core-to-core phase retardations due to any fiber bending and twisting could be removed in situ from the recorded matrix. Despite its flexibility, the method is not suitable for a moving object because the fiber probe should remain stationary during the matrix recording to avoid the alteration of the phase retardations. Here, we acquire a reflection matrix of a Fourier holographic endoscope equipped with a fiber bundle and explore the effect of fiber bending on the recorded matrix. By removing the motion effect, we develop a method that can resolve the perturbation of the reflection matrix caused by a continuously moving fiber bundle. Thus, we demonstrate high-resolution endoscopic imaging through a fiber bundle, even when the fiber probe changes its shape along with the moving objects. The proposed method can be used for minimally invasive monitoring of behaving animals.
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21
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Yu X, Zhou L, Qi T, Zhao H, Xie H. MEMS Enabled Miniature Two-Photon Microscopy for Biomedical Imaging. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:470. [PMID: 36838170 PMCID: PMC9958604 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, two-photon microscopy (TPM) has been the technique of choice for in vivo noninvasive optical brain imaging for neuroscientific study or intra-vital microendoscopic imaging for clinical diagnosis or surgical guidance because of its intrinsic capability of optical sectioning for imaging deeply below the tissue surface with sub-cellular resolution. However, most of these research activities and clinical applications are constrained by the bulky size of traditional TMP systems. An attractive solution is to develop miniaturized TPMs, but this is challenged by the difficulty of the integration of dynamically scanning optical and mechanical components into a small space. Fortunately, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, together with other emerging micro-optics techniques, has offered promising opportunities in enabling miniaturized TPMs. In this paper, the latest advancements in both lateral scan and axial scan techniques and the progress of miniaturized TPM imaging will be reviewed in detail. Miniature TPM probes with lateral 2D scanning mechanisms, including electrostatic, electromagnetic, and electrothermal actuation, are reviewed. Miniature TPM probes with axial scanning mechanisms, such as MEMS microlenses, remote-focus, liquid lenses, and deformable MEMS mirrors, are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Effect of Physical Field and Instrument, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Tingxiang Qi
- BIT Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems, Chongqing 401332, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- BIT Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems, Chongqing 401332, China
- Foshan Lightview Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan 528000, China
| | - Huikai Xie
- BIT Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems, Chongqing 401332, China
- Foshan Lightview Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan 528000, China
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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22
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Wood HAC, Ehrlich K, Yerolatsitis S, Kufcsák A, Quinn TM, Fernandes S, Norberg D, Jenkins NC, Young V, Young I, Hamilton K, Seth S, Akram A, Thomson RR, Finlayson K, Dhaliwal K, Stone JM. Tri-mode optical biopsy probe with fluorescence endomicroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200141. [PMID: 36062395 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present an endoscopic probe that combines three distinct optical fibre technologies including: A high-resolution imaging fibre for optical endomicroscopy, a multimode fibre for time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, and a hollow-core fibre with multimode signal collection cores for Raman spectroscopy. The three fibers are all enclosed within a 1.2 mm diameter clinical grade catheter with a 1.4 mm end cap. To demonstrate the probe's flexibility we provide data acquired with it in loops of radii down to 2 cm. We then use the probe in an anatomically accurate model of adult human airways, showing that it can be navigated to any part of the distal lung using a commercial bronchoscope. Finally, we present data acquired from fresh ex vivo human lung tissue. Our experiments show that this minimally invasive probe can deliver real-time optical biopsies from within the distal lung - simultaneously acquiring co-located high-resolution endomicroscopy and biochemical spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Alexander Charles Wood
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katjana Ehrlich
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), Institute of Photonics and Quantum Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephanos Yerolatsitis
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The College of Optics and Photonics (CREOL), University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - András Kufcsák
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tom Michael Quinn
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susan Fernandes
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dominic Norberg
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nia Caitlin Jenkins
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vikki Young
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Irene Young
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katie Hamilton
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sohan Seth
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ahsan Akram
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert Rodrick Thomson
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), Institute of Photonics and Quantum Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Keith Finlayson
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kevin Dhaliwal
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James Morgan Stone
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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23
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Accanto N, Blot FGC, Lorca-Cámara A, Zampini V, Bui F, Tourain C, Badt N, Katz O, Emiliani V. A flexible two-photon fiberscope for fast activity imaging and precise optogenetic photostimulation of neurons in freely moving mice. Neuron 2023; 111:176-189.e6. [PMID: 36395773 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We developed a flexible two-photon microendoscope (2P-FENDO) capable of all-optical brain investigation at near cellular resolution in freely moving mice. The system performs fast two-photon (2P) functional imaging and 2P holographic photostimulation of single and multiple cells using axially confined extended spots. Proof-of-principle experiments were performed in freely moving mice co-expressing jGCaMP7s and the opsin ChRmine in the visual or barrel cortex. On a field of view of 250 μm in diameter, we demonstrated functional imaging at a frame rate of up to 50 Hz and precise photostimulation of selected groups of cells. With the capability to simultaneously image and control defined neuronal networks in freely moving animals, 2P-FENDO will enable a precise investigation of neuronal functions in the brain during naturalistic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Accanto
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France.
| | - François G C Blot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France
| | | | - Valeria Zampini
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Florence Bui
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Tourain
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Noam Badt
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ori Katz
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Valentina Emiliani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France.
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24
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Jost-Mousseau T, Chalabi M, Shulz DE, Férézou I. Imaging the brain in action: a motorized optical rotary joint for wide field fibroscopy in freely moving animals. NEUROPHOTONICS 2023; 10:015009. [PMID: 36970016 PMCID: PMC10037343 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.10.1.015009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The study of neuronal processes governing behavior in awake behaving mice is constantly boosted by the development of technological strategies, such as miniaturized microscopes and closed-loop virtual reality systems. However, the former limits the quality of recorded signals due to constrains in size and weight and the latter suffers from the restriction of the movement repertoire of the animal, therefore, hardly reproducing the complexity of natural multisensory scenes. AIM Another strategy that takes advantage of both approaches consists of the use of a fiber-bundle interface to carry optical signals from a moving animal to a conventional imaging system. However, as the bundle is usually fixed below the optics, its torsion resulting from rotations of the animal inevitably constrains the behavior over long recordings. Our aim was to overcome this major limitation of fibroscopic imaging. APPROACH We developed a motorized optical rotary joint controlled by an inertial measurement unit at the animal's head. RESULTS We show its principle of operation, demonstrate its efficacy in a locomotion task, and propose several modes of operation for a wide range of experimental designs. CONCLUSIONS Combined with an optical rotary joint, fibroscopic approaches represent an outstanding tool to link neuronal activity with behavior in mice at the millisecond timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothé Jost-Mousseau
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), Saclay, France
| | - Max Chalabi
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), Saclay, France
| | - Daniel E. Shulz
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), Saclay, France
| | - Isabelle Férézou
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), Saclay, France
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25
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Chiappalone M, Cota VR, Carè M, Di Florio M, Beaubois R, Buccelli S, Barban F, Brofiga M, Averna A, Bonacini F, Guggenmos DJ, Bornat Y, Massobrio P, Bonifazi P, Levi T. Neuromorphic-Based Neuroprostheses for Brain Rewiring: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives in Neuroengineering. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1578. [PMID: 36421904 PMCID: PMC9688667 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroprostheses are neuroengineering devices that have an interface with the nervous system and supplement or substitute functionality in people with disabilities. In the collective imagination, neuroprostheses are mostly used to restore sensory or motor capabilities, but in recent years, new devices directly acting at the brain level have been proposed. In order to design the next-generation of neuroprosthetic devices for brain repair, we foresee the increasing exploitation of closed-loop systems enabled with neuromorphic elements due to their intrinsic energy efficiency, their capability to perform real-time data processing, and of mimicking neurobiological computation for an improved synergy between the technological and biological counterparts. In this manuscript, after providing definitions of key concepts, we reviewed the first exploitation of a real-time hardware neuromorphic prosthesis to restore the bidirectional communication between two neuronal populations in vitro. Starting from that 'case-study', we provide perspectives on the technological improvements for real-time interfacing and processing of neural signals and their potential usage for novel in vitro and in vivo experimental designs. The development of innovative neuroprosthetics for translational purposes is also presented and discussed. In our understanding, the pursuit of neuromorphic-based closed-loop neuroprostheses may spur the development of novel powerful technologies, such as 'brain-prostheses', capable of rewiring and/or substituting the injured nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Chiappalone
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy
- Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Vinicius R. Cota
- Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Marta Carè
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy
- Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Mattia Di Florio
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Romain Beaubois
- IMS Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5218, University of Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Stefano Buccelli
- Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Federico Barban
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy
- Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Brofiga
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Averna
- Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bonacini
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - David J. Guggenmos
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Yannick Bornat
- IMS Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5218, University of Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Paolo Massobrio
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonifazi
- IKERBASQUE, The Basque Fundation, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Timothée Levi
- IMS Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5218, University of Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France
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26
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Barbera G, Jun R, Zhang Y, Liang B, Li Y, Lin DT. A miniature fluorescence microscope for multi-plane imaging. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16686. [PMID: 36202883 PMCID: PMC9537509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Miniature fluorescence microscopes are becoming an increasingly established tool to investigate neural circuits in freely moving animals. In this work we present a lightweight one-photon microscope capable of imaging at different focal depths. The focal plane can be changed dynamically by modulating the pulse width of the control signal to a variable focus liquid lens, which is synchronized to the image sensor to enable changing focal plane between frames. The system was tested by imaging GCaMP7f expressing neurons in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in vivo during open field test. Results showed that with the proposed design it is possible to image neurons across an axial scan of ~ 60 μm, resulting in a ~ 40% increase of total neurons imaged compared to single plane imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Barbera
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Rachel Jun
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Bo Liang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Da-Ting Lin
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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27
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McCullough CM, Ramirez-Gordillo D, Hall M, Futia GL, Moran AK, Gibson EA, Restrepo D. GRINtrode: a neural implant for simultaneous two-photon imaging and extracellular electrophysiology in freely moving animals. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:045009. [PMID: 36466189 PMCID: PMC9713693 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.4.045009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Significance In vivo imaging and electrophysiology are powerful tools to explore neuronal function that each offer unique complementary information with advantages and limitations. Capturing both data types from the same neural population in the freely moving animal would allow researchers to take advantage of the capabilities of both modalities and further understand how they relate to each other. Aim Here, we present a head-mounted neural implant suitable for in vivo two-photon imaging of neuronal activity with simultaneous extracellular electrical recording in head-fixed or fiber-coupled freely moving animals. Approach A gradient refractive index (GRIN) lens-based head-mounted neural implant with extracellular electrical recording provided by tetrodes on the periphery of the GRIN lens was chronically implanted. The design of the neural implant allows for recording from head-fixed animals, as well as freely moving animals by coupling the imaging system to a coherent imaging fiber bundle. Results We demonstrate simultaneous two-photon imaging of GCaMP and extracellular electrophysiology of neural activity in awake head-fixed and freely moving mice. Using the collected information, we perform correlation analysis to reveal positive correlation between optical and local field potential recordings. Conclusion Simultaneously recording neural activity using both optical and electrical methods provides complementary information from each modality. Designs that can provide such bi-modal recording in freely moving animals allow for the investigation of neural activity underlying a broader range of behavioral paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor M. McCullough
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Bioengineering, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Daniel Ramirez-Gordillo
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Neurosurgery, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Michael Hall
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Neuroscience Machine Shop, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Gregory L. Futia
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Bioengineering, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Andrew K. Moran
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Cell and Development Biology, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Emily A. Gibson
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Bioengineering, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Diego Restrepo
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Cell and Development Biology, Aurora, Colorado, United States
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28
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Chen K, Tian Z, Kong L. Advances of optical miniscopes for in vivo imaging of neural activity in freely moving animals. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:994079. [PMID: 36161177 PMCID: PMC9490007 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.994079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To study neural mechanisms of ethologically relevant behaviors including many social behaviors and navigations, optical miniscopes, which can be carried by the model animals, are indispensable. Recently, a variety of optical miniscopes have been developed to meet this urgent requirement, and successfully applied in the study of neural network activity in free-moving mice, rats, and bats, etc. Generally, miniature fluorescence microscopes can be classified into single-photon and multi-photon fluorescence miniscopes, considering their differences in imaging mechanisms and hardware setups. In this review, we introduce their fundamental principles and system structures, summarize technical advances, and discuss limitations and future trends, for in vivo imaging of neural activity in freely moving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,Weiyang College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoshi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,Weiyang College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjie Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,Tsinghua-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Lingjie Kong,
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29
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Tran CHT. Toolbox for studying neurovascular coupling in vivo, with a focus on vascular activity and calcium dynamics in astrocytes. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:021909. [PMID: 35295714 PMCID: PMC8920490 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.2.021909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Insights into the cellular activity of each member of the neurovascular unit (NVU) is critical for understanding their contributions to neurovascular coupling (NVC)-one of the key control mechanisms in cerebral blood flow regulation. Advances in imaging and genetic tools have enhanced our ability to observe, manipulate and understand the cellular activity of NVU components, namely neurons, astrocytes, microglia, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and pericytes. However, there are still many unresolved questions. Since astrocytes are considered electrically unexcitable, Ca 2 + signaling is the main parameter used to monitor their activity. It is therefore imperative to study astrocytic Ca 2 + dynamics simultaneously with vascular activity using tools appropriate for the question of interest. Aim: To highlight currently available genetic and imaging tools for studying the NVU-and thus NVC-with a focus on astrocyte Ca 2 + dynamics and vascular activity, and discuss the utility, technical advantages, and limitations of these tools for elucidating NVC mechanisms. Approach: We draw attention to some outstanding questions regarding the mechanistic basis of NVC and emphasize the role of astrocytic Ca 2 + elevations in functional hyperemia. We further discuss commonly used genetic, and optical imaging tools, as well as some newly developed imaging modalities for studying NVC at the cellular level, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Results: We provide an overview of the current state of NVC research, focusing on the role of astrocytic Ca 2 + elevations in functional hyperemia; summarize recent advances in genetically engineered Ca 2 + indicators, fluorescence microscopy techniques for studying NVC; and discuss the unmet challenges for future imaging development. Conclusions: Advances in imaging techniques together with improvements in genetic tools have significantly contributed to our understanding of NVC. Many pieces of the puzzle have been revealed, but many more remain to be discovered. Ultimately, optimizing NVC research will require a concerted effort to improve imaging techniques, available genetic tools, and analytical software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cam Ha T. Tran
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno, Nevada, United States
- Address all correspondence to Cam Ha T. Tran,
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30
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Supekar OD, Sias A, Hansen SR, Martinez G, Peet GC, Peng X, Bright VM, Hughes EG, Restrepo D, Shepherd DP, Welle CG, Gopinath JT, Gibson EA. Miniature structured illumination microscope for in vivo 3D imaging of brain structures with optical sectioning. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:2530-2541. [PMID: 35519247 PMCID: PMC9045919 DOI: 10.1364/boe.449533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a high-resolution miniature, light-weight fluorescence microscope with electrowetting lens and onboard CMOS for high resolution volumetric imaging and structured illumination for rejection of out-of-focus and scattered light. The miniature microscope (SIMscope3D) delivers structured light using a coherent fiber bundle to obtain optical sectioning with an axial resolution of 18 µm. Volumetric imaging of eGFP labeled cells in fixed mouse brain tissue at depths up to 260 µm is demonstrated. The functionality of SIMscope3D to provide background free 3D imaging is shown by recording time series of microglia dynamics in awake mice at depths up to 120 µm in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkar D Supekar
- Department of Electrical, Energy and Computer Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Andrew Sias
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sean R Hansen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
| | - Gabriel Martinez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
| | - Graham C Peet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Peng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
| | - Victor M Bright
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Ethan G Hughes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
| | - Diego Restrepo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
| | | | - Cristin G Welle
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
| | - Juliet T Gopinath
- Department of Electrical, Energy and Computer Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Emily A Gibson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
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31
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Zong W, Obenhaus HA, Skytøen ER, Eneqvist H, de Jong NL, Vale R, Jorge MR, Moser MB, Moser EI. Large-scale two-photon calcium imaging in freely moving mice. Cell 2022; 185:1240-1256.e30. [PMID: 35305313 PMCID: PMC8970296 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We developed a miniaturized two-photon microscope (MINI2P) for fast, high-resolution, multiplane calcium imaging of over 1,000 neurons at a time in freely moving mice. With a microscope weight below 3 g and a highly flexible connection cable, MINI2P allowed stable imaging with no impediment of behavior in a variety of assays compared to untethered, unimplanted animals. The improved cell yield was achieved through a optical system design featuring an enlarged field of view (FOV) and a microtunable lens with increased z-scanning range and speed that allows fast and stable imaging of multiple interleaved planes, as well as 3D functional imaging. Successive imaging across multiple, adjacent FOVs enabled recordings from more than 10,000 neurons in the same animal. Large-scale proof-of-principle data were obtained from cell populations in visual cortex, medial entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus, revealing spatial tuning of cells in all areas. We made a light-weight 2-photon miniscope for calcium imaging in freely moving mice Stable high-quality imaging was observed during a wide spectrum of behaviors Activity can be monitored in volumes of over 1,000 visual or entorhinal-cortex cells A custom-designed z-scanning module allows fast imaging across multiple planes
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Zong
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim NO-7491, Norway.
| | - Horst A Obenhaus
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - Emilie R Skytøen
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - Hanna Eneqvist
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - Nienke L de Jong
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - Ruben Vale
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - Marina R Jorge
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - May-Britt Moser
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - Edvard I Moser
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim NO-7491, Norway.
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32
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Deep-learning two-photon fiberscopy for video-rate brain imaging in freely-behaving mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1534. [PMID: 35318318 PMCID: PMC8940941 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Scanning two-photon (2P) fiberscopes (also termed endomicroscopes) have the potential to transform our understanding of how discrete neural activity patterns result in distinct behaviors, as they are capable of high resolution, sub cellular imaging yet small and light enough to allow free movement of mice. However, their acquisition speed is currently suboptimal, due to opto-mechanical size and weight constraints. Here we demonstrate significant advances in 2P fiberscopy that allow high resolution imaging at high speeds (26 fps) in freely-behaving mice. A high-speed scanner and a down-sampling scheme are developed to boost imaging speed, and a deep learning (DL) algorithm is introduced to recover image quality. For the DL algorithm, a two-stage learning transfer strategy is established to generate proper training datasets for enhancing the quality of in vivo images. Implementation enables video-rate imaging at ~26 fps, representing 10-fold improvement in imaging speed over the previous 2P fiberscopy technology while maintaining a high signal-to-noise ratio and imaging resolution. This DL-assisted 2P fiberscope is capable of imaging the arousal-induced activity changes in populations of layer2/3 pyramidal neurons in the primary motor cortex of freely-behaving mice, providing opportunities to define the neural basis of behavior. The acquisition speed of two-photon fiberscopes is currently suboptimal. Here the authors report advances, including a high-speed scanner and down-sampling scheme as well as a two-stage deep learning (DL) algorithm, to allow high-speed, high-resolution imaging in freely moving mice.
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33
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Zeng C, Chen Z, Yang H, Fan Y, Fei L, Chen X, Zhang M. Advanced high resolution three-dimensional imaging to visualize the cerebral neurovascular network in stroke. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:552-571. [PMID: 35002509 PMCID: PMC8741851 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.64373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important method to accurately and timely diagnose stroke and study physiological characteristics and pathological mechanism in it, imaging technology has gone through more than a century of iteration. The interaction of cells densely packed in the brain is three-dimensional (3D), but the flat images brought by traditional visualization methods show only a few cells and ignore connections outside the slices. The increased resolution allows for a more microscopic and underlying view. Today's intuitive 3D imagings of micron or even nanometer scale are showing its essentiality in stroke. In recent years, 3D imaging technology has gained rapid development. With the overhaul of imaging mediums and the innovation of imaging mode, the resolution has been significantly improved, endowing researchers with the capability of holistic observation of a large volume, real-time monitoring of tiny voxels, and quantitative measurement of spatial parameters. In this review, we will summarize the current methods of high-resolution 3D imaging applied in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chudai Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China, 410008
| | - Zhuohui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China, 410008
| | - Haojun Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China, 410008
| | - Yishu Fan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China, 410008
| | - Lujing Fei
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China, 410008
| | - Xinghang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China, 410008
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China, 410008
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34
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Peng Y, Schöneberg N, Esposito MS, Geiger JRP, Sharott A, Tovote P. Current approaches to characterize micro- and macroscale circuit mechanisms of Parkinson's disease in rodent models. Exp Neurol 2022; 351:114008. [PMID: 35149118 PMCID: PMC7612860 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Accelerating technological progress in experimental neuroscience is increasing the scale as well as specificity of both observational and perturbational approaches to study circuit physiology. While these techniques have also been used to study disease mechanisms, a wider adoption of these approaches in the field of experimental neurology would greatly facilitate our understanding of neurological dysfunctions and their potential treatments at cellular and circuit level. In this review, we will introduce classic and novel methods ranging from single-cell electrophysiological recordings to state-of-the-art calcium imaging and cell-type specific optogenetic or chemogenetic stimulation. We will focus on their application in rodent models of Parkinson’s disease while also presenting their use in the context of motor control and basal ganglia function. By highlighting the scope and limitations of each method, we will discuss how they can be used to study pathophysiological mechanisms at local and global circuit levels and how novel frameworks can help to bridge these scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Peng
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TH, United Kingdom.
| | - Nina Schöneberg
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Soledad Esposito
- Medical Physics Department, Centro Atomico Bariloche, Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Av. E. Bustillo 9500, R8402AGP San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Jörg R P Geiger
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew Sharott
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TH, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Tovote
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany; Center for Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
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35
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Vickstrom CR, Snarrenberg ST, Friedman V, Liu QS. Application of optogenetics and in vivo imaging approaches for elucidating the neurobiology of addiction. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:640-651. [PMID: 34145393 PMCID: PMC9190069 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The neurobiology of addiction has been an intense topic of investigation for more than 50 years. Over this time, technological innovation in methods for studying brain function rapidly progressed, leading to increasingly sophisticated experimental approaches. To understand how specific brain regions, cell types, and circuits are affected by drugs of abuse and drive behaviors characteristic of addiction, it is necessary both to observe and manipulate neural activity in addiction-related behavioral paradigms. In pursuit of this goal, there have been several key technological advancements in in vivo imaging and neural circuit modulation in recent years, which have shed light on the cellular and circuit mechanisms of addiction. Here we discuss some of these key technologies, including circuit modulation with optogenetics, in vivo imaging with miniaturized single-photon microscopy (miniscope) and fiber photometry, and how the application of these technologies has garnered novel insights into the neurobiology of addiction.
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36
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Matchynski JI, Manwar R, Kratkiewicz KJ, Madangopal R, Lennon VA, Makki KM, Reppen AL, Woznicki AR, Hope BT, Perrine SA, Conti AC, Avanaki K. Direct measurement of neuronal ensemble activity using photoacoustic imaging in the stimulated Fos-LacZ transgenic rat brain: A proof-of-principle study. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2021; 24:100297. [PMID: 34522608 PMCID: PMC8426561 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Measuring neuroactivity underlying complex behaviors facilitates understanding the microcircuitry that supports these behaviors. We have developed a functional and molecular photoacoustic tomography (F/M-PAT) system which allows direct imaging of Fos-expressing neuronal ensembles in Fos-LacZ transgenic rats with a large field-of-view and high spatial resolution. F/M-PAT measures the beta-galactosidase catalyzed enzymatic product of exogenous chromophore X-gal within ensemble neurons. We used an ex vivo imaging method in the Wistar Fos-LacZ transgenic rat, to detect neuronal ensembles in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) following cocaine administration or a shock-tone paired stimulus. Robust and selective F/M-PAT signal was detected in mPFC neurons after both conditions (compare to naive controls) demonstrating successful and direct detection of Fos-expressing neuronal ensembles using this approach. The results of this study indicate that F/M-PAT can be used in conjunction with Fos-LacZ rats to monitor neuronal ensembles that underlie a range of behavioral processes, such as fear learning or addiction.
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Key Words
- ANSI, American national standards institute
- AP, anterior-posterior
- Brain
- CNR, contrast-to-noise ratio
- Cocaine
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DV, dorsal-ventral
- F/M-PAT, functional molecular photoacoustic tomography
- FOV, field-of-view
- Fear conditioning
- Fos
- GRIN, gradient-index
- IL, infralimbic cortex
- ML, medial-lateral
- Neuronal ensemble
- OCT, optical coherence tomography
- OPO, optical parametric oscillator
- PA, photoacoustic
- PBS, phosphate buffer saline
- PL, prelimbic cortex
- Photoacoustic imaging
- SNR, signal-to-noise ratio
- US, ultrasound
- X-gal
- X-gal, beta-D-galactosidase
- fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging
- mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex
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Affiliation(s)
- James I. Matchynski
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Rayyan Manwar
- The Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Karl J. Kratkiewicz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Rajtarun Madangopal
- The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Veronica A. Lennon
- The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kassem M. Makki
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Abbey L. Reppen
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Bruce T. Hope
- The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shane A. Perrine
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alana C. Conti
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kamran Avanaki
- The Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
- Corresponding author at: The Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA.
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37
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Early Development of the GABAergic System and the Associated Risks of Neonatal Anesthesia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312951. [PMID: 34884752 PMCID: PMC8657958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and animal studies have elucidated the apparent neurodevelopmental effects resulting from neonatal anesthesia. Observations of learning and behavioral deficits in children, who were exposed to anesthesia early in development, have instigated a flurry of studies that have predominantly utilized animal models to further interrogate the mechanisms of neonatal anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity. Specifically, while neonatal anesthesia has demonstrated its propensity to affect multiple cell types in the brain, it has shown to have a particularly detrimental effect on the gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system, which contributes to the observed learning and behavioral deficits. The damage to GABAergic neurons, resulting from neonatal anesthesia, seems to involve structure-specific changes in excitatory-inhibitory balance and neurovascular coupling, which manifest following a significant interval after neonatal anesthesia exposure. Thus, to better understand how neonatal anesthesia affects the GABAergic system, we first review the early development of the GABAergic system in various structures that have been the focus of neonatal anesthesia research. This is followed by an explanation that, due to the prolonged developmental curve of the GABAergic system, the entirety of the negative effects of neonatal anesthesia on learning and behavior in children are not immediately evident, but instead take a substantial amount of time (years) to fully develop. In order to address these concerns going forward, we subsequently offer a variety of in vivo methods which can be used to record these delayed effects.
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38
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Lin PY, Hwang SPL, Lee CH, Chen BC. Two-photon scanned light sheet fluorescence microscopy with axicon imaging for fast volumetric imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210219RR. [PMID: 34796706 PMCID: PMC8601431 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.11.116503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Two-photon microscopy has become the standard platform for deep-tissue fluorescence imaging. However, the use of point scanning in conventional two-photon microscopy limits the speed of volumetric image acquisition. AIM To obtain fast and deep volumetric images, we combine two-photon light sheet fluorescence microscopy (2p-LSFM) and axicon imaging that yields an extended depth of field (DOF) in 2p-LSFM. APPROACH Axicon imaging is achieved by imposing an axicon lens in the detection part of LSFM. RESULTS The DOF with axicon imaging is extended more than 20-fold over that of a conventional imaging lens, liberating the synchronized scanning in LSFM. We captured images of dynamic beating hearts and red blood cells in zebrafish larvae at volume acquisition rates up to 30 Hz. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the fast three-dimensional imaging capability of 2p-LSFM with axicon imaging by recording the rapid dynamics of physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yen Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Ping L. Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hon Lee
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Chang Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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39
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Adesnik H, Abdeladim L. Probing neural codes with two-photon holographic optogenetics. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:1356-1366. [PMID: 34400843 PMCID: PMC9793863 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00902-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetics ushered in a revolution in how neuroscientists interrogate brain function. Because of technical limitations, the majority of optogenetic studies have used low spatial resolution activation schemes that limit the types of perturbations that can be made. However, neural activity manipulations at finer spatial scales are likely to be important to more fully understand neural computation. Spatially precise multiphoton holographic optogenetics promises to address this challenge and opens up many new classes of experiments that were not previously possible. More specifically, by offering the ability to recreate extremely specific neural activity patterns in both space and time in functionally defined ensembles of neurons, multiphoton holographic optogenetics could allow neuroscientists to reveal fundamental aspects of the neural codes for sensation, cognition and behavior that have been beyond reach. This Review summarizes recent advances in multiphoton holographic optogenetics that substantially expand its capabilities, highlights outstanding technical challenges and provides an overview of the classes of experiments it can execute to test and validate key theoretical models of brain function. Multiphoton holographic optogenetics could substantially accelerate the pace of neuroscience discovery by helping to close the loop between experimental and theoretical neuroscience, leading to fundamental new insights into nervous system function and disorder.
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40
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Lange Simmons Y, Underwood KJ, Supekar OD, Heffernan BM, Welton TA, Gibson EA, Gopinath JT. Femtosecond diode-based time lens laser for multiphoton microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:6269-6276. [PMID: 34745735 PMCID: PMC8548023 DOI: 10.1364/boe.430549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a near-infrared, femtosecond, diode laser-based source with kW peak power for two-photon microscopy. At a wavelength of 976 nm, the system produces sub-ps pulses operating at a repetition rate of 10 MHz with kilowatt class peak powers suitable for deep tissue two-photon microscopy. The system, integrated with a laser-scanning microscope, images to a depth of 900 µm in a fixed sample of PLP-eGFP labeled mouse brain tissue. This represents a significant development that will lead to more efficient, compact, and accessible laser sources for biomedical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Lange Simmons
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | | | - Omkar D. Supekar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | | | - Tarah A. Welton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Emily A. Gibson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Juliet T. Gopinath
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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41
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Mishra N, Heisenberg CP. Dissecting Organismal Morphogenesis by Bridging Genetics and Biophysics. Annu Rev Genet 2021; 55:209-233. [PMID: 34460295 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-071819-103748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms develop complex shapes from much simpler, single-celled zygotes through a process commonly called morphogenesis. Morphogenesis involves an interplay between several factors, ranging from the gene regulatory networks determining cell fate and differentiation to the mechanical processes underlying cell and tissue shape changes. Thus, the study of morphogenesis has historically been based on multidisciplinary approaches at the interface of biology with physics and mathematics. Recent technological advances have further improved our ability to study morphogenesis by bridging the gap between the genetic and biophysical factors through the development of new tools for visualizing, analyzing, and perturbing these factors and their biochemical intermediaries. Here, we review how a combination of genetic, microscopic, biophysical, and biochemical approaches has aided our attempts to understand morphogenesis and discuss potential approaches that may be beneficial to such an inquiry in the future. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Genetics, Volume 55 is November 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Mishra
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria; ,
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42
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Rebusi R, Olorocisimo JP, Briones J, Ohta Y, Haruta M, Takehara H, Tashiro H, Sasagawa K, Ohta J. Simultaneous CMOS-Based Imaging of Calcium Signaling of the Central Amygdala and the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus During Nociception in Freely Moving Mice. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:667708. [PMID: 34135728 PMCID: PMC8202083 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.667708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging devices have been indispensable in elucidating the workings of the brain in living animals, including unrestrained, active ones. Various devices are available, each with their own strengths and weaknesses in terms of many factors. We have developed CMOS-based needle-type imaging devices that are small and lightweight enough to be doubly implanted in freely moving mice. The design also allowed angled implantations to avoid critical areas. We demonstrated the utility of the devices by using them on GCaMP6 mice in a formalin test experiment. Simultaneous implantations to the capsular-lateral central amygdala (CeLC) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) were proven to be safe and did not hinder the execution of the study. Analysis of the collected calcium signaling data, supported by behavior data, showed increased activity in both regions as a result of pain stimulation. Thus, we have successfully demonstrated the various advantages of the device in its application in the pain experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romeo Rebusi
- Division of Material Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | | | - Jeric Briones
- Division of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan.,Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasumi Ohta
- Division of Material Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Makito Haruta
- Division of Material Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Hironari Takehara
- Division of Material Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tashiro
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Sasagawa
- Division of Material Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Jun Ohta
- Division of Material Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
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43
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Simpson S, Chen Y, Wellmeyer E, Smith LC, Aragon Montes B, George O, Kimbrough A. The Hidden Brain: Uncovering Previously Overlooked Brain Regions by Employing Novel Preclinical Unbiased Network Approaches. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:595507. [PMID: 33967705 PMCID: PMC8097000 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.595507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A large focus of modern neuroscience has revolved around preselected brain regions of interest based on prior studies. While there are reasons to focus on brain regions implicated in prior work, the result has been a biased assessment of brain function. Thus, many brain regions that may prove crucial in a wide range of neurobiological problems, including neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders, have been neglected. Advances in neuroimaging and computational neuroscience have made it possible to make unbiased assessments of whole-brain function and identify previously overlooked regions of the brain. This review will discuss the tools that have been developed to advance neuroscience and network-based computational approaches used to further analyze the interconnectivity of the brain. Furthermore, it will survey examples of neural network approaches that assess connectivity in clinical (i.e., human) and preclinical (i.e., animal model) studies and discuss how preclinical studies of neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders can greatly benefit from the unbiased nature of whole-brain imaging and network neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Yueyi Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Emma Wellmeyer
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Lauren C Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Brianna Aragon Montes
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Adam Kimbrough
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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44
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Nowzari F, Wang H, Khoradmehr A, Baghban M, Baghban N, Arandian A, Muhaddesi M, Nabipour I, Zibaii MI, Najarasl M, Taheri P, Latifi H, Tamadon A. Three-Dimensional Imaging in Stem Cell-Based Researches. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:657525. [PMID: 33937378 PMCID: PMC8079735 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.657525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have an important role in regenerative therapies, developmental biology studies and drug screening. Basic and translational research in stem cell technology needs more detailed imaging techniques. The possibility of cell-based therapeutic strategies has been validated in the stem cell field over recent years, a more detailed characterization of the properties of stem cells is needed for connectomics of large assemblies and structural analyses of these cells. The aim of stem cell imaging is the characterization of differentiation state, cellular function, purity and cell location. Recent progress in stem cell imaging field has included ultrasound-based technique to study living stem cells and florescence microscopy-based technique to investigate stem cell three-dimensional (3D) structures. Here, we summarized the fundamental characteristics of stem cells via 3D imaging methods and also discussed the emerging literatures on 3D imaging in stem cell research and the applications of both classical 2D imaging techniques and 3D methods on stem cells biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Nowzari
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Huimei Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mandana Baghban
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Neda Baghban
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Alireza Arandian
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Muhaddesi
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohammad I. Zibaii
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Najarasl
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Taheri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Latifi
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Tamadon
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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45
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Go MA, Rogers J, Gava GP, Davey CE, Prado S, Liu Y, Schultz SR. Place Cells in Head-Fixed Mice Navigating a Floating Real-World Environment. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:618658. [PMID: 33642996 PMCID: PMC7906988 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.618658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal place cell system in rodents has provided a major paradigm for the scientific investigation of memory function and dysfunction. Place cells have been observed in area CA1 of the hippocampus of both freely moving animals, and of head-fixed animals navigating in virtual reality environments. However, spatial coding in virtual reality preparations has been observed to be impaired. Here we show that the use of a real-world environment system for head-fixed mice, consisting of an air-floating track with proximal cues, provides some advantages over virtual reality systems for the study of spatial memory. We imaged the hippocampus of head-fixed mice injected with the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP6s while they navigated circularly constrained or open environments on the floating platform. We observed consistent place tuning in a substantial fraction of cells despite the absence of distal visual cues. Place fields remapped when animals entered a different environment. When animals re-entered the same environment, place fields typically remapped over a time period of multiple days, faster than in freely moving preparations, but comparable with virtual reality. Spatial information rates were within the range observed in freely moving mice. Manifold analysis indicated that spatial information could be extracted from a low-dimensional subspace of the neural population dynamics. This is the first demonstration of place cells in head-fixed mice navigating on an air-lifted real-world platform, validating its use for the study of brain circuits involved in memory and affected by neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Go
- Department of Bioengineering and Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Rogers
- Department of Bioengineering and Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe P. Gava
- Department of Bioengineering and Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine E. Davey
- Department of Bioengineering and Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Seigfred Prado
- Department of Bioengineering and Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Bioengineering and Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R. Schultz
- Department of Bioengineering and Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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46
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Evans HT, Blackmore D, Götz J, Bodea LG. De novo proteomic methods for examining the molecular mechanisms underpinning long-term memory. Brain Res Bull 2021; 169:94-103. [PMID: 33465403 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Memory formation is a fundamental function of the nervous system that enables the experience-based adaptation of behaviour. The formation, recall and updating of long-term memory (LTM) requires new protein synthesis through its direct involvement in neuronal processes, such as long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD) and synaptic scaling. We discuss the advantages and limitations of several emerging techniques which enable the tagging of newly synthesised proteins, including stable isotope labelling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), puromycin labelling, and non-canonical amino acid (NCAA) labelling. We further present how these methods allow for the identification and visualisation of proteins which are newly synthesised during different stages of memory formation. These emerging techniques will continue to expand our understanding of how memories are formed, consolidated and retrieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Tudor Evans
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Blackmore
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jürgen Götz
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Liviu-Gabriel Bodea
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
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47
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Ahmadzadeh K, Scott M, Brand M, Vahtras O, Li X, Rinkevicius Z, Norman P. Efficient implementation of isotropic cubic response functions for two-photon absorption cross sections within the self-consistent field approximation. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:024111. [PMID: 33445884 DOI: 10.1063/5.0031851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the self-consistent field approximation, computationally tractable expressions for the isotropic second-order hyperpolarizability have been derived and implemented for the calculation of two-photon absorption cross sections. The novel tensor average formulation presented in this work allows for the evaluation of isotropic damped cubic response functions using only ∼3.3% (one-photon off-resonance regions) and ∼10% (one-photon resonance regions) of the number of auxiliary Fock matrices required when explicitly calculating all the needed individual tensor components. Numerical examples of the two-photon absorption cross section in the one-photon off-resonance and resonance regions are provided for alanine-tryptophan and 2,5-dibromo-1,4-bis(2-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)vinyl)-benzene. Furthermore, a benchmark set of 22 additional small- and medium-sized organic molecules is considered. In all these calculations, a quantitative assessment is made of the reduced and approximate forms of the cubic response function in the one-photon off-resonance regions and results demonstrate a relative error of less than ∼5% when using the reduced expression as compared to the full form of the isotropic cubic response function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Scott
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Brand
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olav Vahtras
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zilvinas Rinkevicius
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrick Norman
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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48
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Park J, Kim JY, Kim YR, Huang M, Chang JY, Sim AY, Jung H, Lee WT, Hyun YM, Lee JE. Reparative System Arising from CCR2(+) Monocyte Conversion Attenuates Neuroinflammation Following Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2021; 12:879-893. [PMID: 33409730 PMCID: PMC8421302 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes recruitment from the blood to inflamed tissues following ischemic stroke is an important immune response to wound healing and tissue repair. Mouse monocytes can be endogenously divided into two distinct populations: pro-inflammatory or classical monocytes that express CCR2highCX3CR1low and circulate in blood, and anti-inflammatory or non-classical monocytes that express CCR2lowCX3CR1high and patrol locally. In this study of transgenic mice with functional CX3CR1GFP/+ or CX3CR1GFP/+-CCR2RFP/+, we found that CCR2highCX3CR1low monocytes recruited to the injured brain were cytokine-dependently converted into CCR2lowCX3CR1high macrophages, especially under the influence of IL-4 and IL-13, thereby attenuating the neuroinflammation following sterile ischemic stroke. The overall data suggest that (1) the regulation of monocyte-switching is one of the ultimate reparative strategies in ischemic stroke, and (2) the adaptation of monocytes in a locally inflamed milieu is vital to alleviating the effects of ischemic stroke through innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohyun Park
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Youl Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Rim Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Meiying Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Chang
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A Young Sim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosung Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Taek Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Hyun
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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49
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Zong W, Wu R, Chen S, Wu J, Wang H, Zhao Z, Chen G, Tu R, Wu D, Hu Y, Xu Y, Wang Y, Duan Z, Wu H, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Wang A, Chen L, Cheng H. Miniature two-photon microscopy for enlarged field-of-view, multi-plane and long-term brain imaging. Nat Methods 2021; 18:46-49. [PMID: 33408404 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-01024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a miniature two-photon microscope equipped with an axial scanning mechanism and a long-working-distance miniature objective to enable multi-plane imaging over a volume of 420 × 420 × 180 μm3 at a lateral resolution of ~1 μm. Together with the detachable design that permits long-term recurring imaging, our miniature two-photon microscope can help decipher neuronal mechanisms in freely behaving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Runlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Shiyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Wu
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanbin Wang
- Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Study, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Danlei Wu
- Beijing Transcend Vivoscope Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Beijing Transcend Vivoscope Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Beijing Transcend Vivoscope Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Study, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoli Duan
- Department of Neurology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Zhang
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Study, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication System and Networks, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Liangyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing, China.
| | - Heping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Roth RH, Ding JB. From Neurons to Cognition: Technologies for Precise Recording of Neural Activity Underlying Behavior. BME FRONTIERS 2020; 2020:7190517. [PMID: 37849967 PMCID: PMC10521756 DOI: 10.34133/2020/7190517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how brain activity encodes information and controls behavior is a long-standing question in neuroscience. This complex problem requires converging efforts from neuroscience and engineering, including technological solutions to perform high-precision and large-scale recordings of neuronal activity in vivo as well as unbiased methods to reliably measure and quantify behavior. Thanks to advances in genetics, molecular biology, engineering, and neuroscience, in recent decades, a variety of optical imaging and electrophysiological approaches for recording neuronal activity in awake animals have been developed and widely applied in the field. Moreover, sophisticated computer vision and machine learning algorithms have been developed to analyze animal behavior. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of technology for neuronal recordings with a focus on optical and electrophysiological methods in rodents. In addition, we discuss areas that future technological development will need to cover in order to further our understanding of the neural activity underlying behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Roth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jun B Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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