1
|
Ji Y, Lu Q, Duan Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Yao W, Yin J, Gao X. Enhanced bioactivity and stability of a long-acting FGF21: A novel variant for the treatment of NASH. Biochimie 2024; 225:26-39. [PMID: 38740172 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is pivotal in regulating energy metabolism, highlighting substantial therapeutic potential for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Previously, we reported a long-acting FGF21 fusion protein, PsTag-FGF21, which was prepared by genetically fusing human FGF21 with a 648-residue polypeptide (PsTag). While this fusion protein demonstrated therapeutic efficacy against NASH, our final product analysis revealed the presence of fixed impurities resistant to effective removal, indicating potential degradation of PsTag-FGF21. Here, we enriched and analyzed the impurities, confirming our hypothesis regarding the C-terminal degradation of PsTag-FGF21. We now describe a new variant developed to eliminate the C-terminal degradation. By introducing one mutation located at the C-terminal of PsTag-FGF21(V169L), we demonstrated that the new molecule, PsTag-FGF21(V169L), exhibits many improved attributes. Compared with PsTag-FGF21, PsTag-FGF21(V169L) displayed elevated bioactivity and stability, along with a twofold enhanced binding affinity to the coreceptor β-Klotho. In vivo, the circulating half-life of PsTag-FGF21(V169L) was further enhanced compared with that of PsTag-FGF21. In NASH mice, PsTag-FGF21(V169L) demonstrated efficacy with sustained improvements in multiple metabolic parameters. Besides, PsTag-FGF21(V169L) demonstrated the ability to alleviate NASH by decreasing hepatocyte apoptosis. The superior biophysical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties, along with the positive metabolic effects, imply that further clinical development of PsTag-FGF21(V169L) as a metabolic therapy for NASH patients may be warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Draggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Qingzhou Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Draggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yiliang Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Draggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Draggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Draggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wenbing Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Draggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Jun Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Draggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Draggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shi S, Zhang Q, Zhang K, Chen W, Xie H, Pan S, Xue Z, You B, Zhao J, You Y. FGF19 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by inducing angiogenesis via inhibiting TRIM21-mediated ANXA2 ubiquitination. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:283-301. [PMID: 37782406 PMCID: PMC10899426 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has characteristics of high invasion and early metastasis. Most NPC patients present with locoregionally advanced illness when first diagnosed. Therefore, it is urgent to discover NPC biomarkers. Fibroblast growth Factor 19 (FGF19) plays a role in various physiological or pathological processes, including cancer. In this research, we discovered the importance of FGF19 in NPC, and clarified its role in tumour angiogenesis. METHODS Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and ELISA were used to investigate FGF19 expression in NPC. Then we took CCK8, colony formation, Transwell and wound healing assays to identify the influence of FGF19 on NPC malignant behaviours. The proliferative and metastatic capacity of FGF19 were evaluated in nude mice and zebrafish. The role of FGF19 in angiogenesis was investigated by tube formation and Matrigel plug angiogenesis assays. We then evaluated the variation in Annexin A2(ANXA2) levels with the treatment of FGF19. Lastly, co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays were performed to identify the mechanisms involved. RESULTS FGF19 levels were elevated in tissues and serum of NPC patients and were associated with poor clinical stages. High expression of FGF19 promoted NPC malignant behaviours. In particular, FGF19 expression was correlated with microvessel density in tissues and NPC-derived FGF19 could accelerate angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, FGF19 influenced ANXA2 expression to promote angiogenesis. Moreover, tripartite motif-containing 21(TRIM21) interacted with ANXA2 and was responsible for ANXA2 ubiquitination. CONCLUSION FGF19 promoted NPC angiogenesis by inhibiting TRIM21-mediated ANXA2 ubiquitination. It may serve as a noninvasive biomarker for NPC and provides new insights for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qicheng Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kaiwen Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haijing Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Si Pan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ziyi Xue
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo You
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jianmei Zhao
- Department of Paediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yiwen You
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen H, Lee SJ, Li R, Sura A, Suen N, Dilip A, Pomogov Y, Vuppalapaty M, Suen TT, Lu C, Post Y, Li Y. BRAIDing receptors for cell-specific targeting. eLife 2024; 12:RP90221. [PMID: 38193894 PMCID: PMC10945505 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic toxicity is a major challenge in the development of therapeutics. Consequently, cell-type-specific targeting is needed to improve on-target efficacy while reducing off-target toxicity. Here, we describe a cell-targeting system we have termed BRAID (BRidged Activation by Intra/intermolecular Division) whereby an active molecule is divided into two inactive or less active parts that are subsequently brought together via a so-called 'bridging receptor' on the target cell. This concept was validated using the WNT/β-catenin signaling system, demonstrating that a multivalent WNT agonist molecule divided into two inactive components assembled from different epitopes via the hepatocyte receptor βKlotho induces signaling specifically on hepatocytes. These data provide proof of concept for this cell-specific targeting strategy, and in principle, this may also allow activation of multiple signaling pathways where desirable. This approach has broad application potential for other receptor systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Surrozen IncSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | | | - Ryan Li
- Surrozen IncSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Asmiti Sura
- Surrozen IncSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | | | | | - Yan Pomogov
- Surrozen IncSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Yorick Post
- Surrozen IncSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Yang Li
- Surrozen IncSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aaldijk AS, Verzijl CRC, Jonker JW, Struik D. Biological and pharmacological functions of the FGF19- and FGF21-coreceptor beta klotho. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1150222. [PMID: 37260446 PMCID: PMC10229096 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1150222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta klotho (KLB) is a fundamental component in fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling as it serves as an obligatory coreceptor for the endocrine hormones fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Through the development of FGF19- and FGF21 mimetics, KLB has emerged as a promising drug target for treating various metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular disease. While rodent studies have significantly increased our understanding of KLB function, current clinical trials that test the safety and efficacy of KLB-targeting drugs raise many new scientific questions about human KLB biology. Although most KLB-targeting drugs can modulate disease activity in humans, individual patient responses differ substantially. In addition, species-specific differences in KLB tissue distribution may explain why the glucose-lowering effects that were observed in preclinical studies are not fully replicated in clinical trials. Besides, the long-term efficacy of KLB-targeting drugs might be limited by various pathophysiological conditions known to reduce the expression of KLB. Moreover, FGF19/FGF21 administration in humans is also associated with gastrointestinal side effects, which are currently unexplained. A better understanding of human KLB biology could help to improve the efficacy and safety of existing or novel KLB/FGFR-targeting drugs. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of KLB biology, including genetic variants and their phenotypic associations, transcriptional regulation, protein structure, tissue distribution, subcellular localization, and function. In addition, we will highlight recent developments regarding the safety and efficacy of KLB-targeting drugs in clinical trials. These insights may direct the development and testing of existing and future KLB-targeting drugs.
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo S, Gao W, Zeng M, Liu F, Yang Q, Chen L, Wang Z, Jin Y, Xiang P, Chen H, Wen Z, Shi Q, Song Z. Characterization of TLR1 and expression profiling of TLR signaling pathway related genes in response to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge in hybrid yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ♀ × P. vachelli ♂). Front Immunol 2023; 14:1163781. [PMID: 37056759 PMCID: PMC10086376 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1163781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll‐like receptor 1 (TLR1) mediates the innate immune response to a variety of microbes through recognizing cell wall components (such as bacterial lipoproteins) in mammals. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of TLR1 involved in pathogen immunity in the representative hybrid yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ♀ × P. vachelli ♂) has not been well studied. In the present study, we identified the TLR1 gene from the hybrid yellow catfish, and further comparative synteny data from multiple species confirmed that the TLR1 gene is highly conserved in teleosts. Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinguishable TLR1s in diverse taxa, suggesting consistence in evolution of the TLR1 proteins with various species. Structural prediction indicated that the three-dimensional structures of TLR1 proteins are relatively conserved among different taxa. Positive selection analysis showed that purifying selection dominated the evolutionary process of TLR1s and TLR1-TIR domain in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Expression pattern analysis based on the tissue distribution showed that TLR1 mainly transcribed in the gonad, gallbladder and kidney, and the mRNA levels of TLR1 in kidney were remarkably up-regulated after Aeromonas hydrophila stimulation, indicating that TLR1 participates in the inflammatory responses to exogenous pathogen infection in hybrid yellow catfish. Homologous sequence alignment and chromosomal location indicated that the TLR signaling pathway is very conserved in the hybrid yellow catfish. The expression patterns of TLR signaling pathway related genes (TLR1- TLR2 - MyD88 - FADD - Caspase 8) were consistent after pathogen stimulation, revealing that the TLR signaling pathway is triggered and activated after A. hydrophila infection. Our findings will lay a solid foundation for better understanding the immune roles of TLR1 in teleosts, as well as provide basic data for developing strategies to control disease outbreak in hybrid yellow catfish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengtao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenxue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengsha Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fenglin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingzhuoma Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zesong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanxi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengyong Wen
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengyong Wen, ; Qiong Shi, ; Zhaobin Song,
| | - Qiong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengyong Wen, ; Qiong Shi, ; Zhaobin Song,
| | - Zhaobin Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengyong Wen, ; Qiong Shi, ; Zhaobin Song,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hua S, Liu Q, Li J, Fan M, Yan K, Ye D. Beta-klotho in type 2 diabetes mellitus: From pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:1091-1109. [PMID: 34120289 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a global health problem with no cure. Despite lifestyle modifications and various pharmaceutical options, the achievement of stable and durable glucose control along with effective prevention of T2DM-related cardiovascular complications remains a challenging task in clinical management. With its selective high abundance in metabolic tissues (adipose tissue, liver, and pancreas), β-Klotho is the essential component of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor complexes. It is essential for high-affinity binding of endocrine FGF19 and FGF21 to evoke the signaling cascade actively involved in homeostatic maintenance of glucose metabolism and energy expenditure. In this Review, we discuss the biological function of β-Klotho in the regulation of glucose metabolism and offer mechanistic insights into its involvement in the pathophysiology of T2DM. We review our current understanding of the endocrine axis comprised of β-Klotho and FGFs (FGF19 and FGF21) and its regulatory effects on glucose metabolism under physiological and T2DM conditions. We also highlight advances in the development and preclinical validation of pharmacological compounds that target β-Klotho and/or the β-Klotho-FGFRs complex for the treatment of T2DM. Given the remarkable advances in this field, we also discuss outstanding research questions and the many challenges in the clinical development of β-Klotho-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hua
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of The Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of The Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jufei Li
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of The Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengqi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of The Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaixuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of The Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of The Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are cell-signaling proteins with diverse functions in cell development, repair, and metabolism. The human FGF family consists of 22 structurally related members, which can be classified into three separate groups based on their action of mechanisms, namely: intracrine, paracrine/autocrine, and endocrine FGF subfamilies. FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23 belong to the hormone-like/endocrine FGF subfamily. These endocrine FGFs are mainly associated with the regulation of cell metabolic activities such as homeostasis of lipids, glucose, energy, bile acids, and minerals (phosphate/active vitamin D). Endocrine FGFs function through a unique protein family called klotho. Two members of this family, α-klotho, or β-klotho, act as main cofactors which can scaffold to tether FGF19/21/23 to their receptor(s) (FGFRs) to form an active complex. There are ongoing studies pertaining to the structure and mechanism of these individual ternary complexes. These studies aim to provide potential insights into the physiological and pathophysiological roles and therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the history, structure–function relationship(s), downstream signaling, physiological roles, and future perspectives on endocrine FGFs.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ferguson HR, Smith MP, Francavilla C. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs) and Noncanonical Partners in Cancer Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:1201. [PMID: 34068954 PMCID: PMC8156822 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that success of targeted therapies in the treatment of cancer is context-dependent and is influenced by a complex crosstalk between signaling pathways and between cell types in the tumor. The Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)/FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling axis highlights the importance of such context-dependent signaling in cancer. Aberrant FGFR signaling has been characterized in almost all cancer types, most commonly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast cancer, glioblastoma, prostate cancer and gastrointestinal cancer. This occurs primarily through amplification and over-expression of FGFR1 and FGFR2 resulting in ligand-independent activation. Mutations and translocations of FGFR1-4 are also identified in cancer. Canonical FGF-FGFR signaling is tightly regulated by ligand-receptor combinations as well as direct interactions with the FGFR coreceptors heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and Klotho. Noncanonical FGFR signaling partners have been implicated in differential regulation of FGFR signaling. FGFR directly interacts with cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, contributing to invasive and migratory properties of cancer cells, whereas interactions with other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulate angiogenic, resistance to therapy, and metastatic potential of cancer cells. The diversity in FGFR signaling partners supports a role for FGFR signaling in cancer, independent of genetic aberration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harriet R. Ferguson
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
| | - Michael P. Smith
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
| | - Chiara Francavilla
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
- Manchester Breast Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu L, Zhao H, Liu J, Cai H, Wu B, Liu Z, Zhou S, Liu Q, Li X, Bao B, Liu J, Dai H, Wang J. Dynamic folding modulation generates FGF21 variant against diabetes. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51352. [PMID: 33295692 PMCID: PMC7788455 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism. It has been widely considered as a promising candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other related metabolic disorders. However, lack of structural and dynamic information has limited FGF21-based drug development. Here, using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we determine the structure of FGF21 and find that its non-canonical flexible β-trefoil conformation affects the folding of β2-β3 hairpin and further overall protein stability. To modulate folding dynamics, we designed an FGF21-FGF19 chimera, FGF21SS . As expected, FGF21SS shows better thermostability without inducing hepatocyte proliferation. Functional characterization of FGF21SS shows its better insulin sensitivity, reduced inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and lower blood glucose and insulin levels in ob/ob mice compared with wild type. Our dynamics-based rational design provides a promising approach for FGF21-based therapeutic development against T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Hao Cai
- School of Biotechnology & Food EngineeringHefei University of TechnologyHefeiChina
| | - Bo Wu
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Zhijun Liu
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Shu Zhou
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Qingsong Liu
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Chemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Bin Bao
- Chemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Jian Liu
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Han Dai
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Junfeng Wang
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
- Chemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Institute of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen TY, Sun D, Lin WS, Lin YL, Chao YM, Chen SY, Chen YR, Wu YL. Glucosamine regulation of fibroblast growth factor 21 expression in liver and adipose tissues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:714-719. [PMID: 32736697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with metabolic disorders. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been recognized as important in metabolism. Glucosamine (GLN) has been demonstrated to perform diverse beneficial functions. This study aimed to reveal whether and how GLN would modulate FGF21 production in relation to metabolism. With in vivo model of normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD) mice receiving GLN injection and in vitro model of mouse AML12 liver cells and differentiated 3T3L1 adipocytes challenged with GLN, GLN appeared to improve the glucose metabolism in HFD and ND mice and to elevate FGF21 protein expression in HFD liver and to increase both FGF21 protein and mRNA levels in WAT from HFD and ND mice and it also upregulated FGF21 expression in both AML12 and differentiated 3T3L1 cells. By using inhibitors against various signaling pathways, p38, Akt, NF-κB, and PKA appeared potentially involved in GLN-mediated FGF21 production in AML12 cells; GLN was able to mediate activation of NF-κB, p38 or PKA/CREB signaling. Our accumulated findings suggest that GLN may potentially improve the metabolic performance by inducing FGF21 production in liver and adipose tissues and such induction in liver cells may act in part due to GLN induction of the NF-κB, p38 and PKA pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shen Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Chao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Yu Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Lin Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Z. Complete Extraction of Protein Dynamics Information in Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry Data. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6486-6494. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Zhang
- Process Development, Amgen Incorporated, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cross-Talk between Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors and Other Cell Surface Proteins. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050455. [PMID: 31091809 PMCID: PMC6562592 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) constitute signaling circuits that transmit signals across the plasma membrane, regulating pivotal cellular processes like differentiation, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. The malfunction of FGFs/FGFRs signaling axis is observed in numerous developmental and metabolic disorders, and in various tumors. The large diversity of FGFs/FGFRs functions is attributed to a great complexity in the regulation of FGFs/FGFRs-dependent signaling cascades. The function of FGFRs is modulated at several levels, including gene expression, alternative splicing, posttranslational modifications, and protein trafficking. One of the emerging ways to adjust FGFRs activity is through formation of complexes with other integral proteins of the cell membrane. These proteins may act as coreceptors, modulating binding of FGFs to FGFRs and defining specificity of elicited cellular response. FGFRs may interact with other cell surface receptors, like G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) or receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). The cross-talk between various receptors modulates the strength and specificity of intracellular signaling and cell fate. At the cell surface FGFRs can assemble into large complexes involving various cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). The interplay between FGFRs and CAMs affects cell–cell interaction and motility and is especially important for development of the central nervous system. This review summarizes current stage of knowledge about the regulation of FGFRs by the plasma membrane-embedded partner proteins and highlights the importance of FGFRs-containing membrane complexes in pathological conditions, including cancer.
Collapse
|
13
|
Pérez-Estrada JR, Hernández-García D, Leyva-Castro F, Ramos-León J, Cuevas-Benítez O, Díaz-Muñoz M, Castro-Obregón S, Ramírez-Solís R, García C, Covarrubias L. Reduced lifespan of mice lacking catalase correlates with altered lipid metabolism without oxidative damage or premature aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 135:102-115. [PMID: 30818059 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the mechanisms that underlie longevity and aging and the metabolic alterations due to feeding conditions has not been completely defined. In the present work, through the deletion of the gene encoding catalase, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was uncovered as a relevant regulator of longevity and of liver metabolism. Mice lacking catalase (Cat-/-) fed ad libitum with a regular diet showed a shorter lifespan than wild type mice, which correlated with reduced body weight, blood glucose levels and liver fat accumulation, but not with increased oxidative damage or consistent premature aging. High fat diet (HFD) and fasting increased oxidative damage in the liver of wild type animals but, unexpectedly, this was not the case for that of Cat-/- mice. Interestingly, although HFD feeding similarly increased the body weight of Cat-/- and wild-type mice, hyperglycemia and liver steatosis did not develop in the former. Fat accumulation due to fasting, on the other hand, was diminished in mice lacking catalase, which correlated with increased risk of death and low ketone body blood levels. Alteration in expression of some metabolic genes in livers of catalase deficient mice was consistent with reduced lipogenesis. Specifically, Pparγ2 expression up-regulation in response to a HFD and down-regulation upon fasting was lower and higher, respectively, in livers of Cat-/- than of wild type mice, and a marked decay was observed during Cat-/- mice aging. We propose that catalase regulates lipid metabolism in the liver by an evolutionary conserved mechanism that is determinant of lifespan without affecting general oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Raúl Pérez-Estrada
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | - David Hernández-García
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | - Francisco Leyva-Castro
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | - Javier Ramos-León
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | - Osiris Cuevas-Benítez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Díaz-Muñoz
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | - Susana Castro-Obregón
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | | | - Celina García
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | - Luis Covarrubias
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Luo Y, Ye S, Li X, Lu W. Emerging Structure-Function Paradigm of Endocrine FGFs in Metabolic Diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:142-153. [PMID: 30616873 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine fibroblast growth factors (eFGFs) control pathways that are crucial for maintaining metabolic homeostasis of lipids, glucose, energy, bile acids, and minerals. Unlike the heparin-binding paracrine FGFs, eFGFs require a unique Klotho family protein to form a productive triad complex, but the structural and mechanistical details of this complex have remained obscure since the beginning of the eFGF field. However, recent breakthroughs in resolving the 3D structures of eFGF signaling complexes have now unveiled the atomic details of multivalent interactions among eFGF, FGFR, and Klotho. We provide here a timely review on the architecture and the structure-function relationships of these complexes, and highlight how the structural knowledge opens a new door to structure-based drug design against a repertoire of eFGF-associated metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongde Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Center for Cancer and Metabolism Research, Institute for Life Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Proteomics and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Current address: Centeer BioTherapeutics Ltd Co., Houston, TX 77021, USA.
| | - Sheng Ye
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Huangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Center for Cancer and Metabolism Research, Institute for Life Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
| | - Weiqin Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tang MJ, Su J, Xu TL, Wang X, Zhang DM, Wang XH. Serum fibroblast growth factor 19 and endogenous islet beta cell function in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:79. [PMID: 31572498 PMCID: PMC6760053 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) takes part in maintaining the balance of glycolipids and may be involved in regulating the secretory activity of islet beta cells in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the levels of serum FGF19 and endogenous islet beta cell function in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS Samples were obtained from 271 subjects: 85 drug-naïve type 2 diabetes participants exclusively on lifestyle intervention (N-DM group), 122 type 2 diabetes subjects previously used medications (DM group) and 64 normal controls (NC group). Serum FGF19 concentrations were measured by ELISA. The insulin sensitivity (MI), insulin secretion (AUCins/AUCglu) and insulin secretion-sensitivity index-2 (ISSI-2) were also measured in the N-DM and DM. RESULTS Serum FGF19 levels decreased, in order, from the NC group [median (interquartile range), 245.03 (126.23-317.43) pg/mL] to the N-DM group [170.05 (89.01-244.70) pg/mL] and, finally, to the DM group [142.25 (55.55-187.58) pg/mL] (p for trend < 0.05). Among subjects in the DM group, there was a positive trend in the serum FGF19 concentration; plasma insulin levels at 60 min, 120 min (INS60, INS120, respectively); and area under the insulin curve (AUCins) at two points (r = 0.214, p = 0.025; r = 0.189, p = 0.048; r = 0.188, p = 0.049). However, the differences were no longer observed among the N-DM subjects. Simultaneously, the ISSI-2 was closely related to the serum FGF19 levels (r = 0.297, p = 0.002) among DM subjects. Furthermore, after adjusting for age, sex, duration, therapy and other clinical factors via multiple logistic regression analysis, ISSI-2 was a key independent factor in the levels of FGF19 (β = 0.281, t = 2.557, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS The serum FGF19 level has a close relation with endogenous beta cell function among DM subjects, as assessed by the ISSI-2. As ISSI-2 is higher in N-DM group, FGF19 may be a main protector in dysfunction of beta cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-jie Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 North Hai-er-xiang Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Jian‑bin Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 North Hai-er-xiang Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Tian-li Xu
- Medical College of Nantong University, No. 19 Qi-xiu Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Xue‑qin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 North Hai-er-xiang Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Dong-mei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 North Hai-er-xiang Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Xiao-hua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 North Hai-er-xiang Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| |
Collapse
|