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Ringo RS, Choonnasard A, Okabayashi T, Saito A. Conserved Antagonization of Type I Interferon Signaling by Arterivirus GP5 Proteins. Viruses 2024; 16:1240. [PMID: 39205214 PMCID: PMC11358952 DOI: 10.3390/v16081240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Arteriviruses can establish persistent infections in animals such as equids, pigs, nonhuman primates, rodents, and possums. Some Arteriviruses can even cause overt and severe diseases such as Equine Arteritis in horses and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome in pigs, leading to huge economic losses. Arteriviruses have evolved viral proteins to antagonize the host cell's innate immune responses by inhibiting type I interferon (IFN) signaling, assisting viral evasion and persistent infection. So far, the role of the Arterivirus glycoprotein 5 (GP5) protein in IFN signaling inhibition remains unclear. Here, we investigated the inhibitory activity of 47 Arterivirus GP5 proteins derived from various hosts. We demonstrated that all GP5 proteins showed conserved activity for antagonizing TIR-domain-containing adapter proteins inducing interferon-β (TRIF)-mediated IFN-β signaling through TRIF degradation. In addition, Arterivirus GP5 proteins showed a conserved inhibitory activity against IFN-β signaling, induced by either pig or human TRIF. Furthermore, certain Arterivirus GP5 proteins could inhibit the induction of IFN-stimulated genes. These findings highlight the role of Arterivirus GP5 proteins in supporting persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rissar Siringo Ringo
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (R.S.R.); (A.C.); (T.O.)
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Amonrat Choonnasard
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (R.S.R.); (A.C.); (T.O.)
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Tamaki Okabayashi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (R.S.R.); (A.C.); (T.O.)
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Saito
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (R.S.R.); (A.C.); (T.O.)
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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2
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Flies AS, Flies EJ, Fountain-Jones NM, Musgrove RE, Hamede RK, Philips A, Perrott MRF, Dunowska M. Wildlife nidoviruses: biology, epidemiology, and disease associations of selected nidoviruses of mammals and reptiles. mBio 2023; 14:e0071523. [PMID: 37439571 PMCID: PMC10470586 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00715-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Wildlife is the source of many emerging infectious diseases. Several viruses from the order Nidovirales have recently emerged in wildlife, sometimes with severe consequences for endangered species. The order Nidovirales is currently classified into eight suborders, three of which contain viruses of vertebrates. Vertebrate coronaviruses (suborder Cornidovirineae) have been extensively studied, yet the other major suborders have received less attention. The aim of this minireview was to summarize the key findings from the published literature on nidoviruses of vertebrate wildlife from two suborders: Arnidovirineae and Tornidovirineae. These viruses were identified either during investigations of disease outbreaks or through molecular surveys of wildlife viromes, and include pathogens of reptiles and mammals. The available data on key biological features, disease associations, and pathology are presented, in addition to data on the frequency of infections among various host populations, and putative routes of transmission. While nidoviruses discussed here appear to have a restricted in vivo host range, little is known about their natural life cycle. Observational field-based studies outside of the mortality events are needed to facilitate an understanding of the virus-host-environment interactions that lead to the outbreaks. Laboratory-based studies are needed to understand the pathogenesis of diseases caused by novel nidoviruses and their evolutionary histories. Barriers preventing research progress include limited funding and the unavailability of virus- and host-specific reagents. To reduce mortalities in wildlife and further population declines, proactive development of expertise, technologies, and networks should be developed. These steps would enable effective management of future outbreaks and support wildlife conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Flies
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Emily J. Flies
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Healthy Landscapes Research Group, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Ruth E. Musgrove
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Rodrigo K. Hamede
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Annie Philips
- Natural Resources and Environment Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Magdalena Dunowska
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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3
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Zhou Z, Qiu Y, Ge X. The taxonomy, host range and pathogenicity of coronaviruses and other viruses in the Nidovirales order. ANIMAL DISEASES 2021; 1:5. [PMID: 34778878 PMCID: PMC8062217 DOI: 10.1186/s44149-021-00005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequent emergence of coronavirus (CoV) epidemics has seriously threatened public health and stock farming. The major hosts for CoVs are birds and mammals. Although most CoVs inhabit their specific natural hosts, some may occasionally cross the host barrier to infect livestock and even people, causing a variety of diseases. Since the beginning of the new century, increasing attention has been given to research on CoVs due to the emergence of highly pathogenic and genetically diverse CoVs that have caused several epidemics, including the recent COVID-19 pandemic. CoVs belong to the Coronaviridae family of the Nidovirales order. Recently, advanced techniques for viral detection and viral genome analyses have enabled characterization of many new nidoviruses than ever and have greatly expanded the Nidovirales order with new classification and nomenclature. Here, we first provide an overview of the latest research progress in the classification of the Nidovirales order and then introduce the host range, genetic variation, genomic pattern and pathogenic features of epidemic CoVs and other epidemic viruses. This information will promote understanding of the phylogenetic relationship and infectious transmission of various pathogenic nidoviruses, including epidemic CoVs, which will benefit virological research and viral disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, Hunan University, 27 Tianma Rd., Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Ye Qiu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, Hunan University, 27 Tianma Rd., Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xingyi Ge
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, Hunan University, 27 Tianma Rd., Changsha, Hunan China
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Dastjerdi A, Inglese N, Partridge T, Karuna S, Everest DJ, Frossard JP, Dagleish MP, Stidworthy MF. Novel Arterivirus Associated with Outbreak of Fatal Encephalitis in European Hedgehogs, England, 2019. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:578-581. [PMID: 33496231 PMCID: PMC7853545 DOI: 10.3201/eid2702.201962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the fall of 2019, a fatal encephalitis outbreak led to the deaths of >200 European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) in England. We used next-generation sequencing to identify a novel arterivirus with a genome coding sequence of only 43% similarity to existing GenBank arterivirus sequences.
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Harima H, Sasaki M, Kajihara M, Mori-Kajihara A, Hang'ombe BM, Changula K, Orba Y, Ogawa H, Simuunza M, Yoshida R, Mweene A, Takada A, Sawa H. Detection of novel orthoreovirus genomes in shrew (Crocidura hirta) and fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus). J Vet Med Sci 2019; 82:162-167. [PMID: 31866632 PMCID: PMC7041985 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthoreoviruses have been indentified in several mammals, however, there is no
information about orthoreoviruses in shrews. In this study, we screened wild animals in
Zambia, including shrews, rodents, and bats for the detection of orthoreoviruses. Two
orthoreovirus RNA genomes were detected from a shrew intestinal-contents (1/24) and a bat
colon (1/96) sample by reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR targeting the RNA-dependent RNA
polymerase gene of orthoreoviruses. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that each of the
identified orthoreoviruses formed a distinct branch among members of the
Orthoreovirus genus. This is the first report that shrews are
susceptible to orthoreovirus infection. Our results suggest the existence of undiscovered
orthoreoviruses in shrews and provide important information about the genetic diversity of
orthoreoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Harima
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Akina Mori-Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Para-clinical studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Katendi Changula
- Department of Para-clinical studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirohito Ogawa
- Department of Virology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Martin Simuunza
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Reiko Yoshida
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Aaron Mweene
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.,Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.,Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.,Global Virus Network, 725 West Lombard St, Room S413, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Li Y, Firth AE, Brierley I, Cai Y, Napthine S, Wang T, Yan X, Kuhn JH, Fang Y. Programmed -2/-1 Ribosomal Frameshifting in Simarteriviruses: an Evolutionarily Conserved Mechanism. J Virol 2019; 93:e00370-19. [PMID: 31167906 PMCID: PMC6675879 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00370-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The -2/-1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (-2/-1 PRF) mechanism in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) leads to the translation of two additional viral proteins, nonstructural protein 2TF (nsp2TF) and nsp2N. This -2/-1 PRF mechanism is transactivated by a viral protein, nsp1β, and cellular poly(rC) binding proteins (PCBPs). Critical elements for -2/-1 PRF, including a slippery sequence and a downstream C-rich motif, were also identified in 11 simarteriviruses. However, the slippery sequences (XXXUCUCU instead of XXXUUUUU) in seven simarteriviruses can only facilitate -2 PRF to generate nsp2TF. The nsp1β of simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV) was identified as a key factor that transactivates both -2 and -1 PRF, and the universally conserved Tyr111 and Arg114 in nsp1β are essential for this activity. In vitro translation experiments demonstrated the involvement of PCBPs in simarterivirus -2/-1 PRF. Using SHFV reverse genetics, we confirmed critical roles of nsp1β, slippery sequence, and C-rich motif in -2/-1 PRF in SHFV-infected cells. Attenuated virus growth ability was observed in SHFV mutants with impaired expression of nsp2TF and nsp2N. Comparative genomic sequence analysis showed that key elements of -2/-1 PRF are highly conserved in all known arteriviruses except equine arteritis virus (EAV) and wobbly possum disease virus (WPDV). Furthermore, -2/-1 PRF with SHFV PRF signal RNA can be stimulated by heterotypic nsp1βs of all non-EAV arteriviruses tested. Taken together, these data suggest that -2/-1 PRF is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism employed in non-EAV/-WPDV arteriviruses for the expression of additional viral proteins that are important for viral replication.IMPORTANCE Simarteriviruses are a group of arteriviruses infecting nonhuman primates, and a number of new species have been established in recent years. Although these arteriviruses are widely distributed among African nonhuman primates of different species, and some of them cause lethal hemorrhagic fever disease, this group of viruses has been undercharacterized. Since wild nonhuman primates are historically important sources or reservoirs of human pathogens, there is concern that simarteriviruses may be preemergent zoonotic pathogens. Thus, molecular characterization of simarteriviruses is becoming a priority in arterivirology. In this study, we demonstrated that an evolutionarily conserved ribosomal frameshifting mechanism is used by simarteriviruses and other distantly related arteriviruses for the expression of additional viral proteins. This mechanism is unprecedented in eukaryotic systems. Given the crucial role of ribosome function in all living systems, the potential impact of the in-depth characterization of this novel mechanism reaches beyond the field of virology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Li
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew E Firth
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Brierley
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yingyun Cai
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Sawsan Napthine
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Yan
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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Liu M, Chimtali PJ, Huang XB, Zhang RB. Structures and dynamic properties of the LiPF 6 electrolytic solution under electric fields - a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13186-13193. [PMID: 31172997 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00561g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated carbonates have attracted increasing attention in high-voltage lithium ion battery applications. Under free and electric fields, their structure-related solvent dynamic properties such as charge and discharge rate, however, are rarely reported. Herein, solutions including linear fluorinated carbonates have been simulated using joint MD/DFT calculations. For the first time, the dielectric constants of the four pure fluorinated carbonates have been predicted to be ca. 5.4 (4: ethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl carbonate)-12.1 (7: di-1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl carbonate), which are dependent on the number of fluorine atoms. Minor difference in the solvation free energies and few contact ion associations were observed in the ETFEC and DTFEC solvents. Their comparable viscosity values were found through calculations of ion diffusivity and conductivity. In the electric fields, the Li+ mobilities in the two solutions have similar values, showing that the dynamic properties of the electrolytic solutions are almost independent of the number of fluorine atoms on these carbonates. There emerges an oriented and ordered arrangement of the solvent molecules and thus the largely decreased dielectric constants under the electric fields, even though the field strength is very low. These interesting phenomena should be relevant in the formation of contact and aggregate ion pairs, leading to unexpected reduction of the charge-discharge rate-related ion mobility in mixed solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, South Street No. 5, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, 100081 Beijing, China.
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