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Lee WS, Shin JS, Jang SY, Chung KS, Kim SD, Cho CW, Hong HD, Rhee YK, Lee KT. Anti-Metastatic Effects of Standardized Polysaccharide Fraction from Diospyros kaki Leaves via GSK3β/β-Catenin and JNK Inactivation in Human Colon Cancer Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1275. [PMID: 38732748 PMCID: PMC11085380 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A polysaccharide fraction from Diospyros kaki (PLE0) leaves was previously reported to possess immunostimulatory, anti-osteoporotic, and TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition inhibitory activities. Although a few beneficial effects against colon cancer metastasis have been reported, we aimed to investigate the anti-metastatic activity of PLE0 and its underlying molecular mechanisms in HT-29 and HCT-116 human colon cancer cells. We conducted a wound-healing assay, invasion assay, qRT-PCR analysis, western blot analysis, gelatin zymography, luciferase assay, and small interfering RNA gene silencing in colon cancer cells. PLE0 concentration-dependently inhibited metastasis by suppressing cell migration and invasion. The suppression of N-cadherin and vimentin expression as well as upregulation of E-cadherin through the reduction of p-GSK3β and β-catenin levels resulted in the outcome of this effect. PLE0 also suppressed the expression and enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, while simultaneously increasing the protein and mRNA levels of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1). Furthermore, signaling data disclosed that PLE0 suppressed the transcriptional activity and phosphorylation of p65 (a subunit of NF-κB), as well as the phosphorylation of c-Jun and c-Fos (subunits of AP-1) pathway. PLE0 markedly suppressed JNK phosphorylation, and JNK knockdown significantly restored PLE0-regulated MMP-2/-9 and TIMP-1 expression. Collectively, our data indicate that PLE0 exerts an anti-metastatic effect in human colon cancer cells by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and MMP-2/9 via downregulation of GSK3β/β-catenin and JNK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Seok Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (W.-S.L.); (J.-S.S.); (S.-Y.J.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (W.-S.L.); (J.-S.S.); (S.-Y.J.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Hwaseong-si 18450, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Yun Jang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (W.-S.L.); (J.-S.S.); (S.-Y.J.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (W.-S.L.); (J.-S.S.); (S.-Y.J.); (K.-S.C.)
| | - Soo-Dong Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chang-Won Cho
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (C.-W.C.); (H.-D.H.); (Y.K.R.)
| | - Hee-Do Hong
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (C.-W.C.); (H.-D.H.); (Y.K.R.)
| | - Young Kyoung Rhee
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (C.-W.C.); (H.-D.H.); (Y.K.R.)
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (W.-S.L.); (J.-S.S.); (S.-Y.J.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Shi J, Yang X, Kang Q, Lu J, Denzinger M, Kornmann M, Traub B. JNK inhibitor IX restrains pancreatic cancer through p53 and p21. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1006131. [PMID: 36568248 PMCID: PMC9768178 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1006131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel treatment options for pancreatic cancer are desperately needed. De-regulated kinases can be regularly detected in pancreatic cancer. Multiple pathway inhibitors were developed to exploit these features, among them selective inhibitors of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase isoforms 1 and 2 (JNK1 and 2). We evaluated the effectiveness of four different JNK inhibitors on pancreatic cancer cell lines. Cell mobility and migration were evaluated in scratch assay and Boyden chamber assay. Mechanism of cell death was analyzed via apoptosis assays in FACS and immunoblotting as well as cell cycle analysis via FACS, and qPCR. JNK2 knockout cells were generated using siRNA transfection. Among the inhibitors, JNK inhibitor IX (JNK-in-IX), designed as specific inhibitor against JNK2 was proven highly effective in inhibiting cell growth, mobility and migration. We were able to show that JNK-in-IX caused DNA damage resulting in G2 arrest mediated through p53 and p21. Interestingly, JNK-in-IX acted independently of its primary target JNK2. In summary, JNK-in-IX was shown highly effective in pancreatic cancer. This study underlines the need for modeling systems in testing therapeutic options as JNK2 was previously not indicated as a potential target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China,Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Qi Kang
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maximilian Denzinger
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marko Kornmann
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benno Traub
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany,*Correspondence: Benno Traub,
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Bacolod MD, Barany F. A Unified Transcriptional, Pharmacogenomic, and Gene Dependency Approach to Decipher the Biology, Diagnostic Markers, and Therapeutic Targets Associated with Prostate Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205158. [PMID: 34680307 PMCID: PMC8534121 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This manuscript demonstrates how integrated bioinformatic and statistical reanalysis of publicly available genomic datasets can be utilized to identify molecular pathways and biomarkers that may be clinically relevant to metastatic prostate cancer (mPrCa) progression. The most notable observation is that the transition from primary prostate cancer to mPrCa is characterized by upregulation of processes associated with DNA replication, metastasis, and events regulated by the serine/threonine kinase PLK1. Moreover, our analysis also identified over-expressed genes that may be exploited for potential targeted therapeutics and minimally invasive diagnostics and monitoring of mPrCa. The primary data analyzed were two transcriptional datasets for tissues derived from normal prostate, primary prostate cancer, and mPrCa. Also incorporated in the analysis were the transcriptional, gene dependency, and drug response data for hundreds of cell lines, including those derived from prostate cancer tissues. Abstract Our understanding of metastatic prostate cancer (mPrCa) has dramatically advanced during the genomics era. Nonetheless, many aspects of the disease may still be uncovered through reanalysis of public datasets. We integrated the expression datasets for 209 PrCa tissues (metastasis, primary, normal) with expression, gene dependency (GD) (from CRISPR/cas9 screen), and drug viability data for hundreds of cancer lines (including PrCa). Comparative statistical and pathways analyses and functional annotations (available inhibitors, protein localization) revealed relevant pathways and potential (and previously reported) protein markers for minimally invasive mPrCa diagnostics. The transition from localized to mPrCa involved the upregulation of DNA replication, mitosis, and PLK1-mediated events. Genes highly upregulated in mPrCa and with very high average GD (~1) are potential therapeutic targets. We showed that fostamatinib (which can target PLK1 and other over-expressed serine/threonine kinases such as AURKA, MELK, NEK2, and TTK) is more active against cancer lines with more pronounced signatures of invasion (e.g., extracellular matrix organization/degradation). Furthermore, we identified surface-bound (e.g., ADAM15, CD276, ABCC5, CD36, NRP1, SCARB1) and likely secreted proteins (e.g., APLN, ANGPT2, CTHRC1, ADAM12) that are potential mPrCa diagnostic markers. Overall, we demonstrated that comprehensive analyses of public genomics data could reveal potentially clinically relevant information regarding mPrCa.
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Xia P, Liang J, Jin D, Jin Z. Reversine inhibits proliferation, invasion and migration and induces cell apoptosis in gastric cancer cells by downregulating TTK. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:929. [PMID: 34306198 PMCID: PMC8281506 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversine (Rev) has been used for the treatment of a number of cancers. However, there have been no previous reports for the use of Rev for gastric cancer (GC). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Rev on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and cell apoptosis in human GC cells and TTK expression. Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation were used to assess cell proliferation. Wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to examine cell migration and invasion, respectively. Cell apoptosis was measured using TUNEL staining and western blotting. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were performed to determine TTK expression in AGS and NCI-N87 GC cells. Rev treatment inhibited the viability of the two GC cells lines in a dose-dependent manner and suppressed their capacities of clone formation, migration and invasion. Rev-treated cells exhibited reduced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2/9 expression and increased apoptosis compared with those in control cells. In addition, expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was significantly decreased, whilst the expression levels of the pro-apoptotic factors Bax and cleaved-caspase-3/9 were increased by Rev treatment compared with that in the control group that were not treated with Rev. In addition, TTK protein expression was decreased in cells treated with Rev compared with that in untreated cells. However, overexpression of TTK significantly reversed the aforementioned effects of Rev in GC cells. These results suggest that Rev may inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of GC cells whilst inducing cell apoptosis by suppressing TTK expression. Therefore, Rev may confer potential properties as a therapeutic anti-cancer agent. Additionally, TTK may serve as a molecular target for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xia
- Department of Liver-Gallbladder and Gastric Diseases, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China
| | - Jin Liang
- Department of Liver-Gallbladder and Gastric Diseases, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China
| | - Di Jin
- Department of Liver-Gallbladder and Gastric Diseases, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China
| | - Zhanyong Jin
- Department of Liver-Gallbladder and Gastric Diseases, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China
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Lin HH, Robertson KL, Bisbee HA, Farkas ME. Oncogenic and Circadian Effects of Small Molecules Directly and Indirectly Targeting the Core Circadian Clock. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 19:1534735420924094. [PMID: 32493076 PMCID: PMC7273620 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420924094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are essential for controlling the cell cycle, cellular
proliferation, and apoptosis, and hence are tightly linked to cell fate. Several
recent studies have used small molecules to affect circadian oscillations;
however, their concomitant cellular effects were not assessed, and they have not
been compared under similar experimental conditions. In this work, we use five
molecules, grouped into direct versus indirect effectors of the circadian clock,
to modulate periods in a human osteosarcoma cell line (U2OS) and determine their
influences on cellular behaviors, including motility and colony formation.
Luciferase reporters, whose expression was driven via Bmal1- or
Per2-promoters, were used to facilitate the visualization
and quantitative analysis of circadian oscillations. We show that all molecules
increase or decrease the circadian periods of Bmal1 and
Per2 in a dose-dependent manner, but period length does not
correlate with the extent of cell migration or proliferation. Nonetheless,
molecules that affected circadian oscillations to a greater degree resulted in
substantial influence on cellular behaviors (ie, motility and colony formation),
which may also be attributable to noncircadian targets. Furthermore, we find
that the ability and extent to which the molecules are able to affect
oscillations is independent of whether they are direct or indirect modulators.
Because of the numerous connections and feedback between the circadian clock and
other pathways, it is important to consider the effects of both in assessing
these and other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hsien Lin
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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Benoit B, Baillet A, Poüs C. Cytoskeleton and Associated Proteins: Pleiotropic JNK Substrates and Regulators. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8375. [PMID: 34445080 PMCID: PMC8395060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review extensively reports data from the literature concerning the complex relationships between the stress-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and the four main cytoskeleton elements, which are actin filaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments, and septins. To a lesser extent, we also focused on the two membrane-associated cytoskeletons spectrin and ESCRT-III. We gather the mechanisms controlling cytoskeleton-associated JNK activation and the known cytoskeleton-related substrates directly phosphorylated by JNK. We also point out specific locations of the JNK upstream regulators at cytoskeletal components. We finally compile available techniques and tools that could allow a better characterization of the interplay between the different types of cytoskeleton filaments upon JNK-mediated stress and during development. This overview may bring new important information for applied medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Benoit
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR-S-1193, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Anita Baillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR-S-1193, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Christian Poüs
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR-S-1193, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (A.B.); (C.P.)
- Biochimie-Hormonologie, AP-HP Université Paris-Saclay, Site Antoine Béclère, 157 Rue de la Porte de Trivaux, 92141 Clamart, France
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Hirakata C, Lima K, De Almeida BO, De Miranda LBL, Florêncio KGD, Furtado LC, Costa-Lotufo LV, Machado-Neto JA. Targeting glioma cells by antineoplastic activity of reversine. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:610. [PMID: 34188712 PMCID: PMC8227489 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common type of primary central nervous system tumors and despite great advances in understanding the molecular basis of the disease very few new therapies have been developed. Reversine, a synthetic purine analog, is a multikinase inhibitor that targets aurora kinase A (AURKA) and aurora kinase B (AURKB). In gliomas, a high expression of AURKA or AURKB is associated with a malignant phenotype and a poor prognosis. The present study investigated reversine-related cellular and molecular antiglioma effects in HOG, T98G and U251MG cell lines. Gene and protein expression were assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. For functional assays, human glioma cell lines (HOG, T98G and U251MG) were exposed to increasing concentrations of reversine (0.4–50 µM) and subjected to various cellular and molecular assays. Reversine reduced the viability and clonogenicity in a dose- and/or time-dependent manner in all glioma cells, with HOG (high AURKB-expression) and T98G (high AURKA-expression) cells being more sensitive compared with U251MG cells (low AURKA- and AURKB-expression). Notably, HOG cells presented higher levels of polyploidy, while T98G presented multiple mitotic spindles, which is consistent with the main regulatory functions of AURKB and AURKA, respectively. In molecular assays, reversine reduced AURKA and/or AURKB expression/activity and increased DNA damage and apoptosis markers, but autophagy-related proteins were not modulated. In conclusion, reversine potently induced mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis in glioma cells and higher basal levels of aurora kinases and genes responsive to DNA damage and may predict improved antiglioma responses to the drug. Reversine may be a potential novel drug in the antineoplastic arsenal against gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Hirakata
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Keli Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Bruna Oliveira De Almeida
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Lívia Bassani Lins De Miranda
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Katharine Gurgel Dias Florêncio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Luciana Costa Furtado
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Leticia Veras Costa-Lotufo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
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Multiple functions of reversine on the biological characteristics of sheep fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12365. [PMID: 34117304 PMCID: PMC8196188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91468-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous reports have demonstrated that Reversine can reverse differentiation of lineage-committed cells to mesenchymal stem cells and suppress tumors growth. However, the molecular mechanisms of antitumor activity and promoting cellular dedifferentiation for reversine have not yet been clearly elucidated. In the present study, it was demonstrated that reversine of 5 μM could induce multinucleated cells through cytokinesis failure rather than just arrested in G2 or M phase. Moreover, reversine reversed the differentiation of sheep fibroblasts into MSC-like style, and notably increased the expression of pluripotent marker genes Oct4 and MSCs-related surface antigens. The fibroblasts treated with reversine could transdifferentiate into all three germ layers cells in vitro. Most importantly, the induced β-like cells and hepatocytes had similar metabolic functions with normal cells in vivo. In addition, reversine promoted fibroblasts autophagy, ROS accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis via the mitochondria mediated intrinsic pathway. The results of high-throughput RNA sequencing showed that most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in Mismatch repair, Nucleotide excision repair and Base excision repair were significantly up-regulated in reversine treated fibroblasts, which means that high concentration of reversine will cause DNA damage and activate the DNA repair mechanism. In summary, reversine can increase the plasticity of sheep fibroblasts and suppress cell growth via the mitochondria mediated intrinsic pathway.
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Zhang T, Li Y, Song Y, Chen X, Li J, Peng Q, He J, Fei X. Curcumin- and Cyclopamine-Loaded Liposomes to Enhance Therapeutic Efficacy Against Hepatic Fibrosis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:5667-5678. [PMID: 33380787 PMCID: PMC7767702 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s287442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hepatic fibrosis is a public health problem characterized by activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which triggers excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM). Inhibition of HSC activation may be an effective treatment. Since various pathways control HSC activation, a combination of drugs with different mechanisms may be more effective than monotherapy. METHODS Here, we prepared liposomes loaded with curcumin and cyclopamine to inhibit HSC activation. We systematically analyzed the physicochemical characteristics of liposomes loaded with the two drugs, as well as their effects on HSC proliferation, activation and collagen production on gene, protein and cellular levels. RESULTS The prepared liposomes helped solubilize both drugs, contributing to their uptake by cells. Liposomes loaded with both drugs inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as induced more apoptosis and perturbed the cell cycle more than the free combination of both drugs in solution or liposomes loaded with either drug alone. Liposomes loaded with both drugs strongly suppressed HSC activation and collagen secretion. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that liposome encapsulation can increase the uptake of curcumin and cyclopamine as well as the synergism between them in anti-fibrosis. This approach shows potential for treating hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanping Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshuang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhan He
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofan Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
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Liu J, Wang F, Weng Z, Sui X, Fang Y, Tang X, Shen X. Soybean-derived miRNAs specifically inhibit proliferation and stimulate apoptosis of human colonic Caco-2 cancer cells but not normal mucosal cells in culture. Genomics 2020; 112:2949-2958. [PMID: 32407773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression in eukaryotes. Studies have shown that plant-derived miRNAs can be absorbed through diets and regulate gene expression in mammals. Although soybean-derived miRNAs have been reported, their biological functions are still unclear. In this study, we found that soybean-derived small RNAs (sRNAs) significantly inhibited the proliferation and stimulated the apoptosis of Caco-2 cells. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the target gene set of soybean miRNAs was extensively enriched in cancer pathways. Besides, we obtained 8 target genes, including Transcription factor 7 (TCF7), associated with colon cancer through prediction. Further studies showed that gma-miR159a inhibited the proliferation of Caco-2 cells and played an important role in the inhibitory effect of sRNAs by inhibiting TCF7 protein, which are upregulated in colon cancer cells but not normal mucosal cells in culture. These findings provide a novel molecular mechanism of soybean-derived miRNAs for potential application in tumor prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Zebin Weng
- Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaonan Sui
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yong Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xiaozhi Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xinchun Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210046, China.
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Carlos JAEG, Lima K, Coelho-Silva JL, de Melo Alves-Paiva R, Moreno NC, Vicari HP, de Souza Santos FP, Hamerschlak N, Costa-Lotufo LV, Traina F, Machado-Neto JA. Reversine exerts cytotoxic effects through multiple cell death mechanisms in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:1191-1201. [PMID: 32857324 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive hematological cancer with limited therapeutic options for adult patients. Aurora kinases have drawn attention as potential targets in hematological neoplasms due to their high expression and biological functions. Aurora kinase A (AURKA) and AURKB are essential for a successful mitosis, acting in spindle mitotic organization and cytokinesis. Reversine is a synthetic purine analog that acts as a multi-kinase inhibitor with anti-neoplastic activity by targeting AURKA and AURKB. METHODS ALL patient gene expression data were retrieved from the Amazonia! DATABASE For functional assays, Jurkat (T-ALL) and Namalwa (B-ALL) cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of reversine and submitted to various cellular and molecular assays. RESULTS We found that AURKB expression was higher in ALL patient samples compared to normal lymphocytes (p < 0.0001). The ALL cell lines tested displayed aberrant AURKA and AURKB expression. In Jurkat and Namalwa cells, reversine reduced cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Reversine also significantly reduced the viability of primary ALL cells. Reversine induced apoptosis and autophagy, and reduced cell proliferation in both cell lines (p < 0.05). Mitotic catastrophe markers, including cell cycle arrest at G2/M, increased cell size and DNA damage, were observed upon reversine exposure. Short- and long-term treatment with reversine inhibited autonomous clonogenicity (p < 0.05). At the molecular level, reversine reduced AURKB activity, induced SQSTM1/p62 consumption, and increased LC3BII and γ-H2AX levels. In Namalwa cells, reversine modulated 25 out of 84 autophagy-related genes, including BCL2, BAD, ULK1, ATG10, IRGM and MAP1LC3B, which indicates that reversine acts by initiating and sustaining autophagy signals in ALL cells. CONCLUSIONS From our data we conclude that reversine reduces the viability of ALL cells by triggering multiple cell death mechanisms, including apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe, and autophagy. Our findings highlight reversine as a potential anticancer agent for ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Antonio Elias Godoy Carlos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Keli Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Juan Luiz Coelho-Silva
- Department of Medical Images, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Natália Cestari Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hugo Passos Vicari
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | | | - Nelson Hamerschlak
- Einstein's Teaching and Research Institute, Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leticia Veras Costa-Lotufo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Traina
- Department of Medical Images, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil.
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Lei Y, Yuan H, Gai L, Wu X, Luo Z. Uncovering Active Ingredients and Mechanisms of Spica Prunellae in the Treatment of Colon Adenocarcinoma: A Study Based on Network Pharmacology and Bioinformatics. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 24:306-318. [PMID: 32748741 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323999200730210536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a well-known herb used in the treatment of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), Spica Prunellae (SP) shows favorable clinical effect and safety in China for many years, but its active ingredients and therapeutic mechanisms against COAD remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to uncover active ingredients and mechanisms of SP in the treatment of COAD using a combined approach of network pharmacology and bioinformatics. METHODS A comprehensive approach mainly comprised of target prediction, network construction, pathway and functional enrichment analysis, and hub genes verification was adopted in the current study. RESULTS We collected 102 compounds-related genes and 3549 differently expressed genes (DEGs) following treatment with SP, and 64 disease-drug target genes between them were recognized. In addition, a total of 25 active ingredients in SP were identified. Pathway and functional enrichment analyses suggested that the mechanisms of SP against COAD might be to induce apoptosis of colon cancer cells by regulating PI3K-Akt and TNF signaling pathways. Recognition of hub genes and core functional modules was performed by constructing protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, from which TP53, MYC, MAPK8 and CASP3 were found as the hub target genes that might play an important part in therapy for COAD. Subsequently we further compared the differential expression level and assessed the prognostic value of these four hub genes. These result of verification suggested that SP exerted therapeutic effects against COAD via a PPI network involving TP53, MYC, MAPK8 and CASP3. CONCLUSION In this study, active ingredients and mechanisms of SP in the treatment of COAD were systematically discussed, which provided the foundation for further experimental studies and might act to promote its appropriate clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Liyue Gai
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Xuelian Wu
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Zhixiao Luo
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Yan L, You WQ, Sheng NQ, Gong JF, Hu LD, Tan GW, Chen HQ, Wang ZG. A CREB1/miR-433 reciprocal feedback loop modulates proliferation and metastasis in colorectal cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:3774-3793. [PMID: 30523220 PMCID: PMC6326693 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has indicated the prognostic value of miR-433 across a series of malignancy types. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in cancer progression haven’t been sufficiently elucidated. In the present work, we found that miR-433 was downregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR-433 obviously suppressed the proliferation, invasion and metastasis activity of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. CREB1, CCAR1 and JNK1 were highly expressed and negatively correlated with miR-433 expression in CRC. CRC patients with higher expression of CREB1, CCAR1 or JNK1 presented a worse outcome relative to those with lower expression. CREB1 transactivated the expression of miR-433, and CREB1, CCAR1 and JNK1 simultaneously served as its targets, which in turn composed a feedback loop between CREB1 and miR-433. miR-433 blocked cell cycle progression and abolished EMT. Collectively, our study demonstrated the CREB1/miR-433 reciprocal feedback loop restrained the propagation, invasion and metastasis activities of CRC cells through abrogation of cell cycle progression and constraint of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Qiang You
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Neng-Quan Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Feng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan-Dian Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge-Wen Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Qi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Reversine exhibits antineoplastic activity in JAK2 V617F-positive myeloproliferative neoplasms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9895. [PMID: 31289316 PMCID: PMC6616334 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK2/STAT signaling participates in the Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) pathophysiology and has been targeted by ruxolitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor. In the present study, the impact of ruxolitinib treatment on cytoskeleton-related genes expression was explored. In SET2 cells, AURKA and AURKB expression/activity were downregulated in a dose- and time-dependent manner by ruxolitinib. Reversine, a multikinase inhibitor selective for aurora kinases, reduced cell viability in a dose- and/or time-dependent manner in JAK2V617F cells. Reversine significantly increased apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe, and reduced cell proliferation and clonogenic capacity in SET2 and HEL cells. In the molecular scenario, reversine induced DNA damage and apoptosis markers, as well as, reduced AURKA and AURKB expression/activity. In SET2 cells, reversine modulated the expression of 32 out of 84 apoptosis-related genes investigated, including downregulation of antiapoptotic (BCL2, BCL2L1, and BIRC5) and upregulation of proapoptotic (BIK, BINP3, and BNIP3L) genes. Synergism experiments indicated that low dose of reversine had a potentiating effect under ruxolitinib treatment at low doses in SET2 cells. In summary, our exploratory study establishes new targets, related to the regulation of the cellular cytoskeleton, for potential pharmacological intervention in MPN. These findings indicate that AURKA and AURKB participate in the JAK2/STAT signaling pathway and contribute to the MPN phenotype.
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Park YL, Ha SY, Park SY, Choi JH, Jung MW, Myung DS, Kim HS, Joo YE. Reversine induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via upregulation of the Fas and DR5 signaling pathways in human colorectal cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1875-1883. [PMID: 30864676 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversine, a 2,6‑diamino‑substituted purine analogue, has been reported to be effective in tumor suppression via induction of cell growth arrest and apoptosis of cancer cells. However, it remains unclear whether reversine exerts anticancer effects on human colorectal cancer cells. In the present study, in vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the anticancer properties of reversine in human colorectal cancer cells. The effect of reversine on human colorectal cancer cell lines, SW480 and HCT‑116, was examined using a WST‑1 cell viability assay, fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation, small interfering RNA (siRNA) and western blotting. Reversine treatment demonstrated cytotoxic activity in human colorectal cancer cells. It also induced apoptosis by activating poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase, caspase‑3, ‑7 and ‑8, and increasing the levels of the pro‑apoptotic protein second mitochondria‑derived activator of caspase/direct inhibitor of apoptosis‑binding protein with low pI. The pan‑caspase inhibitor Z‑VAD‑FMK attenuated these reversine‑induced apoptotic effects on human colorectal cancer cells. Additionally, reversine treatment induced cell cycle arrest in the subG1 and G2/M phases via increase in levels of p21, p27 and p57, and decrease in cyclin D1 levels. The expression of Fas and death receptor 5 (DR5) signaling proteins in SW480 and HCT116 cells was upregulated by reversine treatment. Reversine‑induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were suppressed by inhibition of Fas and DR5 expression via siRNA. In conclusion, Reversine treatment suppressed tumor progression by the inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis via upregulation of the Fas and DR5 signaling pathways in human colorectal cancer cells. The present study indicated that reversine may be used as a novel anticancer agent in human colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Lan Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Woo Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seong Myung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
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