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Zhu B, Edwards DJ, Spaine KM, Edupuganti L, Matveyev A, Serrano MG, Buck GA. The association of maternal factors with the neonatal microbiota and health. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5260. [PMID: 38898021 PMCID: PMC11187136 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49160-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome plays a crucial role in human health. However, the influence of maternal factors on the neonatal microbiota remains obscure. Herein, our observations suggest that the neonatal microbiotas, particularly the buccal microbiota, change rapidly within 24-48 h of birth but begin to stabilize by 48-72 h after parturition. Network analysis clustered over 200 maternal factors into thirteen distinct groups, and most associated factors were in the same group. Multiple maternal factor groups were associated with the neonatal buccal, rectal, and stool microbiotas. Particularly, a higher maternal inflammatory state and a lower maternal socioeconomic position were associated with a higher alpha diversity of the neonatal buccal microbiota and beta diversity of the neonatal stool microbiota was influenced by maternal diet and cesarean section by 24-72 h postpartum. The risk of admission of a neonate to the newborn intensive care unit was associated with preterm birth as well as higher cytokine levels and probably higher alpha diversity of the maternal buccal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Center for Microbiome Engineering and Data Analysis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - David J Edwards
- Center for Microbiome Engineering and Data Analysis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Statistical Sciences and Operations Research, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Katherine M Spaine
- Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Center for Microbiome Engineering and Data Analysis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Laahirie Edupuganti
- Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Center for Microbiome Engineering and Data Analysis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Andrey Matveyev
- Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Center for Microbiome Engineering and Data Analysis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Myrna G Serrano
- Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Center for Microbiome Engineering and Data Analysis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Gregory A Buck
- Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Engineering and Data Analysis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
- Statistical Sciences and Operations Research, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA.
- Computer Science Department, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
- Genomics Core, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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2
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McGuinness AJ, Loughman A, Foster JA, Jacka F. Mood Disorders: The Gut Bacteriome and Beyond. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:319-328. [PMID: 37661007 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the microbiome-gut-brain axis has revolutionized the field of psychiatry. It is now well recognized that the gut bacteriome is associated with, and likely influences, the pathogenesis of mental disorders, including major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. However, while substantial advances in the field of microbiome science have been made, we have likely only scratched the surface in our understanding of how these ecosystems might contribute to mental disorder pathophysiology. Beyond the gut bacteriome, research into lesser explored components of the gut microbiome, including the gut virome, mycobiome, archaeome, and parasitome, is increasingly suggesting relevance in psychiatry. The contribution of microbiomes beyond the gut, including the oral, lung, and small intestinal microbiomes, to human health and pathology should not be overlooked. Increasing both our awareness and understanding of these less traversed fields of research are critical to improving the therapeutic benefits of treatments targeting the gut microbiome, including fecal microbiome transplantation, postbiotics and biogenics, and dietary intervention. Interdisciplinary collaborations integrating systems biology approaches are required to fully elucidate how these different microbial components and distinct microbial niches interact with each other and their human hosts. Excitingly, we may be at the start of the next microbiome revolution and thus one step closer to informing the field of precision psychiatry to improve outcomes for those living with mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia J McGuinness
- Food and Mood Centre, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Amy Loughman
- Food and Mood Centre, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jane A Foster
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Felice Jacka
- Food and Mood Centre, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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3
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Guerra A. Human associated Archaea: a neglected microbiome worth investigating. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:60. [PMID: 38172371 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03842-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The majority of research in the field of human microbiota has predominantly focused on bacterial and fungal communities. Conversely, the human archaeome has received scant attention and remains poorly studied, despite its potential role in human diseases. Archaea have the capability to colonize various human body sites, including the gastrointestinal tract, skin, vagina, breast milk, colostrum, urinary tract, lungs, nasal and oral cavities. This colonization can occur through vertical transmission, facilitated by the transfer of breast milk or colostrum from mother to child, as well as through the consumption of dairy products, organic produce, salty foods, and fermented items. The involvement of these microorganisms in diseases, such as periodontitis, might be attributed to their production of toxic compounds and the detoxification of growth inhibitors for pathogens. However, the precise mechanisms through which these contributions occur remain incompletely understood, necessitating further studies to assess their impact on human health.
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4
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Zhu J, Lyu J, Zhao R, Liu G, Wang S. Gut macrobiotic and its metabolic pathways modulate cardiovascular disease. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1272479. [PMID: 37822750 PMCID: PMC10562559 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1272479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Thousands of microorganisms reside in the human gut, and extensive research has demonstrated the crucial role of the gut microbiota in overall health and maintaining homeostasis. The disruption of microbial populations, known as dysbiosis, can impair the host's metabolism and contribute to the development of various diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Furthermore, a growing body of evidence indicates that metabolites produced by the gut microbiota play a significant role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. These bioactive metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), trimethylamine (TMA), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), bile acids (BAs), and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), are implicated in conditions such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. These metabolites impact cardiovascular function through various pathways, such as altering the composition of the gut microbiota and activating specific signaling pathways. Targeting the gut microbiota and their metabolic pathways represents a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Intervention strategies, such as probiotic drug delivery and fecal transplantation, can selectively modify the composition of the gut microbiota and enhance its beneficial metabolic functions, ultimately leading to improved cardiovascular outcomes. These interventions hold the potential to reshape the gut microbial community and restore its balance, thereby promoting cardiovascular health. Harnessing the potential of these microbial metabolites through targeted interventions offers a novel avenue for tackling cardiovascular health issues. This manuscript provides an in-depth review of the recent advances in gut microbiota research and its impact on cardiovascular health and offers a promising avenue for tackling cardiovascular health issues through gut microbiome-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Wenling), Zhejiang, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Lyu
- Department of Pathology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruochi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Wenling), Zhejiang, China
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5
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Faerber V, Kuhn KS, Garneata L, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kalim S, Raj DS, Westphal M. The Microbiome and Protein Carbamylation: Potential Targets for Protein-Restricted Diets Supplemented with Ketoanalogues in Predialysis Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:3503. [PMID: 37630693 PMCID: PMC10459041 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), metabolic derangements resulting from the interplay between decreasing renal excretory capacity and impaired gut function contribute to accelerating disease progression and enhancing the risk of complications. To protect residual kidney function and improve quality of life in conservatively managed predialysis CKD patients, current guidelines recommend protein-restricted diets supplemented with essential amino acids (EAAs) and their ketoanalogues (KAs). In clinical studies, such an approach improved nitrogen balance and other secondary metabolic disturbances, translating to clinical benefits, mainly the delayed initiation of dialysis. There is also increasing evidence that a protein-restricted diet supplemented with KAs slows down disease progression. In the present review article, recent insights into the role of KA/EAA-supplemented protein-restricted diets in delaying CKD progression are summarized, and possible mechanistic underpinnings, such as protein carbamylation and gut dysbiosis, are elucidated. Emerging evidence suggests that lowering urea levels may reduce protein carbamylation, which might contribute to decreased morbidity and mortality. Protein restriction, alone or in combination with KA/EAA supplementation, modulates gut dysbiosis and decreases the generation of gut-derived uremic toxins associated, e.g., with cardiovascular disease, inflammation, protein energy wasting, and disease progression. Future studies are warranted to assess the effects on the gut microbiome, the generation of uremic toxins, as well as markers of carbamylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Faerber
- Department of Medical Scientific Affairs, Pharma and Nutrition, Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH, 61352 Bad Homburg, Germany; (K.S.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Katharina S. Kuhn
- Department of Medical Scientific Affairs, Pharma and Nutrition, Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH, 61352 Bad Homburg, Germany; (K.S.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Liliana Garneata
- “Dr. Carol Davila” Teaching Hospital of Nephrology, 4 Calea Grivitei, Sector 1, 010731 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Division of Nephrology Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine (UCI), Orange, CA 90286, USA;
| | - Sahir Kalim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Dominic S. Raj
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20037, USA;
| | - Martin Westphal
- Department of Medical Scientific Affairs, Pharma and Nutrition, Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH, 61352 Bad Homburg, Germany; (K.S.K.); (M.W.)
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6
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Belli M, Barone L, Longo S, Prandi FR, Lecis D, Mollace R, Margonato D, Muscoli S, Sergi D, Federici M, Barillà F. Gut Microbiota Composition and Cardiovascular Disease: A Potential New Therapeutic Target? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11971. [PMID: 37569352 PMCID: PMC10418329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A great deal of evidence has revealed an important link between gut microbiota and the heart. In particular, the gut microbiota plays a key role in the onset of cardiovascular (CV) disease, including heart failure (HF). In HF, splanchnic hypoperfusion causes intestinal ischemia resulting in the translocation of bacteria and their metabolites into the blood circulation. Among these metabolites, the most important is Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), which is responsible, through various mechanisms, for pathological processes in different organs and tissues. In this review, we summarise the complex interaction between gut microbiota and CV disease, particularly with respect to HF, and the possible strategies for influencing its composition and function. Finally, we highlight the potential role of TMAO as a novel prognostic marker and a new therapeutic target for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Belli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.B.)
- Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucy Barone
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.B.)
| | - Susanna Longo
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy (R.M.)
| | - Francesca Romana Prandi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.B.)
- Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dalgisio Lecis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.B.)
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy (R.M.)
- Cardiovascular Department, Humanitas Gavazzeni, 24125 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Davide Margonato
- Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Saverio Muscoli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.B.)
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.B.)
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy (R.M.)
| | - Francesco Barillà
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.B.)
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7
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Kato I, Sun J. Microbiome and Diet in Colon Cancer Development and Treatment. Cancer J 2023; 29:89-97. [PMID: 36957979 PMCID: PMC10037538 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Diet plays critical roles in defining our immune responses, microbiome, and progression of human diseases. With recent progress in sequencing and bioinformatic techniques, increasing evidence indicates the importance of diet-microbial interactions in cancer development and therapeutic outcome. Here, we focus on the epidemiological studies on diet-bacterial interactions in the colon cancer. We also review the progress of mechanistic studies using the experimental models. Finally, we discuss the limits and future directions in the research of microbiome and diet in cancer development and therapeutic outcome. Now, it is clear that microbes can influence the efficacy of cancer therapies. These research results open new possibilities for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cancer. However, there are still big gaps to apply these new findings to the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Kato
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Room 704 CSB, MC716, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, 818 S Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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8
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Zhu B, Serrano M, Buck G. The influence of maternal factors on the neonatal microbiome and health. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2485214. [PMID: 36778490 PMCID: PMC9915805 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2485214/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiome plays an essential role in human health. However, the influence of maternal factors on the neonatal microbiome remains obscure. Herein, our observations suggest that the neonatal buccal microbiome is similar to the maternal buccal microbiome, but the neonatal gastrointestinal microbiome develops a unique composition at an early stage. The low complexity of the neonatal buccal microbiome is a hallmark of maternal and neonatal health, but that of the neonatal gastrointestinal microbiome is associated with maternal inflammation-related metabolites. Microbial infections in the maternal reproductive tract universally impact the complexity of the neonatal microbiomes, and the body site is most important in modulating the composition of the neonatal microbiomes. Additionally, maternal lipids attenuated the adverse influence of several maternal factors on the neonatal microbiomes. Finally, admission of neonates to the newborn intensive care unit is associated with sub-optimal states of the maternal buccal and rectal microbiomes and maternal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- Virginia Commonwealth University
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9
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Koning M, Herrema H, Nieuwdorp M, Meijnikman AS. Targeting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via gut microbiome-centered therapies. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2226922. [PMID: 37610978 PMCID: PMC10305510 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2226922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans possess abundant amounts of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea, in their gut. Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exhibit alterations in their gut microbiome and an impaired gut barrier function. Preclinical studies emphasize the significance of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In this overview, we explore how adjusting the gut microbiome could serve as an innovative therapeutic strategy for NAFLD. We provide a summary of current information on untargeted techniques such as probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, as well as targeted microbiome-focused therapies including engineered bacteria, prebiotics, postbiotics, and phages for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijra Koning
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Diabetes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Diabetes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abraham S. Meijnikman
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Diabetes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Hoegenauer C, Hammer HF, Mahnert A, Moissl-Eichinger C. Methanogenic archaea in the human gastrointestinal tract. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:805-813. [PMID: 36050385 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00673-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome is strongly interwoven with human health and disease. Besides bacteria, viruses and eukaryotes, numerous archaea are located in the human gastrointestinal tract and are responsible for methane production, which can be measured in clinical methane breath analyses. Methane is an important readout for various diseases, including intestinal methanogen overgrowth. Notably, the archaea responsible for methane production are largely overlooked in human microbiome studies due to their non-bacterial biology and resulting detection issues. As such, their importance for health and disease remains largely unclear to date, in particular as not a single archaeal representative has been deemed to be pathogenic. In this Perspective, we discuss the current knowledge on the clinical relevance of methanogenic archaea. We explain the archaeal unique response to antibiotics and their negative and positive effects on human physiology, and present the current understanding of the use of methane as a diagnostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hoegenauer
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heinz F Hammer
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Mahnert
- Diagnostic and Research Department of Microbiology, Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christine Moissl-Eichinger
- Diagnostic and Research Department of Microbiology, Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria.
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11
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Wu W, Liu W, Wang H, Wang W, Chu W, Jin J. β-sitosterol inhibits trimethylamine production by regulating the gut microbiota and attenuates atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:986905. [PMID: 36386330 PMCID: PMC9663806 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.986905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbial metabolite trimethylamine (TMA), which is activated by flavin monooxygenase (FMO) to produce trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS), leading to the development of therapeutic strategies for AS. This study aimed to investigate whether β-sitosterol can inhibit TMA production in ApoE-/- mice by reshaping the gut microbial structure. 16S rRNA sequencing of the gut microbiota showed that β-sitosterol has beneficial effects on intestinal flora function, especially the inhibition of bacteria genera that contain the gene cholintrimethylamine lyase, which is responsible for the major pathway for TMA production. In parallel, β-sitosterol effectively reduced the TMA, FMO3, and TMAO levels while ameliorating the atherosclerotic plaques of AS mice. Moreover, β-sitosterol could alleviate cholesterol metabolism and the inflammatory response, and improve the antioxidant defense capacity. These studies offer new insights into the mechanisms responsible for the antiatherosclerotic effects of β-sitosterol, which targets the microbiota-metabolism-immunity axis as a possible therapy for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People’s Hospital of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wugao Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People’s Hospital of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huafu Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People’s Hospital of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihua Chu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,Weihua Chu,
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People’s Hospital of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Jing Jin,
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12
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Shankaranarayanan D, Raj DS. Gut Microbiome and Kidney Disease: Reconciling Optimism and Skepticism. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 17:1694-1696. [PMID: 35793827 PMCID: PMC9718052 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.04480422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Shankaranarayanan
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Dominic S. Raj
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
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13
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Francisco AJ. Helicobacter Pylori Infection Induces Intestinal Dysbiosis That Could Be Related to the Onset of Atherosclerosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9943158. [PMID: 36317116 PMCID: PMC9617700 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9943158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent one of the first causes of death around the world, and atherosclerosis is one of the first steps in the development of them. Although these problems occur mainly in elderly, the incidence in younger people is being reported, and an undetermined portion of patients without the classic risk factors develop subclinical atherosclerosis at earlier stages of life. Recently, both the H. pylori infection and the intestinal microbiota have been linked to atherosclerosis. The mechanisms behind those associations are poorly understood, but some of the proposed explanations are (a) the effect of the chronic systemic inflammation induced by H. pylori, (b) a direct action over the endothelial cells by the cytotoxin associated gene A protein, and (c) alterations of the lipid metabolism and endothelial dysfunction induced by H. pylori infection. Regarding the microbiota, several studies show that induction of atherosclerosis is related to high levels of Trimethylamine N-oxide. In this review, we present the information published about the effects of H. pylori over the intestinal microbiota and their relationship with atherosclerosis and propose a hypothesis to explain the nature of these associations. If H. pylori contributes to atherosclerosis, then interventions for eradication and restoration of the gut microbiota at early stages could represent a way to prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avilés-Jiménez Francisco
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Pediatría. Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. IMSS, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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14
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Probiotics Bring New Hope for Atherosclerosis Prevention and Treatment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3900835. [PMID: 36193065 PMCID: PMC9526629 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3900835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of human mortality and morbidity worldwide. Atherosclerosis (AS) is the underlying pathological responsible in most acute and severe cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction and stroke. However, current drugs applied to the treatment of AS are not clinically effective, and there is a large residual risk of cardiovascular disease and multiple side effects. Increasing evidence supports a close relationship between microorganisms and the incidence of AS. Recent data have shown that probiotics can improve multiple key factors involved in the development and progression of AS, including cholesterol metabolism imbalance, endothelial dysfunction, proinflammatory factor production, macrophage polarization, intestinal flora disturbance, and infection with pathogenic microorganisms, and therefore probiotics have attracted great interest as a novel potential “medicine”. This review is aimed at summarizing the effects of probiotics on various influencing factors, and providing valuable insights in the search for early prevention and potential therapeutic strategies for AS.
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Mafra D, Ribeiro M, Fonseca L, Regis B, Cardozo LFMF, Fragoso Dos Santos H, Emiliano de Jesus H, Schultz J, Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P, Rosado A. Archaea from the gut microbiota of humans: Could be linked to chronic diseases? Anaerobe 2022; 77:102629. [PMID: 35985606 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Archaea comprise a unique domain of organisms with distinct biochemical and genetic differences from bacteria. Methane-forming archaea, methanogens, constitute the predominant group of archaea in the human gut microbiota, with Methanobrevibacter smithii being the most prevalent. However, the effect of methanogenic archaea and their methane production on chronic disease remains controversial. As perturbation of the microbiota is a feature of chronic conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases and chronic kidney disease, assessing the influence of archaea could provide a new clue to mitigating adverse effects associated with dysbiosis. In this review, we will discuss the putative role of archaea in the gut microbiota in humans and the possible link to chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, (RJ), Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil.
| | - Marcia Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Larissa Fonseca
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Bruna Regis
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Ludmila F M F Cardozo
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | | | | | - Junia Schultz
- Microbial Ecogenomics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Makkah, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandre Rosado
- Microbial Ecogenomics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Makkah, 23955, Saudi Arabia
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Sagkan-Ozturk A, Arpaci A. The comparison of changes in fecal and mucosal microbiome in metabolic endotoxemia induced by a high-fat diet. Anaerobe 2022; 77:102615. [PMID: 35850456 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the mucosal and fecal microbiota in a high fat diet-induced metabolic endotoxemia (ME) model and to identify potential species that represent dysbiosis and might mediate the inflammatory process. Fourteen male wistar albino rats were fed a standard diet (n = 7) and a high-fat diet (HFD) (n = 7). The standard diet (2600 kcal/kg) contained 3% of energy from fat and HFD (6740 kcal/kg) contained 67% beef tallow. After feeding for 12 weeks, all rats were sacrificed after fasting for 12 h and blood samples were collected. Fresh faecal samples and descending colon samples of rats were collected in sterile plastic tubes using a clean technique, immediately snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and then stored at -80 °C until used for analysis. Serum glucose, TRG, TLR4, LPS, and fecal LPS increased in the HFD group. On the contrary, HDL was higher and statistically significant in the CD group. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the colon tissue of the HFD group were significant. The HFD group caused a significant increase in LPS levels in serum and feces. In addition, the gut and mucosal microbiome were positively/negatively correlated with the ME markers (IL6, TNFα, LPS). The results showed that gut and mucosal microbiome changes were associated with HFD. These changes were dense at species levels. The current study demonstrated changes in gut and mucosal microbiota in HFD-induced metabolic endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliye Sagkan-Ozturk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Genetic (Medicine), Institute of Health Sciences, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey.
| | - Abdullah Arpaci
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey.
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Rashed R, Valcheva R, Dieleman LA. Manipulation of Gut Microbiota as a Key Target for Crohn's Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:887044. [PMID: 35783604 PMCID: PMC9244564 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.887044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) sub-type characterized by transmural chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Research indicates a complex CD etiology involving genetic predisposition and immune dysregulation in response to environmental triggers. The chronic mucosal inflammation has been associated with a dysregulated state, or dysbiosis, of the gut microbiome (bacteria), mycobiome (fungi), virome (bacteriophages and viruses), and archeaome (archaea) further affecting the interkingdom syntrophic relationships and host metabolism. Microbiota dysbiosis in CD is largely described by an increase in facultative anaerobic pathobionts at the expense of strict anaerobic Firmicutes, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. In the mycobiome, reduced fungal diversity and fungal-bacteria interactions, along with a significantly increased abundance of Candida spp. and a decrease in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are well documented. Virome analysis also indicates a significant decrease in phage diversity, but an overall increase in phages infecting bacterial groups associated with intestinal inflammation. Finally, an increase in methanogenic archaea such as Methanosphaera stadtmanae exhibits high immunogenic potential and is associated with CD etiology. Common anti-inflammatory medications used in CD management (amino-salicylates, immunomodulators, and biologics) could also directly or indirectly affect the gut microbiome in CD. Other medications often used concomitantly in IBD, such as antibiotics, antidepressants, oral contraceptives, opioids, and proton pump inhibitors, have shown to alter the gut microbiota and account for increased susceptibility to disease onset or worsening of disease progression. In contrast, some environmental modifications through alternative therapies including fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), diet and dietary supplements with prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have shown potential protective effects by reversing microbiota dysbiosis or by directly promoting beneficial microbes, together with minimal long-term adverse effects. In this review, we discuss the different approaches to modulating the global consortium of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea in patients with CD through therapies that include antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, personalized diets, and FMT. We hope to provide evidence to encourage clinicians and researchers to incorporate these therapies into CD treatment options, along with making them aware of the limitations of these therapies, and indicate where more research is needed.
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Cruz N, Abernathy GA, Dichosa AEK, Kumar A. The Age of Next-Generation Therapeutic-Microbe Discovery: Exploiting Microbe-Microbe and Host-Microbe Interactions for Disease Prevention. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0058921. [PMID: 35384688 PMCID: PMC9119102 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00589-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are considered "superorganisms," harboring a diverse microbial collective that outnumbers human cells 10 to 1. Complex and gravely understudied host- and microbe-microbe interactions-the product of millions of years of host-microbe coevolution-govern the superorganism in almost every aspect of life functions and overall well-being. Abruptly disrupting these interactions via extrinsic factors has undesirable consequences for the host. On the other hand, supplementing commensal or beneficial microbes may mitigate perturbed interactions or enhance the interactive relationships that ultimately benefit all parties. Hence, immense efforts have focused on dissecting the innumerable host- and microbe-microbe relationships to characterize if a "positive" or "negative" interaction is at play and to exploit such behavior for broader implications. For example, microbiome research has worked to identify and isolate naturally antipathogenic microbes that may offer therapeutic potential either in a direct, one-on-one application or by leveraging its unique metabolic properties. However, the discovery and isolation of such desired therapeutic microbes from complex microbiota have proven challenging. Currently, there is no conventional technique to universally and functionally screen for these microbes. With this said, we first describe in this review the historical (probiotics) and current (fecal microbiota or defined consortia) perspectives on therapeutic microbes, present the discoveries of therapeutic microbes through exploiting microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions, and detail our team's efforts in discovering therapeutic microbes via our novel microbiome screening platform. We conclude this minireview by briefly discussing challenges and possible solutions with therapeutic microbes' applications and paths ahead for discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Cruz
- B-10: Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - George A. Abernathy
- B-10: Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Armand E. K. Dichosa
- B-10: Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Anand Kumar
- B-10: Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
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Haonon O, Liu Z, Dangtakot R, Pinlaor P, Puapairoj A, Cha'on U, Intuyod K, Pongking T, Chantawong C, Sengthong C, Chaidee A, Onsurathum S, Li JV, Pinlaor S. Opisthorchis viverrini infection induces metabolic disturbances in hamsters fed with high fat/high fructose diets: implications for liver and kidney pathologies. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109053. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Zhao M, Wei H, Li C, Zhan R, Liu C, Gao J, Yi Y, Cui X, Shan W, Ji L, Pan B, Cheng S, Song M, Sun H, Jiang H, Cai J, Garcia-Barrio MT, Chen YE, Meng X, Dong E, Wang DW, Zheng L. Gut microbiota production of trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid reduces fatty acid oxidation and accelerates cardiac hypertrophy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1757. [PMID: 35365608 PMCID: PMC8976029 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies found intestinal microbiota alterations which are thought to affect the development of various diseases through the production of gut-derived metabolites. However, the specific metabolites and their pathophysiological contribution to cardiac hypertrophy or heart failure progression still remain unclear. N,N,N-trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid (TMAVA), derived from trimethyllysine through the gut microbiota, was elevated with gradually increased risk of cardiac mortality and transplantation in a prospective heart failure cohort (n = 1647). TMAVA treatment aggravated cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in high-fat diet-fed mice. Decreased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is a hallmark of metabolic reprogramming in the diseased heart and contributes to impaired myocardial energetics and contractile dysfunction. Proteomics uncovered that TMAVA disturbed cardiac energy metabolism, leading to inhibition of FAO and myocardial lipid accumulation. TMAVA treatment altered mitochondrial ultrastructure, respiration and FAO and inhibited carnitine metabolism. Mice with γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBOX) deficiency displayed a similar cardiac hypertrophy phenotype, indicating that TMAVA functions through BBOX. Finally, exogenous carnitine supplementation reversed TMAVA induced cardiac hypertrophy. These data suggest that the gut microbiota-derived TMAVA is a key determinant for the development of cardiac hypertrophy through inhibition of carnitine synthesis and subsequent FAO. Intestinal microbiota alterations may affect heart function through the production of gut-derived metabolites. Here the authors found that gut microbiota-derived TMAVA is a key determinant for the development of cardiac hypertrophy through inhibition of carnitine synthesis and subsequent fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haoran Wei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chenze Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Rui Zhan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Changjie Liu
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jianing Gao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yaodong Yi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Shan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liang Ji
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bing Pan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Si Cheng
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, The Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Moshi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haipeng Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Huidi Jiang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xiangbao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Erdan Dong
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Lemin Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, The Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Coker OO. Non-bacteria microbiome (virus, fungi, and archaea) in gastrointestinal cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:256-262. [PMID: 34825404 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract houses millions of microbes collectively referred to as the gut microbiome. The gut microbes comprise of bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea, and microscopic eukaryotes, which co-evolved or colonize the gut forming complex symbiotic and mutualistic relationships. A state of homeostasis is required between host and gut microbiome relationship to maintain several host beneficial processes. Alterations in the taxonomic and functional composition of the gut microbes are associated with several human diseases including gastrointestinal cancers. Owed to their overwhelming abundance and ease of characterization, several studies focus on the role of bacteria in gastrointestinal cancers. There is however growing evidence that non-bacteria gut microbes are associated with the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal cancers. This review details the association of non-bacteria gut microbes including fungi, viruses, and archaea and their potential manipulation in the prevention and treatment of human gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olabisi Oluwabukola Coker
- Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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22
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Butyrate producing microbiota are reduced in chronic kidney diseases. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23530. [PMID: 34876615 PMCID: PMC8651744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02865-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a major public health concern that affects millions of people globally. Alterations in gut microbiota composition have been observed in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nevertheless, the correlation between the gut microbiota and disease severity has not been investigated. In this study, we performed shot-gun metagenomics sequencing and identified several taxonomic and functional signatures associated with disease severity in patients with chronic kidney disease. We noted that 19 microbial genera were significantly associated with the severity of chronic kidney disease. The butyrate-producing bacteria were reduced in patients with advanced stages of chronic kidney diseases. In addition, functional metagenomics showed that two-component systems, metabolic activity and regulation of co-factor were significantly associated with the disease severity. Our study provides valuable information for the development of microbiota-oriented therapeutic strategies for chronic kidney disease.
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Daisley BA, Koenig D, Engelbrecht K, Doney L, Hards K, Al KF, Reid G, Burton JP. Emerging connections between gut microbiome bioenergetics and chronic metabolic diseases. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110087. [PMID: 34879270 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The conventional viewpoint of single-celled microbial metabolism fails to adequately depict energy flow at the systems level in host-adapted microbial communities. Emerging paradigms instead support that distinct microbiomes develop interconnected and interdependent electron transport chains that rely on cooperative production and sharing of bioenergetic machinery (i.e., directly involved in generating ATP) in the extracellular space. These communal resources represent an important subset of the microbial metabolome, designated here as the "pantryome" (i.e., pantry or external storage compartment), that critically supports microbiome function and can exert multifunctional effects on host physiology. We review these interactions as they relate to human health by detailing the genomic-based sharing potential of gut-derived bacterial and archaeal reference strains. Aromatic amino acids, metabolic cofactors (B vitamins), menaquinones (vitamin K2), hemes, and short-chain fatty acids (with specific emphasis on acetate as a central regulator of symbiosis) are discussed in depth regarding their role in microbiome-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan A Daisley
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics Research, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - David Koenig
- Kimberly Clark Corporation, Global Research and Engineering-Life Science, Neenah, WI, USA
| | - Kathleen Engelbrecht
- Kimberly Clark Corporation, Global Research and Engineering-Life Science, Neenah, WI, USA
| | - Liz Doney
- Kimberly Clark Corporation, Global Research and Engineering-Life Science, Neenah, WI, USA
| | - Kiel Hards
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Kait F Al
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics Research, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Gregor Reid
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics Research, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Schulich School of Medicine, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Jeremy P Burton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics Research, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Schulich School of Medicine, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
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24
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Li Y, Cao H, Wang X, Guo L, Ding X, Zhao W, Zhang F. Diet-mediated metaorganismal relay biotransformation: health effects and pathways. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-19. [PMID: 34802351 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2004993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the concept of metaorganism expands our insight into how diet-microbe-host interactions contribute to human health and diseases. We realized that many biological metabolic processes in the host can be summarized into metaorganismal relay pathways, in which metabolites such as trimethylamine-N‑oxide, short-chain fatty acids and bile acids act as double-edged swords (beneficial or harmful effects) in the initiation and progression of diseases. Pleiotropic effects of metabolites are derived from several influencing factors including dose level, targeted organ of effect, action duration and species of these metabolites. Based on the pleiotropic effects of metabolites, personalized therapeutic approaches including microecological agents, enzymatic regulators and changes in dietary habits to govern related metabolite production may provide a new insight in promoting human health. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of metaorganismal relay pathways and elaborate on the pleiotropic effects of metabolites in these pathways, with special emphasis on related therapeutic nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lichun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoying Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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25
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Lebeuf M, Turgeon N, Faubert C, Pleau A, Robillard J, Paradis É, Marette A, Duchaine C. Contaminants and Where to Find Them: Microbiological Quality Control in Axenic Animal Facilities. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:709399. [PMID: 34484147 PMCID: PMC8415547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.709399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of axenic animal models in experimental research has exponentially grown in the past few years and the most reliable way for confirming their axenic status remains unclear. It is especially the case when using individual ventilated positive-pressure cages such as the Isocage. This type of cage are at a greater risk of contamination and expose animals to a longer handling process leading to more potential stress when opened compared to isolators. The aim of this study was to propose simple ways to detect microbial contaminants with Isocages type isolator resulting by developing, validating and optimizing three different methods (culture, microscopy, and molecular). These three approaches were also tested in situ by spiking 21 axenic mice with different microorganisms. Our results suggest that the culture method can be used for feces and surface station (IBS) swabs exclusively (in Brain Heart Infusion for 7 days at 25°C and 37°C in aerobic conditions, and at 30°C in anaerobic conditions), while microscopy (wet mounts) and molecular method (quantitative PCR) were only suitable for fecal matter analyses. In situ results suggests that the culture and molecular methods can detect up to 100% of bacterial contamination events while the microscopy approach generates many erroneous results when not performed by a skilled microscopist. In situ results also suggest that when an axenic mouse is contaminated by a microbial agent, the microorganism will colonize the mouse to such an extent that detection is obvious in 4 days, in average. This report validates simple but complimentary tests that can be used for optimal detection of contaminants in axenic animal facilities using Isocage type isolators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lebeuf
- Département de Biochimie, Microbiologie et Bio-Informatique, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Turgeon
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Cynthia Faubert
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Pleau
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Justin Robillard
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Éric Paradis
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Pfizer Canada - CIHR Chair in the Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Diseases, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Duchaine
- Département de Biochimie, Microbiologie et Bio-Informatique, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Tier-1 Canada Research Chair in Bioaerosols, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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26
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Freitas RS, Roque CR, Matos GA, Belayev L, de Azevedo OGR, Alvarez-Leite JI, Guerrant RL, Oriá RB. Immunoinflammatory role of apolipoprotein E4 in malnutrition and enteric infections and the increased risk for chronic diseases under adverse environments. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1001-1012. [PMID: 34406390 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E plays a crucial role in cholesterol metabolism. The immunomodulatory functions of the human polymorphic APOE gene have gained particular interest because APOE4, a well-recognized risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease, has also been recently linked to increased risk of COVID-19 infection severity in a large UK biobank study. Although much is known about apoE functions in the nervous system, much less is known about APOE polymorphism effects on malnutrition and enteric infections and the consequences for later development in underprivileged environments. In this review, recent findings are summarized of apoE's effects on intestinal function in health and disease and the role of APOE4 in protecting against infection and malnutrition in children living in unfavorable settings, where poor sanitation and hygiene prevail, is highlighted. The potential impact of APOE4 on later development also is discussed and gaps in knowledge are identified that need to be addressed to protect children's development under adverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul S Freitas
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cássia R Roque
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gabriella A Matos
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Belayev
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Orleâncio G R de Azevedo
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Richard L Guerrant
- Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Reinaldo B Oriá
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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27
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Chuphal N, Singha KP, Sardar P, Sahu NP, Shamna N, Kumar V. Scope of Archaea in Fish Feed: a New Chapter in Aquafeed Probiotics? Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1668-1695. [PMID: 33821466 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of diseases leading to substantial loss is a major bottleneck in aquaculture. Over the last decades, the concept of using feed probiotics was more in focus to address the growth and health of cultivable aquatic organisms. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the distinct functionality of archaea from conventional probiotics in nutrient utilization, specific caloric contribution, evading immune response and processing thermal resistance. The prime limitation of conventional probiotics is the viability of desired microbes under harsh feed processing conditions. To overcome the constraints of commercial probiotics pertaining to incompatibility towards industrial processing procedure, a super microbe, archaea, appears to be a potential alternative approach in aquaculture. The peculiarity of the archaeal cell wall provides them with heat stability and rigidity under industrial processing conditions. Besides, archaea being one of the gut microbial communities participates in various health-oriented biological functions in animals. Thus, the current review devoted that administration of archaea in aquafeed could be a promising strategy in aquaculture. Archaea may be used as a potential probiotic with the possible modes of functions and advantages over conventional probiotics in aquafeed preparation. The present review also provides the challenges associated with the use of archaea for aquaculture and a brief outline of the patents on archaea to highlight the various use of archaea in different sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Chuphal
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Krishna Pada Singha
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India.,Aquaculture Research Institute, Department of Animal Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-3020, USA
| | - Parimal Sardar
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India.
| | - Narottam Prasad Sahu
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Naseemashahul Shamna
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Aquaculture Research Institute, Department of Animal Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-3020, USA.
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28
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Ryu EP, Davenport ER. Taming the beasts inside. eLife 2021; 10:67634. [PMID: 33755018 PMCID: PMC7987332 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in diet associated with domestication may have shaped the composition of microbes found in the guts of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica P Ryu
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States
| | - Emily R Davenport
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States.,Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States.,Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States
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29
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TMA/TMAO in Hypertension: Novel Horizons and Potential Therapies. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2021; 14:1117-1124. [PMID: 33709384 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-021-10115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most prevalent chronic disease and a risk factor for various diseases. Although its mechanisms and therapies are constantly being updated and developed, they are still not fully clarified. In recent years, novel gut microbiota and its metabolites have attracted widespread attention. It is strongly linked with physiological and pathological systems, especially TMA and TMAO. TMA is formed by intestinal microbial metabolism of choline and L-carnitine and converted into TMAO by FMO3. This paper collected and collated the latest researches and mainly discussed the following four parts. It introduced gut microbiota; provided a focus on TMA, TMA-producing bacteria, and TMAO; summarized the alternations in hypertensive patients and animals; discussed the mechanisms of TMAO with two respects; and summarized the regulatory factors may be as new interventions and therapies of hypertension. And, more relevant studies are still prospected to be accomplished between hypertension and TMA/TMAO for further clinical services.
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30
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New Insights into Stroke Prevention and Treatment: Gut Microbiome. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:455-472. [PMID: 33635417 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01047-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stroke, a lethal neurological disease, accounts for a grave economic burden on society. Despite extensive basic and clinical studies on stroke prevention, a precise effective treatment approach for stroke at this stage remains unavailable. The majority of our body's gut microbiota plays a vital role in food digestion, immune regulation, and nervous system development, which is highly associated with the development of some diseases. Multiple clinical studies have documented variation in the composition of gut microbiota between stroke patients and healthy counterparts. Moreover, the intervention of intestinal symbiotic microorganisms via several mechanisms plays an active role in stroke prognosis. In the prevention and treatment of stroke, the gut microbiota gives off a seductive glow, this is a promising therapeutic target. This paper summarizes the current knowledge of stroke and gut microbiota, and systematically describes the possible mechanisms of interaction between stroke and gut microbiota, the relationship between stroke-related risk factors and gut microbiota, and the treatment of gut flora using microorganisms. Thus, it could valuably elucidate the correlation of gut microbiota with stroke incidence, providing stroke researchers with a new strategy for stroke prevention and treatment by regulating gut microbiota.
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31
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Thomas MS, Fernandez ML. Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), Diet and Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:12. [PMID: 33594574 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00910-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The association between plasma Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), diet and risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still not fully understood. While epidemiologic research shows a causal relationship between plasma TMAO concentrations and CVD risk, the role of dietary precursors in determining plasma concentrations of TMAO and biomarkers for CVD is inconclusive. RECENT FINDINGS Studies in diverse populations show that plasma TMAO concentrations are positively associated with inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, type-2 diabetes, central adiposity and hypertension. Most recent studies utilizing challenges of dietary choline have not shown increases in plasma chronic TMAO concentrations while studies with carnitine have shown increases in plasma TMAO but in some cases, no alterations in plasma lipids or biomarkers of oxidative stress were observed. TMAO is an important plasma metabolite that through several mechanisms can increase the risk of CVD. The correlations between dietary choline and carnitine on chronic plasma TMAO levels and risk for CVD requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minu S Thomas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
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32
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Iglesias-Carres L, Hughes MD, Steele CN, Ponder MA, Davy KP, Neilson AP. Use of dietary phytochemicals for inhibition of trimethylamine N-oxide formation. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 91:108600. [PMID: 33577949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been reported as a risk factor for atherosclerosis development, as well as for other cardiovascular disease (CVD) pathologies. The objective of this review is to provide a useful summary on the use of phytochemicals as TMAO-reducing agents. This review discusses the main mechanisms by which TMAO promotes CVD, including the modulation of lipid and bile acid metabolism, and the promotion of endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Current knowledge on the available strategies to reduce TMAO formation are discussed, highlighting the effect and potential of phytochemicals. Overall, phytochemicals (i.e., phenolic compounds or glucosinolates) reduce TMAO formation by modulating gut microbiota composition and/or function, inhibiting host's capacity to metabolize TMA to TMAO, or a combination of both. Perspectives for design of future studies involving phytochemicals as TMAO-reducing agents are discussed. Overall, the information provided by this review outlines the current state of the art of the role of phytochemicals as TMAO reducing agents, providing valuable insight to further advance in this field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisard Iglesias-Carres
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC
| | - Michael D Hughes
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Cortney N Steele
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Monica A Ponder
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Kevin P Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Andrew P Neilson
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC.
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33
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Gui DD, Luo W, Yan BJ, Ren Z, Tang ZH, Liu LS, Zhang JF, Jiang ZS. Effects of gut microbiota on atherosclerosis through hydrogen sulfide. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 896:173916. [PMID: 33529724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is affected by both environmental and genetic factors. Microenvironmental disorders of the human gut flora are associated with a variety of health problems, not only gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, but also extralintestinal organs. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the third gas signaling molecule other than nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. In the cardiovascular system, H2S plays important roles in the regulation of blood pressure, angiogenesis, smooth muscle cell proliferation and apoptosis, anti-oxidative stress, cardiac functions. This review is aiming to explore the potential role of gut microbiota in the development of atherosclerosis through hydrogen sulfide production as a novel therapeutic direction for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Gui
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Bin-Jie Yan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zhi-Han Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Lu-Shan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Ji-Feng Zhang
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
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34
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Abstract
Host-associated microbial communities have an important role in shaping the health and fitness of plants and animals. Most studies have focused on the bacterial, fungal or viral communities, but often the archaeal component has been neglected. The archaeal community, the so-called archaeome, is now increasingly recognized as an important component of host-associated microbiomes. It is composed of various lineages, including mainly Methanobacteriales and Methanomassiliicoccales (Euryarchaeota), as well as representatives of the Thaumarchaeota. Host-archaeome interactions have mostly been delineated from methanogenic archaea in the gastrointestinal tract, where they contribute to substantial methane production and are potentially also involved in disease-relevant processes. In this Review, we discuss the diversity and potential roles of the archaea associated with protists, plants and animals. We also present the current understanding of the archaeome in humans, the specific adaptations involved in interaction with the resident microbial community as well as with the host, and the roles of the archaeome in both health and disease.
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35
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Terruzzi I, Senesi P. Does intestinal dysbiosis contribute to an aberrant inflammatory response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in frail patients? Nutrition 2020; 79-80:110996. [PMID: 33002653 PMCID: PMC7462523 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In a few months, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has become the main health problem worldwide. Epidemiologic studies revealed that populations have different vulnerabilities to SARS-CoV-2. Severe outcomes of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with an increased risk of death are observed in patients with metabolic syndrome, as well as diabetic and heart conditions (frail population). Excessive proinflammatory cytokine storm could be the main cause of increased vulnerability in this frail population. In patients with diabetes and/or heart disease, a low inflammatory state is often associated with gut dysbiosis. The increase amount of microbial metabolites (i.e., trimethylamine N-oxide and lipopolysaccharide), which generate an inflammatory microenvironment, is probably associated with an improved risk of severe illness from COVID-19. Nutritional interventions aimed at restoring the gut microbial balance could represent preventive strategies to protect the frail population from COVID-19. This narrative review presents the possible molecular mechanisms by which intestinal dysbiosis that enhances the inflammatory state could promote the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some nutritional strategies to counteract inflammation in frail patients are also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Terruzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.
| | - Pamela Senesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
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36
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to highlight the association between gut microbiome and cardiovascular disease (CVD) with emphasis on the possible molecular mechanisms by which how gut microbiome contributes to CVD. RECENT FINDINGS Increasingly, the roles of gut microbiome in cardiovascular health and disease have gained much attention. Most of the investigations focus on how the gut dysbiosis contributes to CVD risk factors and which gut microbial-derived metabolites mediate such effects. SUMMARY In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of gut microbiome contributing to CVD, which include gut microbes translocalization to aortic artery because of gut barrier defect to initiate inflammation and microbial-derived metabolites inducing inflammation-signaling pathway and renal insufficiency. Specifically, we categorize beneficial and deleterious microbial-derived metabolites in cardiovascular health. We also summarize recent findings in the gut microbiome modulation of drug efficacy in treatment of CVD and the microbiome mechanisms by which how physical exercise ameliorates cardiovascular health. Gut microbiome has become an essential component of cardiovascular research and a crucial consideration factor in cardiovascular health and disease.
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37
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Kountz DJ, Behrman EJ, Zhang L, Krzycki JA. MtcB, a member of the MttB superfamily from the human gut acetogen Eubacterium limosum, is a cobalamin-dependent carnitine demethylase. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11971-11981. [PMID: 32571881 PMCID: PMC7443480 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The trimethylamine methyltransferase MttB is the first described member of a superfamily comprising thousands of microbial proteins. Most members of the MttB superfamily are encoded by genes that lack the codon for pyrrolysine characteristic of trimethylamine methyltransferases, raising questions about the activities of these proteins. The superfamily member MtcB is found in the human intestinal isolate Eubacterium limosum ATCC 8486, an acetogen that can grow by demethylation of l-carnitine. Here, we demonstrate that MtcB catalyzes l-carnitine demethylation. When growing on l-carnitine, E. limosum excreted the unusual biological product norcarnitine as well as acetate, butyrate, and caproate. Cellular extracts of E. limosum grown on l-carnitine, but not lactate, methylated cob-(I)alamin or tetrahydrofolate using l-carnitine as methyl donor. MtcB, along with the corrinoid protein MtqC and the methylcorrinoid:tetrahydrofolate methyltransferase MtqA, were much more abundant in E. limosum cells grown on l-carnitine than on lactate. Recombinant MtcB methylates either cob(I)alamin or Co(I)-MtqC in the presence of l-carnitine and, to a much lesser extent, γ-butyrobetaine. Other quaternary amines were not substrates. Recombinant MtcB, MtqC, and MtqA methylated tetrahydrofolate via l-carnitine, forming a key intermediate in the acetogenic Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. To our knowledge, MtcB methylation of cobalamin or Co(I)-MtqC represents the first described mechanism of biological l-carnitine demethylation. The conversion of l-carnitine and its derivative γ-butyrobetaine to trimethylamine by the gut microbiome has been linked to cardiovascular disease. The activities of MtcB and related proteins in E. limosum might demethylate proatherogenic quaternary amines and contribute to the perceived health benefits of this human gut symbiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan J Kountz
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Edward J Behrman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Campus Chemical Instrument Center Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph A Krzycki
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Ohio State Biochemistry Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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38
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Arias N, Arboleya S, Allison J, Kaliszewska A, Higarza SG, Gueimonde M, Arias JL. The Relationship between Choline Bioavailability from Diet, Intestinal Microbiota Composition, and Its Modulation of Human Diseases. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082340. [PMID: 32764281 PMCID: PMC7468957 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline is a water-soluble nutrient essential for human life. Gut microbial metabolism of choline results in the production of trimethylamine (TMA), which, upon absorption by the host is converted into trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) in the liver. A high accumulation of both components is related to cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and chronic kidney disease. However, the relationship between the microbiota production of these components and its impact on these diseases still remains unknown. In this review, we will address which microbes contribute to TMA production in the human gut, the extent to which host factors (e.g., the genotype) and diet affect TMA production, and the colonization of these microbes and the reversal of dysbiosis as a therapy for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Arias
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33003 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; (S.G.H.); (J.L.A.)
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK; (J.A.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Arboleya
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33003 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; (S.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Joseph Allison
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK; (J.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Kaliszewska
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK; (J.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Sara G. Higarza
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33003 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; (S.G.H.); (J.L.A.)
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijóo, s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33003 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; (S.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Jorge L. Arias
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33003 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; (S.G.H.); (J.L.A.)
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijóo, s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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39
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Microbiome and health implications for ethnic minorities after enforced lifestyle changes. Nat Med 2020; 26:1089-1095. [PMID: 32632193 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0963-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Modern lifestyles increase the risk of chronic diseases, in part by modifying the microbiome, but the health effects of lifestyles enforced on ethnic minorities are understudied1-3. Lifestyle affects the microbiome early in life, when the microbiome is assembled and the immune system is undergoing maturation4-6. Moreover, the influence of lifestyle has been separated from genetic and geographic factors by studies of genetically similar populations and ethnically distinct groups living in the same geographic location7-11. The lifestyle of Irish Travellers, an ethnically distinct subpopulation, changed with legislation in 2002 that effectively ended nomadism and altered their living conditions. Comparative metagenomics of gut microbiomes shows that Irish Travellers retain a microbiota similar to that of non-industrialized societies. Their microbiota is associated with non-dietary factors and is proportionately linked with risk of microbiome-related metabolic disease. Our findings suggest there are microbiome-related public health implications when ethnic minorities are pressured to change lifestyles.
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40
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Wiese GN, Biruete A, Moorthi RN, Moe SM, Lindemann SR, Hill Gallant KM. Plant-Based Diets, the Gut Microbiota, and Trimethylamine N-Oxide Production in Chronic Kidney Disease: Therapeutic Potential and Methodological Considerations. J Ren Nutr 2020; 31:121-131. [PMID: 32616440 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High circulating trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In individuals with CKD, reduced kidney function leads to decreased excretion of TMAO, which results in accumulation in the circulation. Higher circulating TMAO has been linked to higher intake of animal-based foods in omnivorous diets. Thus, plant-based diets have been suggested as an intervention to slow the progression of CKD and reduce cardiovascular risk, perhaps explained in part by reduced TMAO production. This article reviews the current evidence on plant-based diets as a dietary intervention to decrease gut-derived TMAO production in patients with CKD, while highlighting methodological issues that present challenges to advancing research and subsequent translation of this approach. Overall, we find that plant-based diets are promising for reducing gut-derived TMAO production in patients with CKD but that further interventional studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen N Wiese
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Annabel Biruete
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ranjani N Moorthi
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sharon M Moe
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Stephen R Lindemann
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Kathleen M Hill Gallant
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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Fu BC, Hullar MAJ, Randolph TW, Franke AA, Monroe KR, Cheng I, Wilkens LR, Shepherd JA, Madeleine MM, Le Marchand L, Lim U, Lampe JW. Associations of plasma trimethylamine N-oxide, choline, carnitine, and betaine with inflammatory and cardiometabolic risk biomarkers and the fecal microbiome in the Multiethnic Cohort Adiposity Phenotype Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:1226-1234. [PMID: 32055828 PMCID: PMC7266689 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a compound derived from diet and metabolism by the gut microbiome, has been associated with several chronic diseases, although the mechanisms of action are not well understood and few human studies have investigated microbes involved in its production. OBJECTIVES Our study aims were 1) to investigate associations of TMAO and its precursors (choline, carnitine, and betaine) with inflammatory and cardiometabolic risk biomarkers; and 2) to identify fecal microbiome profiles associated with TMAO. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data collected from 1653 participants (826 men and 827 women, aged 60-77 y) in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Plasma concentrations of TMAO and its precursors were measured by LC-tandem MS. We also analyzed fasting blood for markers of inflammation, glucose and insulin, cholesterol, and triglycerides (TGs), and further measured blood pressure. Fecal microbiome composition was evaluated by sequencing the 16S ribosomal RNA gene V1-V3 region. Associations of TMAO and its precursors with disease risk biomarkers were assessed by multivariable linear regression, whereas associations between TMAO and the fecal microbiome were assessed by permutational multivariate ANOVA and hurdle regression models using the negative binomial distribution. RESULTS Median (IQR) concentration of plasma TMAO was 3.05 μmol/L (2.10-4.60 μmol/L). Higher concentrations of TMAO and carnitine, and lower concentrations of betaine, were associated with greater insulin resistance (all P < 0.02). Choline was associated with higher systolic blood pressure, TGs, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, and lower HDL cholesterol (P ranging from <0.001 to 0.03), reflecting an adverse cardiometabolic risk profile. TMAO was associated with abundance of 13 genera (false discovery rate < 0.05), including Prevotella, Mitsuokella, Fusobacterium, Desulfovibrio, and bacteria belonging to the families Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae, as well as the methanogen Methanobrevibacter smithii. CONCLUSIONS Plasma TMAO concentrations were associated with a number of trimethylamine-producing bacterial taxa, and, along with its precursors, may contribute to inflammatory and cardiometabolic risk pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Fu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meredith A J Hullar
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy W Randolph
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adrian A Franke
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kristine R Monroe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - John A Shepherd
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Margaret M Madeleine
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Unhee Lim
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Johanna W Lampe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Address correspondence to JWL (e-mail: )
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Archaea, specific genetic traits, and development of improved bacterial live biotherapeutic products: another face of next-generation probiotics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4705-4716. [PMID: 32281023 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10599-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Trimethylamine (TMA) and its oxide TMAO are important biomolecules involved in disease-associated processes in humans (e.g., trimethylaminuria and cardiovascular diseases). TMAO in plasma (pTMAO) stems from intestinal TMA, which is formed from various components of the diet in a complex interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and the human host. Most approaches to prevent the occurrence of such deleterious molecules focus on actions to interfere with gut microbiota metabolism to limit the synthesis of TMA. Some human gut archaea however use TMA as terminal electron acceptor for producing methane, thus indicating that intestinal TMA does not accumulate in some human subjects. Therefore, a rational alternative approach is to eliminate neo-synthesized intestinal TMA. This can be achieved through bioremediation of TMA by these peculiar methanogenic archaea, either by stimulating or providing them, leading to a novel kind of next-generation probiotics referred to as archaebiotics. Finally, specific components which are involved in this archaeal metabolism could also be used as intestinal TMA sequesters, facilitating TMA excretion along with stool. Referring to a standard pharmacological approach, these TMA traps could be synthesized ex vivo and then delivered into the human gut. Another approach is the engineering of known probiotic strain in order to metabolize TMA, i.e., live engineered biotherapeutic products. These alternatives would require, however, to take into account the necessity of synthesizing the 22nd amino acid pyrrolysine, i.e., some specificities of the genetics of TMA-consuming archaea. Here, we present an overview of these different strategies and recent advances in the field that will sustain such biotechnological developments. KEY POINTS: • Some autochthonous human archaea can use TMA for their essential metabolism, a methyl-dependent hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. • They could therefore be used as next-generation probiotics for preventing some human diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases and trimethylaminuria. • Their genetic capacities can also be used to design live recombinant biotherapeutic products. • Encoding of the 22nd amino acid pyrrolysine is necessary for such alternative developments.
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Pongking T, Haonon O, Dangtakot R, Onsurathum S, Jusakul A, Intuyod K, Sangka A, Anutrakulchai S, Cha’on U, Pinlaor S, Pinlaor P. A combination of monosodium glutamate and high-fat and high-fructose diets increases the risk of kidney injury, gut dysbiosis and host-microbial co-metabolism. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231237. [PMID: 32267892 PMCID: PMC7141667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of either monosodium glutamate (MSG) or high-fat and high-fructose (HFF) diets changes the gut microbiome and hence contributes to development of several diseases. In this study, with an emphasis on kidney injury, hamsters were divided into 4 groups as follows: (1) hamsters fed with standard diet (control); (2) hamsters fed with standard diet and MSG in drinking water (MSG); (3) hamsters fed with high-fat and high-fructose diets (HFF), and (4) animals fed MSG+HFF. After 8 months, the animals were used for the study. Despite showing normal kidney function, hamsters fed with MSG+HFF exhibited signs of kidney damage as demonstrated by the highest expression levels of high-mobility group box-1 and kidney injury molecule-1 in kidney tissues, while slight changes of histopathological features in H&E-stained sections and normal levels of creatinine were observed, indicating possible early stages of kidney injury. Sequencing of the microbial 16S rRNA gene revealed that animals fed with the MSG+HFF diet had a higher ratio of gut Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes along with marked changes in abundance and diversity of gut microbiome compared to hamsters fed with MSG or HFF alone. In addition, 1H Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed an elevation of urine p-cresol sulfate levels in the MSG+HFF group. These results indicate that consumption of both MSG and HFF increases the risk of kidney injury, induces gut dysbiosis and an increase in the amount of p-cresol sulfate in hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thatsanapong Pongking
- Biomedical Science Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeast of Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ornuma Haonon
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeast of Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rungtiwa Dangtakot
- Biomedical Science Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeast of Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Onsurathum
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeast of Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Apinya Jusakul
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeast of Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kitti Intuyod
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeast of Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Arunnee Sangka
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeast of Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Anutrakulchai
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeast of Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ubon Cha’on
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeast of Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeast of Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Porntip Pinlaor
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeast of Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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Sereme Y, Mezouar S, Grine G, Mege JL, Drancourt M, Corbeau P, Vitte J. Methanogenic Archaea: Emerging Partners in the Field of Allergic Diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 57:456-466. [PMID: 31522353 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-019-08766-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Archaea, which form one of four domains of life alongside Eukarya, Bacteria, and giant viruses, have long been neglected as components of the human microbiota and potential opportunistic infectious pathogens. In this review, we focus on methanogenic Archaea, which rely on hydrogen for their metabolism and growth. On one hand, methanogenic Archaea in the gut are functional associates of the fermentative digestion of dietary fibers, favoring the production of beneficial short-chain fatty acids and likely contributing to the weaning reaction during the neonatal window of opportunity. On the other hand, methanogenic Archaea trigger the activation of innate and adaptive responses and the generation of specific T and B cells in animals and humans. In mouse models, lung hypersensitivity reactions can be induced by inhaled methanogenic Archaea mimicking human professional exposure to organic dust. Changes in methanogenic Archaea of the microbiota are detected in an array of dysimmune conditions comprising inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, malnutrition, anorexia, colorectal cancer, and diverticulosis. At the subcellular level, methanogenic Archaea are activators of the TLR8-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome, modulate the release of antimicrobial peptides and drive the production of proinflammatory, Th-1, Th-2, and Th-17 cytokines. Our objective was to introduce the most recent and major pieces of evidence supporting the involvement of Archaea in the balance between health and dysimmune diseases, with a particular focus on atopic and allergic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssouf Sereme
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Ghiles Grine
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Louis Mege
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital Timone, Service de Bactériologie - Epidémiologie - Hygiène hospitalière, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Drancourt
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Corbeau
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002, CNRS-Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
- Immunology Department, University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Joana Vitte
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France.
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.
- APHM, Hôpital Timone, Service de Bactériologie - Epidémiologie - Hygiène hospitalière, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
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Yang S, Li X, Yang F, Zhao R, Pan X, Liang J, Tian L, Li X, Liu L, Xing Y, Wu M. Gut Microbiota-Dependent Marker TMAO in Promoting Cardiovascular Disease: Inflammation Mechanism, Clinical Prognostic, and Potential as a Therapeutic Target. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1360. [PMID: 31803054 PMCID: PMC6877687 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, especially in developed countries, and atherosclerosis (AS) is the common pathological basis of many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as coronary heart disease (CHD). The role of the gut microbiota in AS has begun to be appreciated in recent years. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), an important gut microbe-dependent metabolite, is generated from dietary choline, betaine, and L-carnitine. Multiple studies have suggested a correlation between plasma TMAO levels and the risk of AS. However, the mechanism underlying this relationship is still unclear. In this review, we discuss the TMAO-involved mechanisms of atherosclerotic CVD from the perspective of inflammation, inflammation-related immunity, cholesterol metabolism, and atherothrombosis. We also summarize available clinical studies on the role of TMAO in predicting prognostic outcomes, including major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), in patients presenting with AS. Finally, since TMAO may be a novel therapeutic target for AS, several therapeutic strategies including drugs, dietary, etc. to lower TMAO levels that are currently being explored are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Yang
- Guang'an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinye Li
- Guang'an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Guang'an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Guang'an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiandu Pan
- Guang'an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Beijing Longfu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Tian
- Guang'an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longtao Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Xing
- Guang'an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Guang'an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wu L, Zeng T, Zinellu A, Rubino S, Kelvin DJ, Carru C. A Cross-Sectional Study of Compositional and Functional Profiles of Gut Microbiota in Sardinian Centenarians. mSystems 2019; 4:4/4/e00325-19. [PMID: 31289141 PMCID: PMC6616150 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00325-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sardinia, Italy, has a high prevalence of residents who live more than 100 years. The reasons for longevity in this isolated region are currently unknown. Gut microbiota may hold a clue. To explore the role gut microbiota may play in healthy aging and longevity, we used metagenomic sequencing to determine the compositional and functional differences in gut microbiota associated with populations of different ages in Sardinia. Our data revealed that the gut microbiota of both young and elderly Sardinians shared similar taxonomic and functional profiles. A different pattern was found in centenarians. Within the centenarian group, the gut microbiota was correlated with the functional independence measurement of the host. Centenarians had a higher diversity of core microbiota species and microbial genes than those in the young and elderly. We found that the gut microbiota in Sardinian centenarians displayed a rearranged taxonomic pattern compared with those of the young and elderly, featured by depletion of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Eubacterium rectale and enriched for Methanobrevibacter smithii and Bifidobacterium adolescentis Moreover, functional analysis revealed that the microbiota in centenarians had high capacity for central metabolism, especially glycolysis and fermentation to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), although the gut microbiota in centenarians was low in genes encoding enzymes involved in degradation of carbohydrates, including fibers and galactose.IMPORTANCE The gut microbiota has been proposed as a promising determinant for human health. Centenarians as a model for extreme aging may help us understand the correlation of gut microbiota with healthy aging and longevity. Here we confirmed that centenarians had microbiota elements usually associated with benefits to health. Our finding of a high capacity of glycolysis and related SCFA production represented a healthy microbiome and environment that is regarded as beneficial for host gut epithelium. The low abundance of genes encoding components of pathways involved in carbohydrate degradation was also found in the gut microbiota of Sardinian centenarians and is often associated with poor gut health. Overall, our study here represents an expansion of previous research investigating the age-related changes in gut microbiota. Furthermore, our study provides a new prospective for potential targets for gut microbiota intervention directed at limiting gut inflammation and pathology and enhancing a healthy gut barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wu
- Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Tiansheng Zeng
- Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rubino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - David J Kelvin
- Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Anlu W, Dongcheng C, He Z, Qiuyi L, Yan Z, Yu Q, Hao X, Keji C. Using herbal medicine to target the “microbiota-metabolism-immunity” axis as possible therapy for cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Res 2019; 142:205-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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